Academic literature on the topic 'Database searching'

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Journal articles on the topic "Database searching"

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BRENNER, S. "Practical database searching." Trends in Biotechnology 16 (November 1998): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(98)00128-0.

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Tokizane, Soichi. "Education of Database Searching." Joho Chishiki Gakkaishi 18, no. 5 (2008): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2964/jsik.18-5-12.

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WOOD, NEIL, ROBIN PHILIPP, and JOHN COLLEY. "Online Medical Database Searching." Occupational Medicine 38, no. 3 (1988): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/38.3.73.

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LEWITTER, F. "Text-based database searching." Trends in Biotechnology 16 (November 1998): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(98)00126-7.

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ALTSCHUL, S. "Fundamentals of database searching." Trends in Biotechnology 16 (November 1998): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(98)00127-9.

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Khan, Akhtar J. "Limitations of Database Searching." Ophthalmology 97, no. 8 (August 1990): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32462-4.

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Badia, Giovanna. "Identifying “best bets” for searching in chemical engineering." Journal of Documentation 74, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-09-2016-0112.

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Purpose Performing efficient literature searches and subscribing to the most comprehensive databases for interdisciplinary fields can be challenging since the literature is typically indexed in numerous databases to different extents. Comparing databases will help information professionals make appropriate choices when teaching, literature searching, creating online subject guides, and deciding which databases to renew when faced with fiscal challenges. The purpose of this paper is to compare databases for searching the chemical engineering literature. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares journal indexing and search recall across seven databases that cover the chemical engineering literature in order to determine which database and database pair provide the most comprehensive coverage in this area. It also summarizes published, database comparison methods to aid information professionals in undertaking their own comparative assessments. Findings SciFinder, Scopus, and Web of Science, listed alphabetically, were the leading databases for searching the chemical engineering literature. SciFinder-Scopus and SciFinder-Web of Science were the top two database pairs. No single database or pair provided 100 percent complete coverage of the literature examined. Searching a second database increased the recall of results by an average of 17.6 percent. Practical implications The findings are useful since they identify “best bets” for performing an efficient search of the chemical engineering literature. Information professionals can also use the methods discussed to compare databases for any discipline or search topic. Originality/value This paper builds on the previous literature by using a dual approach to compare the coverage of the chemical engineering literature across multiple databases. To the author’s knowledge, comparing databases in the field of chemical engineering has not been reported in the literature thus far.
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Armstrong, Annie R. "Student perceptions of federated searching vs single database searching." Reference Services Review 37, no. 3 (August 14, 2009): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00907320910982785.

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Tao, Peng, and Zhou Jia-Ju. "Pharmacophore-based 3D Database Searching." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 19, no. 09 (2003): 886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20030923.

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Pisciotta, Henry. "DATABASE SEARCHING WITH GATEWAY SOFTWARE." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 4, no. 1 (April 1985): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.4.1.27947378.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Database searching"

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Unnava, Vasundhara. "Query processing in distributed database systems." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261314105.

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Nulty, William Glenn. "Geometric searching with spacefilling curves." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24520.

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Webber, Caleb Paul. "Protein sequence database searching." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619830.

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Friedman, Marc T. "Representation and optimization for data integration /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6979.

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Zhang, Hao. "Querying databases a tale of two C# approaches /." Click here for download, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com.ps2.villanova.edu/pqdweb?did=2019786971&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Sun, Jimeng. "Analysis of predictive spatio-temporal queries /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20SUN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-65). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Rehmsmeier, Marc. "Database searching with phylogenetic trees." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963977423.

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Khayundi, Peter. "A comparison of open source object-oriented database products." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/254.

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Object oriented databases have been gaining popularity over the years. Their ease of use and the advantages that they offer over relational databases have made them a popular choice amongst database administrators. Their use in previous years was restricted to business and administrative applications, but improvements in technology and the emergence of new, data-intensive applications has led to the increase in the use of object databases. This study investigates four Open Source object-oriented databases on their ability to carry out the standard database operations of storing, querying, updating and deleting database objects. Each of these databases will be timed in order to measure which is capable of performing a particular function faster than the other.
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Eom, Boyun. "Query optimization using frequent itemset mining." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010844.

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洪宜偉 and Edward Hung. "Data cube system design: an optimization problem." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222730.

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Books on the topic "Database searching"

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International Data Corporation (Canada) Ltd. The electronic information industry in Canada. [Toronto]: IDC Canada, 1988.

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Sigurdson, Jon. Electronic databases in Japan: An information resource to be reached on-line. Lund: RPI, 1986.

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De Montfort University. University Library and Enterprise Learning Initiative., ed. Training in electronic database searching. [Leicester]: De Montfort University, Library and Enterprise Learning Initiative, 1993.

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Sherman, Chris, and Chris Sherman. The Invisible Web: Uncovering information sources search engines can't see. Medford, N.J: CyberAge Books, 2001.

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East-West Online Information Meeting (1st 1984 Moscow). 1st East-West Online Information Meeting proceedings, 11-13 October 1989. Oxford: Learned Information, 1990.

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Sormunen, Eero. Search aid software packages and services: A survey prepared for NORDINFO. Helsingfors: Nordic Council for Scientific Information and Research Libraries, 1987.

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Willett, Peter. Three-dimensional chemical structure handling. Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. ISE: An integrated search environment : the manual. [Urbana, Ill.]: Coordinated Science Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1992.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Univers: The construction of an internet-wide descriptive naming system. Tucson, Ariz: Dept. of Computer Science, University of Arizona, 1990.

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Kristalʹnyĭ, B. V., and A. A. Raskina. Poisk po rubrikatoram v informat͡sionnykh massivakh: Metodicheskie rekomendat͡sii. Moskva: VINITI, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Database searching"

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Manning, Anna. "Searching Your Database." In Databases for Small Business, 173–95. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0277-7_12.

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Heard, David J. "GCG Database Searching." In Introduction to Bioinformatics, 463–87. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-335-4_28.

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Hutchins, James R. A. "Genomic Database Searching." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 225–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6622-6_10.

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Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G. "Searching Digital Libraries." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7993-3_327-2.

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Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G. "Searching Digital Libraries." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 2518–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_327.

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Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G. "Searching Digital Libraries." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 3333–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8265-9_327.

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Dasari, Surendra, and David L. Tabb. "Bioinformatics and Database Searching." In Protein and Peptide Mass Spectrometry in Drug Discovery, 231–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118116555.ch9.

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Schuler, Gregory D. "Sequence Alignment and Database Searching." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 187–214. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471223921.ch8.

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Imre, Sándor, and Ferenc Balázs. "Searching in an Unsorted Database." In Quantum Computing and Communications, 125–68. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470869048.ch7.

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Gillet, Valerie J., Geoffrey M. Downs, John D. Holliday, Michael F. Lynch, and Winfried Dethlefsen. "Searching a Full Generics Database." In Chemical Structures 2, 87–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78027-1_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Database searching"

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Draganov, Ivo R., Antoaneta A. Popova, and Lubomir L. Ivanov. "Multilingual Names Database Searching Enhancement." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2008.4775648.

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Zajic, Goran, Nenad Kojic, and Branimir Reljin. "Searching image database based on content." In 2011 19th Telecommunications Forum Telfor (TELFOR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telfor.2011.6143766.

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Su, Haw-Lih, Huei-Wen Winsom Teng, Jeff Cheng-Lung Lee, Mohammed Shkoor, Mohammad Ibrahim Ahmad Ibrahim, Mohammed Hussain S. A. Alsafran, and Saeed H. Al-meer. "NMR Spectroscopy Database and Searching System." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0242.

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NMR spectroscopy is the most important analytical technology for organic compounds and plays key role for the chemical characterizations and identifications in chemistry, pharmacy, materials science, environment, biology, and many related fields. In most cases, a NMR spectrum is compared with the known spectra to check if the sample contains a known chemical or is a new product. However, the current comparison process relayed on human beings and waste a lot of time and efforts. A new database and searching system is thus in need.
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Chairungsee, Supaporn. "Searching for Gapped Palindrome." In 2016 27th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.2016.027.

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Richling, Keith G., and Pericles A. Mitkas. "Characterization of Volume Holographic Associative Searching." In Holography. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/holography.1996.hmb.4.

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Volume holographic memories are a prime candidate for the storage of large relational databases because of their large storage capacities1 and their associative nature2,3. We have successfully used a computer-controlled angular-multiplexing photorefractive-based volume holographic memory to store database records, search through the records, and recall the information stored in the memory. In this paper we present and discuss experimental results where the memory is accessed in its associative mode.
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Hongxia, Xia, and Li Weifeng. "Distributed Database Searching System Based on Alchemi." In 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifcsta.2009.46.

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Guilfoos, B., S. Samsi, J. C. Chaves, J. Unpingco, J. Nehrbass, A. Chalker, S. Ahalt, and A. Krishnamurthy. "Web Interface for Querying/Searching RDF Database." In 2007 DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program Users Group Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcmp-ugc.2007.81.

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Kenworthy, William D. "Smarter searching for a network packet database." In 2010 16th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcc.2010.5680009.

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Powell, Allison L., James C. French, Jamie Callan, Margaret Connell, and Charles L. Viles. "The impact of database selection on distributed searching." In the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/345508.345584.

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Durmaz, Osman, and Hasan Sakir Bilge. "Fast image searching in large scale image database." In 2017 25th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2017.7960270.

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Reports on the topic "Database searching"

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Qu, Pengda, Jing Huang, Shiqi Wang, Qian Hu, Size Li, Wei Wang, Jiangyun Peng, and Xiaohu Tang. Efficacy and safety of Chinese medicinal formula containing Cortex Phellodendri for gout: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0109.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicinal formula containing Cortex Phellodendri and traditional western medicine in the treatment of gout. Information sources: The following databases will be searched on the same day: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), Weipu Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The retrieval time is from the inception of the database to May 2022. At the same time, we will retrieve other resources to make up for the shortage of electronic database, mainly searching for the clinical trial registries and grey literature about Chinese herbal decoction containing Cortex Phellodendri for gout on the corresponding website. In addition, the relevant journals, in the reference literature, will be searched and tracked.
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Kin, Eunjin, Jungyoon Choi, and Sang Yeon Min. Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines external application with Tuina in congenital muscular torticollis : A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0017.

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Review question / Objective: By 3 to 4 months of age, infants can keep their necks upright and look into both eyes horizontally. But infants with CMT have a wry neck also known as a twisted neck. Complementary therapies have been commonly used to treat CMT, such as tuina, acupuncture, herbal medicine. Among them, external application of herbal medicine is non-surgical and non-invasive inventions so it can be used widely in East Asia. This review aims to evaluate any form of external application of herbal medicines in CMT, such as cream, oil, extract, form of patch, etc. Information sources: We will electronically search the following database 4 English databases(MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), 3 Chinese databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP), Wan Fang Database), 4 Korean medical databases(Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Studies Information Service System(KISS), National Digital Science Links(NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS)) from their founding date to June 2022, without any language restrictions.
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Sandeep, Bhushan, xin Huang, and Zongwei Xiao. Analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0084.

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Review question / Objective: Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been employed in arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ASS) as an alternative novel interfacial plane block. However, its analgesic efficacy is still controversial. Whether ESPB could improve analgesic efficacy in ASS is what the current meta-analysis seeks to find out. Information sources: We searched different databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to November 29, 2022, using medical subject headings (MeSH) and free-text terms without language restrictions. The primary purpose of searching was for the selection of RCTs for meta-analysis but also to avoid unplanned duplication and compare reported review methods from other systematic reviews. The following search terms were used for the search of each database: “arthroscopic shoulder surgery”, “shoulder surgery”, “total shoulder arthroplasty”, “shoulder arthroscopy”, and “erector spinae plane block”, “erector spinae muscle”. We also searched for grey literature by supplementary hand searching.
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Zhao, Hui Yan, Sungha Kim, ChangSop Yang, and Mi Ju Son. Comparing acupoint catgut embedding and acupuncture therapies in simple obesity: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0014.

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Review question / Objective: How effective are acupoint catgut embedding therapy sole or with other treatment? Condition being studied: Simple obesity. Information sources: We will search for trials from the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cumulative index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Trials will also be searched from three Korean medical databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Science-On and KoreaMed), a Chinese database (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI]) and a Japanese database (CiNii). Ongoing trials, trials will be searched on the Clinical Trials. gov (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/). We will also check the reference lists of reviews and the retrieved articles for additional studies. All bibliographic information and articles will be managed using EndNote (X8.2; Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia). If the data of study are missing or insufficient, we will contact the corresponding authors by email.
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Zhao, Hui Yan, Sungha Kim, ChangSop Yang, and Mi Ju Son. Comparing acupoint catgut embedding and acupuncture therapies in simple obesity: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0014.

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Review question / Objective: How effective are acupoint catgut embedding therapy sole or with other treatment? Condition being studied: Simple obesity. Information sources: We will search for trials from the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cumulative index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Trials will also be searched from three Korean medical databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Science-On and KoreaMed), a Chinese database (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI]) and a Japanese database (CiNii). Ongoing trials, trials will be searched on the Clinical Trials. gov (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/). We will also check the reference lists of reviews and the retrieved articles for additional studies. All bibliographic information and articles will be managed using EndNote (X8.2; Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia). If the data of study are missing or insufficient, we will contact the corresponding authors by email.
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Parsons, David, Elisabet Nadeau, Dannylo Sousa, Magdalena Åkerfeldt, Gun Bernes, Per Hansson, Birgitta Åhman, et al. Leys from a Nordic perspective : a knowledge compilation. Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.1kvv46i0hf.

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The project involved creating a popular scientific review of the cultivation and use of leys for livestock. Target groups are the agricultural sector and industry. The project had four work packages (WP): crop production, harvest and conservation, feed value for different animals, and economy. Within each work package, search strings were developed and inclusion criteria defined, and a database for each WP developed through searching in online databases. Each selected article was assessed first on the title (include or exclude), second based on reading the abstract, and third based on reading the article. The review provides an extensive list of literature related to ley production and use, a description of the most important findings, and suggestions for future research.
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Lefebvre, Carol, and Julie Glanville. Searching for Systematic Reviews: Selecting and Searching Databases. Instats Inc., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/qn73tdvi40rkj755.

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This training event looks at the range of resources that could be searched when undertaking systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses in healthcare. Participants will learn about key features and advantages of specific databases (and key interfaces) as well as other resources and issues such as search translation. An official Instats certificate of completion and 1 ECTS equivalent point are provided at the conclusion of the training.
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Manitoba Indigenous Tuberculosis History Project (MITHP). Missing Patients Research Guide. Manitoba Indigenous Tuberculosis History Project (MITHP), Department of History, University of Winnipeg, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36939/ir.202402141551.

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This Missing Patients Research Guide contains directions for finding out more about Indigenous patients who entered tuberculosis (TB) sanatoriums and hospitals in Manitoba and never returned home. Part One of the guide presents helpful start-up information. First it explains how to gather useful details including names, dates, and locations that will help in the search as well as how to move forward with your research. Then it outlines three useful “Research Tips”: all of the various names of TB treatment hospitals in Manitoba commonly attended by Indigenous patients; instructions for undertaking database searches using keywords; and techniques for linking information between Indian Residential Schools and hospitals. Last, a “Research Case Study” demonstrates some of the techniques and challenges you may encounter when researching Vital Statistics and Indian Residential School records by looking at the lives of three TB patients, Elie Caribou, Joseph Michel, and Albert Linklater. Part Two of the guide explains how to research the location of patient burials associated with nine hospitals where Indigenous patients were treated in Manitoba, including treatment for TB: Dynevor Indian Hospital, Clearwater Lake Indian Hospital, Brandon Indian Sanatorium, Ninette Sanatorium, St. Boniface / St. Vital Sanatorium, Fort Churchill Military Hospital, Norway House Indian Hospital, Fisher River Indian Hospital and Pine Falls Indian Hospital at Fort Alexander. Some of the general research information found in Part One is repeated under the individual hospitals and sanatoriums along with the specific information that may assist in searching for missing patients at each location. At the end of the guide, in Appendix A, you will find a checklist to help you in your research. Appendix B provides contact information for the organizations mentioned in this guide so that you can reach out by phone, email, or mail. Appendix C discusses accessing the records held by The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
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Jahromi, Maryam Eslami, and Haleh Ayatollahi. Impact of telecare interventions on quality of life in older adults: A systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0051.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this study was to review impact of telecare interventions on quality of life in older adults. Condition being studied: Recently, an increase in the older adult population, their chronic diseases, and functional disabilities have resulted in the need for more healthcare services. Telecare is one of the solutions for caring these people and can improve their quality of life. However, examining the impact of telecare interventions, especially in terms of quality of life in older adults, can help to improve current systems and design better telecare technologies for a wider population in the future. Information sources: Searching articles was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Embase, IEEExplore, and ProQuest databases, and Google Scholar. If the full text of an article was not available, the corresponding author would be contacted.
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Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.

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The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel sequences involved in these processes B. Comparing expression profiles following the perception of various artificial as well as natural signals known to induce dormancy release, and searching for gene showing similar expression patterns, as candidates for further study of pathways having potential to play a central role in dormancy release. We first created targeted EST collections from V. vinifera and V. riparia mature buds. Clones were randomly selected from cDNA libraries prepared following controlled dormancy release and controlled dormancy induction and from respective controls. The entire collection (7920 vinifera and 1194 riparia clones) was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including clustering, annotations and GO classifications. PCR products from the entire collection were used for printing of cDNA microarrays. Bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented within the grape EST database. Accordingly, 59% of the our vinifera EST collection, composed of 5516 unigenes, are not included within the current Vitis TIGR collection and about 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript, corroborating the current need for our targeted EST collection and the bud specific cDNA array. Analysis of the V. riparia sequences yielded 814 unigenes, of which 140 are unique (keilin et al., manuscript, Appendix B). Results from computational expression profiling of the vinifera collection suggest that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. A comprehensive analysis confirmed the induction of transcription from several calcium–signaling related genes following HC treatment, and detected an inhibiting effect of calcium channel blocker and calcium chelator on HC-induced and chilling-induced bud break. It also detected the existence of HC-induced and calcium dependent protein phosphorylation activity. These data suggest, for the first time, that calcium signaling is involved in the mechanism of dormancy release (Pang et al., in preparation). We compared the effects of heat shock (HS) to those detected in buds following HC application and found that HS lead to earlier and higher bud break. We also demonstrated similar temporary reduction in catalase expression and temporary induction of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin and glutathione S transferase expression following both treatments. These findings further support the assumption that temporary oxidative stress is part of the mechanism leading to bud break. The temporary induction of sucrose syntase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that temporary respiratory stress is developed and suggest that mitochondrial function may be of central importance for that mechanism. These finding, suggesting triggering of identical mechanisms by HS and HC, justified the comparison of expression profiles of HC and HS treated buds, as a tool for the identification of pathways with a central role in dormancy release (Halaly et al., in preparation). RNA samples from buds treated with HS, HC and water were hybridized with the cDNA arrays in an interconnected loop design. Differentially expressed genes from the were selected using R-language package from Bioconductor project called LIMMA and clones showing a significant change following both HS and HC treatments, compared to control, were selected for further analysis. A total of 1541 clones show significant induction, of which 37% have no hit or unknown function and the rest represent 661 genes with identified function. Similarly, out of 1452 clones showing significant reduction, only 53% of the clones have identified function and they represent 573 genes. The 661 induced genes are involved in 445 different molecular functions. About 90% of those functions were classified to 20 categories based on careful survey of the literature. Among other things, it appears that carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function may be of central importance in the mechanism of dormancy release and studies in this direction are ongoing. Analysis of the reduced function is ongoing (Appendix A). A second set of hybridizations was carried out with RNA samples from buds exposed to short photoperiod, leading to induction of bud dormancy, and long photoperiod treatment, as control. Analysis indicated that 42 genes were significant difference between LD and SD and 11 of these were unique.
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