Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Data linkage'
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Kirby, Bradley. "Data linkage for pharmacovigilance using routinely acquired electronic health data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215567.
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Introduction: Despite the establishment of pharmacovigilance systems, there is a recognised paucity of information specifically on the safety of paediatric medicines. Data linkage techniques offer real potential for linking routinely collected population based primary and secondary care datasets, using the Community Health Index (CHI) as a patient linkage key, to monitor the safety of new drugs and treatments. Aim: To explore the validity of routinely acquired NHS data and the utility of linking this data to support a routine mechanism for post-marketing surveillance of paediatric medicines. Methods: The internal and external validity of the Scottish national Prescribing Information System (PIS) was assessed using retrospective cohort studies combined with data linkage techniques. This PhD programme assesses the consistency of unique patient identifiers; the completeness and accuracy of the data; and the extent to which well established associations between drugs and adverse events can be reproduced using routinely collected NHS data. Results: For routine prescribing data a CHI number was found present on nearly 95% of dispensed items. In the first cohort study, insulin prescriptions within PIS were identified for 96% (95% CI 0.96-0.97) of children hospitalised for type 1 diabetes (SMR01). The rates of newly prescribed insulin were concordant with published rates in both Scottish and non-Scottish populations. In the second study asthma prescribing in children was observed to be complete (sensitivity 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.98)) and accurate (PPV 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.9)) when compared with a gold standard patient registry. Finally, patients newly prescribed NSAID therapy were observed to be 1.51 (95% CI 1.24-1.85) to 3.97 (95% CI 1.27 – 12.46) times more likely to experience first time hospitalisation for a gastrointestinal event than unexposed. Significant risk factors for a GI event were age and concurrent use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. These results are concordant with the published literature. Conclusions: Routine Scottish prescribing data is consistent, complete and accurate; however several key variables such as indication, dose and frequency, which are essential for robust pharmacovigilance, are currently missing from routinely collected data.
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Wong, León Kevin, and Valdivia Diego Eduardo Antonio Rodríguez. "Distributed Social Media System - Multimedia Data Linkage." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324525.
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Actualmente, las redes sociales en línea son uno de los principales medios donde se intercambia gran cantidad de información. En estas, los usuarios intentan reflejar su actividad diaria en forma de publicaciones en sus muros o de otros usuarios. Asimismo, las imágenes representan gran parte de la información sobre la actividad del usuario, por ejemplo, una foto en donde esté etiquetado. Estas interacciones del usuario en las redes ayudan a generar su identidad digital. La información revelada por la metadata de las imágenes enriquece este perfil y contribuye a mejorar los resultados en procesos como minería de datos, marketing, etc. El objetivo de este proyecto es generar un perfil digital en base a la información y actividad que contribuye un usuario a una red social, recopilando y mostrando explícitamente varios hechos que se revelan aprovechando la metadata de las imágenes y el factor temporal de la actividad en línea. Esto incluye el proceso de extracción, enriquecimiento y encapsulación de data en un modelo ontológico propuesto. Los resultados de los experimentos muestran que la información en el perfil, luego del enriquecimiento, es aproximadamente cuatro veces la información inicial, y la precisión de la nueva información está por encima del 75%. Trabajos futuros se inclinan hacia la detección del tipo de relación que existe entre una persona y uno de sus contactos. Asimismo, otro tema relevante a explorar incluye la extracción de un mayor rango de entidades, tales como eventos o temas de interés de un individuo, con el fin de mejorar el perfil digital del usuario. Finalmente, la minería de datos en el proceso de extracción de información ayudaría a enfocar mejor el marketing a los usuarios de redes sociales ya que dicha publicidad podría hacerse más personalizada. Palabras clave Linked data, información multimedia, perfil digital, redes sociales, metadataTesis
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Snae, Chakkrit. "An investigation of computer based nominal data record linkage." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433784.
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The Internet now provides access to vast volumes of nominal data (data associated with names e. g. birth/death records, parish records, text articles, multimedia) collected for a range of different purposes. This research focuses on parish registers containing baptism, marriage, and burial records. Mining these data resources involves linkage investigating as to how two records are related with regards to attributes like surname, spatio-temporal location, legal association and inter-relationships. Furthermore, as well as handling the implicit constraints of nominal data, such a system must also be able to handle automatically a range of temporal and spatial rules and constraints. The research examines the linkage rules that apply and how such rules interact. In this investigation a report is given of the current practices in several disciplines (e. g. history, demography, genealogy, and epidemiology) and how these are implemented in current computer and database systems. The practical aspects of this study, and the workbench approach proposed are centred on the extensive Lancashire & Cheshire Parish Register archive held on the MIMAS database computer located at Manchester University. The research also proposes how these findings can have wider applications. This thesis describes some initial research into this problem. It describes three prototypes of nominal data workbench that allow the specification and examination of several linkage types and discusses the merits of alternative name matching methods, name grouping techniques and method comparisons. The conclusion is that in the cases examined so far, effective nominal data linkage is essentially a query optimisation process. The process is made more efficient if linkage specific indexes exist, and suggests that query re-organization based on these indexes, though a complex process, is entirely feasible. To facilitate the use of indexes and to guide the optimization process, the work suggests the use of formal ontologies.
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Ioannou, Ekaterini [Verfasser]. "Entity linkage for heterogeneous, uncertain, and volatile data / Ekaterini Ioannou." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013290062/34.
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Haque, Shovanur S. "Assessing the accuracy of record matching algorithms in data linkage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123042/1/Shovanur_Haque_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis developed a Markov Chain based Monte Carlo (MaCSim) simulation approach, implemented in the R software, for assessing the accuracy of a linked file and illustrates the utility of the approach using the ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) synthetic data in realistic data settings. MaCSim, can be used either to assess a linking method or to compare multiple linking methods. The accuracy results using MaCSim can inform decisions on a preferred linking method or whether records are linkable at all. This will prove extremely important in applying analysis techniques which can adequately account for the errors associated with linkage.
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Cournut, Pierre. "Identification model of musical works using record linkage." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-249713.
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This thesis is based on a project that is part of IBM’s collaboration with a Collecting Right Organization that collects and distributes payments of authors’ rights. The project aimed at helping this organization identify right beneficiaries for musical tracks listened on online streaming platforms. Given as an input a list of tracks composed of metadata such as artist names, titles and listening statistics, the goal was to match each line with its corresponding element in this organization’s documentation. Since each broadcaster has its own catalogue of music, it can be hard sometimes to find the correct matching for each song. In practice, this organization has a dedicated team that handles manually some of the non-trivial cases. Whereas their identification process focuses on resources that contribute to 90% of the revenue of each listening report, it achieves an identification rate of around 70% of the resources declared which represent a substantial amount of unprocessed tracks left aside. In this thesis, we investigate the possibility to outperform the current solution and design a new identification model that combines concepts and technologies from various fields including search engines, string metrics and machine learning. First, the identification process used by the organization was reproduced and refined to quickly process the most trivial cases. On top of this, an identification algorithm that relies on a machine learning framework was built to process non-trivial cases. This method showed very promising results since it achieves an identification rate and a false discovery rate of the order of those of the current solution without the use of a dedicated team of experts.Detta examensarbete bidrar till ett samarbetsprojekt mellan IBM och en upphovsrättsorganisation, som samlar in och distribuerar royalties till upphovsmän. Projektet syftade till att hjälpa denna organisation att identifiera upphovsrättsinnehavare för musikverk som spelas på strömmande plattformar. Givet en verklista med metadata, såsom artistnamn, titlar och lyssningsstatistik, var målet att matcha varje rad med motsvarande element i organisationens dokumentation. Eftersom varje musikdistributör har sin egen musikkatalog kan det vara svårt att hitta rätt upphovsman för ett givet verk. I praktiken har denna organisation ett arbetslag som hanterar de icke triviala fallen manuellt. Detta sökarbete fokuserar på resurser som bidrar till 90% av intäkterna för varje lyssningsrapport, och uppnår en identifieringsgrad på omkring 70%. En betydande mängd obearbetade lyssningsrapporter lämnas alltså åt sidan, vilket leder till förluster för rättighetsinnehavarna. I föreliggande arbete undersöktes möjligheten att överträffa den nuva- rande lösningen. En ny identifieringsmodell utformades som kombinerar begrepp och teknik från olika områden, inklusive sökmotorer, strängmätningar och maskininlärning. För det första reproducerades och förfinades identifieringsprocessen som användes av organisationen för att snabbt behandla de mest triviala fallen. Utöver detta tillkommer en identifieringsalgoritm som bygger på maskininlärning, för att behandla icke triviala fall. Metoden uppvisade mycket lovande resultat; den uppnår en identifieringstakt och en felprocent av samma storleksordning som den nuvarande lösningen, utan att använda människor som experter.
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Andreassen, Trine S. "Physical activity through generations : Family linkage data from the HUNT Study." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for nevromedisin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25600.
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The aim of this study was to investigate familial associations in leisure time physical activity. We used data form the HUNT study, where we included parents form HUNT1 (1984-1986) and their adult offspring form HUNT3 (2006-2008). The family relationship between parents and their offspring was found using their unique 11-digit personal identification number at Statistics Norway. The analysis consisted of 24 649 mother-offspring pairs, 20 965 father-offspring pairs, and we also constructed 17 692 trios including mother, father and offspring. We measured leisure time physical activity in three different perspectives. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR). All analysis were adjusted by possible confounders; parental age, body mass index (BMI), education level, and smoking habits. The results showed that offspring physical activity level was associated with parental physical activity level; offspring of parents who were highly physically active had lower OR of inactivity, than those of parents who were less active or inactive. We also found that offspring of parents who were physically active had a higher OR of being physically active themselves. These associations became stronger the more physically active the parents were. Finally, the results show that physical activity in either parent was associated with a reduced OR, partly irrespective of the other parent physical activity level. In conclusion, with this population-based family study, we found consistent associations between parents and their adult offspring for all three leisure time physical activity measures studied. Keywords: genetic epidemiology, familial relationship, adult offspring, public health, physical activity.
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Welford, John Anthony. "Nominal record linkage : the development of computer strategies to achieve the family-based record linkage of nineteenth century demographic data." Thesis, n.p, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Boyd, James Hutchison. "Record Linkage Techniques: Exploring and developing data matching methods to create national record linkage infrastructure to support population level research." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54163.
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In a world where the growth in digital information and systems continues to expand, researchers have access to unprecedented amounts of data. These large and complex data reservoirs require creative, innovative and scalable tools to unlock the potential of this ‘big data’. Record linkage is a powerful tool in the ‘big data’ arsenal. This thesis demonstrates the value of national record linkage infrastructure and how this has been achieved for the Australian research community.
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Leepe, Khadija Akter. "Felligi-Sunter Mixed Model And Beta Record Linkage Approach To Integrate Business Data With Social Data." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67993.
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Li, Xin. "Haplotype Inference from Pedigree Data and Population Data." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259867573.
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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-12-30) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Xu, Zhiying. "A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LINKAGE METHOD FOR LONGITUDINAL PEDIGREE DATA AND ITS APPLICATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1161879583.
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Hopf, Yvonne Marina. "Data linkage for paediatric pharmacovigilance : views of healthcare professionals about the secondary use of administrative NHS data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189504.
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Background: Paediatric pharmacovigilance is a recognised priority due to the vulnerability of children to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The UK Yellow Card Scheme is central to pharmacovigilance, but other complementary methods have been suggested. The introduction of the community health index (CHI) in all NHS contacts in Scotland provides opportunities to link prescribing and health utilization data and thereby identify new ADR signals. The views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the linkage of NHS data for pharmacovigilance purposes in children have not been explored: the aim of this research was to explore the acceptability of linking routinely collected healthcare data to inform the design of a new system for pharmacovigilance in children. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted involving interviews, focus-groups and a threeround Delphi survey with HCPs in Scotland. The survey was structured using the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change. Results were triangulated. Ethical approval was granted by the North of Scotland Research Ethics Service. Results Interviews (n=23) identified issues with security, anonymisation and legal challenges that should be addressed prior to implementation. Focus-group participants (n=22, 6 groups) additionally identified potential issues with the feasibility of the planned data linkage and latent liability issues from dissemination of findings. The Delphi survey initially covered the issues identified in the preceding work. Retained items after three rounds focused on professional standards, requirements for linkage and the use and format of feedback. The proposed data linkage was perceived as positive and necessary, with participants in all three studies highlighting the benefits for research and for patients. Conclusion: The development of a paediatric linked database has support from professional stakeholders and HCPs in Scotland. The proposed data linkage was perceived to meet a service need. No insurmountable issues were identified, but key issues should be addressed prior to implementation.
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Davies, Hywel Rhodri. "Nominal record linkage of historical data : procedures and applications in a North Wales parish." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238880.
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Boufous, Soufiane Public Health & Communtiy Medicine UNSW. "Reporting injury in older people: epidemiological profile and knowledge gains from data linkage." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health and Communtiy Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25159.
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As the populations ages rapidly, injury in older people is increasingly becoming a major health problem. This thesis examines the epidemiology of common injuries in older people and how data linkage can improve injury surveillance as well as knowledge about the circumstances and outcomes of injury in older people. These issues are explored using data from New South Wales, Australia and the emphasis is on injuries resulting from falls and traffic crashes as the most common mechanisms of injury in older people. The epidemiology and trends of hospitalisations as a result of hip, pelvic and wrist fractures are examined using NSW hospitalisation data during the 1990's. Internal data linkage of the 2000-2001 NSW hospitalisation data is used to eliminate double counting of hospital admissions for injurious falls in older people and to assess the validity and estimate the effects of previously used approaches on the incidence of hospitalised falls. Probabilistic data linkage of hospital and police crash records for the same year is also used to examine data quality in both collections and to explore the relationship between the circumstances and outcomes of injury in older drivers injured in a traffic crash. The findings of the epidemiological profile of hip, pelvic and wrist fractures in older people indicate that they are likely to continue to impose a considerable burden on acute health care services. The internal linkage of hospital data shows that data linkage techniques allow the identification of incident cases of hospitalised falls and point to the low validity of previously used approaches to estimate the incidence of these cases. Record linkage of hospital and police records demonstrates the limitations of using the datasets separately to examine the burden of traffic injuries in older people and shows the importance of environmental factors, complex road intersections in particular, in high injury severity in older drivers. The thesis also discusses some of the challenges of using record linkage for injury research and highlights the importance of including the date of injury and a unique personal identifier to improve the surveillance and reporting of injuries, including those in older people.
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Liu, Lian. "Topics in measurement error and missing data problems." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1627.
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Synnestvedt, Marie B. Lin Xia. "Data preparation for biomedical knowledge domain visualization : a probabilistic record linkage and information fusion approach to citation data /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2532.
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Watson, Angela L. "Piecing the puzzle together : enhancing the quality of road trauma surveillance through linkage of police and health data." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79394/1/Angela%20Watson%20Thesis.pdf.
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This program of research linked police and health data collections to investigate the potential benefits for road safety in terms of enhancing the quality of data. This research has important implications for road safety because, although police collected data has historically underpinned efforts in the area, it is known that many road crashes are not reported to police and that these data lack specific injury severity information. This research shows that data linkage provides a more accurate quantification of the severity and prevalence of road crash injuries which is essential for: prioritising funding; targeting interventions; and estimating the burden and cost of road trauma.
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Fisher, Diana. "Convergence analysis of MCMC method in the study of genetic linkage with missing data." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=568.
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Palinauskas, Vaidas. "Experimental investigation of avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium, Haemosporida): linkage of traditional and molecular data." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091228_152544-10430.
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Avian malaria parasites are responsible for severe diseases in some domestic and wild birds. These parasites are cosmopolitan in distribution; they are widespread in Europe, including the Baltic region. A peculiarity of current studies of avian Plasmodium species is that information about ecology, distribution, prevalence and other aspects of their biology has been accumulated using free-living birds. To elucidate the significance of malaria infections and their impact on host fitness, behaviour, sexual selection and parasite-host co-evolution, experimental information about Plasmodium spp. virulence, specificity and dynamics of parasitemia in different avian hosts is crucial. Unfortunately such studies remain uncommon.
Theobjective of this study was to obtain new field and laboratory experimental data about the biology of avian malaria parasites and to link PCR-based information with data from traditional parasitology.
It was demonstrated that prevalence of avian malaria and other haemosporidian parasites is estimated equally well by microscopy and currently used nested PCR-based methods. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. So we encourage using both these tools in parallel during studies of haemosporidians. Lineages for molecular identification of P. relictum (lineage SGS1) and P. circumflexum (TURDUS1) were determined, also new methods of single cell dissection, DNA extraction and PCR-based analysis of avian malaria and closely related blood parasites were... [to full text]Paukščių maliariniai parazitai sukelia pavojingas naminių ir laukinių paukščių ligas. Šie parazitai dažnai sutinkami įvairiose paukščių grupėse ir yra plačiai paplitę Europoje, tame tarpe ir Baltijos regione. Dabartinių maliarinių parazitų studijų ypatumas yra tas, kad informacija apie šių parazitų ekologiją, paplitimą, įvairovę ir kitus biologijos aspektus yra surenkama iš laisvai gyvenančių paukščių. Vertinant maliarinių parazitų įtaką paukščių fizinei būklei, elgsenai, lytinei atrankai ir parazitų-šeimininkų ko-evoliucijai yra būtina surinkti informaciją apie maliarinių parazitų specifiškumą, virulentiškumą ir parazitemijos vystymąsi skirtinguose paukščiuose. Tokie duomenys gali būti gaunami atliekant eksperimentinius tyrimus. Deja, tokių studijų kol kas yra nedaug. Disertacijos tikslas – lauko ir eksperimentinių tyrimų pagalba surinkti naują medžiagą apie paukščių maliarinių parazitų biologiją bei susieti PGR paremtais metodais gautą informaciją su tradicinės parazitologijos duomenimis. Šių tyrimų metu įrodyta, kad PGR paremtų ir tradicinės parazitologijos (mikroskopijos) metodų, naudojamų tiriant paukščių maliarinius parazitus ir kitas hemosporidijas, tikslumas nesiskiria. Abu metodai turi savų privalumų ir trūkumų, todėl rekomenduojame naudoti mikroskopijos ir PGR paremtų metodų kombinaciją. Taip pat išvystytas Plasmodium relictum (linija SGS1) ir P. circumflexum (TURDUS1) molekulinis identifikavimas, bei sukurti nauji paukščių maliarinių ir susijusių kraujo parazitų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Harron, K. "Evaluating data linkage techniques for the analysis of bloodstream infection in paediatric intensive care." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1419509/.
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Errors that occur during linkage of individual-level data from different sources can lead to substantial bias in analyses of linked data. This thesis aims to develop methods for handling linkage error, and to evaluate these methods in the context of using linked administrative data to support randomised controlled trials. Firstly, the thesis describes the process required for linkage of national data on paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and bloodstream infection (BSI) surveillance (PICANet and LabBase2). I illustrate the complex steps required, from understanding the structure of the data to calculation of probabilistic match weights and evaluation of linkage quality. This provides a generalisable guide for linkage of administrative data in other contexts. Secondly, the thesis develops methods for handling uncertainty in linkage by extending the multiple imputation framework to the context of data linkage, using prior-informed imputation (PII). Comparison of results from traditional probabilistic linkage, standard multiple imputation and PII showed that PII minimised the bias associated with linkage of incomplete identifiers in PICANet and LabBase2. Finally, linked PICANet-LabBase2 data are used to assess the generalisability of results from a trial of standard versus impregnated central venous catheters (CVCs) in PICU. Trial results are not yet available. However assuming a relative risk of 0.06-0.44 for BSI using impregnated CVCs (based on a meta-analysis in adults), an estimated 163-311 BSI could be avoided in 2014 by using impregnated CVCs for all children in PICU. This thesis highlights the need to assess the impact of linkage error on results and demonstrates the importance of using alternative statistical methods such as PII for handling linkage error within analysis. This work addresses the challenges of exploiting administrative data for research and illustrates the value of linking these data to answer research questions that would otherwise not have been possible.
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Kennedy, Mari-Rose. "Ethical aspects of linkage to routine individual data in epidemiological research involving young people." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687286.
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This thesis explores the ethical issues raised by linkage to routine administrative data specifically in relation to longitudinal birth-cohort studies. An established birth-cohort based at the University of Bristol, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC) forms the case study for this investigation. In undertaking this research I used an integrated empirical ethics approach, conducting a qualitative investigation of stakeholder perspectives in the Project to Enhance ALSPAC through Record Linkage (PEARL), and utilising the data generated to reflect upon relevant issues raised in the research ethics literature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in PEARL: researchers (n=6), individuals involved in the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee (n=6), and young people who are members of the cohort (n=24). The aims were to explore the experiences and perspectives of these participants to gain a contextualised and nuanced understanding of the ethical issues raised by the use of administrative data in longitudinal birth-cohort research. The data were thematically analysed and core themes of understanding, special trusting relationships and intimacy were identified that explained the ALSPAC research environment. The significant ethical issues pertaining to data linkage were identified in the main themes of benefits, burdens and informed consent. It was found that the specific research environment of ALSPAC was important in shaping the nature of ethical issues in relation to data linkage, and influential in terms of how participants understood and acted in relation to these issues in practice. By reflecting on the findings of this study and the research ethics literature, recommendations are made for the practice of data linkage. This study adds both to empirical and ethical knowledge about the ethical issues raised by data linkage, by specifically examining it in relation to longitudinal birth-cohort studies and stakeholders; which are currently under-researched areas in this field.
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Wan, Shuyan. "Likelihood-based procedures for obtaining confidence intervals of disease Loci with general pedigree data." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1164815591.
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Sinha, Moumita. "ESTIMATION OF HAPLOTYPE FREQUENCIES FROM DATA ON UNRELATED PEOPLE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1164801319.
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Kariminia, Azar Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Death among a cohort of prisoners in New South Wales Australia ??? a data linkage study." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32476.
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This thesis examines mortality rates among adults who experienced full-time imprisonment in New South Wales between January 1988 and December 2002, by record linkage to the Australian National Death Index. The cohort included 76383 men and 8820 women. Over a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 5137 deaths (4724 men, 423 women) were identified. Three hundred and three deaths (295 men, eight women) occurred in custody. The median age at death was 36.6 years for men and 32.7 years for women. The prominent causes of death were drug overdose, suicide, accidental and cardiovascular disease. The crude mortality rate was 797 per 100000 person-years for men and 685 per 100000 person-years for women. Risk of mortality was 3.7 times greater in male and 7.8 times greater in female prisoners than the standard population. The excess mortality was substantially raised following release from prison in both men (standardised mortality ratio 4.0 vs 1.7) and women (standardised mortality ratio 8.2 vs 2.1). The period of highest risk of death was the first two weeks after release. Drug overdose was the main cause of death, responsible for 68% of the deaths in the first two weeks for men and for 90% of the deaths in this period for women. In men, there was also a clustering of suicide directly after release. Prisoners admitted to prison psychiatric hospital, repeat offenders and those in the early stage of followup were at increased risk of mortality. Violent offenders were overrepresented in suicide figures and property offenders in death from overdose. Minority groups, in particular men, had a lower risk of death than white people. The above findings reinforce how disadvantaged prisoners are, measured by mortality as the most fundamental scale of human wellbeing. Prison represents a potential opportunity for treatment and public health intervention to address some of the health problems underlying the high mortality found in this study. The key challenge is, however, to provide a continuum of care between the prison and community.
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Galal, Ushma. "The statistical theory underlying human genetic linkage analysis based on quantitative data from extended families." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2684_1361989724.
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Traditionally in human genetic linkage analysis, extended families were only used in the analysis of dichotomous traits, such as Disease/No Disease. For quantitative traits, analyses initially focused on data from family trios (for example, mother, father, and child) or sib-pairs. Recently however, there have been two very important developments in genetics: It became clear that if the disease status of several generations of a family is known and their genetic information is obtained, researchers can pinpoint which pieces of genetic material are linked to the disease or trait. It also became evident that if a trait is quantitative (numerical), as blood pressure or viral loads are, rather than dichotomous, one has much more power for the same sample size. This led to the
development of statistical mixed models which could incorporate all the features of the data, including the degree of relationship between each pair of family members. This is necessary because a parent-child pair definitely shares half their genetic material, whereas a pair of cousins share, on average, only an eighth. The statistical methods involved here have however been developed by geneticists, for their specific studies, so there does not seem to be a unified and general description of the theory underlying the methods. The aim of this dissertation is to explain in a unified and statistically comprehensive manner, the theory involved in the analysis of quantitative trait genetic data from extended families. The focus is on linkage analysis: what it is and what it aims to do.
There is a step-by-step build up to it, starting with an introduction to genetic epidemiology. This includes an explanation of the relevant genetic terminology. There is also an application section where an appropriate human genetic family dataset is analysed, illustrating the methods explained in the theory sections.
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Song, Yeunjoo E. "New Score Tests for Genetic Linkage Analysis in a Likelihood Framework." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1354561219.
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Morris, Nathan J. "Multivariate and Structural Equation Models for Family Data." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1247004562.
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Kotze, E., and T. McDonald. "A longitudinal patient record for patients receiving antiretroviral treatment." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/598.
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Published ArticleIn response to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in the country, the South African Government started with the provisioning of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in the public health sector. Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the ART programme is of the utmost importance. The current patient information system could not supply the required information to manage the rollout of the ART programme. A data warehouse, consisting of several data marts, was developed that integrated several disparate systems related to HIV/AIDS/ART into one system. It was, however, not possible to trace a patient across all the data marts in the data warehouse. No unique identifiers existed for the patient records in the different data marts and they also had different structures. Record linkage in conjunction with a mapping process was used to link all the data marts and in so doing identify the same patient in all the data marts. This resulted in a longitudinal patient record of an ART patient that displayed all the treatments received by the patient in all public health care facilities in the province.
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Khou, Victor. "Mortality and Kidney Failure: An Epidemiological Enquiry Using Linked Health Data." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26201.
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Patients with kidney failure (KF) experience high mortality and morbidity. Treatment options include kidney replacement therapy (KRT) with dialysis or kidney transplantation, or palliation. In 2018, cardiovascular disease and withdrawal from KRT were the most common causes of death in KF in Australia and New Zealand, each accounting for almost 1/3 of deaths. Effective healthcare delivery requires accurate mortality and morbidity data from clinical-quality registers. Data linkage of these registers with administrative datasets can provide insights into disease burden and optimal resource allocation.
The first aim of this thesis was to describe deaths from KRT withdrawal and investigate their certified causes of death using data linkage with national administrative registers. Of 60,823 KF patients, there were 8,111 KRT withdrawal deaths. Withdrawal-related mortality doubled from 1995 to 2013, and was higher in females and older age groups. In administrative registers, kidney disease was reported as the underlying cause of death in 20% of withdrawal cases and a contributing cause in 62%, but was omitted in 18%. Reliance on administrative registers for end-of-life care planning may underestimate the true burden of KRT withdrawal.
The second aim was to evaluate risk of cardiac/vascular death in KF. Cardiac/vascular deaths were identified from ICD-10-AM codes in national administrative registers. Among 60,823 KF patients, 15.6% died from cardiac/vascular causes within 15 years of KRT initiation. In the first year of dialysis, cardiac/vascular mortality peaked in the second month and showed little improvement over calendar era. Cardiovascular disease was a risk factor for composite graft failure and death post-transplant. Greater focus on prevention strategies may improve outcomes in KF, especially early on in KRT.
This thesis illustrates how linked data can provide insights into mortality trends and care burden, particularly in KRT withdrawal and cardiac/vascular deaths. Additional linkage of patients managed in conservative care pathways may further guide healthcare service provision in KF.
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Erion, Gabriel Gandhi. "Addressing Missing Data in Viral Genetic Linkage Analysis Through Multiple Imputation and Subsampling-Based Likelihood Optimization." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417574.
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This thesis addresses the intersection of two important areas in epidemiology and statistics: genetic linkage analysis and missing data methods, respectively. Genetic linkage analysis is a promising method in viral epidemiology which involves learning about transmission patterns by studying clusters of similar gene sequences. For example, similar sequences found in a pair of geographically distinct communities may imply disease transmission between the two locations. However, this analysis is sensitive to missing data, which can introduce substantial bias. This thesis presents a multiple-imputation approach which corrects for much, though not all, of the bias in genetic linkage analysis. It also introduces a novel resampling-based approach that generates a weighted distribution of complete datasets and is even more effective than imputation for reducing bias. This work highlights the importance of missing data in genetic linkage studies and presents ways to provide more accurate epidemiological information by correcting for missing data. The new resampling-based approach presented in this paper is also general enough to be applied to many types of missing-data problems involving complex datasets; such broader applications are a promising avenue for future research.Applied Mathematics
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Josko, Troselj. "FLUVIAL INFLUENCE ON ESTUARINE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES AND LINKAGE OF ITS OUTFLOW DATA TO COASTAL MODELING." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217745.
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Katzenellenbogen, Judith Masha. "Use of data linkage to enhance burden of disease estimates in Western Australia : the example of stroke." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0117.
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[Truncated abstract] The Disability-Adjusted Life Year index, developed by the Global Burden of Disease Study, is used extensively to compare disease burden between locations and over time. While calculation of the fatal component of this measure, Years of Life Lost, is relatively straight-forward, the non-fatal component, Years Lived with Disability, is based on parameters that are challenging to estimate. This thesis pioneers the use of the Western Australian Data Linkage System to enhance epidemiological parameters underpinning Years Lived with Disability, providing, by way of illustration, a robust quantitative profile of burden of stroke in the state of Western Australia at the turn of the 21st century. The principal methodological objective was to utilise data linkage analytic methods for the specific requirements of burden of disease estimation. The principal stroke-related objectives were: 1. To estimate the parameters underpinning the non-fatal burden of stroke (Years Lived with Disability) in Western Australia in 2000. 2. To estimate the total burden of stroke (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) in Western Australia in 2000. 3. To investigate differentials in stroke burden between different sub-populations in Western Australia. 4. To calculate projections of stroke burden for Western Australia in 2016. Years Lived with Disability from stroke were calculated for Western Australia from nonfatal stroke incidence, expected duration and disability (severity) weights. Non-fatal incidence was estimated using linked hospital and death records of first-ever hospitalised stroke 28-day survivors in 2000. This was then adjusted for out-of-hospital cases determined from the population-based Perth Community Stroke Study. iv Analysis of mortality in hospitalised 28-day survivors using linked data revealed that the excess mortality in prevalent, rather than incident cases was the main disease-specific parameter required for modelling stroke duration using DisMod II specialised software. ... Access to data linkage and population-based stroke studies in Western Australia allowed more accurate estimation of non-fatal stroke burden, with previous reports most likely underestimating disability as a contributor to total burden. Although predominantly affecting the growing aged population, stroke also affects a sizable number under the age of 65 years, the age group where differentials in stroke burden are the greatest. The findings highlight the continued need for primary prevention efforts for all ages, targeting especially younger people in disadvantaged groups. The shift to greater disability burden in the future and the needs of disadvantaged groups must be considered when planning stroke services. The multiple studies undertaken for this thesis contribute to ongoing improvement of data quality and methodological refinements underpinning estimates of Years Lived with Disability, specifically for stroke, but applicable also to other diseases. Similar linked data approaches can be used in other Australian states in the future once infrastructure is developed, thereby improving estimates of disease burden for health policy and planning in the future.
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Fjeld, Mats Kirkeby. "Chronic hip and knee pain in parents and theiradult offspring: family linkage data from the HUNT study." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for nevromedisin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25603.
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Background: Pain is a complex subjective sensation and is considered to be a huge global health concern. Several studies have suggested pain and chronic pain to cluster within families, but these studies have mainly focused on fibromyalgia and spinal pain. However, there is little knowledge concerning intergenerational transfer of chronic pain in knees and hips. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate a possible association between parents and their adult offspring occurrence of chronic knee and hip pain, and further to examine if a potential association is stronger for subjects with higher levels of pain due to osteoarthritis. Method: This study is based on answers from 11 080 parent-offspring trios participating in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). The HUNT study includes health and lifestyle related questions - including occurrence and localization of chronic pain. Through a linkage with the Family Registry at Statistics Norway, relations between adult offspring and parents in the HUNT data were established (parental data from HUNT2 (1995-97) and offspring data from HUNT3 (2006-08)). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) for the association between parents and their adult offspring occurrence of chronic pain in knee and hip. Results: Overall, 4.9% (542) of the sons and 8% (886) of the daughters reported knee pain, whereas corresponding figures for hip pain are 3.6% (398) and 9.5% (1053), respectively. The OR for chronic knee pain when mothers reported chronic knee pain was 1.8 (95% CI 1.5-2.2) in daughters and 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.6) in sons. When father reported knee pain the OR was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4) in daughters and 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.6) in sons. The OR for chronic hip pain when mothers reported chronic hip pain was 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.8) in daughters and 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8) in sons. When fathers reported hip pain the OR was 1.4 (95%CI 1.2-1.7) in daughters and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-1.9) in sons. If the pain was accompanied by osteoarthritis, the association was somewhat stronger in sons, compared to the association from the main analyses. Conclusion: In this present study, the results indicate an overall increased OR for chronic knee and hip pain among adult offspring of parents reporting chronic pain in the same region. Although genetic and environmental effects cannot be separated in this study, these results suggest a heritable component in the occurrence of chronic knee and hip pain.
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Lubovac, Zelmina. "Evaluation of clusterings of gene expression data." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-484.
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Recent literature has investigated the use of different clustering techniques for analysis of gene expression data. For example, self-organizing maps (SOMs) have been used to identify gene clusters of clear biological relevance in human hematopoietic differentiation and the yeast cell cycle (Tamayo et al., 1999). Hierarchical clustering has also been proposed for identifying clusters of genes that share common roles in cellular processes (Eisen et al., 1998; Michaels et al., 1998; Wen et al., 1998). Systematic evaluation of clustering results is as important as generating the clusters. However, this is a difficult task, which is often overlooked in gene expression studies. Several gene expression studies claim success of the clustering algorithm without showing a validation of complete clusterings, for example Ben-Dor and Yakhini (1999) and Törönen et al. (1999).
In this dissertation we propose an evaluation approach based on a relative entropy measure that uses additional knowledge about genes (gene annotations) besides the gene expression data. More specifically, we use gene annotations in the form of an enzyme classification hierarchy, to evaluate clusterings. This classification is based on the main chemical reactions that are catalysed by enzymes. Furthermore, we evaluate clusterings with pure statistical measures of cluster validity (compactness and isolation).
The experiments include applying two types of clustering methods (SOMs and hierarchical clustering) on a data set for which good annotation is available, so that the results can be partly validated from the viewpoint of biological relevance.
The evaluation of the clusters indicates that clusters obtained from hierarchical average linkage clustering have much higher relative entropy values and lower compactness and isolation compared to SOM clusters. Clusters with high relative entropy often contain enzymes that are involved in the same enzymatic activity. On the other hand, the compactness and isolation measures do not seem to be reliable for evaluation of clustering results.
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Savalli, Antonino. "Tecniche analitiche per “Open Data”." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17476/.
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L’ultimo decennio ha reso estremamente popolare il concetto di Open Government, un modello di amministrazione aperto che fonda le sue basi sui principi di trasparenza, partecipazione e collaborazione. Nel 2011, nasce il progetto Dati.gov.it, un portale che ha il ruolo di “catalogo nazionale dei metadati relativi ai dati rilasciati in formato aperto dalle pubbliche amministrazioni italiane”.
L'obiettivo della tesi è fornire un efficace strumento per ricercare, usare e confrontare le informazioni presenti sul portale Dati.gov.it, individuando tra i dataset similarità che possano risolvere e/o limitare l’eterogeneità dei dati presenti.
Il progetto consiste nello sviluppo su tre aree di studio principali: Standard di Open Data e Metadata, Record Linkage e Data Fusion. Nello specifico, sono state implementate sette funzioni contenute in un'unica libreria.
La funzione search permette di ricercare all'interno del portale dati.gov.it. La funzione ext permette di estrarre le informazioni da sette formati sorgente: csv, json, xml, xls, rdf, pdf e txt. La funzione pre-process permette il Data Cleaning. La funzione find_claims è il cuore del progetto, perché contiene l'algoritmo di Text Mining che stabilisce una relazione tra i dataset individuando le parole in comune che hanno una sufficiente importanza all'interno del contesto. La funzione header_linkage permette di trovare la similarità tra i nomi degli attributi di due dataset, consigliando quali attributi concatenare. In modo analogo, record_linkage permette di trovare similarità tra i valori degli attributi di due dataset, consigliando quali attributi concatenare. Infine, la funzione merge_keys permette di fondere i risultati di header_linkage e record_linkage.
I risultati sperimentali hanno fornito feedback positivi sul funzionamento dei principali metodi implementati per quanto concerne la similarità sintattica tra due dataset.
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Hu, Jun. "Privacy-Preserving Data Integration in Public Health Surveillance." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19994.
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With widespread use of the Internet, data is often shared between organizations in B2B health care networks. Integrating data across all sources in a health care network would be useful to public health surveillance and provide a complete view of how the overall network is performing. Because of the lack of standardization for a common data model across organizations, matching identities between different locations in order to link and aggregate records is difficult. Moreover, privacy legislation controls the use of personal information, and health care data is very sensitive in nature so the protection of data privacy and prevention of personal health information leaks is more important than ever. Throughout the process of integrating data sets from different organizations, consent (explicitly or implicitly) and/or permission to use must be in place, data sets must be de-identified, and identity must be protected. Furthermore, one must ensure that combining data sets from different data sources into a single consolidated data set does not create data that may be potentially re-identified even when only summary data records are created.
In this thesis, we propose new privacy preserving data integration protocols for public health surveillance, identify a set of privacy preserving data integration patterns, and propose a supporting framework that combines a methodology and architecture with which to implement these protocols in practice. Our work is validated with two real world case studies that were developed in partnership with two different public health surveillance organizations.
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Pinha, André Teixeira. "Monitoramento de doadores de sangue através de integração de bases de texto heterogêneas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Márcio Katsumi OikawaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2016.
Através do relacionamento probabilístico de bases de dados é possível obter informações que a análise individual ou manual de bases de dados não proporcionaria. Esse trabalho visa encontrar, através do relacionamento probabilístico de registros, doadores de sangue da base de dados da Fundação Pró-Sangue (FPS) no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), nos anos de 2001 a 2006, favorecendo assim a manutenção de hemoderivados da instituição, inferindo se determinado doador veio à óbito. Para tal, foram avaliadas a eficiência de diferentes chaves de blocking que foram aplicadas em um conjunto de softwares gratuitos de record linkage e no software implementado para uso específico do estudo, intitulado SortedLink. Nos estudos, os registros foram padronizados e apenas os que possuíam dados da mãe cadastrados foram utilizados. Para avaliar a eficiência das chaves de blocking, foram selecionados 100.000 registros aleatoriamente das bases de dados SIM e FPS, e adicionados 30 registros de validação para cada conjunto. Sendo que o software SortedLink, implementado no trabalho, foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados e foi utilizado para obter os resultados dos possíveis pares de registros na base total de dados, 1.709.819 de registros para o SIM e 334.077 para o FPS. Além disso, o estudo também avalia a eficiência dos algoritmos de codificação fonética SOUNDEX, tipicamente utilizado no processo de record linkage, e do BRSOUND, desenvolvido para codificação de nomes e sobrenomes oriundos da língua portuguesa do Brasil.
Through probabilistic record linkage of databases is possible to obtain information that the individual or manual analysis of databases do not provide. This work aims to find, through probabilistic record relationship, blood donors from the database of Fundação Pró-Sangue (FPS) in the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) from Brazil, in the year 2001 to 2006, thus favoring maintenance blood products of the institution, inferring whether a donor came to death. For this purpose, we evaluated the effectiveness of different blocking keys that were applied to a set of free software record linkage and a software implemented for specific use of the study, entitled SortedLink. In the studies, the records were standardized and only those who had registered mother information were used. To assess the effectiveness of blocking keys were selected randomly 100, 000 records of SIM and FPS databases, and added 30 validation records for each set. Since the SortedLink software, implemented in this work, showed the best results, it was used to obtain the results of the possible pairs of records in the total database, 1.709.819 records from SIM and 334.077 from FPS. In addition, the study also evaluated the efficiency of SOUNDEX phonetic encoding algorithms, typically used in the record linkage process and the BRSOUND, developed for encoding names and surnames derived from the Portuguese language of Brazil.
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Perez, Katherine, Wendy Weijermars, Niels Bos, Ashleigh Filtness, Robert Bauer, Heiko Johannsen, Nina Nuyttens, et al. "Implications of estimating road traffic serious injuries from hospital data." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72269.
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To determine accurately the number of serious injuries at EU level and to compare serious injury rates between different countries it is essential to use a common definition. In January 2013, the High Level Group on Road Safety established the definition of serious injuries as patients with an injury level of MAIS3+(Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale). Whatever the method used for estimating the number or serious injuries, at some point it is always necessary to use hospital records. The aim of this paper is to understand the implications for (1) in/exclusion criteria applied to case selection and (2) a methodological approach for converting ICD (International Classification of Diseases/Injuries) to MAIS codes, when estimating the number of road traffic serious injuries from hospital data. A descriptive analysis with hospital data from Spain and the Netherlands was carried out to examine the effect of certain choices concerning in- and exclusion criteria based on codes of the ICD9-CM and ICD10. The main parameters explored were: deaths before and after 30 days, readmissions, and external injury causes. Additionally, an analysis was done to explore the impact of using different conversion tools to derive MAIS3 + using data from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain. Recommendations are given regarding the in/exclusion criteria and when there is incomplete data to ascertain a road injury, weighting factors could be used to correct data deviations and make more real estimations.
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Wang, Yang. "Gene Discovery for Age-related Macular Degeneration." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228364622.
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Mathew, Saira A. "Length of stay and discharge outcomes among older adults hospitalized with trauma-related fractures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120852/1/Saira_Mathew_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined three phases of hospital care among older adults with trauma- related fractures, which were acute hospitalisation for fracture management, subacute hospital rehabilitation and re-presentations to emergency departments, as well as mortality after hospitalization. The factors associated with longer length of stay, discharge to residential aged care, emergency department re-presentations and premature mortality will inform future research and those seeking to improve management of older adults presenting to hospitals with fractures affecting the upper limb, lower limb or axial skeleton.
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Samoila, Lavinia Andreea. "Multiple Entity Reconciliation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187010.
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Living in the age of "Big Data" is both a blessing and a curse. On he one hand, the raw data can be analysed and then used for weather redictions, user recommendations, targeted advertising and more. On he other hand, when data is aggregated from multiple sources, there is no guarantee that each source has stored the data in a standardized or even compatible format to what is required by the application. So there is a need to parse the available data and convert it to the desired form. Here is where the problems start to arise: often the correspondences are not quite so straightforward between data instances that belong to the same domain, but come from different sources. For example, in the film industry, information about movies (cast, characters, ratings etc.) can be found on numerous websites such as IMDb or Rotten Tomatoes. Finding and matching all the data referring to the same movie is a challenge. The aim of this project is to select the most efficient algorithm to correlate movie related information gathered from various websites automatically. We have implemented a flexible application that allows us to make the performance comparison of multiple algorithms based on machine learning techniques. According to our experimental results, a well chosen set of rules is on par with the results from a neural network, these two proving to be the most effective classifiers for records with movie information as content.
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Yu, Xuesong. "Statistical methods for analyzing genomic data with consideration of spatial structures /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9553.
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Kelman, Christopher William, and christopher kelman@cmis csiro au. "Monitoring Health Care Using National Administrative Data Collections." The Australian National University. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020620.151547.
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With the inevitable adoption of information technology into all areas of human pursuit, the potential benefits for health care should not be overlooked. In Australia, details of most health care encounters are currently recorded for administrative purposes. This results in an impressive electronic data-bank that could provide a national resource for health service evaluation.
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Evaluation of health services has become increasingly important to provide indicators of the benefits, risks and cost-effectiveness of treatments. However, if administrative data are to be used for this purpose, several questions must first be addressed: Are the current data collections accessible? What outcome measures can be derived from these data? Can privacy issues be managed? Could the quality of the data be improved? Is the existing infrastructure adequate to supply data for evaluation purposes? Could the existing system provide a basis for the development of an integrated health information system?
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The aims of the project were:
· To examine the potential for using administrative data to generate outcome measures and surveillance indicators.
· To investigate the logistics of gaining access to these data for the purpose of research. This to be achieved within the current ethical, political and financial framework.
· To compare the Australian health-service data system with the current international state-of-the-art.
· To develop suggestions for expansion of the present system as part of an integrated health record and information system. This system to manage patient records and provide data for quality management, treatment surveillance and cost-effectiveness evaluation as a routine activity.
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The thesis is presented in two parts. In the first part, a historical cohort study is described that involved patients with implantable medical devices. The potential to evaluate outcomes was investigated using all national health-service information currently available in electronic form. Record linkage techniques were used to combine and augment the existing data collections. Australias national health databases are to varying degrees, amenable to such linkage and cover doctor visits, pharmaceuticals, hospital admissions and deaths. The study focused on medical devices as an illustrative case but the results are applicable to the routine assessment of all medical and surgical interventions.
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For the Australian Medical Devices study, the records of 5,316 patients who had medical device implants in 1993-94 were selected from the archives of a major private health insurer. Five groups of medical implants were studied: heart valves, pacemakers, hips, vascular grafts and intra-optic lenses. Outcomes for these patients, including death, re-operation and health service utilisation, were compared and analysed.
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A comparison study was performed using data from the Manitoba Health database in Winnipeg, Canada. Manitoba provides a very similar demographic group to that found in Australia and is an example of a prototype integrated-health-information system. One of the principal advantages for research is that personally identified data about medical and hospital services are collected for all patients. Selection bias is eliminated because individual consent is not required for this type of research and all selected patients could be included in the study.
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The two studies revealed many barriers to the use of administrative data for health outcomes research. Service event data for the Australian cohort could be collected but only after long delays and hospital morbidity data were not available for the entire cohort. In contrast to the situation in Australia, the Manitoba data were both accessible and complete, but were lacking in detail in some areas.
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Analysis of the collected data demonstrated that without the addition of clinical data only general indications of trends could be deduced. However, with minimal supplementary clinical data, it was possible to examine differences in performance between brands of medical devices thus indicating one of the uses for this type of data collection.
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In the second part of the thesis, conclusions are presented about the potential uses and limitations of the existing system and its use as a basis for the development of a national Integrated Health Record and Information System (IHRIS). The need for the establishment of a systemic quality management system for health care is discussed.
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The study shows that linked administrative data can provide information about health outcomes which is not readily available from other sources. If expanded and integrated, the system that is currently used to collect and manage administrative data, could provide the basis for a national health information system. This system would provide many benefits for health care. Benefits would include the monitoring, surveillance and cost-effectiveness analysis of new and existing treatments involving medical devices, drugs and surgical procedures. An integrated health information system could thus provide for both clinical and administrative needs, while in addition providing data for research.
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Unfortunately, in Australia, the use of administrative data for this purpose is not currently feasible. The principal barrier is the existence of a culture within the Australian health care system which is not supportive of research and is deficient in quality and safety measures.
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Recent initiatives by both the Commonwealth and state governments have supported the introduction of measures to improve quality and safety in health care. It is argued here that an Integrated Health Record and Information System (IHRIS) would provide an essential component of any such scheme. The results of this study have important policy implications for health care management in both the administrative and clinical domains.
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Tsai, Chi-Hong. "A Longitudinal Study on the Linkage between Public Transport Demand and Land Use Characteristics: A Pseudo Panel Approach." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9076.
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This study applies a pseudo panel approach to analyse public transport demand in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (SGMA). A public transport demand model is constructed to incorporate two factors that have been highlighted in the literature of travel behaviour but still under-researched, which are: (i) the temporal effect of demand adjustment; and (ii) the land use characteristics of the built environment. The research gaps in previous applied pseudo panel data research including estimation techniques and issues involved with the applications to public transport are identified and addressed in this study. The pseudo panel approach allows for the identification of long-term demand changes using repeated cross-sectional data, which are collected at an individual level with detailed travel-related information and geographical information. This study constructs static and dynamic pseudo panel data models to analyse public transport demand in terms of its associations with price, socio-economic factors,level of public transport service, and land use factors. The research findings identify the significant determinants of public transport demand in the SGMA, with a distinction between short-run and long-run demand elasticities. This suggests a timeframe of 2.13 years is required to reach the long-run demand equilibrium. The estimated demand elasticities are used to forecast demand for the SGMA with validated results supporting the applicability of the public transport model based on the pseudo panel data. The main contribution of this thesis is the identification of long-run public transport demand elasticities using a pseudo panel dataset created from existing repeated cross-sectional household travel survey data which uses more individual information than aggregate data. This approach enables a longitudinal analysis in the absence of genuine panel data, and this in turn provides important implications for urban public transport planning and policy formulation.
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Miyoshi, Newton Shydeo Brandão. "Arquitetura e métodos de integração de dados e interoperabilidade aplicados na saúde mental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-20072018-100724/.
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A disponibilidade e integração das informações em saúde relativas a um mesmo paciente entre diferentes níveis de atenção ou entre diferentes instituições de saúde é normalmente incompleta ou inexistente. Isso acontece principalmente porque os sistemas de informação que oferecem apoio aos profissionais da saúde não são interoperáveis, dificultando também a gestão dos serviços a nível municipal e regional. Essa fragmentação da informação também é desafiadora e preocupante na área da saúde mental, em que normalmente se exige um cuidado prolongado e que integra diferentes tipos de serviços de saúde. Problemas como a baixa qualidade e indisponibilidade de informações, assim como a duplicidade de registros, são importantes aspectos na gestão e no cuidado prolongado ao paciente portador de transtornos mentais. Apesar disso, ainda não existem estudos objetivos demonstrando o impacto efetivo da interoperabilidade e integração de dados na gestão e na qualidade de dados para a área de saúde mental. Objetivos: Neste contexto, o projeto tem como objetivo geral propor uma arquitetura de interoperabilidade para a assistência em saúde regionalizada e avaliar a efetividade de técnicas de integração de dados e interoperabilidade para a gestão dos atendimentos e internações em saúde mental na região de Ribeirão Preto, assim como o impacto na melhoria e disponibilidade dos dados por meio de métricas bem definidas. Métodos: O framework de interoperabilidade proposto tem como base a arquitetura cliente-servidor em camadas. O modelo de informação de interoperabilidade foi baseado em padrões de saúde internacionais e nacionais. Foi proposto um servidor de terminologias baseado em padrões de informação em saúde. Foram também utilizados algoritmos de Record Linkage para garantir a identificação unívoca do paciente. Para teste e validação da proposta foram utilizados dados de diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde provenientes de atendimentos na rede de atenção psicossocial na região de Ribeirão Preto. Os dados foram extraídos de cinco fontes diferentes: (i) a Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família - I, de Santa Cruz da Esperança; (ii) o Centro de Atenção Integrada à Saúde, de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro; (iii) o Hospital Santa Tereza; (iv) as informações de solicitações de internação contidas no SISAM (Sistema de Informação em Saúde Mental); e (v) dados demográficos do Barramento do Cartão Nacional de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde. As métricas de qualidade de dados utilizadas foram completude, consistência, duplicidade e acurácia. Resultados: Como resultado deste trabalho, foi projetado, desenvolvido e testado a plataforma de interoperabilidade em saúde, denominado eHealth-Interop. Foi adotada uma proposta de interoperabilidade por meio de serviços web com um modelo de integração de dados baseado em um banco de dados centralizador. Foi desenvolvido também um servidor de terminologias, denominado eHealth-Interop Terminology Server, que pode ser utilizado como um componente independente e em outros contextos médicos. No total foram obtidos dados de 31340 registros de pacientes pelo SISAM, e-SUS AB de Santa Cruz da Esperança, do CAIS de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, do Hospital Santa Tereza e do Barramento do CNS do Ministério da Saúde. Desse total, 30,47% (9548) registros foram identificados como presente em mais de 1 fonte de informação, possuindo diferentes níveis de acurácia e completude. A análise de qualidade de dados, abrangendo todas os registros integrados, obteve uma melhoria na completude média de 18,40% (de 56,47% para 74,87%) e na acurácia sintática média de 1,08% (de 96,69% para 96,77%). Na análise de consistência houve melhoras em todas as fontes de informação, variando de uma melhoria mínima de 14.4% até o máximo de 51,5%. Com o módulo de Record Linkage foi possível quantificar, 1066 duplicidades e, dessas, 226 foram verificadas manualmente. Conclusões: A disponibilidade e a qualidade da informação são aspectos importantes para a continuidade do atendimento e gerenciamento de serviços de saúde. A solução proposta neste trabalho visa estabelecer um modelo computacional para preencher essa lacuna. O ambiente de interoperabilidade foi capaz de integrar a informação no caso de uso de saúde mental com o suporte de terminologias clínicas internacionais e nacionais sendo flexível para ser estendido a outros domínios de atenção à saúde.The availability and integration of health information from the same patient between different care levels or between different health services is usually incomplete or non-existent. This happens especially because the information systems that support health professionals are not interoperable, making it difficult to manage services at the municipal and regional level. This fragmentation of information is also challenging and worrying in the area of mental health, where long-term care is often required and integrates different types of health services and professionals. Problems such as poor quality and unavailability of information, as well as duplicate records, are important aspects in the management and long-term care of patients with mental disorders. Despite this, there are still no objective studies that demonstrate the effective impact of interoperability and data integration on the management and quality of data for the mental health area. Objectives: In this context, this project proposes an interoperability architecture for regionalized health care management. It also proposes to evaluate the effectiveness of data integration and interoperability techniques for the management of mental health hospitalizations in the Ribeirão Preto region as well as the improvement in data availability through well-defined metrics. Methods: The proposed framework is based on client-service architecture to be deployed in the web. The interoperability information model was based on international and national health standards. It was proposed a terminology server based on health information standards. Record Linkage algorithms were implemented to guarantee the patient identification. In order to test and validate the proposal, we used data from different health care levels provided by the mental health care network in the Ribeirão Preto region. The data were extracted from five different sources: the Family Health Unit I of Santa Cruz da Esperança, the Center for Integrated Health Care of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, Santa Tereza Hospital, the information on hospitalization requests system in SISAM (Mental Health Information System) and demographic data of the Brazilian Ministry of Health Bus. Results: As a result of this work, the health interoperability platform, called eHealth-Interop, was designed, developed and tested. A proposal was adopted for interoperability through web services with a data integration model based on a centralizing database. A terminology server, called eHealth-Interop Terminology Server, has been developed that can be used as an independent component and in other medical contexts. In total, 31340 patient records were obtained from SISAM, eSUS-AB from Santa Cruz da Esperança, from CAIS from Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, from Santa Tereza Hospital and from the CNS Service Bus from the Brazillian Ministry of Health. 47% (9548) records were identified as present in more than 1 information source, having different levels ofaccuracy and completeness. The data quality analysis, covering all integrated records, obtained an improvement in the average completeness of 18.40% (from 56.47% to 74.87%) and the mean syntactic accuracy of 1.08% (from 96,69% to 96.77%). In the consistency analysis there were improvements in all information sources, ranging from a minimum improvement of 14.4% to a maximum of 51.5%. With the Record Linkage module it was possible to quantify 1066 duplications, of which 226 were manually verified. Conclusions: The information\'s availability and quality are both important aspects for the continuity of care and health services management. The solution proposed in this work aims to establish a computational model to fill this gap. It has been successfully applied in the mental health care context and is flexible to be extendable to other medical domains.
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Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi. "Outcomes of children transferring out of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital HIV cohort using linkage to the National Health Laboratory Service Data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24873.
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Background and Rationale: Paediatric antiretroviral (ART) care in the Western Cape Province (WCP) has evolved following South Africa's (SA) massive roll-out of antiretroviral therapy in 2004 in response to the country's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Decentralization of paediatric ART services was adopted in scaling up access to ART services for children living with HIV. Although children now mainly initiate ART at lower level facilities, sick or very young infants continue to initiate ART at tertiary health facilities and become eligible for transfer to lower level facilities after stabilization at tertiary health facilities. There has been limited assessment of the effectiveness of this model of ART care since its implementation. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine the proportion of children that successfully transferred from Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH) to referral facilities for continued ART within 18 or 48 months of their last appointment at RCWMCH. Successful transfer was defined in two ways: a laboratory test performed by a lower level facility (i) ≤18 months or (ii) ≤48 months after transfer date. The first interval corresponds to guideline recommendations for annual CD4/viral load monitoring; the second captures all children retained in care. Our secondary objectives are as follows: 1. To identify the determinants of successful transfer from RCWMCH. 2. To describe the CD4 and viral load outcomes of children that successfully transferred to referral lower health facilities within WCP. 3. To determine the feasibility of using the SA National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) data for routine monitoring of children transferring between paediatric ART sites. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. The study population was children below the age of 16 years who were initiated onto ART at RCWMCH and transferred out to lower level facilities within the WCP from December 31, 2007 - January 1, 2012. We described children's characteristics before transfer out and post-transfer date. In those who successfully transferred, we compared their immunological and virological status at transfer out and at the first visit within 48 months after the transfer out date, using median change for continuous variables and difference in proportions for categorical variables. Results: Data from 1127 children with median age of 5.6 months (interquartile range [IQR] 3.1-19.9) was included; at ART initiation 85% had WHO stage III/IV disease and 57% were severely immunosuppressed. A total of 725 (64%) children were transferred; 69% (496) and 76% (541) successfully transferred within 18 and 48 months respectively. Since there is about 90% compliance with annual CD4/viral load monitoring guidelines, we estimate that up to 85% of children may have actually successfully transferred. Median time to successful transfer was 5.4 months (IQR 3.7-7.8). Among the 184 children (25%) who did not transfer successfully, 11% returned to RCWMCH. In patients who successfully transferred, median (IQR) CD4% increased between transfer out and first visit post-transfer [25.1% (17.3-33.8%) vs 30.2% (22.9-36.6%), p-value = 0.0000]. Children who had their transfer sites recorded in the database and those transferred before 2010 were identified to be associated with successful transfer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 7.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (2.3-28.5 and aOR 5.21, 95% CI 1.5-18.4 respectively). Conclusion: The proportion of children remaining in HIV care by 48 months after transfer out was at least 76% and 92% of those that transferred successfully reached the referral facility and undergoing a laboratory test within 18 months of transfer out. In children who successfully transferred, CD4% and viral load suppression improved after transfer. This suggests that paediatric ART decentralization is feasible with good outcomes. However, outcomes in those who were lost after transfer out need further investigation.
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Tracey, Elizabeth Ann. "Cancer survival in New South Wales (NSW) and the impact of distance from and access to cancer surgical services: a data linkage study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12548.
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Cancer survival is poorer in rural NSW but specialist cancer surgical services are predominately located in the Sydney region. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether increasing distance from cancer surgical services affects access to those services and ultimately cancer survival. The method used was population based data linkage for patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2008 (data obtained from the NSW Central Cancer Registry database and linked to hospitalisations) and followed to the end of 2008. Distance was measured in kilometres from a person’s home to their hospital of surgery (bladder cancer) or the closest specialist hospital (ovarian and lung cancer) by using geographical coordinates. Associations were modelled using logistic regression and the hazard of death using Cox regression and the survival time parametric method (stpm2). The hazard of death decreased with distance for people with bladder cancer who had a cystectomy. People with ovarian and lung cancer who lived further from specialist surgical hospitals were much more likely to attend general hospitals, have advanced or unknown stage cancer at diagnosis and have limited or no surgery. Understanding the factors that impede referral to specialist surgical hospitals particularly those who live remotely is essential for optimal cancer survival.
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Williams, Teresa Ann. "Long-term outcomes for patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) : a cohort study using linked data." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0005.
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Royal Perth Hospital is the largest hospital in Western Australia and also has the largest intensive care unit (ICU) in the State. It was the first public hospital to provide intensive care services in Western Australia. This thesis examines the intermediateand long-term outcomes of patients admitted to the Royal Perth Hospital ICU between 1987 and 2002. Intermediate-term survival, defined as survival after discharge from hospital to one year and long-term survival, that exceeding one year after discharge, are important outcomes. Information on outcomes can be used by ICU staff in discussions with patients and their families and to inform policy decision-making and future research. The aim of this research was to examine one-year and long-term outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU between 1987 and 2002 and explore the factors that might be associated with the outcomes for 22,298 patients admitted to the ICU. A clinical ICU database was linked to morbidity and mortality databases by Data Linkage WA. A wide range of demographic and clinical factors were examined for their effect on outcome. These included age, sex, comorbidity, severity of illness, organ failure, ICU diagnostic groups, type of admission (medical, elective surgical and non-elective surgical), length of stay in ICU and era of admission (1987-1990, 1991-1994, 1995-1998, 1999-2002). Patients were followed-up to study end, 31st December 2003 or death if it occurred before study end, that is, up to 17 years after the index ICU admission. Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox regression models were used to examine intermediate and long-term survival for patients who survived to hospital discharge. A comparison of admissions to hospital before and after the index ICU admission was made using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Throughout the study period survival for the ICU cohort was shorter when compared to the Australian population. This was consistent throughout the follow-up period. The most important determinants of long-term survival were age, comorbidity, severity of illness and diagnostic group but the strength of association varied with the duration of follow-up. Although age, comorbidity and severity of illness increased among the critically ill survival improved over time. Hospital admissions were more frequent after a discharge from hospital that required an admission to ICU than before the index admission, even after adjusting for the ageing of the cohort. This study provides unique information about the survival and other outcomes of patients discharged from a hospital admission that included an ICU stay. The strength of this study lies in the follow-up to 17 years and the more comprehensive range of explanatory factors than in previous studies. This thesis demonstrates that follow-up studies after intensive care should be of sufficient duration to account for the changes that occur in survival over time and indicates the range of factors that should be taken into account when making comparisons of long-term survival.
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Papachristou, Charalampos. "Constructing confidence regions for the locations of putative trait loci using data from affected sib-pair designs." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124226056.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 122 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center