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1
Felipe, Jesus, and Scott Fullwiler. "ADB COVID-19 Policy Database: A Guide." Asian Development Review 37, no. 2 (September 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00147.
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The ADB COVID-19 Policy Database displays the measures taken and monetary amounts announced or estimated by the 68 members of the Asian Development Bank, two institutions, and nine other economies (i.e., a total of 79 entries) until May 2020, to fight the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Measures are classified according to (i) the path a given measure takes to affect the financial system, spending, production, and so forth, i.e., provide liquidity, encourage credit creation by the financial sector, or directly fund households; and (ii) the effects on the financial statements of households, businesses, government, i.e., whether the measures create more debt or more income. This gives a total of nine categories. When the information is available, we report the amounts that governments have announced (intentions) they will allocate to each measure (in many cases, no amount is provided because the measure does not entail spending, e.g., interest rate reductions). These are a mix of actual amounts and estimates, today and in the future (without specifying when). The database will be updated, revised, and expanded as information is released. It is available at https://covid19policy.adb.org/.
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Mirza, Ahmad Haidar. "Poverty Data Model as Decision Tools in Planning Policy Development." Scientific Journal of Informatics 5, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v5i1.14022.
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Poverty is the main problem in a country both in developing countries to the developed countries, both in structural poverty, cultural and natural. That is, poverty is no longer seen as a measure of the failure of the Government to protect and fulfill the fundamental rights of its citizens but as a challenge of the nation to realize a fair society, prosperous and dignified sovereign. Various efforts have been made in determining government policy measures in an effort to overcome poverty, one of them by conducting a survey to assess the poor. The results of the survey of the various activities of the organization obtained a variety of database versions poverty to areas or locations. The information generated from the poverty database only includes recapitulation of poor people to the area or location. One step is to process the data on poverty in a process of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) to form a data mining poverty. Data mining is a logical combination of knowledge of data, and statistical analysis developed in the knowledge business or a process that uses statistical techniques, mathematics, artificial intelligence, artificial and machine-learning to extract and identify useful information for the relevant knowledge from various large databases.
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Lim, Dong-Jin, and Kyung Deuk Kwon. "Policy conflicts and factors affecting conflict resolution in South Korea." International Journal of Conflict Management 31, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-03-2019-0057.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify and explore the overall frequency and characteristics of policy conflicts, with a focus upon those factors affecting conflict resolutions in South Korea. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data from cases of conflict from the Korean Public Policy Conflict Database (KPPCDB) (1948-2014). For the analysis of data, chi-squared test and multinomial logistic regression are used. Findings The findings show a total of 2,030 policy conflicts in 1948-2014, most of which were conflicts of interest (47.9 per cent). More than 70 per cent (71.2 per cent) were policy conflicts between the government and the private sector; the field with the most policy conflicts was regional development (21.0 per cent), and 84.1 per cent of all policy conflicts were resolved. The factors that affected conflict resolution by interest were conflicts between the government and private sector, authoritarian government, national regions and capital areas. Practical implications This paper suggests reforming the current procedures of conflict management, adopting alternative dispute resolutions, and developing a social-consensus-building process for efficiently resolving conflicts. Originality/value This study built a database (KPPCDB) examining 66 years of conflict cases that took place between 1948, the year the Korean Government was established, and 2014. This database covers all cases of policy conflicts that occurred in Korea and provides a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena of policy conflicts and conflict resolution.
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Supendi, Supendi. "Government Strategic Policy in Agricultural Development." Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/transparansi.v5i2.2543.
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It is very important to implement agricultural sector policies in Indonesia. The Agricultural Census conducted by the Central Statistics Agency provides agricultural data needs both at the national and global levels. The policy in the 2023 Agricultural Census (ST2023) activities is designed so that the results obtained are of international standard. The International Standard Agricultural Census refers to the FAO program known as the World Program for the Census of Agriculture (WCA). With the realization of Food Security starting from the individual and household levels, villages, sub-districts, districts, provinces to National Food Security becomes a national goal.
Through food security policies, one of the important elements of national security can be implemented. Therefore, the government intensively cooperates to realize Food Security and Farmer Welfare. Food security targets in 2024 self-sufficiency in industrial sugar and 2026 self-sufficiency in beef, towards Indonesia's Vision in 2045 to become a World Food Barn. The food policy achievements above have also improved the welfare of farmers. This can be seen from the poverty indicator in rural areas in March 2021 at 13.10 percent, down to 12.53 percent in September 2021. (BPS, 2021). In guarding and ensuring that the structural transformation process can be carried out in a precise and directed manner, various policies that have been and will be implemented need to be supported by an accurate agricultural database.
Then strengthen infrastructure, financial institutions, farmer's markets and others. Capacity building of Human Resources (HR) to become professional and productive. The key actor in agricultural development policy is to utilize the results of the agricultural census. A strategic and sustainable agricultural data ecosystem. Then the availability and accessibility of data and awareness of data users that the data exists. The government needs to make policies that are pro-Agricultural sector right on target.
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Bonafont, Laura Chaqués, and Anna M. Palau Roqué. "Comparing Law-Making Activities in a Quasi-Federal System of Government." Comparative Political Studies 44, no. 8 (May 4, 2011): 1089–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414011405171.
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In this article the authors develop a new approach to the study of policy dynamics in a quasi-federal system of government. The goal is to contribute to previous research on comparative federalism by analyzing the variations of issue attention between levels of government and across four regional governments—Andalusia, Catalonia, Galicia, and the Basque Country. To do so the authors follow the policy dynamics approach, developing a comparative and empirical analysis about issue attention across time, territories, and policy subsystems. The analysis relies on an extensive database, created following the methodology of the Comparative Agendas Project, which includes all laws passed from the early 1980s to present. The results indicate that legislative agendas have become increasingly diverse since the 1990s, and this is partly explained by party preferences and the type of government.
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Xie, Hai, Weikun Zhang, and Hanyuan Liang. "Can Local Government Debt Decrease the Pollution Emission of Enterprises?—Evidence from China’s Industrial Enterprises." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (June 5, 2023): 9108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15119108.
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The rapid growth of local government debt size in China has aroused the attention of academia and policy circles due to its impact on environmental pollution. This paper aims to explore the impact of local government debt size on corporate pollution emissions and its mechanism. This paper uses the China Local Government Debt Database, Industrial Enterprise Database, and Industrial Enterprise Pollution Database from 2006 to 2013, and adopts the two-way fixed effect model and difference-in-differences method to conduct an empirical analysis of industrial enterprises in 31 provinces of China. The results show that the local government debt size has a significant positive impact on corporate pollution emissions, and each unit increase in the local government debt size leads to an increase of 0.002 units in corporate pollution emissions. Further mechanism tests show that this effect is realized through the expansion of regional fixed asset investment and the reduction of enterprise R&D investment. In addition, there is significant heterogeneity among enterprises of different ownership, location, and industry. This paper provides practical references for local governments and micromarket actors to improve environmental protection and debt governance in the new era.
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Sato, Daisuke, Takeru Shiroiwa, and Takashi Fukuda. "PP079 The Construction Of Database Using Japanese National Claims Database." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002501.
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INTRODUCTION:In 2014, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan began to assume a cost-effectiveness perspective. Some expensive pharmaceutical and medical devices have been regulated, which resulted in a drastic change of the healthcare system.The Japanese National Insurance Claims Database (NDB) is an administrative database based on claims data from Medical Insurance Claims since 2008. The government enacted the Act on Assurance of Medical Care for Elderly People during health care reform in 2008. In 2006, the MHLW commenced discussions on a framework for the optimization of the healthcare expenses, which aimed to evaluate the structure of the increase in healthcare expenditure.The NDB was developed as a tool for investigation and analysis by the MHLW in the context of the Healthcare reform. In addition, the NDB was used for the development of academic research in order to contribute to the implementation and evaluation of healthcare policy management.A major strength of the NDB is its exhaustiveness or completeness of insurance claims. The NDB collects data from all insured people nationwide and covers all medical institutions in Japan.METHODS:We applied to the Expert Meeting on Provision of Medical Insurance Claims to examine the research plan, items extracted, and data management. Inpatient and Outpatient information was extracted on medical procedures and payment. Diagnoses for both inpatients and outpatients are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Edition (ICD-10). The coding of treatments and surgeries follow Japan's local procedure and surgical coding, which was specifically developed for insurance claims.RESULTS:We generated any personally traceable patient ID from the “hash ID” generated by patient name, sex, date of birth, and insurer number with the aim of protecting personal identifying information in the NDB. The disease of stroke was defined to analyze the database for cost-effectiveness analysis, and to connect disease information to. The prescription claims information described pharmaceutical names, prescription date, total dose, and number of days.CONCLUSIONS:Our study showed the new standard way of analysis for cost-effectiveness analysis using the Japanese National Insurance Claims Database.
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Baumgartner, Frank R., Bryan D. Jones, and John Wilkerson. "Comparative Studies of Policy Dynamics." Comparative Political Studies 44, no. 8 (April 28, 2011): 947–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414011405160.
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Major new understandings of policy change are emerging from a program to measure attention to policies across nations using the same instrument. Participants in this special issue have created new indicators of government activities in 11 countries over several decades. Each database is comprehensive in that it includes information about every activity of its type (e.g., laws, bills, parliamentary questions, prime ministerial speeches) for the time period covered, typically several decades. These databases are linked by a common policy topic classification system, which allows new types of analyses of public policy dynamics over time. The authors introduce the theoretical and practical questions addressed in the volume, explain the nature of the work completed, and suggest some of the ways that this new infrastructure may allow new types of comparative analyses of public policy, institutions, and outcomes. In particular, the authors challenge political scientists to incorporate policy variability into their analyses and to move far beyond the search for partisan and electoral explanations of policy change.
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Suharto, D. G., and C. E. Tando. "Investment policy and environmental conservation: a systematic literature review on the form of investment policy and stakeholders role." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012112.
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Abstract This research aims to analyze the forms of investment policy that can disrupt environmental conservation and stakeholder role in maintaining environmental conservation. The research method used was a systematic literature review with the following procedures: using keywords in the database to find relevant journal articles, eliminating journals irrelevant with some criteria, and analyzing the findings of journals selected. The research results show that investment policy damaging the environmental conservation is dominated by investment in the energy sector. In addition to the energy sector, another investment policy that can disrupt environmental conservation is investing in the tourism sector; micro-, small-, and medium-scale enterprise (MSME); infrastructure; and plantation sectors. The role of stakeholders participating in environmental conservation efforts due to investment policy builds on local government, central government, and non-government organizations.
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Ridgway, Allison, and James Watson. "Canada Commons." Charleston Advisor 23, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.4.11.
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As the successor to the Canadian Electronic Library, Canada Commons aims to continue as a source for Canadian e-books and government and policy documents. Holdings include over 19,000 e-books, and indexation and linking to over 133,000 publications. The Canada Commons interface has a simple, appealing design that does not overwhelm the user. Built using Coherent Digital's Commons Platform, it is nearly identical in design and functionality to the company's Policy Commons database. Given the limited number of products geared for the Canadian library market, Canada Commons provides access to Canadian e-books, government and policy documents that users will not get in Gale OneFile: CPI.Q or ProQuest Canadian Business & Current Affairs (CBCA), both of which are standard databases in most Canadian academic libraries. Canada Commons will appeal to public, academic, and corporate library users.
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Purwanto, Bayu. "Data Classification and Access Control in Indonesia One Map Policy Geoportal." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v6i1.2471.
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Indonesia has a data access policy on one map policy geoportal. Users at each level of government have different access rights to data. The President has full rights to view and downloads the data, while the governor or regent can only see certain attributes and download only its region on the same data. Data in one map policy geoportal must be able to facilitate the differences in access rights. The one map policy geoportal uses a service query system to facilitate the classification of access to process view data. In the process of downloading data geoportal using database queries. The choice of download data through the database is based on the results of the test download data from the database and service. These results indicate that downloading data through the database is faster than downloading data through a service.
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Habib, Daniel, Naela Elmore, Seth Gulas, Nathan Ruhde, Daniel Mathew, and Nicholas Parente. "Dyadic Analysis of Fragile Middle Eastern States and Humanitarian Implications of Restrictive covid-19 Policies." Middle East Law and Governance 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 26–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-14010008.
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Abstract The covid-19 pandemic has pressured governments to respond with restrictive and health resource-oriented policies to contain the spread of the virus. The aim of this paper is to assess differential policy implementation due to state fragility with a spatial scope of the Middle Eastern region. The policies implemented by the four strongest and six most fragile Middle Eastern countries were extracted from the CoronaNet Government Response Database and grouped into restrictive and resource-oriented categories. Clustering based on these categories informed dyadic analysis. Drawing from the Oxford Government Response Policy Tracker and covid-19 World Symptom Survey, we found that fragile states tended to be characterized by a higher proportion of restrictive policies, lower government stringency, and lower compliance. The results identify sectors that would benefit most from humanitarian aid and raise the issue of whether restrictions are disproportionately implemented due to covert political agendas or lack of political and economic power.
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Afandi, Syed Agung, Muslim Afandi, Rizki Erdayani, and Nail Hidaya Afandi. "Indonesia's Open Government: A Bibliometric Analysis." Journal of Governance and Social Policy 4, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v4i1.31522.
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This study aims to analyse trends and models of open government in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis methods and a systematic literature review. The data in this study were obtained from the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish application and processed using the Vosviewer application. The results of this study indicate that Indonesian open government studies are quite attractive to researchers. Although fluctuating, in the last decade there have been 52 publications on Indonesian open government studies, and 267 of them have been cited. From these figures, an h-index score of 10 and a g-index score of 15 are obtained. There are 83 keywords divided into 15 clusters, with the number of keywords in each cluster varying. Of these keywords, there are 412 links, 440 total link strength, and 132 occurrences. In 2020–2022, the Government of Indonesia established 18 policy models to support the achievement of open government. Since 2011 until now, the government of Indonesia has consistently supported the implementation of open government by establishing 152 policy models.
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Dzhunushalieva, Gulnara. "The Establishment of Social Entrepreneurship Movements as A Response to The Transformation of Governments' Social Policies (The Case of Four EAEU Countries)." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2016.1.1(3).
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Objective - This article summarizes research into the social entrepreneurship movement based on databases which include respondents from the following countries: the Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian Federation. This article tries to relate the efficiency of social policy to social issues. Methodology/Technique - We selected 180 acting social enterprises and 36 from 4 post-soviet countries and conducted interviews and observations to create a database. Based on defined key criteria, different types of social actors were classified and grouped. Findings - The findings indicate that state funding for social services and social protection has fallen dramatically due to a sharp decline in GDP and in the residual shares of GDP allocated for social policy. Our analysis indicates that countries which experienced a transformation of government social policy have a greater variety of social actors. Through the database, we were able to define and classify 8 typical groups of social actors. Two of them - social activists and social reformers - can help a nation to create a new stable system for target social groups. Novelty - Originality of the findings of this article. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Social entrepreneurship; social reformer; social activists, social policy; problem solution; social groups; social issues
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Yeh, Ming‐Jui. "Participated without consent: Mandatory authorization of government database for secondary use." Developing World Bioethics 20, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12259.
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Daniels, Lesley-Ann. "Stick Then Carrot: When Do Governments Give Amnesty during Civil War?" International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab008.
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Abstract Governments grant amnesties to rebel groups during civil wars and this is a puzzle. Why would the government offer an amnesty, which can be interpreted as a signal of weakness? In certain circumstances, offering amnesty is a rational policy choice. Governments should give amnesties when they are winning: the risk of misinterpreted signals is lessened, costs are low, rebel groups are weakened, and so amnesty can be used instrumentally to encourage defection or division among foot soldiers or as an incentive to leaders. Therefore, the government capitalizes on its military advantage and offers amnesty in a “stick then carrot” tactic. Using a database of amnesties during conflicts from 1990 to 2011, the article shows that governments are more likely to give amnesties following high rebel deaths. The use of amnesty during conflict is nuanced and context is important when understanding strategic choices.
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Wang, Yan. "Does Governance Quality Matter for the Selection of Policy Stringency to Fight COVID-19?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 6679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116679.
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Independent of different national conditions, an indisputable fact is that the worldwide governments should play a role in fighting the ongoing COVID-19. To make clear the determinants of government response to tackle COVID-19, I investigate the impact of governance quality. To do so, I newly create an overall governance index based on six dimensions of Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the World Bank to proxy governance quality. I regress the overall governance index with controls on the stringency index from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database. Using pooled and panel data models with individual and time fixed effects, I find that the relationship between governance quality and policy stringency for 339 days across 163 countries is significantly nonmonotonic. Countries with middle governance quality select a high level of policy stringency in contrast to those with high and low governance quality. I also find that policy stringency significantly increases when daily new cases increase. The findings highlight the role of governance quality in deciding the stringency level of public health policies.
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Nugroho, R. A., A. W. Kumar, A. T. Kartinawanty, S. G. Prakoso, K. Setyowati, and R. Suryawati. "Environmental issues on covid-19 medical waste: review from policy perspective." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012108.
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Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic brings two sides to the environment. On one side, it reduces air pollution due to travel and work limitations but on the other hand, medical waste increases. This contradictory situation on the environment has been studied by research all around the world. This study is trying to map the concern of experts on environmental issues during Covid-19. This paper conducts a systematic literature review from prominent databases to portray the environmental issues that emerged during the Covid-19 Pandemic from a policy perspective. Unique keywords that combine environment, covid-19, and policy filtered the literature available in the research database. No less than 152 literature were collected and extracted using PRISMA approach. The result indicates very limited policy issued by the government to protect the environment for the post-covid era.
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Sityuk, Antonina. "The database of energy and operational characteristics of public buildings: development prospects for the purposes of state energy efficiency policy." Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy 2, no. 39 (June 30, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9225.
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This paper presents the database of energy and operational characteristics of public buildings as an effective information and technical tool for implementation of the policy of energy efficient modernization of buildings. Based on the results of the state pilot project of creating government buildings and district state administration buildings database, the article presents a list of potential users of the database in case of its scaling to the national level including other types of buildings. The author identifies the desired structural elements of the buildings database, suggesting the relevant sources of information. Based on the relevant foreign experience, the strategic prospects of the buildings database development are outlined, the principles of its maintenance are presented. The multiplier effect of the national buildings database implementation and further directions of research are determined.
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Muhammad, Izlawanie, Norfakhirah Nazihah Mohd Hasnu, and Paul Ekins. "Empirical Research of Public Acceptance on Environmental Tax: A Systematic Literature Review." Environments 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8100109.
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Several international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations (UN), and World Bank recommend that policymakers implement an environmental tax to reduce climate change, protect the environment and gain more income for governments. Effectiveness of the policy depends on a carefully designed framework, which essentially adopts the social and economic contextual of a country and public support. Researchers have been focusing on examining the factors that influence public acceptance of an environmental tax. This paper aims to systematically review the empirical studies using the RepOrting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) protocol. The information is relevant for policy makers in designing a feasible and acceptable carbon tax policy. Furthermore, the paper provides suggestions for future research. Related articles were selected using two leading databases, namely Scopus and Science Direct, and one supporting database, namely Google Scholar. Thematic analysis was conducted on 60 articles and four main themes were derived with 32 subthemes. The analysis indicates that people are more supportive when they (i) are well informed about a policy’s effectiveness and the policy content, particularly the use of revenue, (ii) have high trust in the government, (iii) have a positive attitude toward protecting the environment, (iv) perceive the policy is fair in terms of costs distribution and social sharing, and (v) are concerned about the climate change issue.
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FELIPE, JESUS, SCOTT FULLWILER, and AL-HABBYEL YUSOPH. "The ADB COVID-19 Policy Database: A Guide to Understanding Changes in Sectoral Balances and Private Sector Financial Positions in 2020." Asian Development Review 38, no. 02 (September 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110521500062.
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The Asian Development Bank COVID-19 Policy Database recently added an entry on sector financial balances (SFBs). This addition to the policy database provides information for 35 economies on the financial positions of the private sector, government sector, and the rest of the world, which by construction add up to 0. Data used to calculate SFBs are obtained directly from flow-of-funds accounts. When this source is not available, we obtain data from the national accounts. We use SFBs to understand why the private sector balance moved into a large surplus in 2020. We argue that this surplus is a mirror image of the fiscal deficit.
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Nugroho, R. A., A. A. Rahmawati, S. G. Prakoso, I. D. A. Nurhaeni, A. T. Kartinawanty, and H. Parwiyanto. "Policy issues on covid-19 waste: comparing Indonesia and Taiwan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012113.
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Abstract During the covid-19 pandemic, medical waste has been a concern to the sustainability issues. Comparing government awareness is critical to portray the government policy on combating covid-19 and maintaining environmental sustainability at the same time. This paper discussed how the covid-19 waste is managed between two countries: Indonesia and Taiwan. The two countries are chosen because of their contrasting condition where the prior has a high rate of infection while, on the other hand, the latter has a relatively low rate of infection. This study focuses on literature analysis that is available on the research database. Specific keyword search such as “environmental policy and covid-19 and Indonesia and Taiwan” is used in the search engine. The results indicated the significant difference in both countries in managing covid-19 waste. Further results are discussed in the paper.
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Tung, Le Thanh. "EFFECT OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY ON PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN VIETNAM." Business: Theory and Practice 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2022.15154.
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This paper aims to identify the effect of fiscal and monetary policy on private investment in Vietnam, a transition economy having robust economic growth. The quantitative analyze process employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with a quarterly database in 2004–2020. The bound test study indicates that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between the policy variables and private investment. In the long run, the estimated result shows that the government expenditure and money supply have positive and significant impacts on private investment, however, the exchange rate has a negative and significant impact on private investment. In the short run, government expenditure also has a significant positive impact on private investment in Vietnam, besides, the lag of the private investment variable has a positive and significant which shows the supporting impact on private investment on itself. The coefficients of the tax revenue are positive and insignificant in the estimated functions. Therefore, the evidence suggests that the government needs to increase its expenditure which helps improve private investment in Vietnam in the future.
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Rana, Nripendra P., Michael D. Williams, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, and Janet Williams. "Reflecting on E-Government Research." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 7, no. 4 (October 2011): 64–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2011100105.
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After more than a decade of research in the field of e-government, it is now timely and appropriate to reflect upon the overall developmental directions in the area. This paper explores research progress to date by systematically analyzing the existing body of knowledge on e-government related issues, and reveal if there is lack of theoretical development and rigor in the area. Usable data relating to e-government research currently available were collected from 779 research articles identified from the ISI Web of Knowledge database, and by manually identifying relevant articles from dedicated journals on electronic government such as Transforming Government: People, Process, and Policy (TGPPP), Electronic Government, an International Journal (EGIJ), and International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR). Based on the investigation of the various studies, findings reveal that generic e-government applications were explored more than any specific applications, and the technology acceptance model (TAM) was the most utilized theory to explain research models. Although a large number of theories and theoretical constructs were borrowed from the reference disciplines, their utilization by e-government researchers appears largely random in approach. The paper also presents limitations and further research directions for future researchers.
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Oppenheim, Charles. "Are National Information Plans Useful?" Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 6, no. 2 (August 1994): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909400600205.
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A national information policy can be defined as a series of decisions taken by a national government which are designed to encourage a better information infrastructure. Information policy issues can be grouped into four broad areas: legislative issues, information and the economy, information and organizations, and information and social issues. Some countries (e.g. Germany, France and Japan) have explicit information policies; others, including the USA and the UK, do not. Often (as in the UK) the policy is to have no formal policy, but to leave it to the marketplace. The CEC has provided a highway (Euronet) for individual countries to offer their databases, but has not succeeded in producing a policy of Europe-wide database development, with the result that Europe still suffers from a highly fragmented information industry with many competing databases. Interestingly, several countries without clearly stated information policies – UK, Netherlands, USA – have strong information industries. This raises the question whether such a policy is needed. China is interested in developing one; since it is in the early stages of its economic development, it may be able to learn from the West's mistakes. Once its information infrastructure is in place, China must be careful to avoid over-zealous and continued intervention in sectors where it is no longer necessary.
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Nan, Yan, Tieying Feng, Yuqun Hu, and Xinzhu Qi. "Understanding Aging Policies in China: A Bibliometric Analysis of Policy Documents, 1978–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 5956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165956.
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Aging poses a big challenge in all aspects of social governance in China. A coherent and focused aging policy response that spans multiple sectors of government has been undertaken to achieve the goal of “Healthy Aging”. From an historical perspective, this paper uses a bibliometric analysis method to probe into the evolution of Chinese aging policies from 1978 to 2019, and the roles of core government agencies in policy-making. We obtained 226 Chinese aging policies from the PKULaw Database and the websites of the government departments. Co-word analyses and network analyses were applied in mapping the topics of aging policies and collaboration among the agencies. Gephi software was used to visualize the most frequently used keywords and their network graphs. Findings are as follows. Firstly, the development of the aging policy system in China has undergone two phases, from focusing on basic security to emphasizing the rights and health of the elderly. Secondly, the network structure of aging policy-making departments presents a distinct edge-core layer. More and more government agencies have become involved in the formulation of aging policies. But collaboration among the agencies is insufficient. Thirdly, pilot promotion is the main tool for implementing aging policies.
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D.A., Babalola, Omeonu P.E., Osuntade B.O., Julius A.E., and Kalu I. "Sustainable Malaria Control Policy and Infant Mortality in an Agrarian Economy: Evidence from Nigeria." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4, no. 3 (October 8, 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-3uh6dxwe.
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Sustainable implementation of policy to control malaria is sine qua non to reduce the infant mortality rate especially in agrarian economies like Nigeria where malaria is common. This study examined the relationship between infant mortality rate and government expenditure on malaria (GEM) (proxy for health policy as explanatory variable), per capita income, infrastructure development index (IDI), government expenditure on education and health (as control variables) using data from 1990 to 2019 obtained from the World Bank and African Development Bank database. The unit root test conducted showed that all the variables were not stationary at first difference. The co-integration test established a long run equilibrium relationship between the variables which suggested the use of the Error Correction Model. The analysis of the estimated coefficients in the model showed that IDI and GEM significantly reduce infant mortality rate at P<0.05. Improvement in government funding to control malaria and efforts to develop infrastructure especially in the rural agrarian communities is recommended.
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Imawan, Arga Pribadi, and Rifqi Fathurrahman. "Open Government Data in Pandemic Disease: Encouraging Spatial Policy-Making in East Java and Jakarta." GEMA PUBLICA 7, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gp.7.2.2022.237-260.
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This article aims to elaborate on whether the openness of spatial data by the government has an implication for the formulation of government policies. The case was taken in two provinces, namely the East Java provincial and the Special Capital Region (DKI) Jakarta. The case study method was conducted by referring to a database of documents, journals, news and books relating to the spatial data visualization and provincial government policies. ArcGis application is also used as one method of presenting data. As a result of the elaboration by using the concept of models open government data (OGD) and spatial policy-making, this article discovers facts that models of OGD in East Java are at the four-stage which is data integration between government and social data. However, DKI Jakarta shows the stage of OGD models is in integration government data stage. Both provincial showed that the policy-formulation for Covid-19 are not based on spatial data. Therefore, it can be assumed policy for handling Covid-19 is not effective. Both of provinces shows continually increasing cases of Covid-19 positive patients. These two provinces are predicated as the highest level of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. From a practical point of view, Indonesia needs to implementing spatial data-based policies to break the Covid-19 chain, as this kind of policy orientation has been successfully implemented by Taiwan which has been successful tackling Covid-19.
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Nugraha, Nur Arif, and Agung Darono. "Discourses And Institutions In Tax Policy And Fiscal Sustainability: Evidence From Indonesia." Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara (PKN) 4, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v4i1.1722.
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This research contends fiscal policy and the achievement of fiscal sustainability as institutions coming from texts and discourses that account for it. Applying an interpretive policy analysis approach, we reveal how various discourses of tax policy and the achievement of fiscal sustainability dialectics. This study highlights some series of text-discourse-institution that explains the interplay between fiscal policy and the achievement of fiscal sustainability so that they become as main part of Indonesian public finance management. This paper finds that tax policy as an institution associates with the realization of fiscal sustainability is to increase the tax ratio while keep maintaining a self-assessment system. That is, the achievement of fiscal sustainability requires that tax policy can support (especially) to finance government expenditures. The study revealed that the contemporary tax policy as an institution, exists influenced by following discourses: (1) tax compliance strategy and taxing the hard-to-tax; (2) efforts to facilitate the strengthening of tax administration; (3) the establishment of information database as a tool to examine the compliance of taxpayers; (4) the division of taxing authority between central and local governments.
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Lobonț, Oana-Ramona, Florin Costea, Sorana Vătavu, Zheng-Zheng Li, Alexandra-Mădălina Țăran, and Igor Kononenko. "IS FISCAL POLICY ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOCIO-ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES?" Journal of Business Economics and Management 24, no. 2 (May 29, 2023): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2023.19091.
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This research highlights the extent to which fiscal policies, along with government effectiveness, trade, economic growth, and education, influence the entrepreneurial environment, starting from the assumption that the effectiveness of public policies and the public administration support for entrepreneurship has proven to be a trigger for development and a means of reducing social inequalities and increasing well-being. Our analysis is based on a panel threshold regression model, which returns parameters for the predictors, in which there is a changing point in fiscal policy as the threshold variable on entrepreneurship activity. The database consisted of annual data from 2002-2019, referring to the European Union’s member states, presented visually based on the data mapping process to evidence the hierarchy of the EU countries for each of the analysed phenomena. Our results evidenced tax policy, trade, and government effectiveness as significant influential factors in stimulating entrepreneurship in EU countries. Although GDP growth and education positively influenced entrepreneurial activity, the statistical tests did not confirm it. Therefore, Governments can encourage entrepreneurial opportunities through harmonised tax legislation with EU regulations and a lighter regulatory burden and policies that foster competition, lower taxes, increase transparency and provide open access for all businesses.
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Putera, Prakoso Bhairawa, Ida Widianingsih, Sinta Ningrum, Suryanto Suryanto, and Yan Rianto. "Policy Dynamics in Contemporary Public Administration Studies: A Conceptual Analysis." Public Policy and Administration 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.1.31435.
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This paper aims to provide an overview based on the literatures regarding the development of the study of policy dynamics research in the field of public administration. The study aims to answer the research question, „What is the theoretical and conceptual framework of „policy dynamics“ in the contemporary discourse of current public administration?“. The method used is a bibliometric analysis and semi-systematic literature review in the form of a literature review of international publications published between 1990 and 2020, sourced from the Google Scholar database. The sixty articles that are most relevant in terms of Article title, Abstract, and Keywords (journal articles: 55 papers and Conferences proceedings: 5 papers) are chosen for analysis. As a result, policy dynamics can be grouped into three categories: policy dynamics as historical institutionalism, policy dynamics as policy change, and policy dynamics as policy evolution. This study concludes that policy dynamics is the evolution of policy changes, where these changes have implications for the policies of a regime/government on institutions, actors, and systems within a certain period. This concept manifests in the five new clusters in the definition of policy dynamics, which include regime/government change, institutional change/transformation, changes in issue, direction and content of policy, actor's role and existence, and policy object inputs and outputs.
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Onofrei, Mihaela, Lenuta Cojocariu, and Florin Oprea. "Interconnections between local finances and regional development: a study case of Romania." Journal of Financial Studies 6, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55654/jfs.2021.6.10.01.
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"The objectives of economic development are promoted at the local administration level in the context of modern principles of public administration, as decentralization of public tasks, local autonomy and including the legislation of the right to self-government of local authorities. In this paper we performed an analysis on the role of local public finances in economic development, in Romania, using data reported in the online TEMPO database of the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Public Works, Development and Administration for different periods of time. The main results confirm a strong interrelationship between different indicators from local public budgets and some indicators of development, which allow the formulation of useful policy recommendations for local government policy programs and the substantiation of economic development strategies."
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Grace, Martin F., Jannes Rauch, and Sabine Wende. "The effect of monetary policy announcements and government interventions on the US insurance industry during the 2007-2009 crisis." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 5 (November 20, 2017): 500–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-02-2017-0039.
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Purpose The authors aim to analyze the impact of monetary policy interventions during the financial crisis of 2007-2009 on the stock prices of US insurance firms. Design/methodology/approach The authors use an event study methodology and a database of 89 policy announcements to analyze if monetary policy interventions could restore stability in the insurance sector. In addition, the authors conduct a second-stage analysis to identify the individual firms’ determinants of their stock market response. Findings The results indicate that the market reaction depends upon the type of policy intervention as well as the timing of the intervention. A second stage analysis examines firm level determinants of the insurers’ stock price responses and finds various firm specific factors also affect the insurers’ reaction to policy interventions. Originality/value First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the impact of non-conventional policy announcements on firms from the insurance sector during the financial crisis. Moreover, the authors add to the literature an analysis on how conventional central bank announcements affect insurance firms.
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Kemp, Linzi J., Megan Mathias, and Maryam Raji. "Representative bureaucracy in the Arab Gulf states." International Journal of Public Sector Management 32, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-07-2017-0198.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply the lens of representative bureaucracy (RB) to women’s representation at management level in governments and government-owned companies in Arab Gulf states (AGS), and to consider the implications for government stability, legitimacy and performance.Design/methodology/approachData were analysed of the numbers of men and women in management positions (8,936), of government and government-owned companies (846), for the six countries of the AGS. Analyses were conducted on the presence/absence of women in management for ten industry types.FindingsGovernments and government-owned companies in the AGS were identified as hybrid (public/private) institutions. Women were found to be underrepresented at management levels in public sector bureaucracy; women clustered in a narrow range of industries; all countries returned a high result of zero female managers in these industries.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited by data collected from a single source, “Eikon”, which is a commercial database. The implication of these results is a benchmark for future studies on women’s representation at management level in governments and government-owned companies of Arab Gulf countries.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this study is for concerted government intervention to address gender inequality in management of governments and government-owned companies across the AGS.Originality/valueThis is the first study of RB in AGS and extends the theory of RB to a new geographical and cultural context. There is value in application of RB to government and government-owned companies as a regional form of hybrid public–private organisation.
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Shah, Amika, Samrawit Lemma, Chelsea Tao, and Joseph Wong. "The Role of Health Policy and Systems in the Uptake of Community-Based Health Insurance Schemes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review." Health Services Insights 16 (January 2023): 117863292311726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329231172675.
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This study explores how health policies and systems can affect voluntary uptake of community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A narrative review was conducted involving searches of 10 databases (Medline, Global Index Medicus, Cumulative Index to Nursing, and Allied Health Literature, Health Systems Evidence, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, PsycINFO, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, EconLit, Bibliography of Asian Studies, and Africa Wide Information) across the social sciences, economics, and medical sciences. A total of 8107 articles were identified through the database searches, 12 of which were retained for analysis and narrative synthesis after 2 stages of screening. Our findings suggest that in the absence of directly subsidizing CBHI schemes by governments in LMICs, government policies can nonetheless promote voluntary uptake of CBHIs through intentional actions in 3 key areas: (a) improving quality of care, (b) providing a regulatory framework that integrates CBHIs into the national health system and its goals, and (c) leveraging administrative and managerial capacity to facilitate enrollment. The findings of this study highlight several considerations for CBHI planners and governments in LMICs to promote voluntary enrollment in CBHIs. Governments can effectively extend their outreach toward marginalized and vulnerable populations that are excluded from social protection by formulating supportive regulatory, policy, and administrative provisions that enhance voluntary uptake of CBHI schemes.
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Tveit, Sverre, and Christian Lundahl. "New modes of policy legitimation in education: (Mis)using comparative data to effectuate assessment reform." European Educational Research Journal 17, no. 5 (September 20, 2017): 631–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904117728846.
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Identifying three modes of policy legitimation in education, illustrated by shifts in Swedish educational assessment and grading policies over the past decades, the paper demonstrates significant trends with regard to national governments’ policymaking and borrowing. We observe a shift away from collaboracy – defined as policy legitimation located in partnerships and networks of stakeholders, researchers and other experts – towards more use of supranational agencies (called agency), such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Union and associated networks, as well as the use of individual consultants and private enterprises (called consultancy) to legitimate policy change. Given their political and high-stakes character for stakeholders, assessment and grading policies are suitable areas for investigating strategies and trends for policy legitimation in education. The European Union-affiliated Eurydice network synthesises policy descriptions for the European countries in an online database that is widely used by policymakers. Analysing Eurydice data for assessment and grading policies, the paper discusses functional equivalence of grading policies and validity problems related to the comparison of such policy information. Illuminating the roles of the Swedish Government and a consultant in reviewing and recommending grading policies, the paper discusses new ‘fast policy’ modes of policy legitimation in which comparative data is used to effectuate assessment reform.
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Abbas, PhD Candidate, Hafiz Syed Mohsin, Xiaodong Xu, PhD, and Chunxia Sun, PhD. "COVID-19 pandemic, government response, and policy implications in China, India, Iran, and Pakistan (CIIP)." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0529.
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COVID-19 has been considered as a catastrophic global health response mechanism and demonstrated the international preparedness for the outbreak as well as government initiatives. This study aims to evaluate the comparative analysis of government response in China, India, Iran, and Pakistan (CIIP) countries regarding their policy enforcement on combating COVID-19 by using stringency, socioeconomic, and health containment indices. The proposed study analyzed the policy implications in CIIP from January 1, 2020 through July 21, 2020. Data have been collected from the European Union, World Health Organization, Humanitarian Exchange, and a selected National Database. Results show that despite a high degree of government’s strict policies in India and Pakistan, they have been failing to control the brutality of the COVID-19. In contrast, the politics of China and Iran appear to be very successful in combating the situation in COVID-19. This study concludes that countries with ample resources and stronger coping strategies should provide developing countries with the mean for mitigating and improve their socioeconomic and economic crises, which hindered their consistent policy enforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Tsai, Kellee S., and Qingyan Wang. "Charitable Crowdfunding in China: An Emergent Channel for Setting Policy Agendas?" China Quarterly 240 (April 11, 2019): 936–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101800139x.
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AbstractSocial media in China has not only become a popular means of communication, but also expanded the interaction between the government and online citizens. Why have some charitable crowdfunding campaigns had agenda-setting influence on public policy, while others have had limited or no impact? Based on an original database of 188 charitable crowdfunding projects currently active on Sina Weibo, we observe that over 80 per cent of long-term campaigns do not have explicit policy aspirations. Among those pursuing policy objectives, however, nearly two-thirds have had either agenda-setting influence or contributed to policy change. Such campaigns complement, rather than challenge existing government priorities. Based on field interviews (listed in Appendix A), case studies of four micro-charities – Free Lunch for Children, Love Save Pneumoconiosis, Support Relief of Rare Diseases, and Water Safety Program of China – are presented to highlight factors that contributed to their variation in public outcomes at the national level. The study suggests that charitable crowdfunding may be viewed as an “input institution” in the context of responsive authoritarianism in China, albeit within closely monitored parameters.
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Agrawal, S., and R. D. Gupta. "SCHOOL MAPPING AND GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE SCHOOLS IN JASRA DEVELOPMENT BLOCK OF INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-145-2016.
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GIS is a collection of tools and techniques that works on the geospatial data and is used in the analysis and decision making. Education is an inherent part of any civil society. Proper educational facilities generate the high quality human resource for any nation. Therefore, government needs an efficient system that can help in analysing the current state of education and its progress. Government also needs a system that can support in decision making and policy framing. GIS can serve the mentioned requirements not only for government but also for the general public. In order to meet the standards of human development, it is necessary for the government and decision makers to have a close watch on the existing education policy and its implementation condition. School mapping plays an important role in this aspect. School mapping consists of building the geospatial database of schools that supports in the infrastructure development, policy analysis and decision making. The present research work is an attempt for supporting Right to Education (RTE) and Sarv Sikha Abhiyaan (SSA) programmes run by Government of India through the use of GIS. School mapping of the study area is performed which is followed by the geospatial analysis. This research work will help in assessing the present status of educational infrastructure in Jasra block of Allahabad district, India.
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Agrawal, S., and R. D. Gupta. "SCHOOL MAPPING AND GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE SCHOOLS IN JASRA DEVELOPMENT BLOCK OF INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-145-2016.
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GIS is a collection of tools and techniques that works on the geospatial data and is used in the analysis and decision making. Education is an inherent part of any civil society. Proper educational facilities generate the high quality human resource for any nation. Therefore, government needs an efficient system that can help in analysing the current state of education and its progress. Government also needs a system that can support in decision making and policy framing. GIS can serve the mentioned requirements not only for government but also for the general public. In order to meet the standards of human development, it is necessary for the government and decision makers to have a close watch on the existing education policy and its implementation condition. School mapping plays an important role in this aspect. School mapping consists of building the geospatial database of schools that supports in the infrastructure development, policy analysis and decision making. The present research work is an attempt for supporting Right to Education (RTE) and Sarv Sikha Abhiyaan (SSA) programmes run by Government of India through the use of GIS. School mapping of the study area is performed which is followed by the geospatial analysis. This research work will help in assessing the present status of educational infrastructure in Jasra block of Allahabad district, India.
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Wanjiru, Joyce. "Influence of Digitization of Public Records on Service Delivery of Government Institutions. A Literature Review." African Journal of Information and Knowledge Management 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ajikm.1760.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of digitization of public records on service delivery of government institutions.
Methodology: This study adopted a desktop literature review. It utilized content analysis of the reviewed literature related to digitization of e-government services in public service delivery.
Findings: The study revealed that use of e-government enabled database sharing, lowered the costs of delivering services, reduced time taken to process a transaction, lead to improved management of records, eased working procedure and improved staff productivity.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends enactment of policies aimed at regulating of e-government implementation. The study also recommends that there is need for the government to ensure they have enough funds to ensure they are ready for ICT projects, good practice, effective project, coordination and change management.
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Gilmour, Lynne, Edward Duncan, and Margaret Maxwell. "Policy addressing suicidality in children and young people: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e023153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023153.
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IntroductionSuicide is one of the leading causes of death among children and young people globally and a major public health issue. Government policies determine how much recognised health issues are prioritised and set the context for investment, development and delivery of services. A review of policies concerning children and young people who are suicidal could shed light on the extent that this public health issue is prioritised and highlight examples of best practice in this area. There has never been a review to explore how policy worldwide addresses the specific needs of this vulnerable population. This review will map the key policy documents and identify their relevance to the review question: how does policy address the treatment and care of children and young people who experience suicidality? (international, national (UK) and local (Scotland)).MethodologyEmploying scoping review methodological guidance a systematic and transparent approach will be taken. Preliminary searches will facilitate the identification of MeSh terms, subject headings, individual database and platform nuances. A full search strategy will be created to search five databases: CINAHL, PsychInfo, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane. Government and other key agency websites (eg, WHO, Unicef) will be searched to identify policy documents. The reference lists of identified documents will be checked. A second reviewer will independently screen and cross validate eligible studies for final inclusion. A data extraction template will then be used to extract key information. We will report our findings using narrative synthesis and tabulate findings, by agreed key components.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required to conduct a scoping review. We will disseminate the findings through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.
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Duddy, Brian, Timothy Landucci, and Julie Knechtel. "Delivering Capability Through Competition in Defense Contracting: Does Policy Drive Results?" Defense Acquisition Research Journal 27, no. 94 (October 1, 2020): 436–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22594/dau.20-855.27.04.
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Competition in Defense contracting is a vital component of the acquisition system. Competition encourages research, innovation, and the production of new products and services, while motivating a robust industrial base. Accordingly, legislation, DoD directives, and policy guidance have sought to encourage competition in DoD contracting and enhance methods of tracking competition progress. This article presents the results of a study against the background of previous U.S. Government Accountability Office competition examinations to identify trends in competition, particularly in terms of DoD agencies and purchase categories. Data retrieved from the Federal Procurement Database System–Next Generation, and a sample of Justification and Approvals, retrieved from beta.sam.gov, provide a basis to forecast trends and a foundation for recommendations.
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E. Schramm, Mary, Jennifer L. Herbst, and Angela Mattie. "The False Claims Act: a review and policy recommendations." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-04-2014-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of the study is to review The False Claims Act (FCA) settlements and challenges facing the industry to suggest the motivation behind firms’ alleged fraudulent activity. FCA has been applied against pharmaceutical companies by the US Government to combat marketing fraud including kickbacks, improper pricing and off-label promotion. The interests of the US Government and medical professionals are also considered. Changes to the law governing pharmaceutical marketing practices are recommended. Design/methodology/approach – Cases settled under the FCA between 2005 and 2012 were identified by accessing the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Corporate Integrity Agreements Web site and annual reports and the quitamhelp.com Web site. Case details were collected from US Department of Justice press releases, DHHS annual reports, and case documents in the Public Access to Court Electronic Records database. Findings – Of the settled cases in the final sample, improper pricing practices were evident in 33 per cent of the cases; off-label promotion in 52 per cent; and both in 15 per cent of the cases. Forty-eight per cent of the alleged fraudulent marketing activity occurred within the brands’ first year and 68 per cent within the first two years on the market. Reported settlements ranged from US$4 million to US$4.3 billion. Originality/value – This research simultaneously considers business issues facing the pharmaceutical industry and alleged fraudulent marketing activity to recommend changes to the law governing drug promotion. Changes have the potential to improve the balance between the respective interests of industry, medicine and government and to improve compliance and patient care in the future.
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Marbun, Robert, Transna Putra Urip, and Rachmaeny Indahyani. "Asymptotic Significance Test on Financial Performance in Papua Province Government." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 8 (August 29, 2023): e01580. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i8.1580.
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Purpose: This study analyses the financial performance of Papua Province's regency and city administrations from 2015 to 2021 in terms of regional independence, dependency, and harmony. Theoretical framework: Every local government should consistently, somewhat, equitably, and democratically enhance the services it provides to the community. The effectiveness of controlling these potentials can also be used to gauge the local government's financial performance. The regional budget serves as the government's indicator for assessing its capacity to finance the execution of development initiatives. Design/methodology/approach: Uses secondary archive data (APBD) retrieved from the DJPK database for the years 2015-2021. Various assessments, including the dependency ratio, the independence ratio, and the harmonization ratio, are used to evaluate the financial success of the previous years. The Asymptotic Significance with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to determine the difference in financial performance. Findings: (1) Papua Province's financial performance between 2015 and 2021 shows that the ratios of independence are still deficient (below 25 percent) with the relation pattern with the central government in the instructional category, that regional dependency still revolves in very high criteria, and that the harmonization ratio is an average of 22.40 percent, with a perception of higher than national level 5-20 percent. (2) From 2015 to 2021, there is no substantive distinction between the regency and city's financial performance in the province. Research, Practical & Social implications: The imperative for in-depth research on regional financial performance in Indonesian provinces are linked to other variables such as regional loans or government policy that makes loans one of the regional sources of income. Improve the amount and quality of human resources in regional financial management, which naturally alters the regional financial management system. Originality/value: To improve the region's financial performance, the local government must increase local income through polling business more intensively and effectively. Local governments must establish more income targets with projections, modify rules relating to PAD improvement activities, and identify new PAD sources.
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Triyanto. "Analisis Kebijakan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh pada Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Masa Wabah Virus Corona." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 3, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i4.100.
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This research aims to explore and describe a policy made by the government, specifically the policy related to distance learning during the Corona virus epidemic. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collected were interviews with school principals, Indonesian language teachers, and observations in five classes, as well as distributing questionnaires with school principals, homeroom teachers, Indonesian language teachers, student guardians, and the students. Interview data were analyzed using "within case and cross-case analysis" between informants. The data obtained is processed into a database and made in the form of files to facilitate data processing. The results showed that SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Prambanan has implemented most of the distance learning policies instructed by the government through SE No. 4 of 2020. The learning responsibilities given to students are not burdensome in terms of materials, facilities, and infrastructures. The learning taught includes life skills during corona virus epidemic. The learning methods and the learning process are implemented in accordance with students' conditions. The feedback given by the teacher is still in the form of points and not in accordance with government instructions. The Indonesian language learning is carried out in accordance with government instructions.
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D'Hollander, David, and Axel Marx. "Strengthening private certification systems through public regulation." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-04-2013-0016.
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Purpose – Private certification systems (PCS) have emerged as governance tools for sustainable development, regulating social and environmental standards through global supply chains. PCS are seen as essentially private and market-driven, but governments have engaged with them in various ways. There are also substantial differences in the institutional design of PCS with regard to the standard-setting process, ex-ante conformity assessment and ex-post verification procedures. Consequently, what determines the institutional design of PCS has attracted growing attention. This article argues that governments, through public regulation, influence the design of PCS, which in turn affects their effectiveness. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – First, a review of academic literature, policy and legal documents presents how PCS have become institutionalized in government policy, focusing on sustainable public procurement (SPP) regulation. Second, the authors explore the link between effectiveness and the institutional design of PCS by empirically assessing the variations between institutional parameters conducive to effectiveness. Data from the Ecolabel Index database were used to assess the presence or absence of four institutional design parameters related to the rule-making and monitoring mechanisms of PCS. Findings – Public procurement regulations are important drivers influencing the institutional design of PCS. The buying power and market share of government spending is a potential tool for policy-makers not only to stimulate the adoption of PCS, but also for shaping their design and effectiveness. However, the impact of such policies is highly dependent upon the market-share of public procurement within a given sector. In addition to public procurement frameworks, other factors drive the institutional evolution of PCS. Originality/value – The article connects two themes within the study of non-state market regulation; the growing interaction of governments with PCS, and the institutional variety and development of these systems.
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Biggs, Andrew G. "The Long-Term Solvency of Teacher Pension Plans: How We Got to Now and Prospects for Recovery." Educational Researcher 52, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x221093352.
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The COVID-related financial market decline and economic recession have raised new concerns regarding the financial sustainability of retirement plans for state and local government employees, the largest group of whom is public school teachers. Using data from the Public Plans Database and the National Income and Product Accounts, I analyze teacher pension plans over the 2001–2019 period, seeking to answer questions regarding teacher pensions’ funded status, investment decisions and returns, adequacy of contributions, and generosity of benefits. These data show that teacher pension funding peaked at the beginning of the 2001–2019 period due to the tech bubble’s inflation of asset values, but then it declined thereafter due to investment returns that significantly underperformed assumptions, failures by sponsoring governments to consistently make full contributions, and increases in the generosity of pension benefits. School districts will face substantial funding challenges in the post-COVID period, as investment losses are factored into contribution rates, government revenues available to make contributions shrink, and education funding from state governments comes under pressure. I outline several policy alternatives that policymakers may consider, but none would make restoring teacher pensions to full funding a painless process.
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Andersen, Christian. "Tinjauan Hukum Kewenangan Sistem TRUST +POSITIF™ sebagai Database Acuan dan Rujukan Penyaringan Seluruh Layanan Akses Informasi Publik Penggunaan Internet di Indonesia." Dialogia Iuridica: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis dan Investasi 9, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 080. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/di.v9i1.732.
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The implementation of good governance become the main agenda that has to be done by any government agencies. Because this is a requirement that shows the Government's commitment in carrying out theirs duty to serve the community. All officers must have an understanding of public information disclosure / Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (KIP) based on Act Number 14 of 2008, the principles which referred to is accountability, transparency and the supremacy of law. This article is a normative legal research studying the principles/laws that is a research on applied regulations related to The Implementation of Trust +Positif Concerning Good Governance. This research aims to reveal the regulations related to the implementation of community service in conducting good governance in order to prepare ASEAN Economic Community. The conclusion of this research are that to create a good governance as expected by the community, the implementation of the function of Trust +Positif service is needed and we have to create synergy between the governmental officers who implement the policy and the community whom the policy applied to. Therefore, it is necessary to have cooperation between the two parties.
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Hartono, Djoni, Ahmad Komarulzaman, Tony Irawan, and Anda Nugroho. "Phasing out Energy Subsidies to Improve Energy Mix: A Dead End." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092281.
Full textAbstract:
A major energy transformation is required to prolong the rise in global temperature below 2 °C. The Indonesian government (GoI) has set a strategy to gradually remove fuel subsidies to meet its 2050 ambitious energy targets. Using a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, the present study aimed to determine whether or not the current energy subsidy reforms would meet the targets of both energy mix and energy intensity. It also incorporated the environmental aspect while developing a source of a detailed database in the energy sector. The energy subsidy reform policy (followed by an increase in infrastructure and renewable energy investments) could be the most appropriate alternative policy if the government aims to reduce energy intensity and emission, as well as improve energy diversification without pronounced reductions in the sectorial and overall economy. However, all simulations suggested that the removal of energy subsidy does not enough in attaining the targeted energy mix and energy intensity goals. Thus, the Indonesian government should also introduce progressive programs in renewable energy.