Journal articles on the topic 'Database searching Computer programs'
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Toby, B. H., R. L. Harlow, and M. A. Holomany. "The POWDER SUITE: Computer Programs for Searching and Accessing the JCPDS-ICDD Powder Diffraction Database." Powder Diffraction 5, no. 1 (March 1990): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600015153.
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AbstractTwo new VAX/VMS computer programs are presented for accessing and searching the Powder Diffraction File (PDF) (1989) of the JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). The programs use binary mapped index files which affords rapid searches of the database. Program LOGIC permits entries in the database to be selected by chemistry, peak position or name constraints. The selected entries may be displayed, printed or graphed. The program can display or print entries from the full PDF-2 (1989) database, if on-line. Program SEARCH searches for patterns in the database which match an unknown set of peaks; the program may be optimized for a wide variety of applications including identification of component phases in mixtures. Commands may be entered to the programs in two modes. In the “novice-friendly” mode, users must answer questions to select options. However, experienced users may opt to use a concise one-line command syntax. The modes may be mixed.
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Miller, R. B., R. G. Pearson, and E. A. Wheeler. "Creation of a Large Database with Iawa Standard List Characters." IAWA Journal 8, no. 3 (1987): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001049.
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Data from the OXFORD/PRL card keys which were stored in a computerised form for the SEARCH program were converted into IAWA Standard List characters and the format for the IDENT programs to form the 'IAWAOPN' database. The characteristics of the OXFORD/ PRL card keys and the coding for the IA WA Standard List are reviewed. A computer program was written to make the initial conversion, but sub se quent editing of numerous entries was necessary on an individual basis. Some OXFORD/PRL features translated simply into IAWA/IDENT character states by converting one number to another, but the presence or absence of two or more features had to be considered for other characters. Some OXFORD/ PRL features could not be meaningfully translated into IAWA/IDENT character states. Also, many IAWA characters are coded less precisely than desirable, or had to be coded as unknowns, because the required information is not available from the card keys. Although it has limitations, which must be appreciated by its users, a large database now exists with over 3000 entries in IAWA/IDENT formal. A computer program (IAWA-SEARCH) has been developed for searching this database with a microcomputer.
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Davis, G. L., Edward F. Gilman, and Howard W. Beck. "An Electronically Based Horticultural Information Retrieval System." HortTechnology 6, no. 4 (October 1996): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.4.322.
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A large horticultural database and an electronic retrieval system for extension education programs were developed using compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) and World Wide Web (WWW) as the medium for information delivery. Object-oriented database techniques were used to organize the information. Conventional retrieval techniques including hypertext, full text searching, and expert systems were integrated into a complete package for accessing information stored in the database. A multimedia user interface was developed to provide a variety of capabilities including computer graphics and high resolution digitized images. Information for the CD-ROM was gathered from extension publications that were tagged using the standard generalized markup language (SGML)-based document markup language (International Standards Organization, 1986). Combining funds from the state legislator with grants from the USDA and other institutions, the CD-ROM system has been implemented in all 67 county extension offices in Florida and is available to the public as a for-sale CD-ROM. Public access is also available to most of the database through the WWW.
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Gilman, E. F., and H. Beck. "The CD-ROM–World Wide Web Hybrid." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 553D—553. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.553d.
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A large horticultural database and an electronic retrieval system for extension education programs were developed using compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) and World Wide Web (WWW) as the medium for information delivery. Object-oriented database techniques were used to organize the information. Conventional retrieval techniques including hypertext, full text searching, and expert systems were integrated into a complete package for accessing information stored in the database. A multimedia user interface was developed to provide a variety of capabilities, including computer graphics and high-resolution digitized images. Information for the CD-ROM was gathered from extension publications that were tagged using the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) -based document markup language (International Standards Organization, 1986). Combining funds from the state legislator with grants from the USDA, and other institutions, the CD-ROM system has been implemented in all 67 county extension offices in Florida and is available to the public as a for sale CD-ROM. Public access is also available to most of the database through the WWW.
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FANG, JIANWEN, YINGHUA DONG, TODD D. WILLIAMS, and GERALD H. LUSHINGTON. "FEATURE SELECTION IN VALIDATING MASS SPECTROMETRY DATABASE SEARCH RESULTS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 06, no. 01 (February 2008): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720008003345.
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Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with protein database searching has been widely used in protein identification. A validation procedure is generally required to reduce the number of false positives. Advanced tools using statistical and machine learning approaches may provide faster and more accurate validation than manual inspection and empirical filtering criteria. In this study, we use two feature selection algorithms based on random forest and support vector machine to identify peptide properties that can be used to improve validation models. We demonstrate that an improved model based on an optimized set of features reduces the number of false positives by 58% relative to the model which used only search engine scores, at the same sensitivity score of 0.8. In addition, we develop classification models based on the physicochemical properties and protein sequence environment of these peptides without using search engine scores. The performance of the best model based on the support vector machine algorithm is at 0.8 AUC, 0.78 accuracy, and 0.7 specificity, suggesting a reasonably accurate classification. The identified properties important to fragmentation and ionization can be either used in independent validation tools or incorporated into peptide sequencing and database search algorithms to improve existing software programs.
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Mazurenko, A. V., and N. V. Boldyrikhin. "Accelerated preprocessing in task of searching substrings in a string." Vestnik of Don State Technical University 19, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/1992-5980-2019-19-3-290-300.
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Introduction. A rapid development of the systems such as Yandex, Google, etc., has predetermined the relevance of the task of searching substrings in a string, and approaches to its solution are actively investigated. This task is used to create database management systems that support associative search. Besides, it is applicable in solving information security issues and creating antivirus programs. Algorithms of searching substring in a string are used in signature-based discovery tasks.Materials and Methods. The solution to the problem is based on the Aho-Corasick algorithm which is a typical technique of searching substrings in a string. At the same time, a new approach regarding preprocessing is employed.Research Results. The possibility of constructing the transition function and suffix references through suffix arrays and special mappings, is shown. The relationship between the prefix tree and suffix arrays was investigated, which provided the development of a fundamentally new method of constructing the transition and error functions. The results obtained enable to substantially shorten the time intervals spent on the preelection processing of a set of pattern strings when using an integer alphabet. The paper lists eight algorithms. The developed algorithms are evaluated. The results obtained are compared to the formerly known. Two theorems and eight lemmas are proved. Two examples illustrating features of the practical application of the developed preprocessing procedure are given.Discussion and Conclusions. The preprocessing procedure proposed in this paper is based on the communication between the suffix array built on the ground of a set of pattern strings and the construction of transition and error functions at the initial stages of the Aho-Corasick algorithm. This approach differs from the traditional one and requires the use of algorithms providing a suffix array in linear time. Thus, the algorithms that enable to significantly reduce the time for preprocessing of a set of pattern strings under the condition of using a certain type of alphabet in comparison to the known approach proposed in the Aho- Corasick algorithm are described. The research results presented in the paper can be used in antivirus programs that apply searching for signatures of malicious data objects in the memory of a computer system. In addition, this approach to solving the problem on searching substrings in a string will significantly speed up the operation of database management systems using associative search.
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Dayringer, Henry E., and Scott A. Sammons. "POLLUX: a program for simulated cloning, mutagenesis and database searching of DNA constructs." Bioinformatics 7, no. 2 (1991): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/7.2.161.
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Perry, Nicholas C., and Vincent J. Van Geerestein. "Database searching on the basis of three-dimensional molecular similarity using the SPERM program." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 32, no. 6 (November 1, 1992): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00010a006.
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Lee, Yoon-Hwan, Jung-Ho Park, and In-Yong Park. "Estimation of an Examinee's Ability in the Web-Based Computerized Adaptive Testing Program IRT-CAT." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 3 (November 22, 2006): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2006.3.4.
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We developed a program to estimate an examinee's ability in order to provide freely available access to a web-based computerized adaptive testing (CAT) program. We used PHP and Java Script as the program languages, PostgresSQL as the database management system on an Apache web server and Linux as the operating system. A system which allows for user input and searching within inputted items and creates tests was constructed. We performed an ability estimation on each test based on a Rasch model and 2- or 3-parametric logistic models. Our system provides an algorithm for a web-based CAT, replacing previous personal computer-based ones, and makes it possible to estimate an examinee?占퐏 ability immediately at the end of test.
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Salim Muljana, Pauline, and Tian Luo. "Factors Contributing to Student Retention in Online Learning and Recommended Strategies for Improvement: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 18 (2019): 019–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4182.
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Aim/Purpose: This systematic literature review investigates the underlying factors that influence the gap between the popularity of online learning and its completion rate. The review scope within this paper includes an observation of possible causal aspects within the non-ideal completion rates in online learning environments and an identification of recommended strategies to increase retention rates. Background: While online learning is increasingly popular, and the number of online students is steadily growing, student retention rates are significantly lower than those in the traditional environment. Despite the multitude of studies, many institutions are still searching for solutions for this matter. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on 40 studies published between 2010 and 2018. We established a set of criteria to guide the selection of eligible articles including topic relevance (aligned with the research questions), empirical studies, and publication time frame. Further steps were performed through a major database searching, abstract screening, full-text analysis, and synthesis process. Contribution: This study adds to expanding literature regarding student retention and strategies in online learning environments within the higher education setting. Findings: Revealed factors include institutional support, the level difficulty of the programs, promotion of a sense of belonging, facilitation of learning, course design, student behavioral characteristics, and demographic variables along with other personal variables. The recommended strategies identified for improving student retention are early interventions, at-all-times supports for students, effective communication, support for faculty teaching online classes, high-quality instructional feedback and strategies, guidance to foster positive behavioral characteristics, and collaboration among stakeholders to support online students. Recommendations for Practitioners: Since factors within the open systems of online learning are interrelated, we recommend a collective effort from multiple stakeholders when addressing retention issues in online learning. Recommendation for Researchers: We recommend that fellow scholars consider focusing on each influential factor and recommendation in regard to student retention in online learning environments as synthesized in this study. Findings will further enrich the literature on student retention in online learning environments. Future Research: Future research may investigate various data-mining and analytics techniques pertaining to detection and prediction of at-risk students, the efficacy of student support and faculty support programs, and ways to encourage struggling students to adopt effective strategies that potentially engender positive learning behaviors.
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Ismail, Nor Azman, and Ann O'Brien. "WEB-BASED PERSONAL DIGITAL PHOTO COLLECTIONS: MULTIMODAL RETRIEVAL." IIUM Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (September 29, 2010): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v10i1.104.
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When personal photo collections get large retrieval of specific photos or sets of photos becomes difficult mainly due to the fairly primitive means by which they are organised. Commercial photo handling systems help but often have only elementary searching features. In this paper, we describe an interactive web-based photo retrieval system that enables personal digital photo users to accomplish photo browsing by using multimodal interaction. This system not only enables users to use mouse click input modalities but also speech input modality to browse their personal digital photos in the World Wide Web (WWW) environment. The prototype system and it architecture utilise web technology which was built using web programming scripting (JavaScript, XHTML, ASP, XML based mark-up language) and image database in order to achieve its objective. All prototype programs and data files including the user’s photo repository, profiles, dialogues, grammars, prompt, and retrieval engine are stored and located in the web server. Our approach also consists of human-computer speech dialogue based on photo browsing of image content by four main categories (Who? What? When? and Where?). Our user study with 20 digital photo users showed that the participants reacted positively to their experience with the system interactions.
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Сеченов, П. А., and И. А. Рыбенко. "PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 1(41) (February 28, 2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.41.1.009.
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Решается задача расчета термодинамических функций химических реакций. Создана и программно реализована база данных по термодинамическим свойствам индивидуальных веществ, на основе которой разработан модуль расчета термодинамических функций химических реакций. Алгоритм расчета основан на использовании закона Гесса. В качестве среды разработки программного продукта выбрана Visual Studio 2019 и язык программирования C#. Применен объектно-ориентированный подход и разработаны классы для хранения термодинамических параметров индивидуальных веществ; классы отображения в графической и табличной форме; класс расчета и проверки термодинамических функций. Для удобства работы пользователя с химическими реакциями реализованы функции поиска химических реакций по элементам и процедура сохранения реакции в базу данных программы. Реализован алгоритм, который учитывает правильность баланса химических элементов исходных веществ и продуктов реакции. Базу данных и программный продукт можно применять для термодинамических расчетов в металлургии, нефтепереработке, химической промышленности, переработке отходов и использовании минеральных ресурсов. Привлечение компьютерных программ для термодинамических расчетов позволит сократить время расчета и повысит его точность за счет минимизации человеческого фактора. The problem of calculating the thermodynamic functions of chemical reactions is solved. A database on the thermodynamic properties of individual substances has been created and programmatically implemented, on the basis of which a module for calculating the thermodynamic functions of chemical reactions has been developed. The calculation algorithm is based on the use of Hess' law. Visual Studio 2019 and the C# programming language were chosen as the software product development environment. An object-oriented approach has been applied and classes for storing thermodynamic parameters of individual substances have been developed; classes for displaying in graphical and tabular form; class of calculation and verification of thermodynamic functions. For the convenience of the user's work with chemical reactions, the functions of searching for chemical reactions by elements and the procedure for saving the reaction to the program database are implemented. An algorithm is implemented that takes into account the correct balance of chemical elements of the starting substances and reaction products. The database and the software product can be used for thermodynamic calculations in metallurgy, oil refining, chemical industry, waste processing and the use of mineral resources. The use of computer programs for thermodynamic calculations will reduce the calculation time and increase its accuracy by minimizing the human factor.
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R. Majeed, Hamsa, Wadhah A. Hatem, and Nidal A. Jasem. "Evaluation of Documentation System in Iraqi Construction Projects." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2021.14405.
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In Iraq, the construction industry is considered one of the main sectors that contribute strongly to the Iraqi economy. Documentation is a process of collecting documents from past and current works of corporations, then archiving and classification of information to become easy and useful for reuse in the future. The aim of this study is to investigate the reality of documentation in the Iraqi construction industry and how to improve archiving and classification of documents and how documentation can be useful used in contractor and consultant corporations. This research has been conducted through literature reviews followed by a field survey. 80 questionnaires were distributed to contractors and engineering offices. 70 useful questionnaires were received from respondents with an 87% response rate. The findings indicated that the construction projects in the Diyala governorate are applying documentation. The study found that foundations classified and updating the documents as printed and written files and computer files, but foundations lack computer programs and web models for easy archiving and discovery of documents, documentation system currently used doesn't prevent Confusing, conflict in schemas because they still used Auto CAD and paper documentation. The large number and accumulation of paper documents are also considered the most often problem in the documentation system currently used, and construction projects don't have a database for all information related to projects where, it is limited to cabinets full of paper documents, which causes a waste of time and effort when searching for any document or information related to the projects. The study recommended that companies and foundations have to increase cost and effort consumed in the documentation process, improve the owner and staff abilities in computer and web applications, assign a key person for collection and archiving project documents, establishing an internet website for companies, or using cloud applications for storage of documents and sharing information.
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Mahardika, Fitrianti, Esti Yunitasari, and Praba Rachmawati. "Systematic Review : The Effect of Intervention Rehabilitation “Computer-Based Cognitive Training Program” to Improve Cognitive Skills of Children with ADHD." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v8i2.art.p263-269.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a medical condition characterized by an inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Children with ADHD tend to be careless, irritable, difficult to gather, difficult to carry out orders so it is important to treat this condition as early as possible. The purpose of this study was to analyze studies according to computer program-based cognitive rehabilitation interventions to improve the cognitive abilities of children with ADHD on empirical studies in the last five years. Journals or articles were obtained by searching in databases indexed by Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Garuda Portal using adequate keywords. The quality assessment of the study used inclusion and exclusion criteria. The framework used to conduct the review was PICOS and the inclusion criteria used English and Indonesian journals from 2015 to 2020. The data analysis and tabulation were carried out in articles or journals. Title, abstract, full text, and methodology were assessed to determine the eligibility of the article or journal. Researchers found 15 journals that match the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and passed the study selection and quality assessment. 7 journals discuss about training-based intervention programs and 8 journals discussed the game or game-based intervention programs. The 15 journals obtained came from four continents, Asia, America, Australia, and Europe. Computer-based intervention significantly improved the cognitive abilities of children with ADHD such as concentration skills, working memory, and academic learning outcomes. Modifications need to be made, among others, to facilitate parents who can not afford compatible facilities and infrastructure. In Indonesia, the modifications that are possibly made are the daily training program compared to video games.
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Guerreiro, Mara Pereira, Leonardo Angelini, Helga Rafael Henriques, Mira El Kamali, Cristina Baixinho, João Balsa, Isa Brito Félix, et al. "Conversational Agents for Health and Well-being Across the Life Course: Protocol for an Evidence Map." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): e26680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26680.
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Background Conversational agents, which we defined as computer programs that are designed to simulate two-way human conversation by using language and are potentially supplemented with nonlanguage modalities, offer promising avenues for health interventions for different populations across the life course. There is a lack of open-access and user-friendly resources for identifying research trends and gaps and pinpointing expertise across international centers. Objective Our aim is to provide an overview of all relevant evidence on conversational agents for health and well-being across the life course. Specifically, our objectives are to identify, categorize, and synthesize—through visual formats and a searchable database—primary studies and reviews in this research field. Methods An evidence map was selected as the type of literature review to be conducted, as it optimally corresponded to our aim. We systematically searched 8 databases (MEDLINE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Scopus; the Cochrane, ACM, IEEE, and Joanna Briggs Institute databases; and Google Scholar). We will perform backward citation searching on all included studies. The first stage of a double-stage screening procedure, which was based on abstracts and titles only, was conducted by using predetermined eligibility criteria for primary studies and reviews. An operational screening procedure was developed for streamlined and consistent screening across the team. Double data extraction will be performed with previously piloted data collection forms. We will appraise systematic reviews by using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. Primary studies and reviews will be assessed separately in the analysis. Data will be synthesized through descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and subgroup analysis (if appropriate) and through high-level maps such as scatter and bubble charts. The development of the searchable database will be informed by the research questions and data extraction forms. Results As of April 2021, the literature search in the eight databases was concluded, yielding a total of 16,351 records. The first stage of screening, which was based on abstracts and titles only, resulted in the selection of 1282 records of primary studies and 151 records of reviews. These will be subjected to second-stage screening. A glossary with operational definitions for supporting the study selection and data extraction stages was drafted. The anticipated completion date is October 2021. Conclusions Our wider definition of a conversational agent and the broad scope of our evidence map will explicate trends and gaps in this field of research. Additionally, our evidence map and searchable database of studies will help researchers to avoid fragmented research efforts and wasteful redundancies. Finally, as part of the Harnessing the Power of Conversational e-Coaches for Health and Well-being Through Swiss-Portuguese Collaboration project, our work will also inform the development of an international taxonomy on conversational agents for health and well-being, thereby contributing to terminology standardization and categorization. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/26680
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Ribiero, Andreza, Margareth Afonso Torres, Marcos Alberto Piani, Maria Elisa Moraes, Jose Mauro Kutner, and Sandra Serson Rohr. "An Empiric Model for Defining A Suitable Cord Blood Inventory Size in Brazil Using an HLA Matching Computer Program." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3834.3834.
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Abstract Abstract 3834 Introduction: Umbilical cord blood represents an alternative for patients who need Hematopoietic Cell Transplants and cannot rely on identical HLA donors. The Brazilian public cord blood consortium has been operating since 2002 with six centers to date, including the Cord Blood Bank at Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil. However, currently there are no studies concerning the optimal size of a cord blood inventory in our country. It is difficult to define the inventory size due to the different possible levels of HLA compatibility and the minimum cellularity required for transplantation. Objective: To estimate the minimum number of cord blood units that should be stored in Brazil in order to adequately provide 4/6, 5/6 and 6/6 HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 matches for a significant percentage of patients who need stem cell transplantation. Methods: A computer program was developed to match HLA compatibilities between a group of 904 patients searching for unrelated stem cell transplantation and a database of over 10,500 Volunteer Unrelated Donors (VUD) and 1,018 cord blood units stored in the Albert Einstein Hospital Cord Bank. In sequence, the number of units necessary for different levels of matches was estimated. This database consisted of HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 typed with low resolution for class I and high resolution for class II. The sequence of individual units in the DATABASE was randomized in order to avoid any bias in the analyses caused by data clustering. Both groups of donors and patients came from varied ethnical backgrounds and live in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The program compared each patient phenotype with the phenotypes of database subgroups of increasing size (500 to 11,500 at 1,000 intervals). The results were then analyzed according to: a) Likelihood of finding 4/6, 5/6, 6/6 matches using at least one cord blood unit for each patient; b) Likelihood of finding at least four compatible cord units (ie, multiple) per match for each patient. Results: For a minimum 4/6 match using at least one cord blood unit, over 82% of patients were able to find suitable units within an inventory size of 1,500 cords. That percentage raised to over 95% by increasing the inventory size to 5,500 cords. The curve grew asymptotically from that point onwards. When at least four cord units were required at the same compatibility level (4/6), over 90% of patients were able to find suitable units within an inventory size of 11,500 cords With more restrictive (5/6 or 6/6) matching requirements using at least one cord blood unit, 61,3% of patients were able to find suitable unit within an inventory size of 11,500 cords. When at least four cord units with a minimum of 5/6 match were required, only 22,8% of patients will find these amount of units in a bank with 11.500 stored units. An estimate of the need of stored cord blood units based on these analyses suggests that, considering the same genetic distribution of donors, and taking into account that only 21% of the inventory of our bank would provide > 3,0×10E7 TCN for an adult or multiple cord units for an adequate cell dosage, more than 58.000 units would be necessary to find a suitable unit with 5/6 match for 61,3% of patients. Conclusions: Despite the high degree of variability of the HLA phenotype in the studied population, it was possible to find a suitable matched cord blood unit within a relatively small inventory. That finding is true only for a low HLA compatibility level. Indeed, with only 2,600 stored units, Albert Einstein's Blood Bank has already sent 70 units for transplantation, mostly for children. However, when a higher degree of compatibility and/or a higher cellularity are necessary, the number of units in the database increases drastically. This study suggests that a minimum inventory of 58,000 cord blood units would be necessary to find a suitable match for almost two thirds of the Brazilian population. Finally, it's important to mention that this study is based on a relatively small sample and should be tested in larger studies including rare phenotypes and ethnic minorities. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Preddie, Martha Ingrid. "Canadian Public Library Users are Unaware of Their Information Literacy Deficiencies as Related to Internet Use and Public Libraries are Challenged to Address These Needs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8sp7f.
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A Review of:
Julien, Heidi and Cameron Hoffman. “Information Literacy Training in Canada’s Public Libraries.” Library Quarterly 78.1 (2008): 19-41.
Objective – To examine the role of Canada’s public libraries in information literacy skills training, and to ascertain the perspectives of public library Internet users with regard to their experiences of information literacy.
Design – Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews and observations.
Setting – Five public libraries in Canada.
Subjects – Twenty-eight public library staff members and twenty-five customers.
Methods – This study constituted the second phase of a detailed examination of information literacy (IL) training in Canadian public libraries. Five public libraries located throughout Canada were selected for participation. These comprised a large central branch of a public library located in a town with a population of approximately two million, a main branch of a public library in an urban city of about one million people, a public library in a town with a population of about 75,000, a library in a town of 900 people and a public library located in the community center of a Canadian First Nations reserve that housed a population of less than 100 persons. After notifying customers via signage posted in the vicinity of computers and Internet access areas, the researchers observed each patron as they accessed the Internet via library computers. Observations focused on the general physical environment of the Internet access stations, customer activities and use of the Internet, as well as the nature and degree of customer interactions with each other and with staff. Photographs were also taken and observations were recorded via field notes. The former were analyzed via qualitative content analysis while quantitative analysis was applied to the observations.
Additionally, each observed participant was interviewed immediately following Internet use. Interview questions focused on a range of issues including the reasons why customers used the Internet in public libraries, customers’ perceptions about their level of information literacy and their feelings with regard to being information literate, the nature of their exposure to IL training, the benefits they derived from such training, and their desire for further training. Public service librarians and other staff were also interviewed in a similar manner. These questions sought to ascertain staff views on the role of the public library with regard to IL training; perceptions of the need for and expected outcomes of such training; as well as the current situation pertinent to the provision of IL skills training in their respective libraries in terms of staff competencies, resource allocation, and the forms of training and evaluation. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were interpreted via qualitative content analysis through the use of NVivo software.
Main Results – Men were more frequent users of public library computers than women, outnumbering them by a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 3.4:1. Customers appeared to be mostly under the age of 30 and of diverse ethnicities. The average income of interviewed customers was less than the Canadian average.
The site observations revealed that customers were seen using the Internet mainly for the purposes of communication (e.g., e-mail, instant messaging, online dating services). Such use was observed 78 times in four of the libraries. Entertainment accounted for 43 observations in all five sites and comprised activities such as online games, music videos, and movie listings. Twenty-eight observations involved business/financial uses (e.g., online shopping, exploration of investment sites, online banking). The use of search engines (25 observations), news information (23), foreign language and forum websites (21), and word processing were less frequently observed. Notably, there were only 20 observed library-specific uses (e.g., searching online catalogues, online database and library websites). Customers reported that they used the Internet mainly for general web searching and for e-mail.
It was also observed that in general the physical environment was not conducive to computer use due to uncomfortable or absent seating and a lack of privacy. Additionally, only two sites had areas specifically designated for IL instruction.
Of the 25 respondents, 19 reported at least five years experience with the Internet, 9 of whom cited experience of 10 years or more. Self-reported confidence with the Internet was high: 16 individuals claimed to be very confident, 7 somewhat confident, and only 2 lacking in confidence. There was a weak positive correlation between years of use and individuals’ reported levels of confidence.
Customers reported interest in improving computer literacy (e.g., keyboarding ability) and IL skills (ability to use more sources of information). Some expressed a desire “to improve certain personal attitudes” (30), such as patience when conducting Internet searches. When presented with the Association of College and Research Libraries’ definition of IL, 13 (52%) of those interviewed claimed to be information literate, 8 were ambivalent, and 4 admitted to being information illiterate. Those who professed to be information literate had no particular feeling about this state of being, however 10 interviewees admitted feeling positive about being able to use the Internet to retrieve information. Most of those interviewed (15) disagreed that a paucity of IL skills is a deterrent to “accessing online information efficiently and effectively” (30). Eleven reported development of information skills through self teaching, while 8 cited secondary schools or tertiary educational institutions. However, such training was more in terms of computer technology education than IL. Eleven of the participants expressed a desire for additional IL training, 5 of whom indicated a preference for the public library to supply such training. Customers identified face-to-face, rather than online, as the ideal training format. Four interviewees identified time as the main barrier to Internet use and online access.
As regards library staff, 22 (78.6%) of those interviewed posited IL training as an important role for public libraries. Many stated that customers had been asking for formal IL sessions with interest in training related to use of the catalogue, databases, and productivity software, as well as searching the web. Two roles were identified in the context of the public librarian as a provider of IL: “library staff as teachers/agents of empowerment and library staff as ‘public parents’” (32). The former was defined as supporting independent, lifelong learning through the provision of IL skills, and the latter encompassing assistance, guidance, problem solving, and filtering of unsuitable content.
Staff identified challenges to IL training as societal challenges (e.g., need for customers to be able to evaluate information provided by the media, the public library’s role in reducing the digital divide), institutional (e.g., marketing of IL programs, staff constraints, lack of budget for IL training), infrastructural (e.g., limited space, poor Internet access in library buildings) and pedagogical challenges, such as differing views pertinent to the philosophy of IL, as well as the low levels of IL training to which Canadian students at all levels had been previously exposed.
Despite these challenges library staff acknowledged positive outcomes resulting from IL training in terms of customers achieving a higher level of computer literacy, becoming more skillful at searching, and being able to use a variety of information sources. Affective benefits were also apparent such as increased independence and willingness to learn. Library staff also identified life expanding outcomes, such as the use of IL skills to procure employment.
In contrast to customer self-perception, library staff expressed that customers’ IL skills were low, and that this resulted in their avoidance of “higher-level online research” and the inability to “determine appropriate information sources” (36). Several librarians highlighted customers’ incapacity to perform simple activities such as opening an email account. Library staff also alluded to customer’s reluctance to ask them for help.
Libraries in the study offered a wide range of training. All provided informal, personalized training as needed. Formal IL sessions on searching the catalogue, online searching, and basic computer skills were conducted by the three bigger libraries. A mix of librarians and paraprofessional staff provided the training in these libraries. However, due to a lack of professional staff, the two smaller libraries offered periodic workshops facilitated by regional librarians.
All the libraries lacked a defined training budget. Nonetheless, the largest urban library was well-positioned to offer IL training as it had a training coordinator, a training of trainers program, as well as technologically-equipped training spaces. The other libraries in this study provided no training of trainers programs and varied in terms of the adequacy of spaces allocated for the purpose of training. The libraries also varied in terms of the importance placed on the evaluation of IL training. At the largest library evaluation forms were used to improve training initiatives, while at the small town library “evaluations were done anecdotally” (38).
Conclusion – While Internet access is available and utilized by a wide cross section of the population, IL skills are being developed informally and not through formal training offered by public libraries. Canadian public libraries need to work to improve information literacy skills by offering and promoting formal IL training programs.
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Kendrick, Aubrey W. "Computer database searching and business librarians." Online Review 12, no. 1 (January 1988): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb024264.
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Thompson, Annie Figueroa. "Bibliographie instruction and computer database searching." Information Processing & Management 26, no. 4 (January 1990): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(90)90079-h.
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Alcock, Lindsay J. "Low Level Evidence Suggests That Librarian-Led Instruction in Evidence Based Practice is Effective Regardless of Instructional Model." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8xh3f.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Swanberg, S. M., Dennison, C. C., Farrell, A., Machel, V., Marton, C., O'Brien, K. K., … & Holyoke, A. N. (2016). Instructional methods used by health sciences librarians to teach evidence-based practice (EBP): a systematic review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 104(3), 197-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.104.3.004
Abstract
Objective – To determine both the instructional methods and their effectiveness in teaching evidence based practice (EBP) by librarians in health sciences curricula.
Design – Systematic review.
Setting – A total of 16 databases, Google Scholar, and MLA Annual Meeting abstracts.
Subjects – There were 27 studies identified through a systematic literature search.
Methods – An exhaustive list of potential articles was gathered through searching 16 online databases, Google Scholar, and MLA Annual Conference abstracts. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified to inform the literature search and determine article eligibility. Duplicates were removed and the remaining search results were divided into sets and assigned to two reviewers who screened first by title/abstract and then by full-text. A third reviewer addressed disagreement in article inclusion. Data extraction, using a validated method described by Koufogiannakis and Wiebe (2006), and critical appraisal, using the Glasgow checklist (1999), were performed concurrently.
Main Results – After removal of duplicates 30,043 articles were identified for initial title/abstract screening. Of the 637 articles assessed for full-text screening 26 articles and 1 conference proceeding ultimately met all eligibility criteria. There was no meta-analysis included in the synthesis. There were 16 articles published in library and information science journals and 10 in health sciences journals. Of those studies, 22 were conducted in the United States. A wide range of user groups was identified as participants in the studies with medical students and residents representing the highest percentage and nursing and other allied health professional programs also included. While there was variation in sample size and group allocation, the authors estimate an average of 50 participants per instructional session. Included studies represented research undertaken since the 1990s. All studies addressed at least one of the standard EBP steps including obtaining the best evidence through a literature search (27 studies), developing a clinical question (22 studies), and critical appraisal (12 studies). There were 11 studies which addressed applying evidence to clinical scenarios, and 1 study which addressed the efficacy and efficiency of the EBP process. The majority of studies indicated that literature searching was the primary focus of EBP instruction with MEDLINE being the most utilized database and Cochrane second. Other resources include databases and clinical decision support tools.
Teaching methods, including lecture, small group, computer lab, and online instruction, varied amongst the studies. There were 7 studies which employed 1 instructional method while 20 employed a combination of teaching methods. Only one study compared instructional methods and found that students obtained better scores when they received online instruction as compared with face-to-face instruction. The difference, however, was not statistically significant.
Skills assessments were conducted in most of the studies utilizing various measurements both validated and not validated. Given the variation in measurement tools a cross-study analysis was not possible. The most common assessment methods included self-reporting and pre- and post-surveys of participants’ attitudes and confidence in EBP skills.
Randomization was utilized in 10 studies, and an additional 3 studies had a “clearly defined intervention group.” There were 10 blinded studies and 15 studies utilized cohorts with pre- and post- intervention assessments. There were 25 studies which included descriptive statistics and many also included inferential statistics intended to show significance. Differences between groups were assessed with parametric measures in 9 studies and non-parametric measures in 15 studies. Good to high statistical significance on at least 1 measurement was achieved in 23 studies. Given the absence of effect sizes, the level of differences between study groups could not be determined.
Conclusion – Numerous pedagogical methods are used in librarian-led instruction in evidence based practice. However, there is a paucity of high level evidence and the literature suggests that no instructional method is demonstrated to be more effective than another.
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Calude, Cristian S., Sanjay Jain, Wolfgang Merkle, and Frank Stephan. "Searching for shortest and least programs." Theoretical Computer Science 807 (February 2020): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2019.10.011.
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Palvia, Prashant. "Batched searching in database organizations." Information Sciences 45, no. 1 (June 1988): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(88)90006-0.
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Bruno, Ian J., Jason C. Cole, Paul R. Edgington, Magnus Kessler, Clare F. Macrae, Patrick McCabe, Jonathan Pearson, and Robin Taylor. "New software for searching the Cambridge Structural Database and visualizing crystal structures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 58, no. 3 (May 29, 2002): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768102003324.
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Two new programs have been developed for searching the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and visualizing database entries: ConQuest and Mercury. The former is a new search interface to the CSD, the latter is a high-performance crystal-structure visualizer with extensive facilities for exploring networks of intermolecular contacts. Particular emphasis has been placed on making the programs as intuitive as possible. Both ConQuest and Mercury run under Windows and various types of Unix, including Linux.
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Ranđelović, Ivan, Bojan Jorgić, Vladimir Antić, and Miljan Hadžović. "Effects of exercise programs on upper crossed syndrome: A systematic review." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 7, no. 2 (2020): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2020-0012.
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Keeping the head in a forward position can, in the long run, cause a postural disorder termed upper crossed syndrome - UCS. Upper crossed syndrome is defined as overactivity, or tightening, of the upper trapezius, major pectoralis and levator scapulae, combined with a weakened rhomboid, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, as well as deep cervical flexors. This posture can result in neck pain, as well as upper back pain. The syndrome has been exacerbated with technological advancement, and the ever-increasing use of computers and smartphones. It affects school-age children, university students, as well as employees who work in an incorrect position or repeat the same actions throughout their working day. Physical exercise, namely, strength and stretching exercises, is one of the possible methods of correcting this postural disorder. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies to date in order to determine the effects of implementing different exercise programs on the treatment of upper crossed syndrome. The analyzed scientific papers were collected by searching online databases of electronic academic journals: Google Scholar, PubMed, Wolters Kluwer. The review focused on papers published between 2000 and 2019. Key words used for searching the databases included: upper crossed syndrome, effects, exercise program. Studies were included based on meeting the following criteria: examining the effects of different exercise programs on upper crossed syndrome, as well as on reducing neck and upper back pain, and improving functional ability. Based on the criteria set, a total of 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The final analysis established that upper crossed syndrome was affected most favorably by programs containing strength and stretching exercises, when these were administered over a 4-week period, with a minimum weekly frequency of 3 practice sessions
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Smith, Kenneth. "Infrared Microspectroscopy And Computer Library Searching." Microscopy Today 2, no. 6 (September 1994): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500066451.
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In today's FTIR market, many instrument manufacturers provide software to perform searches of computer library spectra. With the increased speed of computers running FTIR instruments, you can have the result of a computer library search in literally seconds. However, as we rely more and more on computers in the laboratory we need to keep in mind the limitations and possible areas for error in these applications.Computer library search programs calculate the difference between the sample spectrum and reference spectrum typically based on peak position and intensity. Different searching algorithms can stress one or the other. The result of a computer search is a Hit List with each hit having a hit quotient index (HQI) to indicate how close that particular spectrum matches the sample spectrum. In some programs the quotient which indicates an exact match would be 1 or 100, in others it is 0.
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Mochimaru, Masaaki, and Makiko Kouchi. "Computer searching for an anthropometric database on naltural language." Japanese journal of ergonomics 35 (1999): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.2supplement_436.
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Meadow, Charles T., Thomas T. Hewett, and Elizabeth S. Aversa. "A Computer Intermediary for Interactive Database Searching. I. Design." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, no. 5 (September 6, 2007): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630330514.
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Christiansen, Jan, and Frank Huch. "Searching for deadlocks while debugging concurrent haskell programs." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 39, no. 9 (September 19, 2004): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1016848.1016858.
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Wallace, James C., and Steven Henikoff. "PATMAT: a searching and extraction program for sequence, pattern and block queries and databases." Bioinformatics 8, no. 3 (1992): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/8.3.249.
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Chaffin, Nancy, Kevin Cullen, and George R. Jaramillo. "Cross-Database Searching: The Implementation of MetaLib." Technical Services Quarterly 22, no. 4 (July 7, 2005): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j124v22n04_03.
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MOCHIMARU, Masaaki, and Makiko KOUCHI. "Computer searching for an anthropometric database based on natural language." Japanese journal of ergonomics 35, no. 1Supplement (1999): 116a. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.1supplement_116a.
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Badia, Giovanna. "Faculty Knowledge of Information Literacy Standards Has an Impact in the Classroom." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8w03z.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To discover how faculty perceives information literacy and examine whether professors in different disciplines view and approach information literacy differently. Particularly, the study seeks to address the following questions:
• “How do faculty members define or understand information literacy? Are they familiar with existing standards such as [those from the Association of College and Research Libraries] ACRL? Does the development of a local definition of information literacy impact faculty understanding?
• How important do instructors believe information literacy to be for their students? How do they address information literacy, or expect it to be addressed within the curriculum?
• Are there disciplinary differences in faculty attitudes toward and approaches to information literacy?” (p. 227)
Design – Survey, i.e., an online questionnaire followed by interviews.
Setting – Colleges and universities in the United States.
Subjects – 834 faculty members in anthropology, the natural sciences, computer science, English literature, psychology, and political science from a sample of 50 American colleges and universities with undergraduate degree programs.
Methods – An email, containing a link to a brief online survey, was sent to 834 professors from academic institutions across the United States. Three faculty members from each department in six different disciplines from each institution were contacted. The survey contained a mix of closed and open-ended questions and could be completed in less than 10 minutes. Respondents were asked to supply their contact information if they agreed to be phoned for a follow-up interview. The interview consisted of six questions that were posed to all participants, with some changes depending on the answers given.
Main Results – Regardless of discipline, the majority of faculty members who responded to the survey thought that information literacy competencies were important for their students to master. The majority also rated their students as only “somewhat strong” in “identifying scholarly materials, identifying reliable/authoritative information, finding relevant information, citing sources properly, synthesizing information, and searching databases” (p. 229). Professors’ answers differed within different disciplines when it came to showing their own knowledge of information literacy standards, such as those of ACRL, and assessing the abilities of their students. For example, biology students’ web searching skills were rated higher than students in English literature and anthropology. When faculty were asked their opinions about who should be responsible for information literacy instruction, there was no straight answer. Many professors agreed that it is the responsibility of both faculty and librarians. Those faculty members who were knowledgeable about information literacy standards were also among the ones who included information literacy instruction in their courses and thought it was important for their students to learn.
Conclusion – According to the author, the study results show that possibilities continue to exist for librarians to be part of information literacy endeavours, but it is still up to the librarians to start and maintain conversations with faculty on this topic. Because faculty members have not yet found systematic methods for integrating information literacy into the curriculum, they might be open to librarians’ suggestions and ideas on this topic. “Perhaps the most important finding of this study is that knowledge of and familiarity with information literacy standards is more closely associated with whether faculty address information literacy in their courses than any other variable including disciplinary area” (p. 232). Therefore, it is the librarian’s responsibility to engage in discussions with faculty about information literacy.
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Minkiewicz, Piotr, Jerzy Dziuba, Anna Iwaniak, Marta Dziuba, and Magorzata Darewicz. "BIOPEP Database and Other Programs for Processing Bioactive Peptide Sequences." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.4.965.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This review presents the potential for application of computational tools in peptide science based on a sample BIOPEP database and program as well as other programs and databases available via the World Wide Web. The BIOPEP application contains a database of biologically active peptide sequences and a program enabling construction of profiles of the potential biological activity of protein fragments, calculation of quantitative descriptors as measures of the value of proteins as potential precursors of bioactive peptides, and prediction of bonds susceptible to hydrolysis by endopeptidases in a protein chain. Other bioactive and allergenic peptide sequence databases are also presented. Programs enabling the construction of binary and multiple alignments between peptide sequences, the construction of sequence motifs attributed to a given type of bioactivity, searching for potential precursors of bioactive peptides, and the prediction of sites susceptible to proteolytic cleavage in protein chains are available via the Internet as are other approaches concerning secondary structure prediction and calculation of physicochemical features based on amino acid sequence. Programs for prediction of allergenic and toxic properties have also been developed. This review explores the possibilities of cooperation between various programs.
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Keane, T. M., and T. J. Naughton. "DSEARCH: sensitive database searching using distributed computing." Bioinformatics 21, no. 8 (November 25, 2004): 1705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti163.
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Wakimoto, Diana K. "Decline in Reference Transactions with Few Questions Referred to Librarian when the Reference Desk is Staffed by a Paraprofessional." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8c039.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Dinkins, D., & Ryan, S. M. (2010). Measuring referrals: The use of paraprofessionals at the reference desk. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 36(4), 279-286.
Objective — To determine the type and percentage of questions referred to a librarian by a paraprofessional (i.e., an individual without an MLIS) staffing the reference desk, whether the percentage of referrals would decrease over time, and any consequences from having a paraprofessional rather than a librarian staffing the desk.
Design — Quantitative analysis of reference desk transaction statistics.
Setting — Reference desk at the main library of Stetson University, a private university in the United States of America with approximately 2,500 FTE (full-time equivalent) students.
Subjects — A total of 486 reference desk transactions recorded by a paraprofessional staffing the reference desk during the Fall and Spring semesters of the 2008-2009 academic year.
Methods — The first year that he worked in the Library at Stetson University, a paraprofessional recorded all reference desk transactions during his shift from 10:00am to 12:00pm, four days a week, for the Fall and Spring semesters of the 2008-2009 academic year. This paraprofessional, with computer expertise, received “relatively minimal” (p. 281) training on “reference desk policies and procedures… the use of the catalogue and the subscription databases” (p. 281). For each transaction, the paraprofessional categorized the question as “direction,” “reference,” or “machine.” He was instructed to contact a librarian if he could not answer a reference question. The paraprofessional also completed a questionnaire regarding his level of comfort answering questions and his thoughts on the training at the end of his first year of staffing the reference desk.
Main Results — In the Fall semester, 9.5% of all reference desk transactions were referred to a librarian. This decreased to 4.2% of the total transactions during the Spring semester. The percentage of reference questions referred to a librarian in the Fall semester was 21.9% and only 5.0% in the Spring semester. There was a 49.5% decrease in the number of reference desk transactions during the paraprofessional’s hours on the desk compared to the previous year when the desk was staffed by professional librarians. Overall, reference desk transactions for all hours decreased 4.1% compared to the previous year. The results from the questionnaire on his experiences at the reference desk showed that the paraprofessional was satisfied with his training, comfortable with referring questions to the librarians, did not use the print reference collection extensively, thought the “interface for searching the library’s catalogue/databases is dated at best” (p. 285), and felt that being close in age to many of the students was a disadvantage while working at the reference desk.
Conclusion — The authors concluded that staffing the reference desk with a paraprofessional was a success and that the “referrals to librarians had been made appropriately and when necessary” (p. 285). The results corroborated previous studies that showed only a “small percentage of reference desk transactions would need to be referred to a librarian” (p. 285). In part, because of the success of staffing the desk with a paraprofessional, the authors suggest that reference desk staffing configurations at academic libraries should be reevaluated. Librarians freed from duties at the physical reference desk could use this time to “develop virtual reference services” and expand information literacy programs (p. 286).
To explain the decrease in number of transactions during the paraprofessional’s time on the reference desk, the authors surmised four possibilities: patrons’ reluctance to ask questions of someone new on the desk, their dissatisfaction with the paraprofessional’s answers, the similarity in age between the paraprofessional and the “age of the student population” (p. 284), or the librarians being more conscientious in tallying every transaction. However, the authors doubted that users perceived the paraprofessional’s answers as “less satisfactory” as “patrons likely got a higher level of service on computer-related queries from the computer science-trained paraprofessional” (p. 284). Computer-related queries, coded as “machine” transactions, formed the majority of queries answered by the paraprofessional.
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Simon, F. A. "A comparison of two computer programs for searching the medical literature." Academic Medicine 63, no. 4 (April 1988): 331–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198804000-00013.
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van Brakel, Pieter A. "Teaching online searching in a LAN environment." Electronic Library 11, no. 4/5 (April 1, 1993): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045248.
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Tertiary programmes for teaching online searching consist typically of the components of an online search system, different categories of databases, overview of database hosts and their search facilities, methods to create search strategies and command languages, to name but a few. Practical experience, an integral component, is gained by searching interactively on one or more database hosts, where the emphasis is on search techniques rather than the intrinsic characteristics of the databases of the specific system. The extent of students' hands‐on experience invariably depends on the teaching unit's budget, which may preclude extensive ‘live’ exposure. However, the technical facilities and shared resources of a local area network (LAN) are likely to have a significant effect on the traditional teaching methods of online searching. It is now possible, in a LAN environment, to integrate the various information retrieval activities, for example creating and searching personal or local databases, utilising these for indexing, abstracting and thesaurus building, searching locally on CDROM databases which simulate the search facilities and command languages of commercial database hosts and, when the need arises, accessing their external ‘online’ counterparts. This article will demonstrate how the limited concept of ‘online searching’ is broadened when a LAN and local databases are utilised in the online teaching process.
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Burgess, RS. "Designing Codasyl database programs using JSP." Information and Software Technology 29, no. 3 (April 1987): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(87)90134-0.
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Liu, Pu, Dimitris K. Agrafiotis, Dmitrii N. Rassokhin, and Eric Yang. "Accelerating Chemical Database Searching Using Graphics Processing Units." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 51, no. 8 (July 13, 2011): 1807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci200164g.
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Lopez-Lezcano, Fernando. "Searching for the GRAIL." Computer Music Journal 40, no. 4 (December 2016): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00393.
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This article describes a quest for the GRAIL (Giant Radial Array for Immersive Listening), a large-scale loudspeaker system with related hardware and software control equipment. The GRAIL was developed at the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University, evolving from the need for optimal sound quality in our multichannel concerts. It is also used for teaching and research. The current GRAIL is one step in an ongoing evolutionary process, characterized by the use of off-the-shelf hardware components and custom software–based on free software languages and libraries. While developing our software, we have, as much as possible, aimed to take advantage of existing programs and utilities.
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Smith, Andrew, John-Marc Chandonia, and Steven E. Brenner. "ANDY: a general, fault-tolerant tool for database searching on computer clusters." Bioinformatics 22, no. 5 (January 5, 2006): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btk020.
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Tsantilis, Ioannis, Thomas K. Dasaklis, Christos Douligeris, and Constantinos Patsakis. "Searching Deterministic Chaotic Properties in System-Wide Vulnerability Datasets." Informatics 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8040086.
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Cybersecurity is a never-ending battle against attackers, who try to identify and exploit misconfigurations and software vulnerabilities before being patched. In this ongoing conflict, it is important to analyse the properties of the vulnerability time series to understand when information systems are more vulnerable. We study computer systems’ software vulnerabilities and probe the relevant National Vulnerability Database (NVD) time-series properties. More specifically, we show through an extensive experimental study based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database that the relevant systems software time series present significant chaotic properties. Moreover, by defining some systems based on open and closed source software, we compare their chaotic properties resulting in statistical conclusions. The contribution of this novel study is focused on the prepossessing stage of vulnerabilities time series forecasting. The strong evidence of their chaotic properties as derived by this research effort could lead to a deeper analysis to provide additional tools to their forecasting process.
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Zelensky, A., L. Cherkesova, Ye Revyakina, and D. Korochentsev. "Search for potentially dangerous constructs in the source code of the program using neural networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022111.
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Abstract This work is devoted to the study of artificial neural networks to search for potentially dangerous constructs in the source code of the program. A modification of the existing analyzer programs is proposed for a better search for vulnerabilities in software. The use of neural networks will allow programmers and analysts to find those vulnerabilities that have not yet been added to the database. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of neural networks to identify specified constructs is a more effective solution than searching through a database of vulnerabilities, since it allows you to identify not only those constructs that are in the database, but also suspicious code sections.
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Ansari, Nahav Alam, and M. Masoom Raza. "Usage of JSTOR Database Among Research Scholars in the Faculty of Social Science, Aligarh Muslim University." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 38, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.38.3.11955.
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<p>The study set out to examine the researchers’ perception towards the use JSTOR database and to explore the reasons not to use JSTOR database. The present study carried out using simple random sampling technique. The major purpose of researchers to use JSTOR was research work and article title was the most common searching techniques in simple search category. In advanced search technique field search was most common search technique followed by phrase search. Almost, all respondents found satisfied with the service of JSTOR and none was found dissatisfied/partially satisfied. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that the use of JSTOR database can be maximised, if researchers have frequent literacy programs.</p>
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Van Voorst, Jeffrey R., and Barry C. Finzel. "Searching for Likeness in a Database of Macromolecular Complexes." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 53, no. 10 (October 9, 2013): 2634–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci4002537.
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Piotrowski, Chris, and Bob Perdue. "Psychology of Computer Use: III. Accessing the Biosis Previews Database in Clinical Psychology." Psychological Reports 62, no. 3 (June 1988): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.997.
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This study investigated the efficacy of using the database BIOSIS PREVIEWS as an online retrieval tool in clinical psychology. Considering the vast information store (53 million records) of this underutilized database, the authors demonstrated the productivity of BIOSIS versus PsycINFO citation output. Several illustrated examples were offered, and the implications of the results attest to the usefulness of accessing BIOSIS as an adjunct bibliographic retrieval strategy when searching the professional literature.
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MacDougall, Iain J. A., and Renate Griffith. "Pharmacophore design and database searching for selective monoamine neurotransmitter transporter ligands." Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling 26, no. 7 (April 2008): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.10.003.
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Borisov, Alexey, and Sayaana Danilova. "Protection of personal data in databases and computer programs." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128404001.
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At the beginning of the article describes what restrictions caused the pandemic in 2020 caused by a new coronovirus infection the COVID-19. The article discusses the legitimacy of the processing of personal data using databases and programs, in particular, the problems of building, using and transmitting a database containing PD; storing PD in «cloud bases»; PD protection after database destruction. Comparative legal analysis of this institution in European and American legislation is carried out. In conclusion, it should be noted that the legislator understands the need to protect PD and is therefore taking appropriate measures to ensure the proper technical level of operators. At the end conclusions were drawn on this topic of the study.
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Gilbert, Gail. "BOOLEAN SEARCHING, DATABASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS AND PRIVATE PRESS BOOKS Or How New Technology Solved an Old Problem." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 9, no. 4 (December 1990): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.9.4.27948273.
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