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Journal articles on the topic 'Dating method for rock surface exposures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Ivy-Ochs, Susan, and Florian Kober. "Surface exposure dating with cosmogenic nuclides." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 1/2 (2008): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.7.

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Abstract. In the last decades surface exposure dating using cosmogenic nuclides has emerged as a powerful tool in Quaternary geochronology and landscape evolution studies. Cosmogenic nuclides are produced in rocks and sediment due to reactions induced by cosmic rays. Landforms ranging in age from a few hundred years to tens of millions of years can be dated (depending on rock or landform weathering rates) by measuring nuclide concentrations. In this paper the history and theory of surface exposure dating are reviewed followed by an extensive outline of the fields of application of the method.

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Rode, Matthias, and Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer. "Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of rock glaciers in the Schöderkogel-Eisenhut area, Schladminger Tauern Range, Austria." Holocene 22, no. 7 (2011): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683611430410.

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Schmidt-hammer rebound values ( R-values) enable relative-age dating of landforms, with R-values relating to degree of weathering and therefore length of exposure. This method – recently termed as Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) – was applied to date five rock glaciers (size range, 0.01–0.12 km2) and one recent rockfall deposit at the study area Schöderkogel-Eisenhut, in the Schladminger Tauern Range (14°03′E, 47°15′N), Austria. The rock glaciers consist of gneiss or high metamorphic series of mica-schist that are comparable in their R-values. Four of them are relict (permafrost absen

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Gallach, Xavi, Yves Perrette, Dominique Lafon, et al. "A new method for dating the surface exposure age of granite rock walls in the Mont Blanc massif by reflectance spectroscopy." Quaternary Geochronology 64 (June 2021): 101156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2021.101156.

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Swanson, Terry W., and Marc L. Caffee. "Determination of 36Cl Production Rates Derived from the Well-Dated Deglaciation Surfaces of Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands, Washington." Quaternary Research 56, no. 3 (2001): 366–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2278.

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AbstractThe 36Cl dating method is increasingly being used to determine the surface-exposure history of Quaternary landforms. Production rates for the 36Cl isotopic system, a critical component of the dating method, have now been refined using the well-constrained radiocarbon-based deglaciation history of Whidbey and Fidalgo Islands, Washington. The calculated total production rates due to calcium and potassium are 91±5 atoms 36Cl (g Ca)−1 yr−1 and are 228±18 atoms 36Cl (g K)−1 yr−1, respectively. The calculated ground-level secondary neutron production rate in air, Pf(0), inferred from thermal

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5

Liritzis, Ioannis. "Surface dating by luminescence: An overview." Geochronometria 38, no. 3 (2011): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0032-7.

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AbstractDaylight radiation resets luminescence ‘clock’ to zero on rock surfaces, but transmission depends on the transparency of the rock. On burial, surfaces are no longer exposed to daylight and accumulation of trapped electrons takes place till the excavation. This reduction of luminescence as a function of depth fulfils the prerequisite criterion of daylight bleaching. Thus rock artefacts and monuments follow similar bleaching rationale as those for sediments. In limestone and marble, daylight can reach depths of 0.5–1 mm and up to 16 mm respectively, while for other igneous rocks e.g. qua

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6

Benedict, James B. "A Review of Lichenometric Dating and Its Applications to Archaeology." American Antiquity 74, no. 1 (2009): 143–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600047545.

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Lichenometry—a method developed by geologists for dating Holocene moraines and other landforms—has many potential applications in archaeology. Maximum-diameter lichenometry can suggest ages for features that were initially lichen-free, such as the moai of Easter Island, and rock surfaces exposed by toolstone quarrying. Size-frequency analysis can provide dates for structures built of lichen-covered rocks, such as game-drive walls and blinds, meat caches, and tent rings. Both methods require local calibration curves, best constructed by measuring lichens on substrata of known exposure age. Most

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PHILLIPS, F. M., B. D. LEAVY, N. O. JANNIK, D. ELMORE, and P. W. KUBIK. "The Accumulation of Cosmogenic Chlorine-36 in Rocks: a Method for Surface Exposure Dating." Science 231, no. 4733 (1986): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4733.41.

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Applegate, P. J., N. M. Urban, K. Keller, and R. B. Alley. "Modeling the statistical distributions of cosmogenic exposure dates from moraines." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 2, no. 2 (2009): 1407–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-2-1407-2009.

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Abstract. Cosmogenic exposure dating provides a method for estimating the ages of glacial moraines deposited in the last ~105 years. Cosmic rays break atoms in surface rocks at predictable rates. Thus, the ages of moraines are directly related to the concentrations of cosmic ray-produced nuclides in rocks on the moraine surfaces, under ideal circumstances. However, many geomorphic processes may interfere with cosmogenic exposure dating. Because of these processes, boulders sometimes arrive at the moraines with preexisting concentrations of cosmogenic nuclides, or else the boulders are partly s

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Jull, A. J. T., Amy E. Wilson, George S. Burr, Laurence J. Toolin, and Douglas J. Donahue. "Measurements of Cosmogenic 14C Produced by Spallation in High-Altitude Rocks." Radiocarbon 34, no. 3 (1992): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220006402x.

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The production of radioisotopes at the Earth's surface by cosmic-ray effects has been discussed for many years. Only in the past few years, with the higher sensitivity provided by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in detecting 10Be, 26A1 and 36Cl, have the radioisotopes produced in this way been measured. We report here our measurements of cosmogenic 14C in terrestrial rocks at high altitude, and comparisons to other exposure-dating methods.

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10

Nelson, Michelle S., Harrison J. Gray, Jack A. Johnson, Tammy M. Rittenour, James K. Feathers, and Shannon A. Mahan. "User Guide for Luminescence Sampling in Archaeological and Geological Contexts." Advances in Archaeological Practice 3, no. 2 (2015): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.3.2.166.

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AbstractLuminescence dating provides a direct age estimate of the time of last exposure of quartz or feldspar minerals to light or heat and has been successfully applied to deposits, rock surfaces, and fired materials in a number of archaeological and geological settings. Sampling strategies are diverse and can be customized depending on local circumstances, although all sediment samples need to include a light-safe sample and material for dose-rate determination. The accuracy and precision of luminescence dating results are directly related to the type and quality of the material sampled and

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11

Galli, Anna, Laura Panzeri, Paolo Rondini, Raffaella Poggiani Keller, and Marco Martini. "Luminescence Dating of Rock Surface. The Case of Monoliths from the Megalithic Sanctuary of Ossimo-Pat (Valle Camonica, Italy)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217403.

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Ossimo-Pat megalithic sanctuary (Valle Camonica, BS, Italy) is one of the most relevant archaeological findings of the southern alpine region, for the variety of its structures and the quality of its engraved monoliths. Its unique state of preservation gives the opportunity to apply the luminescence dating of the rock surface method. Here, we investigate the use of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) for dating five cobbles from the site and compare cobble-surface derived ages to quartz OSL ages from sediments and to archaeological evidences. The obtained ages confirm the archaeological st

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12

Harry, Karen G. "Cation-Ratio Dating of Varnished Artifacts: Testing the Assumptions." American Antiquity 60, no. 1 (1995): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282079.

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Dorn (1983) has proposed that changes in rock varnish chemistry can be used to date varnished artifacts. Specifically, he suggests that the varnish cation ratio, (K + Ca)/Ti, decreases as the age of the varnished surface increases. Although the method is generating significant archaeological interest, many of its underlying assumptions remain undemonstrated. This paper examines one premise of the method, that the varnishing process is regular. Data obtained from varnish distributional studies challenge this assumption and, when compared with the chemical data obtained from the same archaeologi

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13

Hearty, Paul J., and Darrell S. Kaufman. "Whole-Rock Aminostratigraphy and Quaternary Sea-Level History of the Bahamas." Quaternary Research 54, no. 2 (2000): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2164.

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The surficial geology of the tectonically stable Bahamian archipelago preserves one of the most complete records of middle to late Quaternary sea-level-highstand cycles in the world. However, with the exception of deposits from marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e, fossil corals for radiometric dating of this rich stratigraphic sequence are rare. This study utilizes the previously published, independent lithostratigraphic framework as a testing ground for amino acid racemization in whole-rock limestone samples. At least six limestone–soil couplets provide a relative age sequence of events that enc

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14

Sohbati, Reza, Andrew Murray, Mayank Jain, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, and Kristina Thomsen. "Investigating the resetting of OSL signals in rock surfaces." Geochronometria 38, no. 3 (2011): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0029-2.

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Abstract There are many examples of buried rock surfaces whose age is of interest to geologists and archaeologists. Luminescence dating is a potential method which can be applied to dating such surfaces; as part of a research project which aims to develop such an approach, the degree of resetting of OSL signals in grains and slices from five different cobbles/boulders collected from a modern beach is investigated. All the rock surfaces are presumed to have been exposed to daylight for a prolonged period of time (weeks to years). Feldspar was identified as the preferred dosimeter because quartz

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15

Ganyushkin, Dmitrii A., Sofia N. Lessovaia, Dmitrii Y. Vlasov, et al. "Application of Rock Weathering and Colonization by Biota for the Relative Dating of Moraines from the Arid Part of the Russian Altai Mountains." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080342.

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For the Altai Mountains’ region, especially the arid southeastern part of the Russian Altai, the data on glacier fluctuations in the Pleistocene and Holocene are still inconsistent. The study area was the Kargy River’s valley (2288–2387 m a.s.l.), a location that is not currently affected by glaciation and the glacial history of which is poorly studied. Field observations and geomorphological mapping were used to reveal the configuration of Pleistocene moraines. The relative dating method was applied to define the degree of weathering as an indicator of age. Three moraine groups of different a

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16

Bierman, Paul R., and Alan R. Gillespie. "Evidence Suggesting That Methods of Rock-Varnish Cation-Ratio Dating Are neither Comparable nor Consistently Reliable." Quaternary Research 41, no. 1 (1994): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1009.

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AbstractUsing samples from a prehistoric quarry site in the Mojave Desert, we tested and compared the two principal methods of rock-varnish cation-ratio dating, analysis of rock-varnish scrapings (R. I. Dorn, 1983, Quaternary Research 20, 49-73 and 1989, Physical Geography 13, 559-596) and analysis of rock varnish in situ (C. D. Harrington and J. W. Whitney, 1987, Geology 15, 967-970). Because we found no consistent relationship between the varnish cation ratio (K + Ca)/Ti, and the relative age of the varnish, neither method could be used to "cation-ratio date" the underlying chert artifacts.

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17

Burton-Johnson, Alex, Martin Black, Peter T. Fretwell, and Joseph Kaluza-Gilbert. "An automated methodology for differentiating rock from snow, clouds and sea in Antarctica from Landsat 8 imagery: a new rock outcrop map and area estimation for the entire Antarctic continent." Cryosphere 10, no. 4 (2016): 1665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1665-2016.

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Abstract. As the accuracy and sensitivity of remote-sensing satellites improve, there is an increasing demand for more accurate and updated base datasets for surveying and monitoring. However, differentiating rock outcrop from snow and ice is a particular problem in Antarctica, where extensive cloud cover and widespread shaded regions lead to classification errors. The existing rock outcrop dataset has significant georeferencing issues as well as overestimation and generalisation of rock exposure areas. The most commonly used method for automated rock and snow differentiation, the normalised d

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18

McGarvie, D. W., J. A. Stevenson, R. Burgess, H. Tuffen, and A. G. Tindle. "Volcano–ice interactions at Prestahnúkur, Iceland: rhyolite eruption during the last interglacial–glacial transition." Annals of Glaciology 45 (2007): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282453.

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AbstractPrestahnúkur is a 570m high rhyolite glaciovolcanic edifice in Iceland’s Western Rift Zone with a volume of 0.6 km3. Uniform whole rock, mineral and glass compositions suggest that Prestahnúkur was constructed during the eruption of one magma batch. Ar-Ar dating gives an age of 89± 24 ka, which implies eruption during the transition (Oxygen Isotope substages 5d to 5a) between the Eemian interglacial and the Weichselian glacial period. Prestahnu´kur is unique among published accounts of rhyolite tuyas because a base of magmatically-fragmented tephra appears to be absent. Instead, basal

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19

Wieler, Nimrod, Tali Erickson Gini, Osnat Gillor, and Roey Angel. "Microbial and geo-archaeological records reveal the growth rate, origin and composition of desert rock surface communities." Biogeosciences 18, no. 11 (2021): 3331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3331-2021.

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Abstract. Biological rock crusts (BRCs) are ubiquitous features of rock surfaces in drylands composed of slow-growing microbial assemblages. BRC presence is often correlated with rock weathering, soiling effect or mitigating geomorphic processes. However, their development rate is still unknown. In this work, we characterised and dated BRCs in an arid environment, under natural conditions, by integrating archaeological, microbiological and geological methods. To this end, we sampled rocks from a well-documented Byzantine archaeological site and the surrounding area located in the central Negev

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20

Gábris, Gy, E. Horváth, Á. Novothny, and Zs Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger. "Fluvial and aeolian landscape evolution in Hungary – results of the last 20 years research." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 1-2 (2012): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600001530.

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AbstractPresent study provides a review of the latest results on fluvial and aeolian landscape evolution in Hungary achieved by our team during the last 20 years.– The Hungarian river terrace system and its chronology was described with special emphasise on the novel threshold concept. A revised terrace system was created by the compilation of novel terrace chronology and MIS data. Evolution of river terraces was not only governed by climatic factors but tectonic ones too. Incision rate of the Danube, and uplift rate of the Transdanubian Range (TR) was around 0.1-0.3 mm/a in the marginal zones

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21

Guha, Arindam, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Komal Rani, and Kumranchat Vinod Kumar. "Emittance Spectroscopy and Broadband Thermal Remote Sensing Applied to Phosphorite and Its Utility in Geoexploration: A Study in the Parts of Rajasthan, India." Remote Sensing 11, no. 9 (2019): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091003.

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The contrast in the emissivity spectra of phosphorite and associated carbonate rock can be used as a guide to delineate phosphorite within dolomite. The thermal emissivity spectrum of phosphorite is characterized by a strong doublet emissivity feature with their absorption minima at 9 µm and 9.5 µm; whereas, host rock dolomite has relatively subdued emissivity minima at ~9 µm. Using the contrast in the emissivity spectra of phosphorite and dolomite, data obtained by the thermal bands of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor were processed to delineate ph

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22

Pérez-López, R., J. L. Giner-Robles, M. A. Rodríguez-Pascua, et al. "Lichenometric dating of coseismic rockfall related to the Great Lisbon Earthquake in 1755 affecting the archaeological site of "Tolmo de Minateda" (Spain)." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 62, no. 2 (2019): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/2019/0504.

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Dating earthquake geological effects associated with historical earthquakes gives us relevant information for estimating the seismic acceleration value experienced in the ground. Historical manuscripts describing earthquakes and its effects help to assign a seismic intensity about the ground motion. In this context, lichenometry represents a good semi-quantitative method for dating exposed rock surfaces related to earthquake phenomena. In this work, we have carried out a lichenometry analysis for dating a large rockfall located 700 km from the epicentre of the Great Lisbon Earthquake, which oc

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23

Dorn, Ronald I. "Necrogeomorphology and the life expectancy of desert bedrock landforms." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 5 (2018): 566–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795839.

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This paper presents the first estimates for the life expectancy of the very surface of bedrock desert landforms, such as bornhardts, cliff faces, fault scarp, inselbergs, ridge crests, and slickrock. The correlative dating method of varnish microlaminations yields minimum ages for the timing of the last spalling event caused by the physical weathering process of dirt cracking. Minimum percentage of a bedrock surface spalled per thousand years is a metric that can be estimated using multiple varnish lamination ages. Understanding rates of surface spalling provides a quantitative measure of Gilb

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24

Hanlon, William. "Telescope Array Hybrid Composition and Auger-TA Composition Comparison." EPJ Web of Conferences 208 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920802001.

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Telescope Array (TA) has completed analysis of nearly nine years of data measuring the atmospheric depth of air shower maximum (Xmax) utilizing the TA surface detector array and the Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detector stations. By using both the surface array and the fluorescence detector, the geometry and arrival time of air showers can be measured very precisely providing good resolution in determining Xmax. Xmax is directly related to the air shower primary particle mass and is therefore important for understanding the composition of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs).

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25

Janots, Emilie, Alexis Grand'Homme, Matthias Bernet, et al. "Geochronological and thermometric evidence of unusually hot fluids in an Alpine fissure of Lauzière granite (Belledonne, Western Alps)." Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (2019): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-211-2019.

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Abstract. A multi-method investigation into Lauzière granite, located in the external Belledonne massif of the French Alps, reveals unusually hot hydrothermal conditions in vertical open fractures (Alpine-type clefts). The host-rock granite shows sub-vertical mylonitic microstructures and partial retrogression at temperatures of < 400 ∘C during Alpine tectonometamorphism. Novel zircon fission-track (ZFT) data in the granite give ages at 16.3 ± 1.9 and 14.3 ± 1.6 Ma, confirming that Alpine metamorphism was high enough to reset the pre-Alpine cooling ages and that the Lauzière granite had alr

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26

Liu, Chuanpeng, Wenjie Shi, Junhao Wei, et al. "Genesis of the Late Cretaceous Longquanzhan Gold Deposit in the Central Tan-Lu Fault Zone, Shandong Province, China: Constraints from Noble Gas and Sulfur Isotopes." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030250.

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The Longquanzhan deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in the Yi-Shu fault zone (central section of the Tan-Lu fault zone) in Shandong Province, China. It is an altered-rock type gold deposit in which ore bodies mainly occur at the contact zone between the overlying Cretaceous rocks and the underlying Neoarchean gneissic monzogranite. Shi et al. reported that this deposit formed at 96 ± 2 Ma using pyrite Rb–Sr dating method and represents a new gold mineralization event in the Shandong Province in 2014. In this paper, we present new He–Ar–S isotopic compositions to further decipher the s

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27

Statham, I., C. Golightly, and G. Treharne. "Thematic mapping of the abandoned mining hazard: a pilot study for the South Wales Coalfield." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.31.

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AbstractThe Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office jointly sponsored a South Wales Desk Study into the feasibility of producing thematic maps of the Mining subsidence risk for planners. A method was to be developed and tested for a 25 km2 Pilot Area centred on Ebbw Vale.The study was started by collecting geological and mining data for the Pilot Area and compiling this information on a map. It was then intended to prepare the mining subsidence map from this map by back analysing subsidence incidents to determine the hazardous areas. This simple approach could not be followed for tw

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Gubler, S., S. Endrizzi, S. Gruber, and R. S. Purves. "Sensitivities and uncertainties of modeled ground temperatures in mountain environments." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (2013): 791–840. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-791-2013.

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Abstract. Before operational use or for decision making, models must be validated, and the degree of trust in model outputs should be quantified. Often, model validation is performed at single locations due to the lack of spatially-distributed data. Since the analysis of parametric model uncertainties can be performed independently of observations, it is a suitable method to test the influence of environmental variability on model evaluation. In this study, the sensitivities and uncertainty of a physically-based mountain permafrost model are quantified within an artificial topography consistin

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Ahilan, S., J. J. O'Sullivan, and M. Bruen. "Influences on flood frequency distributions in Irish river catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 4 (2012): 1137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1137-2012.

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Abstract. This study explores influences on flood frequency distributions in Irish rivers. A Generalised Extreme Value (GEV) type I distribution is recommended in Ireland for estimating flood quantiles in a single site flood frequency analysis. This paper presents the findings of an investigation that identified the GEV statistical distributions that best fit the annual maximum (AM) data series extracted from 172 gauging stations of 126 rivers in Ireland. Analysis of these data was undertaken to explore hydraulic and hydro-geological factors that influence flood frequency distributions. A hier

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Bar, Neil, and Nick Barton. "Rock Slope Design using Q-slope and Geophysical Survey Data." Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, May 17, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppci.12287.

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The Q-slope method for rock slope engineering provides an empirical means of assessing the stability of excavated rock slopes in the field. It enables rock engineers and engineering geologists to make potential adjustments to slope angles as rock mass conditions become apparent during the construction of reinforcement-free road or railway cuttings and in open cast mines. Q-slope was developed by supplementing the Q-system which has been extensively used for characterizing rock exposures, drill core and underground mines and tunnels under construction for over 40 years. The Q׳ parameters (RQD,

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Laureano, Fernando V., Darryl E. Granger, Ivo Karmann, and Valdir F. Novello. "DATAÇÃO DE SOTERRAMENTO UTILIZANDO OS ISÓTOPOS COSMOGÊNICOS 10Be E 26Al: SÍNTESE METODOLÓGICA E BREVE REVISÃO DE SUAS APLICAÇÕES EM GEOCIÊNCIAS." Geonomos, December 31, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18285/geonomos.v22i2.314.

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Isótopos cosmogênicos são formados na atmosfera, na superfície e nos primeiros metros da crosta terrestre através da colisão de partículas sub-atômicas com núcleos de elementos químicos ali existentes. Entre um largo espectro de isótopos gerados 10Be e 26Al produzidos no interior do mineral quartzo podem ser utilizados para calcular o soterramento de sedimentos e superfícies geológicas previamente expostos aos raios cósmicos. Três diferentes abordagens podem ser evocadas na obtenção de idades: (i) o soterramento simples para quando há um soterramento completo das amostras (> 10m); (ii) idad

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Dados, Nour. "Anything Goes, Nothing Sticks: Radical Stillness and Archival Impulse." M/C Journal 12, no. 1 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.126.

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IntroductionThe perception of the archive as the warehouse of tradition is inflected with the notion that what it stores is also removed from the everyday, at once ancient but also irrelevant, standing still outside time. Yet, if the past is of any relevance, the archive cannot maintain a rigid fixity that does not intersect with the present. In the work of the Atlas Group, the fabrication of “archival material” reflects what Hal Foster has termed an “archival impulse” that is constructed of multiple temporalities. The Atlas Group archive interrogates forms that are at once still, excavated fr

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