Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Datation U'
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Triantafyllou, Antoine. "Évolution géodynamique d’un arc insulaire néoprotérozoïque de l’Anti -Atlas marocain : caractérisation des processus de croissance intra-océanique et d’accrétion." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4031/document.
Full textRelics of an intra-oceanic arc system are exposed in the Anti-Atlas in southern Morocco, in the Sirwa and Bou Azzer windows. Both of these areas form a highly tectonized patchwork made of a back-arc ophiolitic sequence to the north thrusted onto accreted arc complexes to the south. These arc complexes (Tachakoucht, Tazigzaout and Bougmane complexes) are made of granodioritic gneisses and amphibolites with typical oceanic arc signature and for which igneous ages range from 750 to 730 Ma. These magmas were buried, deformed and metamorphosed under MP-MT conditions in Tachakoucht (700°C - 8kbar) and HP-MT in Bougmane (750°C - 10 kbar) prior to several magmatic events dated at 700 and 650 Ma and the intrusion of hydrous basic magmas (hornblende gabbros, hornblendites) with oceanic arc signatures. This episodic magmatism strongly perturbed the thermal regime of the arc leading to the granulitization of the host rocks at different levels of the arc crust and to the genesis of intermediate to felsic magmas (granodioritic to granitic). These ones have been segregated through the crustal section intruding both stacked paleo-arc and ophiolitic remnants. This field, petrological, geochemical and geochronological study established that oceanic arc magmatism in the Anti-Atlas occurred in three flare-ups on a 120 Ma long time span (760 to 640 Ma). The growth of the arc was controlled and driven both by successive magmatic inputs and intra-oceanic tectonic thickening processes while final collision of the intraoceanic system with the West African Carton occurred later, around 630-600 Ma
Turrillot, Paul. "Fusion crustale et évolution tardi-orogénique du Domaine Sud Armoricain." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561098.
Full textGodeau, Nicolas. "Développement et application de la méthode Uranium-Plomb à la datation des carbonates diagénétiques dans les réservoirs pétroliers, et apport à la reconstruction temporelle de l'évolution des propriétés réservoir." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0149.
Full textAbsolute chronological constraints on the different events and processes that have shaped the Earth constitute a major challenge in numerous realms in Earth and Environmental sciences. In particular this is the case for sedimentary basins that play a major economic role as being source of important hydrocarbon resources. The objective of this thesis is to develop absolute uranium-lead dating methodology on secondary carbonate minerals. This ubiquitous mineral phase in petroleum reservoirs testifies their complex geodynamic and diagenetic histories. In this study, several developments were implemented in order to circumvent the limits of U-Pb methodology. Innovative analysis techniques such as laser ablation coupled with SF-ICP-MS or ion probe were tested to increase the spatial resolution of the U-Pb analysis by several orders of magnitude. These methodologies coupled to the more traditional isotope dilution was successfully applied in different oil exploration context allowing to bring absolute constraints on key diagenetic events such as creation/preservation of reservoir properties or hydrocarbon migration. The results obtained during this study allowed to draw a synthetic model of the most favorable contexts for U-Pb method and gives an overview of the U-Pb dating potential to secondary carbonates applied to petroleum reservoirs
Shao, Qingfeng. "Combined ESR/U-series dating of fossil teeth from middle Pleistocene sites in northern Europe and Mediterranean area : contributing to the chronology of the Acheulian settlement of Europe." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0027.
Full textLe couplage des méthodes de datation, basées sur la résonance de spin électronique (ESR) et sur la décroissance radioactive dans les familles de l’Uranium (U/Th), appliqué aux dents fossiles, a été de plus en plus utilisé en géochronologie au cours de ces deux dernières décennies. Des résultats ont montré que ce couplage était applicable à des sites aux contextes géologiques différents (environnements fluviaux/lacustres ou karstiques), sur une échelle de temps allant de 104 à 106 ans ; et qu’il avait un réel intérêt pour la compréhension des migrations humaines au Pléistocène, comme par l’étude de la dispersion de technologies bifaciales à l’Acheuléen. Le travail présenté ici porte principalement sur 1) l’étude théorique approfondie du couplage ESR-U/Th, afin d’en faire ressortir ces limites ; 2) le développement d’un logiciel de calcul des âges, « ESRUSAGE », qui intègre une simulation de Monte Carlo pour le calcul d’un âge donné et une estimation de l’erreur sur cet âge ; 3) la création d’un modèle d’absorption en U, nommé « AU model », qui permet la datation de dents fossiles ayant probablement subi une infiltration en uranium. Ce travail porte enfin sur l’étude géochronologique de quatre sites archéologiques majeurs : 4) Mauer, Allemagne, localité éponyme qui a donné son nom à la mandibule de Mauer, holotype de l’espèce Homo heidelbergensis ; 5) Isernia la Pineta, Italie, site ayant permit d’effectuer une étude comparative avec des datations 40Ar/39Ar ; 6) Thomas Quarry 1 Hominid Cave, Maroc, site Acheuléen daté antérieurement par OSL sur quartz et LA-MC-ICPMS sur dents d’hominidés ; 7) Qesem Cave, Israël, site ayant permit une comparaison avec des datations TL sur des silex chauffés et 230Th/234U sur des spéléothèmes. L’étude de ces quatre sites majeurs a permit de démontrer l’apport considérable dû à la création du programme « ESRUSAGE » et du modèle « AU » dans l’approche combinant deux méthodes de datations, l’ESR et la décroissance radioactive dans les familles de l’Uranium. Des études comparatives ont montré que cette approche pouvait être utilisée avec succès dans le cas de grottes datant du Pléistocène Moyen ainsi que de sites de plein air. Toutefois une limite à cette approche a été mise en évidence, occasionnée par l’évolution géochimique des sédiments et les variations dosimétriques qui peuvent en résulter. Les âges obtenus dans ce travail, à partir de l’étude géochronologique des quatre sites apparentés à la période Acheuléenne ont confirmé l’avis général, à savoir que les premiers témoignages attribuables aux Acheuléens en Europe ne remontent pas avant 700-600 ka
Martin, Laure. "Signification des âges U-Pb sur zircon dans l'histoire métamorphique de Naxos et Ikaria (Cyclades, Grèce)." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10231.
Full textThe knowledge of pressure - temperature - time paths in metamorphic rocks is necessary to the understanding of orogenic belts evolution. U-Pb method is commonly used for dating metamorphic events, but the link between metamorphic conditions and ages obtained on zircon is not straightforward. Oxygen isotopes are proposed in this study for likening zircon to garnet growth in metamorphic rocks of the Aegean domain. The study of four samples from Naxos island showed that this correlation is possible if (i) isotopic equilibrium of oxygen is reached between garnet and zircon during their formation and (ii) garnet and zircon remained in closed system for oxygen and lead after their formation. This method permitted to date the beginning of the exhumation of metamorphic rocks from Naxos between 40 and 60 Ma, and the beginning of the retrograde path between 13 and 19 Ma. The preferential formation of zircon between 40 and 60 Ma in rocks localised in schist rich zones indicate that pressure and fluid circulation are the parameters that triggered zircon formation during the metamorphism
Durand, Nicolas. "Caractérisation et datation U-Th de calcrètes formées sur socle précambrien : reconstructions paléoenvironnementales dans l'Inde péninsulaire semi-aride." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30069.
Full textCalcretes are carbonated surface continental formations particularly widespread in arid and semi-arid area which may constitute stratigraphic markers in Quaternary geology. The goal of this study was to understand the genesis of the calcretes and to constrain the timescales of their evolution by the Uranium-Thorium dating method in order to determine their potential for paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the semi-arid zone of peninsular India. We highlighted that the calcrete profiles formed on the Precambrian basement were set up in a multi-stages way by a complex evolution associating biological, colluvial and geochemical processes. The weathering of the local metamorphic rocks with Ca-rich minerals constitutes the main source of Ca. The dating of the calcretes by the U-Th systematic showed that the isochrones method was adapted for this type of impure carbonates. The ages obtained, ranging between 300 and 44 ka, for the various phases of calcretisation underline the role of the western Ghâts which lessens the effects of the SW monsoon, and allows the sustain of favourable conditions to the formation and the preservation of calcretes
Montano, Damaris. "Carbonate U-Pb dating via LA-ICPMS : insights into chronostratigraphy in lacustrine settings." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS545.
Full textLacustrine deposits are extensively investigated because they play a pivotal role as environmental recorders and host valuable economic resources. However, chronostratigraphic reconstructions in these settings are usually hampered by the scarcity of data required to establish the depositional age of the system. The prime objective of this PhD project was examining benefits and limitations of carbonate U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) dating (LAcarb) as new chronostratigraphic tool for lacustrine deposits. The second objective was to investigate the dating potential, in terms of dating success and time resolution, of various carbonate types and mineralogies with the aim to better organize future LAcarb based research. To achieve these goals, depositional (microbialites, ooids, oncoids) and early diagenetic carbonate phases of known absolute age were collected from two lacustrine settings: the Ries Crater basin (Miocene, SW Germany) and the Yacoraite formation (Fm.) from the Salta rift basin (Cretaceous-Paleogene, NW Argentina). A sedimentologic and diagenetic study based on petrography and Oxygen (O) and Carbon (C) stable isotope analysis allowed to select carbonate phases that most possibly preserved the pristine U-Pb geochemical composition and consequently inform on the timing of deposition. In the Ries Crater basin, LAcarb provided accurate ages that allowed chronostratigraphic correlations at a time resolution of the 3rd order stratigraphic sequence (0.5–5Ma). In the framework of the Yacoraite Fm., two depositional age depth model were obtained along a stratigraphic section. One derived from zircon (ash layer) geochronology (maximum depositional age depth model; MDA depth model) and the other from LAcarb (minimum depositional age depth model; MIDA depth model). The two models remarkably overlap and describe the same sedimentation rate dynamic with a time resolution between 0.9 and 2% (2σ). The revised depositional age of the Yacoraite Fm. was then integrated in a chronostratigraphic model merging biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy data from literature. Accordingly, the KPg limit was interpreted to be located in the Yacoraite Fm. whereas the two Paleocene-Eocene hyperthermals (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, PETM; early Eocene Climate Optimum, EECO) were identified in the two overlying formations. A statistical analysis was achieved based on the ages of 80 carbonate phases from the Yacoraite Fm. Microbialites provided the lowest dating success (41% ages consistent with the MDA depth model) and age precision (2σ < 10%) in contrast with lacustrine cements that yielded the highest dating success (64% ages consistent with MDA depth model) and age precision (2σ < 3%). Furthermore, calcitic phases usually provided more precise ages than dolomitic phases. The better comprehension of potentialities and limitations of LAcarb acquired in this PhD allowed to propose a workflow to build a robust depositional age depth model in lacustrine settings. Three possible perspective scenarios were introduced: 1) the study of the Ries Crater basin as analogue of paleolakes on Mars; 2) the use of LAcarb to select pristine carbonates for chronostratigraphic studies; and 3) basin scale chronostratigraphic correlations in the Yacoraite Fm
Mehidi, Nadir. "Datation de sites moustériens de Ligurie par les méthodes U/Th et RPE : Abri Mochi et Arma delle Manie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0039.
Full textThe Mochi shelter and the cave d’Arma delle Manie is two sites of Italian Ligurie. They were dated in this work by using two methods of dating: l’U/Th and the ESR. We used three supports of dating : Bones, teeth and deposit carbonates. For Mochi shelter , the layer mousterian is deposited during the isotopic stage 3 in the neighbourhoods of 48,8 ka, then we have the deposit of the layer H and G in the neighbourhood from 42,5 to 41,5 ka, then that of the layer F and E starting from the isotopic stage 2. For the cave d’Arma delle Manie, we propose the following chronology: Beginning of the filling of the cave at the end of the isotopic stage Deposit of layer VII during the isotopic stage 4 between 60 and 46 ka Deposit of layer VII and V in the medium of the isotopic stage Deposit of layer IV with the surroundings of 40 ka Deposit of layer III starting from 36 ka with 37 ka for finish towards 32 ka Deposit of layer II at the end of the isotopic stage 3,1 with approximately of 30ka. We have also to try to replace our sites dated in higher the Moustérien/Upper Paléolithic transition. In Mochi shelter , the transition was made in the neighbourhoods from 42,1 to 40 ka in the medium of the isotopic stage 3 could be done, for the cave d’Arma delle Manie, this transition had probably produced more tardily towards the isotopic stage 3,1 to roughly 30 to 32 ka
Didier, Amélie. "Comportement géochimique du chronomètre U-Th-Pb dans la monazite : approche par analyses in-situ au LA-ICP-MS." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966588.
Full textAjaja, Omar. "Datation de quelques sites moustériens de Catalogne et du Languedoc par la méthode U-Th : comparaisons avec la méthode ESR." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MNHN0017.
Full textPons-Branchu, Edwidge. "Datation haute résolution de spéléothèmes (230 Th/234 U et 226 Ra/238 U) : application aux reconstitutions environnementales autour des sites du Gard et du Meuse/Haute Marne." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30094.
Full textWe have investigated the Gard and the eastern Paris basin environmental reconstruction by using U-series dating of speleothems. The first aim of this study was to validate the high resolution U-series dating of small size samples over the recent period (0- 10 kyr) for which this method is of difficult use. For this period, we also have tested the 226 Ra dating techniques for the U/Th dated speleothem. For the whole period on which U/Th is valid, several correction methods were compared in order to take into account bias due to detrital material within these impure carbonates. These methodological investigations enabled to investigate several research axes. We discussed the origin of speleothems breaking from a Gard cave. Speleothem U/Th dating has been used for a chronological scale for the Eastern Paris basin karstification. We have shown the importance of the presence and the erosion of a non carbonated cover overlying the karstified limestone on the speleothem uranium composition. .
Airaghi, Laura. "Etude pétro-chronologique de la chaîne des Longmen Shan (Tibet oriental) : héritage géologique et implications pour la géodynamique actuelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU029/document.
Full textOne of the major challenges in Earth Sciences is understanding how the continental lithosphere deforms in convergent settings, according to which timescales. For its elevation and extension the Tibetan plateau is an ideal natural laboratory for the study of deep crustal processes in active convergent settings. The rise and thickening of the Tibetan plateau has generally been related to the only collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates during the Cenozoic. However, this interpretation has been recently put into question by apparently contrasting geophysical and geological features observed at different locations on the plateau.The aim of this PhD is to quantify the importance of the geological inheritance in the long-term and short-term deformation of an active thrust belt, focusing on the Longmen Shan orogen, the most enigmatic border of the Tibetan plateau. In the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet) the Tibetan crust is over thickened (>60 km), the tectonic activity is localized along lithospheric faults -as demonstrated by the occurrence of the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan (2008) and Mw 6.6 Lushan (2013) earthquakes- and a high topography survives despite low convergence rates measured by GPS (<3 mm/yr). These observations are hardly reconcilable in a unique model of crustal deformation, suggesting a contribution of the geological inheritance from the geological history preceding the India-Asia collision.A petro-chronological approach that combines microstructural observations, compositional mapping of major and accessory mineral phases, thermodynamic modelling, in-situ 40Ar/39Ar dating, Ar diffusion modelling and in-situ U/Pb-Th allanite dating was applied to metamorphic rocks on each side of the major faults that strike parallel to the belt. This high-resolution study shows that in garnet-bearing rocks of the internal units of the belt matrix minerals record different stages of the metamorphic path in their composition. This is due to an incomplete chemical re-equilibration explained by a variable fluid availability during metamorphism. Different stages of metamorphism and fluid-assisted reactions sequences are also recorded in the 40Ar/39Ar signal of micas and in the composition and textures of the accessory phases.The understanding of petrological processes at the small scale was combined with field observations to quantify the Mesozoic thickness of the Tibetan crust at > 30 km and to unravel a metamorphic jump of greater than 150°C across the major faults, inherited from the Mesozoic tectonics. While internal units of the belt were strongly deformed, decoupled from the basement and metamorphosed at T ~ 580-600°C (P ~11 kbar), external units were less deformed and experienced lower temperatures conditions (T < 400°C, P < 5 kbar). The partial exhumation of the crystalline basement from c. 20 km depth along the major fault (in both internal and external units) occurred at c. 120-140 Ma during a previously poorly documented tectonic event.The multi-method approach applied on a wide geographical area and on a large time interval enabled to quantify the rates and conditions of the different stages of the maturation of the belt; internal units reached the thermal relaxation at ~600°C 40 Ma after the beginning of the propagation of the orogenic load. The basement was re-activated 40 Ma later, at similar thermal conditions than its sedimentary cover. The Mesozoic geological inheritance is therefore a key element in the present structure of the belt and strongly controlled the rheological and structural state of the upper crust at the moment of the Cenozoic re-activation.The petro-chronological study of different segments of the belt showed an along-strike metamorphic segmentation of the Longmen Shan inherited from the Mesozoic. This segmentation corresponds to the present fault segmentation, underlying the potential role of inherited structure in controlling the geographic distribution of the recent earthquakes
Cros, Alexandre. "Influence des propriétés cristallochimiques de la calcite sur la diffusion de l'hélium et essai de datation (U-Th-Sm)/He de calcite filonienne et de remplissage de brèche." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719709.
Full textPirouelle, Florence. "Contribution méthodologique à la datation, par les méthodes Uranium-thorium (U-TH) et résonance de spin électronique (ESR) de sites moustériens de Ligurie, de France et de Belgique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0026.
Full textTwo geochronological methods of dating, the U-series and ESR ones, were used in order to specify the chronostratigraphical framework of several paleolithic sites located in Liguria (Italy), Wallonia (Belgium) and Burgundy (France). All these sites show levels belong to the Mousterian cultural and technological complex and several of them have delivered neandertalian human remains. The used methodology was conditioned on each studied site by the nature of available materials. The sampling of the Liguria sites of Fate and Colombo is thus exclusively constituted by stalagmitic floors. Only large mammals teeth were carried out from the Madonna dell' Arma (Ligurie) and Walou (Wallonia) caves. In the case of the Scladina cave (Wallonia), bones were analyzed, while the sampling of open-area site of San Francesco (Ligurie) was constituted in the same time of teeth, bone and fluvial sediments, from which quartz grains were extracted for ESR dating
Michel, Véronique. "Etude des influences des processus de fossilisation sur le fondement de la datation radiométrique. Application à la datation par U-Th et ESR de mâchoires (os, dent) de cervus elaphus des niveaux archéologiques de la grotte du Lazaret." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0006.
Full textRongemaille, Emmanuelle. "Application des terres rares et de la datation U/Th à l'étude des carbonates authigènes de suintements froids : exemple du delta profond du Niger." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2074.
Full textCold seeps are common features which correspond to localized sites for methane-rich fluid release. Fluid expulsions are generally associated with abundant precipitation of authigenic carbonates. In order to better constrain fluid origin and composition, this PhD presents the results of mineralogical, isotopic (d13C, d18O and 87Sr/86Sr) and geochemistry (REE) studies on authigenic carbonates from various fluid-venting features (mud volcano, diapir, and cold seep) of the Niger Delta. The d18O values of authigenic carbonates indicate that some precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with present day bottom water conditions, while others have values that are very far from the equilibrium with present day bottom water conditions. The d13C values suggest different contributions of fluids characteriez by distinct d13C signatures. The isotopic composition of strontium also reveals diverse contribution of fluids. Aragonite concretions exhibited very similar shale-normalized REE patterns that closely resembled those of anoxic pore-water in sub-surface marin sediments. The magnesian and dolomite concretions displayed a wide range of HREE patterns. Our results showed that the REE composition of carbonates controlled by the fluid composition and by changes of alkalinity. Experimental results show that there is no fractionation during the precipitation of aragonite and calcite, but as magnesium and temperature play a role in the incorporation of rare earths. Data U/Th show that pockmark is active since at least 8000 years and ther has been a recent sinking of the SMI
Hameau, Sébastien. "Datation des sites paléolithiques du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de Punung (Pacitan, Java) : Applications des méthodes ESR et U-Th aux grottes de Song Terus et Goa Tabuhan." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0027.
Full textTwo caves in Pacitan area (Java,Indonesia), Goa Tabuhan and Song Terus, rich in archaeological and palaeontological material have been studied. The application of U-series and ESR methods, combined with a study of the sedimentary filling, allows us to define a chronological framework for the geological and archaeological levels. The "Terus" lithic industry are the oldest of the Song Terus cave and are dated to 300 ky. The "Tabuhan" archaeological levels are dated from 30 to 80 ky. To apply ESR method, it was necessary to modelize the sedimentary surrounding of the sample in order evaluate the external dose rate. The "Keplek" levels which contain many artefacts associated with an human burial are Holocene aged. Finally, the dating of a stalagmitic flowstone, provide evidence of Middle Pleistocene age for the karstic fillings (more than 300 ky). These results obtained indicate the possibility in this area of finding levels corresponding to the Homo erectus-Homo sapiens transition
Alexandrov, Pavel. "Géochronologie U/Pb et ⁴⁰ Ar/ ³⁹ Ar de deux segments de la chaîne varisque : le haut limousin et les pyrénées orientales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL062N.
Full textCUVELLIER, HENRI. "Etude isotopique (rb-sr et u-pb) des carbonates proterozoiques du craton sino-coreen et du brioverien de bretagne centrale : implications sur la datation directe des sequences sedimentaires." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10089.
Full textFarkh, Samer. "Contribution à la datation des niveaux moustériens de la grotte de Karaïn (Antalya, Turquie) par les méthodes des séries de l'uranium (U-Th) et la résonance de spin électronique (ESR) : méthodologie et paléoclimatologie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0015.
Full textThe Karaïn cave (Turkey) represents a hinged plate between Anatolia, the Middle East and Europe. It includes a sequence going from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Upper Palaeolithic superior. Our main aim was to date systematically geological objects by the methods of the uranium-series (U-Th) and the electronic spin resonance (ESR). The age of teeth of the big mammals determined by method ESR was refined by analysis U-Th on the total tooth. The interpretation of the total results indicates the presence of Cervidae and Bovidae between 200 ka and 30 ka. The study of a stalagmite in the upper sequences of the archaeological filling, shows than the first human presence dates from the isotopic stage 5. The results obtained on the stalagmitic concretions discovered during excavation show that their formation dates from the isotopic stages 7 and 5 except for an ancient floor contemporary of the isotopic stage 11. By analogy, travertines of Errachidia (Morocco) were studied. The contemporaneity of all these concretions validates the concept which the climatic variations are carried out on a total scale
Kahou, Steven. "Caractérisation pétro-géochimique des minéralisations cuprifères supergènes en Atacama (Nord Chili) : potentiel chronométrique U-Pb et conditions de formation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30285.
Full textSupergene copper mineralization (SCM) are nowadays the economic viability of many porphyry copper deposits worldwide. These mineralization are derived from supergene processes, defined as sulfide oxidation and leaching of ore deposits in the weathering environment, and any attendant secondary sulfide enrichment. For supergene copper mineralization to form, favorable tectonics, climate and geomorphologic conditions are required. Tectonics control the uplift needed to induce groundwater lowering and leaching of sulphides from a porphyry copper deposit. Climate controls copper leaching in the supergene environment and groundwater circulation towards the locus where supergene copper-bearing minerals precipitate. In Atacama Desert of northern Chile, SCM seem to take place during specific Tertiary climatic periods and relief formation. But many uncertainties remain regarding the genesis and the exact timing for SCM formation. We present mineralogical and chemical data on supergene copper-bearing minerals sampled from in situ and exotic SCM from two geologically and climatically distinct areas, namely the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and the Gaoua porphyry Cu-Au district in Burkina Faso. Although both areas have experienced different geological conditions, they both underwent similar geological and climatic controls to form and preserve SCM. Chrysocolla and pseudomalachite are the most common copper-bearing minerals found in SCM from the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. This led us to test the potential of both minerals as dating materials to place the SCM formation in a geochronological context. However, variation of U content from one mineral to another, common Pb contribution and the absence of matrix-matched-standard for both minerals made U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of chrysocolla and pseudomalachite challenging. A mixed approach combining texturally-controlled in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and multi-elements mapping together with SIMS oxygen isotope analyses were applied to Mina Sur, Damiana and El Cobre exotic copper deposits and the in situ SCM of the Gaoua porphyry Cu-Au district. Regardless their location, the results demonstrate the important role played by the local geological parameters on the control of the U-Pb chronometer in supergene copper minerals. Initial high U content of the porphyry source can promote U-rich supergene copper minerals as it is the case at Mina Sur. Additionally, a long-term supergene alteration will favor long term water circulation in the depositional environment which can leached U from the porphyry source and allow the formation of U-low supergene copper minerals during recent times. The promising results obtained represent a new tool to understand the physico-chemical, climatic and geological conditions that prevailed during the formation of supergene copper deposits and a proxy for their prospection around the world
Godon, Cécile. "L'érosion dans les environnements glaciaires : exemple du Glacier des Bossons (Massif du Mont-Blanc, Haute-Savoie, France)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909603.
Full textRecanati, Alice. "Thermochronométrie basse température (U-Th-Sm)/He : méthodologie et applications géodynamiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS038/document.
Full textThe first part of the thesis aims at improving the methodology and the models involved in apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology. For this purpose, we studied two geological cases: the Armorican Massif (France) and the Swiss Alps. Our work suggests that apatite helium retentivity is higher than predicted in traditional models. A statistical approach using machine learning algorithms evidences that the apatite chemical composition of grains does not influence helium retentivity. The key parameter is the parent radionuclide and the crystal damage contents. We suggest an experimental procedure in order to characterize damage in apatite at the sub-micrometer scale. In the last part of the thesis, we applied the (U-Th-Sm)/He method to the Algerian Margin. We evidenced a major denudation phase in Petite Kabylie ("Lesser Kabylia") during the Tortonian times. This phase likely corresponds to the initiation of the margin inversion, earlier than previously suggested
Gigon, Joséphine. "Dynamique du système diagénétique/hydrothermal du bassin de McArthur (Australie) : nature des fluides, datations et contraintes sur la distribution des ressources métalliques (U, Cu, Pb-Zn)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0178.
Full textThe sedimentary McArthur Basin (Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia) is associated with numerous diagenetic/hydrothermal uranium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations, including some world-class deposits (e.g., Ranger and HYC). Some deposits correspond to styles of mineralisation well defined such as unconformity-type for uranium and Sediment-Hosted Massive Sulphide (SHMS) for lead-zinc, but others are not linked to a specific type. A major mineralising event at around 1650-1600 Ma is recorded in the uranium deposits in the North (Alligator Rivers Uranium Field – ARUF) and South (Westmoreland) parts of the basin and in lead-zinc deposits in the centre (Batten Fault Zone), and accounted for the exceptional metalliferous stock of the basin. In addition, even if it has not been established that the fluids responsible for uranium and lead-zinc mineralisation share a common origin, their characteristics in terms of temperature and salinity are similar. This PhD focused on the major factors controlling metals resources distribution at a large scale in this intracratonic sedimentary basin by studying the mineralisation with a geochronological and geochemical approach, and by characterising the associated fluids in order to define its age, temperature and emplacement conditions. In addition to the major event at 1650-1600 Ma, the metallogenic history of the basin shows numerous other evidences for crystallisation or remobilisation of the metalliferous stock. Some of the fluid circulation stages are linked with geodynamic events such as basin inversions or orogeneses located a few hundreds of kilometres from the studied area. It seems that the large scale migrations of mineralising fluids (i.e., overall horizontal in the large sandstone aquifers, and vertical in the major faults zones) allowed the metal mobilisation in different reservoirs from the basin and the basement, and their selective precipitation within favourable zones
Sepulcre, Sophie. "Essais de datation absolue et reconstitutions paléoclimatiques en Mer des Caraïbes : approche multi-traceurs sur les foraminifères planctoniques et la fraction fine aragonitique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323031.
Full textsynchronisme entre le δ18O et les âges absolus de deux fractions de tailles différentes et 2) reconstruire les paléoenvironnements de la zone. La minéralogie de la fraction fine est contrôlée par les changements du niveau marin à l'échelle glaciaire-interglaciaire. Les décalages temporels entre le δ18O et le 14C des deux fractions durant la Terminaison I sont en partie expliqués par un modèle de bioturbation. Les essais de datation U/Th sur la fraction fine des Terminaisons II et V ont montré une contamination par du Th non-radiogénique, nécessitant des développements analytiques. Les reconstitutions des variations de δ18O de l'eau de mer suggèrent une diminution de la salinité de surface à la fin de la Transition Mid-Pléistocène, associée à la position de l'ITCZ au niveau de la Mer des Caraïbes.
Caquineau, Tom. "Etude géochronologique U-Pb et isotopique Lu-Hf sur zircon du groupe de Turee Creek : implications sur l’événement de grande oxygénation et les glaciations paléoprotérozoïques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC236/document.
Full textThe Archean – Proterozoic transition at 2.45 Ga is marked by major environmental changes in Earth’s history (atmosphere oxygenation and global glaciations). The origin and the relationships between these events are debated. Sedimentary sequences that record these events have been widely studied in North America (Huronian sequence) and South Africa (Transvaal). An analog sequence in the Pilbara craton in Western Australia (Turee Creek Group, TCG) contains 3 glacial horizons. 3 continental drill cores (Turee Creek Drilling Project, TCDP) were performed in order to investigate the sequence. U-Pb geochronology of monazite and zircon from drill core and surface samples allows to date the first paleoproterozoic glaciation at 2.45 Ga and a second glacial event at ~2.34 Ga. Re-Os analyses of pyrites from the second diamictite yielded an isochron at 2.31 Ga. These results enable to propose a correlation scenario of the paleoproterozoic glacial events recorded on different continents. A ‘Snowball Earth’ would have occured at 2.45 Ga at least on 5 cratons. A second glaciation could have occured at ~2.31 Ga on 4 cratons. Detrital zircons age spectrum highlights age peaks at 2.45, 2.54, 2.68, 2.82, 2.95 and 3.2 Ga. A crystal of Hadean zircon was discovered and indicate the existence of a probable differentiated crust within the Pilbara craton at 4.0 Ga. 70% of the analyzed zircons have juvenile Hf isotope composition, suggesting that the TCG incorporated volcanic material from continental large igneous provinces through the erosion of the underlying Hamersley and Fortescue groups
Ackerer, Julien. "Mécanismes et taux de dénudation d'un bassin versant élémentaire (Strengbach, France) : apport de l'étude couplée des méthodes de datation isotopique (déséquilibres U-Th-Ra, 10Be in situ) et des méthodes de modélisation hydrogéochimique (KIRMAT)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH002/document.
Full textIn this PhD work, the combination of the geochemical analytic and isotopic approaches with the modeling approaches has allowed to bring new insights to the understanding of the critical zone and the regolith. Concerning the regolith, this work presents a methodology to perform the analyses of the elemental geochemistry, of the mineralogy, as well as of the U-Th-Ra isotopes and of the in situ 10Be cosmogenic isotope along a single weathering profile. The obtained results highlight the importance of the sampling spatial resolution for an exhaustive interpretation of the U-Th-Ra and of the in situ 10Be data, especially to independently determine the key parameters of the long term regolith production and denudation rates. The two weathering profiles realized in this study furthermore show that (1) the regolith structure is relatively simple on ridge-tops and allows a continuous interpretation of the geochemical and of the mineralogical data and (2) the slope processes tend to increase the spatial heterogeneity of the regolith and of the weathering processes. In addition, the monitoring and the modeling of the surface waters allow to investigate the current weathering processes, and to understand the mechanisms involved in their recent variability. This work shows the relationship that can exist between the modifications recorded at the surface in the soil solutions and the temporal evolution of some chemical properties of the spring waters (pH, calcium concentration). The simulations also allow to understand the weak variability of the global weathering fluxes exported by the springs, in relation with the relative stability of the sodium and of the dissolved silica concentrations over the period 1990-2010. This study also demonstrates the interest of the coupling of methods providing information on the weathering and the erosion processes at different time and space scales, in particular to correctly evaluate the regolith dynamic and to position the present-day functioning of a watershed with respect to its long term evolution
Boccas, Matthieu. "Développement d’une méthode de micro-échantillonnage de terrain reposant sur un tandem LIBS-portable / Module de récupération des particules induites pour analyses élémentaires et isotopiques : Applications archéologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3038.
Full textArchaeological studies are often subject to strict preservation requirements, as samples may be valuable, fragile and/or limited in quantity. In some contexts, sampling may also need to be carried out in situ and may involve surfaces or targets that are difficult to access. Unfortunately, few methods are currently able to address all of these issues at once, and there is a real need for targeted, minimally invasive sampling methods. This is particularly the case when the analyses necessarily require the removal of material and cannot be replaced by non-destructive methods. In response to this situation, this PhD project focused on the development of a portable laser ablation field micro-sampling method designed to provide respectful sampling in a format suitable for field use and complex environments. After the development of the method, we explored its potential in the case of uranium-thorium geochronometer dating of geological samples, in particular calcite speleothems often associated with prehistoric cave art. The proposed sampling method exploits the natural laser ablation capabilities of a portable LIBS (Z300, Sciaps), the tip of which has been modified by 3D printing to incorporate a particle collection module.This combination allows to obtain on-site information directly from LIBS spectra and to collect laser-induced particles for ICP-MS analysis. We then adapted this method to the collection of micro-samples (~1mg) of calcite (mainly speleothems, but also corals) with the aim of dating them by the U/Th method. As part of this application, we also had to define a method for solubilising the particles collected by laser ablation in order to extract the isotopic information they contain. A first step of preliminary testing was then carried out and two samples (a speleothem and a coral) were successfully dated by MC-ICP-MS (nu 1700) following the conventional dating protocol for this type of analysis. We then worked on an alternative chemical preparation method using Cloud Point Extraction (CPE), which in this case allows uranium and thorium to be extracted without the constraints of the conventional preparation method, in particular the use of radioactive tracers.To this end, we have developed and optimized a CPE system for quantitative extraction of uranium and thorium isotopes, designed for 1 mg calcite micro-samples containing a maximum concentration of 2 ppm of total uranium and thorium. This method was tested by dating a set of known samples collected using the method developed for this thesis and analyzed by Q3-ICP-MS (Agilent 8900). This final study provided a proof of concept for the entire analytical protocol developed. Finally, we also explored another application for this sampling method, working on cinnabar pigments (Hg-S) used in Roman wall frescoes discovered in Pompeii. However, laser ablation of these pigments led to isotopic fractionation of the mercury, altering its isotopic signature and highlighting certain limitations of the method
Joly, Aurore. "Relations plutons et discontinuités lithosphériquesApproche pluridisciplinaire de la mise en place de plutons granitiques le long du Sillon Houiller(Massif Central Français).Apports des études de terrain et des données gravimétriques, magnétiques et ASMpour des modélisations 3D." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167514.
Full textphénomènes tardi-orogéniques se pose dans la chaîne Varisque. Dans le Massif central français, le Sillon Houiller (SH)
est une faille lithosphérique dont la cinématique et le fonctionnement anté-Stéphanien restent inconnus. Afin de mieux
appréhender le rôle du SH au cours de l' évolution post-orogénique du Massif central, une étude pluridisciplinaire a été
réalisée sur des massifs granitiques qui longeaient l' accident : analyses pétro-structurales, géochrono-logiques,
anisotropie de la susceptibilité magnétique (ASM), gravimétrie ainsi que le retraitement de données aéro-magnétiques
disponibles. Ces nouvelles données géophysiques, de terrain et de l'ASM, ont été intégrées dans des modélisations
géophysiques et géologiques, 2D et 3D, directes et inverses qui ont mis en valeur la géométrie et la mise en place de ces
plutons syn-tectoniques namuriens. Il apparaît qu' au Namurien, le SH peut être lié à la mise en place de magmas,
comme le pluton de Montmarault, ou pas, comme ceux de Glénat, Omps et Boisset. Néanmoins, au Namurien,
l' ensemble des plutons granitiques enregistre une linéation d' étirement NW-SE, perpendiculaire à l' orientation générale
du SH. Au vu des analyses structurales et cinématiques, au Namurien, le SH s' il existe, ne peut alors que se comporter
que comme une zone de dilatation NW-SE.
De, Assunção Rodrigues Mariana. "Analyse de la provenance sédimentaire des bassins du Crétacé du système Andes-Amazonie-marge équatoriale et des relations avec la paléogéographie et la tectonique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30363.
Full textThe Cretaceous is characterized by major paleogeographic, geodynamic, and climatic changes, including the formation of new oceans such as the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, the continued fragmentation of Gondwana, and greenhouse effect periods. All these changes are potentially contained in the sedimentary records of the basins. The Andes-Amazonia-Equatorial Margin system is a vast sedimentary system whose geodynamic and palaeoenvironmental evolution is recorded in the Amazonian retroarc foreland basins, the Brazilian intracratonic basins, and those of the equatorial margin. In the western part (Andean region), recent studies suggest that the onset of the Andean orogeny occurred during the Late Cretaceous, but the development of drainage systems and the source of sediments deposited during the Cretaceous are still poorly understood. The Lower Cretaceous is recorded in Brazilian intracratonic and equatorial basins and bears witness to crustal rifting phases following Gondwana's break-up. The Araripe Basin is a good example of these basins since it contains a complete and particularly well-studied sedimentary record. However, the origin of the sediments from the various tectonic stages of basin formation and the Cretaceous origin of the marine incursions that affected it remain to be determined. The aim of this thesis is to propose a palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Andes-Amazonia-Equatorial Margin system during the Cretaceous and to analyze the geodynamic and tectonic changes that affected it. To do this, we used provenance methods, in particular major and trace element geochemistry, Sm and Nd isotopic composition, and U-Pb ages on zircons. The results obtained have enabled us to identify the source zones of the Araripe Basin during the pre-, syn- and post-rift phases and thus to gain a better understanding of the palaeogeographic configuration of the north-eastern region of Brazil at the beginning of the Cretaceous. The sediments in the Araripe basin come mainly from the Palaeoproterozoic (2.3-1.6 Ga) terrains of the Borborema province and the granitic plutons of the Brasiliano cycle (720-541Ma). The basin has a sedimentary history linked to the South Atlantic and equatorial break-up phases. During the pre-rift phase (~152-135 Ma), the basin was part of the Afro-Brazilian depression and received sediments from the N-NW. During the rift phase (~135-125Ma), there was a change in source due to continental break-up and the formation of the South Atlantic, with an influx of sediments from the eastern part of the Borborema province. During the post-rift phase (121-113 Ma), the basin ceased to be fed by the eastern part and marine incursions dominated the sedimentation environment. Finally, during the post-rift II phase (113-100 Ma) a last change in sources was observed, with sources to the NE reflecting the final moment of the fragmentation of Gondwana. A study of the provenance of sediments from the basins of western Amazonia (Acre and Madre de Dios) indicates that the sources are cratonic, originating mainly from the Ventuari-Tapajos (2.0 - 1.82 Ga) and Rio Negro - Juruena (1.82 - 1.54 Ga) terrains. These results indicate that a vast intracontinental drainage network ('Sanozama') emerged in response to the uplift of the Purus Arch and the cratonic regions of Brazil and the Guianas during the opening of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The integration of the results obtained compiled with data from the literature has made it possible to propose four palaeogeographic maps of the northern part of the South American platform. They highlight how geodynamic mechanisms linked to the opening of the South Atlantic and equatorial oceans controlled and shaped the paleogeography of this region
Melleton, Jérémie. "Modalités du recyclage de la croûte continentale dans l'orogène varisque par traçage in situ des zircons hérités (mesures U -Pb/LA-MC-ICPMS)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388706.
Full textBokilo, Jean-Emmanuel. "Datation par les méthodes du déséquilibre radioactif des chaînes naturelles de U et Th des formations continentales : mobilités des isotopes chronométriques : I. Systèmes "fermés" : les formations coralliennes, corrélation avec la thermoluminescence : II. Systèmes "ouverts" : les roches altérées en milieu tropical (latérites)." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4268.
Full textMuceku, Bardhyl. "Evolution verticale des Albanides : contrôle thermique, érosion et dénudation tectonique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160801.
Full textCertains points clés pour la connaissance de l'évolution géodynamique de cette chaîne ont été éclairé par l'application de la thermochronologie de basse température (trace de fission et (U-Th)/He sur apatite et zircon), plus précisément en ce qui concerne l'histoire du refroidissement des Albanides Internes.
Un taux d'exhumation (<0,1 km/Ma) durant l'Eocène et le début de l'Oligocène caractérise la limite entre les zones externes et zones Internes. Il est probablement lié au soulèvement isostatique, conséquence de l'épaississement de la croûte près du front de chevauchement durant l'emplacement tectonique du complexe interne sur la ceinture de plis et chevauchements externe.
Dans le domaine interne le refroidissement et la surrection sont beaucoup plus récents et rapides. Les thermochronomètres (U-Th)/He et traces de fission nous ont permis de déterminer un début de la phase d'extension ~ 20 Ma. Vers 3-6 Ma, le taux d'exhumation des roches de la zone de Korabi s'est accéléré jusqu'à 1,2 km/Ma. Nous proposons que la structure actuelle symétrique des unités ophiolitique dans les Albanides Internes soit le résultat d'un régime de collapse en extension, affectant la partie oriental des ophiolites et la zone de Korabi.
Ces études montrent que la complémentarité des méthodes de thermochronologie trace de fission et (U-Th)/He est un moyen puissant de mieux contraindre l'histoire de l'exhumation d'un orogène.
Gaylor, Jonathan. "40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Late Cretaceous." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017165.
Full textFeneyrol, Julien. "Pétrologie, géochimie et genèse des gisements de tsavorite associés aux gneiss et roches calco-silicatées graphiteux de Lemshuku et Namalulu, Tanzanie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0348/document.
Full textTsavorite, a (V, Cr, Mn)-bearing green grossular, is hosted by graphitic gneisses or calc-silicates, often asssociated with dolomitic marbles, and belonging to the Metamorphic Neoproterozoic Mozambique Belt. Tsavorite is found either as nodules or in quartz veins (primary deposits), or in placers (secondary deposits). The mineralogical study of tsavorites suggests a new protocol to certificate their geographical origin, based on the V/Cr ratio, Mn content and delta18O. The study of the Lemshuku and Namalulu deposits in Tanzania has shown that the metamorphism of organic matter-rich and evaporites-rich sedimentary protoliths occurred at P = 7.0 ± 0.4 kbar and T = 677 ± 14°C, at 634 ± 22 Ma (U-Th-Pb dating on monazite). The metamorphic series cooled down at around 500 Ma (40Ar-39Ar dating on muscovite). Two metasomatic stages are linked to the formation of tsavorite : (i) diffusion metasomatism forming nodules at P = 5.0-7.4 kbar and T = 580-691°C; (ii) calcitic infiltration metasomatism forming quartz veins at P = 3.6-4.9 kbar and T = 505-587°C. These last have been dated in situ with Sm-Nd dating at 606 ± 36 Ma. Continental evaporites, deposited in a coastal marine sabkha with (Si, Ca)-bearing sediments, transformed into tsavorite in the case of the nodules, while the molten salts are associated with the formation of the quartz veins. The mineralisations are controlled by lithostratigraphy and structure
Ternois, Sébastien. "Reconstruction de la Dynamique Précoce d'un Orogène : Mise en évidence de la Transition Rifting-Collision dans le système est-pyrénéen (France) par la Géo-thermochronologie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0086/document.
Full textCollisional orogens are classically described as the result of continental accretion of proximal margins. This accretion leads to the creation of relief and to the important export of erosion products in the directly adjacent foreland basins. In this geodynamic scheme, only the least deformed pre-orogenic domains are considered. However, a growing number of geological field evidences indicate the preservation or even the reuse of structures inherited from the rifting phase preceding convergence and collision within orogens. By conducting a geo-thermochronometric study of the easternmost, inverted hyperextended Aptian-Cenomanian rift system (Agly massif, North Pyrenean Zone) and the adjacent early retroforeland (Rennes-les-Bains syncline, Aquitaine Basin), this thesis aims to describe the evolution of a distal rifted margin during the first stages of convergence, to quantify the associated source-to-sink processes and to provide temporal and paleogeographic constraints regarding the creation of the very first Pyrenean reliefs resulting from inversion of the margin. Using the zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He multi-thermochronometers, I show that the Pyrenean retro-wedge records two clear phases of orogenic cooling, Late Campanian-Maastrichtian and Ypresian-Bartonian, which I relate to early inversion of the distal rifted margin and main collision, respectively. I have thus been able to propose a crustal-scale sequentially restored model for the tectonic and thermal transition from extension to peak orogenesis in the eastern Pyrenees, which suggests that both thrusting and underplating processes contributed to early inversion of the Aptian-Cenomanian rift system. The absence of Paleocene cooling record indicates little to no erosion of the Pyrenean retro-wedge, suggesting the existence of a more easterly source area supplying early retroforeland sediments at this time. To characterize this eastern edifice, which has since been destroyed by the Oligocene-Miocene opening of the Gulf of Lion, I used in situ (U-Th)/He - U/Pb double dating on detrital zircons and show rapid denudation rates during early convergence, characteristic of early topographic growth. This work shows for the first time clearly the progressive migration of deformation from east to west by inversion of inherited structures at the beginning of Pyrenean convergence. This suggests the existence of an open domain in the east at the end of the rifting phase preceding convergence. This study highlights the role of the architecture of hyper-thinned systems in the formation of collisional orogens and confirms the close links between an orogen and its foreland basins
Sanogo, Séko. "Pegmatites lithinifères (Li-Cs-Ta) et roches plutoniques de Bougouni (Sud du Mali, Craton Ouest Africain) : approches pétrographiques, structurales, géochimiques et géochronologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR083.pdf.
Full textThe Bougouni region in southern Mali is well known for the ore body lithium-bearing pegmatites and aplites. Lithium is currently a strategic element in view of the growing need for this raw material. The lithiniferous pegmatites are thus among the most sought-after deposits for lithium.The study area, located SE of Bamako (Mali), belongs to the southern part of the West African Craton. The various rocks in this area were formed during the Birimian crustal growth events, during the Eburnean oOrogeny, between ca. 2200 and 1800 Ma. The formations encountered are metavolcano sedimentary and plutonic rocks, mostly granitoid (tonalite to two-mica monzogranite), structured in a NNE-SSW direction by the existence of large shear zones. The dykes are intrusive in these host rocks, which occur in the form of decimeter to decameter thick dykes ranging from aplitic to pegmatitic facies. The emplacement in a brittle domain coupled with the low metamorphic grade of the enclosing metasediments indicate a dyke emplacement in the upper continental crust.The Bougouni province has about 100 Li-rich dykes (Li2O > 1.00 wt% of total rock). Spodumene, the main lithium-bearing mineral phase (Li2O = 8 wt%), represents between 5 and 30 vol.% of the rock, accompanied by alkali feldspar, plagioclase, quartz and a small quantity of muscovite and biotite. In addition to, 100 Li-poor dykes (Li2O < 0.05 wt%) that are characterized by the same mineralogical assemblage as the lithium-rich dykes except for spodumene, which is replaced by garnet.Concerning geochronology, U-Pb ages on zircons for all granitoids (granodioritic to granitic facies with two micas) range between 2100 ± 14 and 2136 ± 19 Ma. These ages are in agreement with the ages of other plutonic formations ranging between 2080 and 2120 Ma on the Birimian scale. The U-Pb ages on magmatic apatites of the dykes are between 2070 - 2000 Ma. Comparison of the geochronological data with other pegmatites of the Birimian allow us to define the period ca. 2070 - 2000 Ma as the period of establishment of the pegmatitic dykes (notably the LCT family pegmatites) of the Birimian. This late- to post-Orogenic period would represent the final stage of paleoproterozoic magmatism in the Boulé-Mossi domain.Concerning major and trace elements geochemistry, the absence of a continuous geochemical evolution from granitoids to dykes does not allow to explain the pegmatitic fluids as the most evolved terms of the granitoids. This conclusion is in agreement with the geochronological data that show a much too large age difference between these formations to be genetically related. Concerning the dykes, although they are contemporaneous, the differences in geochemical signature do not allow to explain that they could have evolved from a single parent melt. However, it is very likely that the melts that gave rise to both types of dykes may have been derived from the melting of the same type of metapelitic protolith.In sum, the field, petrographic, geochronological and geochemical data do not provide a genetic link between the Bougouni dykes and granitoids. The two dyke facies are formed from two distinct melts derived from a single protolith. The difference in mineralogical and geochemical composition, particularly in Li, between the Li-rich and Li-poor dykes could be explained by the role of fluids of sedimentary origin that may have percolated and interacted with the source? host rocks and/or the pegmatitic melts, allowing the enrichment of certain fluids in mobile elements such as lithium
Richard, Maïlys. "Chronologie des occupations humaines au Pléistocène supérieur dans le Jura Souabe, Allemagne et dans les vallées de la Saône et du Rhône, France, par les méthodes de la résonance de spin électronique et des séries de l’uranium, ESR/U-Th." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0027.
Full textIn Western Europe, the Upper Pleistocene is characterized by the presence of Homo neanderthalensis during the Middle Palaeolithic, and by the arrival of Homo sapiens between 45 and 30 ka, which corresponds to the beginning of Upper Palaeolithic. The presence of Neanderthals has been documented in several sites located in the Swabian Jura (Germany) and in the Saone and Rhone valleys (France). These regions also provided among the most ancient remains attributed to Homo sapiens. The establishment of the chronological framework of seven major sites situated in these three geographical zones represents therefore a great interest in the study of this key-period for Human Evolution. For this period, the application of ESR/U-Th dating in karstic context is constrained by the measurement of low equivalent dose, due to very low uranium content in dental tissues and burial time of the fossil teeth in sediments. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the measurements of uranium content and isotopic ratios in order to calculate the dental tissues dose rates. Consequently, the annual dose depends mainly on gamma dose rate. The cosmic dose rate, whose contribution is usually low, can represent, in case of low radioactivity in the sediment, more than 40% of the annual dose rate. The results of ESR/U-Th dating are in agreement with radiocarbon ages obtained on Early Aurignacian layers in Swabian Jura, confirming the early presence of Homo sapiens in this area, as soon as 40-35 ka. The Middle Palaeolithic layers, have been dated between 100 ka et 40 ka; it suggests a persistence of the Neanderthal occupations during MIS 3 in these three regions, which could be contemporaneous with the first manifestations of Upper Palaeolithic in Western Europe
Guerin, Gwénaël. "Contraintes cinématiques et thermiques de l'évolution des "metamorphic core complexes" du SE Arizona (Santa Catalina-Rincon)." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10130.
Full textTernois, Sébastien. "Reconstruction de la Dynamique Précoce d'un Orogène : Mise en évidence de la Transition Rifting-Collision dans le système est-pyrénéen (France) par la Géo-thermochronologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0086.
Full textCollisional orogens are classically described as the result of continental accretion of proximal margins. This accretion leads to the creation of relief and to the important export of erosion products in the directly adjacent foreland basins. In this geodynamic scheme, only the least deformed pre-orogenic domains are considered. However, a growing number of geological field evidences indicate the preservation or even the reuse of structures inherited from the rifting phase preceding convergence and collision within orogens. By conducting a geo-thermochronometric study of the easternmost, inverted hyperextended Aptian-Cenomanian rift system (Agly massif, North Pyrenean Zone) and the adjacent early retroforeland (Rennes-les-Bains syncline, Aquitaine Basin), this thesis aims to describe the evolution of a distal rifted margin during the first stages of convergence, to quantify the associated source-to-sink processes and to provide temporal and paleogeographic constraints regarding the creation of the very first Pyrenean reliefs resulting from inversion of the margin. Using the zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He multi-thermochronometers, I show that the Pyrenean retro-wedge records two clear phases of orogenic cooling, Late Campanian-Maastrichtian and Ypresian-Bartonian, which I relate to early inversion of the distal rifted margin and main collision, respectively. I have thus been able to propose a crustal-scale sequentially restored model for the tectonic and thermal transition from extension to peak orogenesis in the eastern Pyrenees, which suggests that both thrusting and underplating processes contributed to early inversion of the Aptian-Cenomanian rift system. The absence of Paleocene cooling record indicates little to no erosion of the Pyrenean retro-wedge, suggesting the existence of a more easterly source area supplying early retroforeland sediments at this time. To characterize this eastern edifice, which has since been destroyed by the Oligocene-Miocene opening of the Gulf of Lion, I used in situ (U-Th)/He - U/Pb double dating on detrital zircons and show rapid denudation rates during early convergence, characteristic of early topographic growth. This work shows for the first time clearly the progressive migration of deformation from east to west by inversion of inherited structures at the beginning of Pyrenean convergence. This suggests the existence of an open domain in the east at the end of the rifting phase preceding convergence. This study highlights the role of the architecture of hyper-thinned systems in the formation of collisional orogens and confirms the close links between an orogen and its foreland basins
Alizadeh, Noudeh Shiva. "Evolution pétrologique des séries volcaniques du massif de Talysh (Iran du NW) à la transition Caucase-Caspienne et implications géodynamiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CHAMA053.
Full textThe Cenozoic magmatism of the Central Tethyan orogenic belt, which links the tectonic zones of Iran, the South Armenian Block (lesser Caucasus), and Turkey, remains a topic of debate. This research focuses on the thick geological succession of high-K calc-alkaline shoshonitic volcanic rocks exposed in the Talysh Massif, part of the Alborz magmatic belt, northwestern Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the relatively unstudied volcanic rocks of the Talysh Massif to better constrain the geodynamic setting of magmatism during regional convergence. A comprehensive study including new field data, mineral chemistry, bulk-rock major and trace element geochemistry, isotope composition (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf), geochronology 40Ar-39Ar, and zircon U-Pb. We classify them as olivine, clinopyroxene-phyric basalts, clinopyroxene-phyric basalts, amphibole-phyric basalts, tephrites, trachy-andesites, and pyroclastic rocks. They contain multiple crystal populations, including phenocrysts, antecrysts, and xenocrysts: olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole, and re-equilibrium phlogopite, along with complex oscillatory and reverse zoning, sieve textures, and resorption textures, which suggests that the magmas stalled and differentiated in the crust prior to eruption. Olivine-clinopyroxene-phyric samples in the southern part of the study area exhibit olivine phenocrysts chemically balanced with their host rock, with a slight zoning from high-Mg# cores (Mg# = 90) to rims (Mg# = 80). Furthermore, the amphiboles, biotite 40Ar-39Ar ages of basalts, and zircon U-Pb ages of pyroclastic rocks indicate that volcanic activity took place for ~ 10 Myr (between 49 and 38 Myr). Enrichment in LILE and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti are characteristics of the Talysh lavas, which exhibit arc geochemical features. They have isotopic compositions that vary, for 87Sr/86Sr (i) from 0.7045 to 0.7066, for ɛNd(i) from ~-2.2 to +1.7, and ɛHf(i) from -2.5 to +3.6. The rocks have radiogenic lead 206Pb/204Pb ratios from 18.51 to 19.04, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.59 to 15.63, and 208Pb/204Pb from 38.67 to 39.15. The major elements of most primitive samples (MgO > 5 wt%) are comparable to those of melts obtained from low-degree (4–9%) partial melting of a spinel-garnet lherzolite with garnet:spinel ratios of 40:60 to 20:80. The results obtained from clinopyroxene-liquid geothermobarometry indicate a variety of magma reservoirs, ranging from deep levels (79–60 km) to shallower levels (2 km). The isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf, as well as the similar chondrite-normalized REE and primitive-mantle-normalized incompatible trace element patterns along thermobarometry estimates on olivine, clinopyroxene, and amphibole crystals, suggests that the mantle source is an enriched asthenospheric source, and that continental crust was mixed in during the differentiation process. The data are consistent with the partial melting of a garnet-bearing subduction-modified subcontinental mantle and interactions with a spinel-bearing mantle during magmatic ascent. This magmatic flare-up could have been triggered by an asthenosphere upwelling related to the onset of south-dipping subduction of the Transcaucasus basin. Asthenosphere flow and magmatic ascent were likely facilitated by trans-lithospheric strike-slip faults and block rotations highlighted by paleomagnetic data. A transition from calc-alkaline towards a more alkaline magmatic component with time, from south to north of the Talysh massif, suggests a slab steepening in response to roll-back in the Late Eocene. After this period, volcanism stopped in the South Talysh and significantly decreased in the North Talysh massif, where it evolved into an adakitic-type magmatism during the Late Miocene and Quaternary
Rai, Santa Man. "Les nappes de Katmandou et du Gosainkund, Himalaya du Népal central : (étude cartographique, structurale, métamorphique, géochimique et radiochronologique)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10195.
Full textBONJOUR, JEAN-LUC. "Sedimentation paleozoique initiale dans le domaine centre-armoricain (massif armoricain)." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10132.
Full textSaillard, Marianne. "Dynamique du soulèvement côtier Pléistocène des Andes centrales : Etude de l'évolution géomorphologique et datations (10Be) de séquences de terrasses marines (Sud Pérou - Nord Chili)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329922.
Full textSaillard, Marianne. "Dynamique du soulèvement côtier pléistocène des Andes centrales : étude de l'évolution géomorphologique et datations (10Be) de séquences de terrasses marines (Sud Pérou - Nord Chili)." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/431/.
Full textGeomorphic study and dating of marine terrace sequences along the coastal part of the Central Andean forearc evidence longitudinal and temporal variations in the response of the South American plate to the Nazca plate subduction during Pleistocene. The average uplift rates vary between 229 ± 40 (17. 8°S) and 696 ± 53 mm/ka (15. 33°S) along the coast. Rapid uplift periods alternate with slower uplift during the Pleistocene times. The morphologic evolution of the forearc is directly linked to active tectonic processes occurring along the subduction zone. Below a threshold in the continent-trench distance of about 100-110 km, the marine terraces are preserved and record the highest uplift rates of the whole Andean coastal front. The episodic uplift would be a result of the seismogenic zone surface variations during the Pleistocene and the related variation in the continent-trench distance
Homonnay, Emmanuelle. "Évolution tectono-métamorphique et chronologie de mise en place des unités métamorphiques du Rif interne (Maroc)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4111.
Full textThe Betic-Rif Cordillera, located in the western part of the Mediterranean, results from the convergence of the European and African plates and related subduction processes. It is therefore an exceptional site to study the processes induced by subduction dynamics. This thesis focuses on the study of the internal domain of the Rif chain. Two key areas have been selected (Ceuta and Cabo Negro) where high pressure-low temperature crustal rocks (HP-LT) (present only in Ceuta) but also low pressure-high temperature rocks (LP-HT) and ultrabasic rocks outcrop. Their tectonic significance, placement mode and ages are still heavily debated subjects. A multidisciplinary approach was developed to carry out this work, with a detailed structural and petrographic study, as well as U/Th/Pb dating on zircon, monazite and xenotime and 40Ar/39Ar on white mica. The results obtained show that: (i) at circa 29 Ma a medium pressure-high temperature metamorphism (MP-HT) affects the lower Sebtides and Ghomarides. This phase is simultaneous with a thickening of the crust and the placement of diorite sill having a geochemical signature of calc-alkaline to high-K magmatic arc. This phase is contemporaneous to the HP-LT metamorphism observed in the crustal units of the upper Sebtides (ii) at circa 21 Ma an extension phase contributes to the final exhumation of these rocks. This event is associated with a metamorphic episode developed at the boundary between Amphibolite and Greenschist facies conditions, at 400-550°C and 1-3 kbar. The quasi-contemporary emplacement of metamorphic units with radically different thermal gradients is characteristic of “paired metamorphic belts”. In this case we propose the following model: at 29 Ma, during Alpine subduction, the units of the Ghomarides and Lower Sebtides are located within the upper plate of the subduction system where the MP-HT metamorphism develops. In parallel, the HP-LT metamorphism occurs within the lower plate constituted by the upper Sebtides. Dehydration of the lower plate induces calc-alkaline magmatism in the upper plate. At 21 Ma, the slab rollback produces an extension phase creating the opening of the Alboran basin and the exhumation of the HP-LT units
Djama, Louis-Marie. "Le massif granitique de Mfoubou et le socle métamorphique de Guena (chaîne du Mayombe, Congo). Pétrologie - Géochimie - géochronologie." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10116.
Full textCannic, Sébastien. "L'évolution magmatique et tectono-métamorphique du substratum du domaine valaisan (complexe du Versoyen, Alpes occidentales) : Implications dans l'histoire alpine." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10155.
Full textEl, Bakili Asmae. "Evolution tectono-metamorphique et chronologique des unités métamorphiques du Rif interne (Beni Bousera, Nord du Maroc)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4034.
Full textLocated at the extreme tip of the western Mediterranean, the Betic-Rif orogenic system is built through a complex alpine orogenic history involving processes of subduction related to convergence between Africa and Eurasia since the Cretaceous. A remarkable discovery during the last four decades of geological investigations, has been the remains of a variscan event in the internal zones of the belt. These results underline the presence of two superimposed orogenic systems, the internal zones of the belt thus remain a privileged area to study the importance of the structural and the metamorphic heritage in the partial or total reactivation by the most recent events. This work is located in the Beni Bousera sector, where crustal and mantle rocks that form the innermost units of the chain are exposed. Based on structural and petrological analyses, U-Th-Pb dating on monazite and 40Ar-39Ar dating on micas and amphiboles. The history of the Betic-Rif belt can be summarized as it follows: 1) a HP-HT event affects the base of the internal domain at around 281 ± 3 Ma. These new petrological and geochronological data obtained in the internal Rif, are correlated with the Betics, the Kabyle, the Edough massif of Algeria, the Mauritanian, and the Appalachian belts, attesting a convergent domain during the late Carboniferous – early Permian. All of these orogenic segments are part of the North African Variscides built at the north-western margin of Gondwana in response to convergence between the later and Laurentia. 2) at around 29-26 Ma, a Barrovian to Abukuma metamorphic event affects the Sebtides (the innermost units of the chain) and interpreted as the evolution of the upper plate of a subduction zone. This alpine event is typically characterized by a prograde metamorphic path marked by heating affecting the base of the Sebtides between 26 to 22 Ma, such conditions reflect thinning and heating of the crust related to the asthenosphere upwelling due to slab roll-back. This event marks the beginning of a major extensive event. 3) In the Miocene around 22-20 Ma, the internal zones are affected by an E-W extension contemporary to the opening of the Alboran Basin in a back-arc context, and the intrusion of granitic dykes into the peridotites and crustal metamorphic units, the exhumation of the Sebtides was complete at this time. 4) From early to middle Miocène, the Betic-Rif belt acquired its arcuate geometry (the Gibraltar Arc) during the collision between the Internal and the external zones, attested by de NE-SW to E-W shortening phases across the arc. 5) more lately prior to Pliocene, the Gibraltar arc was subjected to contractional possess related to a N-S shortening phase, which drastically altered its geometry
Toteu, Sadrack-Félix. "Chronologie des grands ensembles structuraux de la région de Poli : Accretion crustale dans la chaîne panafricaine du Nord Cameroun." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10057.
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