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Çıbuk, Musa, and Mehmet Sait Cengiz. "Determination of Energy Consumption According to Wireless Network Topologies in Grid-Free Lighting Systems." Volume 28, Number 2, 2020, no. 02-2020 (April 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2019-030vol.
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While Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in various areas nowadays, they also come in front of us in the remote follow up and management of especially main street, road and city lighting systems and in autonomous applications relating with them. This study has been conducted with the aim to determine the energy consumed by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based monitoring and management systems as per topological sequence of lighting systems with renewable energy sources (RES) in a grid-free environment. In this way it was aimed to maximize the life time of WSN which are formed by minimum energy consumption of lighting elements that store energy with accumulator-battery in grid-free RES lighting systems and which use this energy later on. Physical installation of lighting systems having different topological distributions will show differences with respect to costs, labour force and time. Starting from here on, different topologies for grid-free lighting systems have been created in simulation environment and they have been analyzed and an optimal solution has been searched for. Energy consumptions of each lighting system having linear, random and tree lighting topology have been determined during data exchange. For each topology lighting systems with 25, 50, 100 and 200 armatures have been designed and their energy consumptions for data exchange have been found. It has been seen that data packages were influenced at first degree from node hopping numbers within topology and as being parallel to this, it has been seen that topology consuming most energy was linear lighting and that topology consuming minimum energy was tree lighting.
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Ahmad Shakri, Md Rajuna Bin, Rozana Binti Zakaria, and Badrul Hisham Bin Abd Samad. "Determining Relationship between Physical Health Care Settings and Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2460.
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Healthy indoor air environment quality is needed for healthy building hospital. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a microbial infectious agent which causes tuberculosis (TB) disease in human. Hence, health care workers (HCWs) are belonged to a highly potential risk group to be infected by MTB. This research aims to investigate the source and factor(s) of TB transmission in sustainable indoor air environment at the Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru (HSAJB), Malaysia. The view taken in this paper is that the transmission dynamic of MTB from an active pulmonary TB (PTB) patient to another person via indoor air environment in the health care setting is generated as a result of an interaction between architect, building planner and owner, design and facility engineer, construction engineer, occupational health and safety professionals, hospital and HCWs, epidemiologist and public health officer. The findings were obtained by combining questionnaire and interview approaches using five ordinal measures of agreement using Likert Scale measurement. Analysis of qualitative data found that the source of MTB transmission was coming from active PTB patients especially those with sputum smear positive (SS+). The studied ambient parameters and factors affecting indoor air environment sustainability were thermal comfort, humidity, air pressure, temperature, duration exposure, area and volume, direction of air flow, lighting, air circulation exchange and MTB density in the air.
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Solis-Toapanta, Elisa, Andrei Kirilenko, and Celina Gómez. "Indoor Gardening with Hydroponics: A Reddit Community Analysis to Identify Knowledge Gaps." HortTechnology 30, no. 3 (June 2020): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04574-20.
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Social media platforms such as Reddit, centered on user-generated, anonymous discussions, can facilitate the exchange of information and resources across niche online communities known as “subreddits.” Using data mining tools and content analysis methods, our objectives were to identify recurring questions and characterize comment (“response”) accuracy from four subreddits focused on hydroponic indoor gardening (r/hydro, r/Hydroponics, r/UrbanFarming, and r/Aerogarden). A total of 1617 original posts (OPs) were classified into one of ten topics and 4891 primary responses were analyzed for accuracy. The three topics with the most OPs (production systems, plant lighting, and root-zone environment), which accounted for 50% of the total OPs, were subcategorized and inductively analyzed. Most posts in the analyzed subreddits related to confusion regarding the design and implementation of appropriate hydroponic production systems. In addition, misinformation about plant lighting is a major part of discussions about growing plants indoors. There are also knowledge gaps regarding nutrient solution management, particularly about fertilizer formulation, pH balance, and on the impact that solution temperature has on plant growth and development. In general, there were no differences among response accuracy for all topics included in our analysis. However, regardless of topic, responses for most OPs had less than 50% accuracy, which demonstrates that misinformation can be disseminated in social media platforms such as Reddit. As suggested by the results of this study, targeted, open access research and outreach efforts offer an opportunity to address knowledge gaps among consumers interested in indoor gardening.
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Molinari, John, David Vollaro, and Kristen L. Corbosiero. "Tropical Cyclone Formation in a Sheared Environment: A Case Study." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 21 (November 1, 2004): 2493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3291.1.
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Abstract The development of Hurricane Danny (1997) from depression to hurricane was examined using cloud-to-ground lightning data, reconnaissance aircraft data, and satellite imagery. Vertical wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa of 5–11 m s−1 produced persistent downshear convective outbreaks that became progressively more intense and closer to the center during the development. Early in the period the storm intensified steadily in the presence of this downshear convection. During the last and most intense outbreak, a second vortex appeared to develop within the convection. Evidence is presented that the new downshear vortex became the dominant vortex and absorbed the original. Based on these events, it is hypothesized that the presence of moderate vertical wind shear accelerated the early development process. Equivalent potential temperature fields within 500 m of the surface were examined. Only well after the period of vortex interaction did the characteristic mature tropical cyclone radial profile of equivalent potential temperature appear. This came about by the virtual elimination of both low θe values in the core and high θe values outside the core that had been present at previous hours. The growth of Hurricane Danny is viewed in terms of the wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) theory. During the tropical depression and early tropical storm (“pre-WISHE”) periods, few if any of the assumptions of WISHE were met: vertical wind shear exceeded 5 m s−1, considerable azimuthal asymmetry was present, transient highly buoyant convection occurred, and low values of θe in the storm core suggested the presence of convective downdrafts. It is proposed that 1) vortex interactions and subsequent axisymmetrization produced a single dominant vortex at the surface, and 2) vertical mixing of moist entropy by strong convection moved the sounding toward moist neutrality. By this reasoning, the disturbance then met the key tenets of the known finite-amplitude WISHE instability, and the storm intensified to hurricane strength.
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Lee, Dae-Hwi, Kangbin Yim, and Im-Yeong Lee. "A Certificateless Aggregate Arbitrated Signature Scheme for IoT Environments." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 3983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143983.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) environment consists of numerous devices. In general, IoT devices communicate with each other to exchange data, or connect to the Internet through a gateway to provide IoT services. Most IoT devices participating in the IoT service are lightweight devices, in which the existing cryptographic algorithm cannot be applied to provide security, so a more lightweight security algorithm must be applied. Cryptographic technologies to lighten and provide efficiency for IoT environments are currently being studied a lot. In particular, it is necessary to provide efficiency for computation at a gateway, a point where many devices are connected. Additionally, as many devices are connected, data authentication and integrity should be fully considered at the same time, and thus digital signature schemes have been proposed. Among the recently studied signature algorithms, the certificateless signature (CLS) based on certificateless public key cryptography (CL-PKC) provides efficiency compared to existing public key-based signatures. However, in CLS, security threats, such as public key replacement attacks and signature forgery by the malicious key generation center (KGC), may occur. In this paper, we propose a new signature scheme using CL-PKC in generating and verifying the signature of a message in an IoT environment. The proposed scheme is a certificateless aggregate arbitrated signature, and the gateway aggregates the signatures of messages generated by the device group to reduce the size of the entire signature. In addition, it is designed to be safe from security threats by solving the problems caused by public key replacement attacks and malicious KGC, and adding arbitrated signatures of the gateway to strengthen non-repudiation.
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Mutani, Guglielmina, Silvia Santantonio, and Simone Beltramino. "Indicators and Representation Tools to Measure the Technical-Economic Feasibility of a Renewable Energy Community. The Case Study of Villar Pellice (Italy)." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160101.
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Energy Communities (EC) are intended as legal entities that can ensure environmental, economic, and social benefits for energy exchanges between its members. The Italian legislation has recently introduced incentives to Renewable Energy Communities (REC). This work analyses the case study of the REC in Villar Pellice (Turin) and defines a methodology to assess its technical-economic feasibility. The hourly energy consumption and the local renewable energy production are assessed through a place-based methodology, considering different category of end users (municipalities, residential dwelling, companies), and obtaining data from available online database. The REC energy performance is assessed through the self-consumption and the self-sufficiency indexes. Besides, cost-optimal analysis evaluates its economic feasibility, considering investment costs and economic incentives. Several interventions are hypothesized to compare possible REC scenarios (e.g., photovoltaic panels and storage systems installation, energy efficiency measures for public lighting, and different configurations of end users). Results show that REC allows to aggregate stakeholders, ensuring economic advantages and environmental benefits. The methodology applied in this work can support the design phase of the RECs. Its flexibility makes it adaptable to different territorial and regulatory contexts, in evaluating the optimal REC configuration to maximize revenues from the incentive and reach the highest level of energy independence.
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Chorna, V. V., V. M. Makhniuk, H. V. Chaika, S. T. Yurchenko, and M. O. Kovaliv. "Substantiation of the sanitary-epidemiological component to the new edition of the state-building norms of Ukraine “Health care institutions” concerning designing of psychiatric hospitals, taking into account the international experience." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(1)-22.
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Annotation. The aim of the work was to evaluate the design decisions of new psychiatric health care facilities in Ukraine and their comparative characteristics with EU institutions. An analysis of the requirements for the design of domestic new psychiatric wards, day hospitals in outpatient psychiatric wards in general hospitals according to paragraph 8.2.15 SBN B.2.2-10: 2019. State building codes of Ukraine “Buildings and structures. Healthcare facilities” (draft, final version) and European facilities of the same type based on the study of literature data. The method of theoretical analysis is used. It was found that conditions of the location of inpatient departments, their zoning, composition, and area of premises, requirements to ensure a safe stay of patients in wards, toilets, and bathrooms are regulating in the new SBN B.2.2-10: 2019. This essentially repeats the sanitary and hygienic requirements of the previous document SBN B .2.2-10: 2001 “Healthcare facilities”, ie no changes are aiming at creating an ecological environment and comfortable conditions for patients and medical staff of psychiatric healthcare facilities. In this normative document, there is no clear understanding of the location of medical facilities and the next post of a nurse in inpatient departments of psychiatric hospitals; there is no area for a private stay of patients with mental disorders in the middle of the department and outside it; the regulations of life support systems for nurses and patients in the inpatient department (lighting, noise, air exchange, etc.) of psychiatric hospitals are not standardized. In European psychiatric clinics, the “therapeutic environment” provides for the presence of single and double wards (coincides with domestic building codes); area of 37.7 m2 per patient under foreign law, while the project DBN B.2.2-10: 2019 – the zone per patient is 12 m2, which is three times less; separate bathrooms and toilets, common areas, individual access to the garden, where the conditions of privacy of patients are creating (not provided by Ukrainian regulations); location of most patient rooms around the central work area for medical staff (according to national legislation – a corridor-type system); creation of visual supervision over the doors of bedrooms, showers, toilets, kitchens, garden gazebos, as well as the selection of colours for painting the walls of wards and corridors of offices (not provided by Ukrainian regulations). To create a proper “therapeutic/healing environment” in new domestic mental health facilities (psychiatric wards, day hospitals in outpatient psychiatric wards in general hospitals, mental health centres), it is necessary to implement European requirements in the design of these facilities with the involvement of multidisciplinary groups: from architects to nurses, from construction contractors to patients and supplement SBN B.2.2-10: 2019 “Buildings and structures. Health Facilities” is a guide to designing psychiatric health facilities.
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Henage, Cristine B., Stefanie P. Ferreri, Courtney Schlusser, Tamera D. Hughes, Lori T. Armistead, Casey J. Kelley, Joshua D. Niznik, Jan Busby-Whitehead, and Ellen Roberts. "Transitioning Focus Group Research to a Videoconferencing Environment: A Descriptive Analysis of Interactivity." Pharmacy 9, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9030117.
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The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted face-to-face interactions in healthcare research, with many studies shifting to video-based data collection for qualitative research. This study describes the interactivity achieved in a videoconferencing focus group of seven primary care providers discussing deprescribing opioids and benzodiazepines. Researchers reviewed video footage of a focus group conducted via Zoom and assessed interactivity using Morgan’s framework for focus group communication processes. Two reviewers categorized the type of exchanges as sharing information, comparing experiences, organizing, and conceptualizing the content, as well as validating each other or galvanizing the discussion with “lightning strike” ideas. The conversation dynamics in this focus group included clear examples of interactivity in each of the categories proposed by Morgan (validating, sharing, comparing, organizing, conceptualizing, and lightning strikes) that were observed by two different reviewers with demonstrated high interrater reliability. Conducting focus groups with a skilled moderator using videoconferencing platforms with primary care providers is a viable option that produces sufficient levels of interaction.
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Wang, Xi Vincent, and Xun W. Xu. "A collaborative product data exchange environment based on STEP." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 28, no. 1 (May 20, 2013): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2013.785028.
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Yao, Qi, Hongbing Wang, Jim Uttley, and Xiaobo Zhuang. "Illuminance Reconstruction of Road Lighting in Urban Areas for Efficient and Healthy Lighting Performance Evaluation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091646.
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Big lighting data are required for evaluation of lighting performance and impacts on human beings, environment, and ecology for smart urban lighting. However, traditional approaches of measuring road lighting cannot achieve this aim. We propose a rule-of-thumb model approach based on some feature points to reconstruct road lighting in urban areas. We validated the reconstructed illuminance with both software simulated and real road lighting scenes, and the average error is between 6 and 19%. This precision is acceptable in practical applications. Using this approach, we reconstructed the illuminance of three real road lighting environments in a block and further estimated the mesopic luminance and melanopic illuminance performance. In the future, by virtue of Geographic Information System technology, the approach may provide big lighting data for evaluation and analysis, and help build smarter urban lighting.
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Hwang, Taeyon, and Jeong Tai Kim. "Effects of Indoor Lighting on Occupants’ Visual Comfort and Eye Health in a Green Building." Indoor and Built Environment 20, no. 1 (December 29, 2010): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x10392017.
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This study investigated the effects of indoor lighting on occupants’ visual comfort and eye health and to contribute to the management and maintenance of buildings. The illuminance of the working plane and windows at Samsung Corporation Headquarters were measured, and 2744 healthy occupants of Samsung Corporation were surveyed regarding the indoor lighting environment via the company’s intranet for 1½ years. This building was certified with the highest ranking by Korea’s Green Building Council. The cumulative data reflected the management and maintenance of the building, such as screen-type shading devices automatically controlled by seasons and time, improvement of visual display terminal glare by the veiling reflection on monitors, efficiency of artificial lighting arrays, and so on. The data were analysed for occupants’ visual comfort and eye health. The result showed that daylighting could improve the occupants’ psychological health and productivity. The screen-type shading device could intercept direct sunlight and reduce annoyance glare. However, the indoor lighting and visual environment of the building were poor. After examining the questionnaire feedback concerning improvements, the occupants’ annoyance ratio was significantly reduced, and approximately 5% of the occupants’ annoyance ratio was deemed to be caused by personal characteristics related to the lighting of the environment.
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Swenor, Bonnielin, Aleksandra Mihailovic, and Pradeep Ramulu. "The Relationship Between the Home Environment and Falls for Older Adults With Visual Impairments." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2783.
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Abstract The home environment and features of the home have been identified as important risk factors for falls, and may pose particular risk for older adults with visual impairments given difficulty with hazard perception. We used data from 245 participants in the Falls in Glaucoma Study [mean age: 71 years, mean follow-up: 31 months] with homes graded using our previously validated Home Environment Assessment for the Visually Impaired (HEAVI), which quantifies the number of in-home fall-related hazards and found that neither the number of hazards nor the percentage of hazardous items were associated falls/year. However, each 10-fold increase in lighting was associated with a 35% lower rate of falls/year (RR=0.65, 95%CI=0.46 to 0.92) and there was a 50% reduction in falls/year when lighting was at or above 30 footcandles (minimum lighting level recommended by the Engineering Society of North America) compared to lighting <30 footcandles (RR=0.50, 95%CI=0.26 to 0.96).
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Kretzer, David Michael, and Michael Walczak. "The Impact of Vertical Densification on Public Lighting in Informal Settlements: Using Virtual Environments as an Evaluation Tool for Policy Making." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-2-4.
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There are a variety of reasons to support the premise that public lighting is beneficial to urban communities. At the same time, a key challenge for the provision of public lighting in informal settlements is their constant physical transformation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the application of virtual environments (VEs) in lighting planning and policy making. Despite the fact that VEs offer the opportunity to explore an environment by freely navigating through it, including environments that change over time, this feature is rarely taken into account in decision-making processes. A VE-based analysis tool for informal settlement lighting is presented using a case-study street in the informal settlement of Caracolí in Bogotá as its basis. A household survey, spatial measurements, participants’ observations, and luminous intensity distribution curves constituted the main data set for the VE scenarios. Time-related data on the incremental construction of Caracolí’s informal dwellings was collected by the household survey and that data was then projected into past, present, and future night-time scenarios. The lighting quality of these different scenarios was systematically evaluated via lighting calculation software, revealing a variety of shortcomings caused by the current lighting approach. Based on these findings, an alternative lighting approach was developed and re-examined using lighting calculations. Finally, custom game-engine technology and GPU computing were deployed, which allowed for real-time visualisation of the different lighting scenarios and their lighting quality. This setup therefore enables fast iterative feedback loops for current and future lighting policy scenarios and the resulting lighting design. In the first instance, a VE can illustrate well how current lighting policy results in a significant delay of lighting provision in the early stage of a settlement as well as highlighting the mismatch between lighting technology and the built environment during the vertical densification phases. Second, the VE is able to showcase alternative lighting technologies and policy approaches as well as the resulting lighting effects, enabling a visual comparison of different policy scenarios over several decades. In conclusion it will be argued that the dynamic VE technology appears to be a promising decision-making tool for illustrating potential planning and design shortcomings to policy stakeholders in a manner understandable to the layman.
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Bahia, R. T., M. C. Estur, A. C. Blanco, and M. Soriano. "ILLUMINANCE MAPPING OF NIGHTTIME ROAD ENVIRONMENT USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W19 (December 23, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-39-2019.
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Abstract. One purpose of road lighting in night-time environment is to allow pedestrians safe passage and provide sense of security. To attain this purpose, guidelines are set to make sure that proper lighting are present in roads. Current mapping of road lighting in the Philippines is a tedious process. To address this issue, an alternative method of mapping illuminance using Unmanned Aerial System is developed. A 3D model of the road was created using overlapping images and is the basis of the data points. The results of the calibration show that each of the camera channels, as well the photopic luminance value denoted as ND, shows a linear trend with the illuminance value recorded within the subject area having a range of 0.17 to 15 lux. Linear regression models using each of the channels of the camera and ND can be used to calculate illuminance with RMSE of less than 0.6 lux. It also shows that all values calculated from all regression models exhibits similar trend with blue differing by being generally lower in value. With blue as the best linear regression model, 3D and 2D models of illuminance were created. With these results, it can be concluded that application of photogrammetry through UAV-mounted camera can be used to map illuminance at low level lighting.
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Masoudinejad, Mojtaba. "Data-Sets for Indoor Photovoltaic Behavior in Low Lighting Conditions." Data 5, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5020032.
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Analysis of voltage–current behavior of photovoltaic modules is a critical part of their modeling. Parameter identification of these models demands data from them, measured in realistic environments. In spite of advancement in modeling methodologies under solar lighting, few analyses have been focused on indoor photovoltaics. Lack of accurate and reproducible data as a major challenge in this field is addressed here. A high accuracy measurement setup for evaluation and analysis of indoor photovoltaic modules is explained. By use of this system, different modules are measured under diverse environmental conditions. These measurements are structured in data-sets that can be used for either analysis of physical environment effects and modeling or development of specific parameter identification methods in low light intensity conditions.
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Guerry, Estelle, Georges Zissis, Céline Caumon, Laurent Canale, and Elodie Bécheras. "Design and Survey of Lighting and Colour Ambience for a Suitable Elderly Environment." Light & Engineering, no. 01-2020 (February 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2019-003.
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In the context of an aging population, it is important today to take into account the needs of our seniors, to help them better live their aging. The design of colour and lighting ambiance contributes in the practice of their daily activities in their living environment. This study postulates a protocol of good practices in terms of colour and lighting to design a visual environment adapted to the needs of these users. The protocol is based on a combination of chromatic and lighting expertise. Chromatic colour matching based on Natural Colour System tools is combined with a photometric survey to characterize the visual environment. These data make it possible to establish a protocol used to design new chromatic ranges applied to new environments or to evaluate the applicability of the existing ranges.
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Ernst, Sebastian, Marek Łabuz, Kamila Środa, and Leszek Kotulski. "Graph-Based Spatial Data Processing and Analysis for More Efficient Road Lighting Design." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 3850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113850.
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The efficiency and affordability of modern street lighting equipment are improving quickly, but systems used to manage and design lighting installations seem to lag behind. One of their problems is the lack of consistent methods to integrate all relevant data. Tools used to manage lighting infrastructure are not aware of the geographic characteristics of the lit areas, and photometric calculation software requires a lot of manual editing by the designer, who needs to assess the characteristics of roads, define the segments, and assign the lighting classes according to standards. In this paper, we propose a graph-based method to integrate geospatial data from various sources to support the process of data preparation for photometric calculations. The method uses graph transformations to define segments and assign lighting classes. A prototype system was developed to conduct experiments using real-world data. The proposed approach is compared to results obtained by professional designers in a case study; the method was also applied to several European cities to assess its efficiency. The obtained results are much more fine-grained than those yielded by the traditional approach; as a result, the lighting is more adequate, especially when used in conjunction with automated optimisation tools.
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Ishikura, Takeshi, Kouzi Sugiyama, and Kazuo Uchida. "Research on night traffic accident and lighting environment using in-depth traffic accident data." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 82, Appendix (1998): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.82.appendix_154.
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Ishikura, Takeshi, Toshiyuki Yamakawa, Kouzi Sugiyama, Kazuo Uchida, and Yasuhisa Masuda. "Research on night pedestrian accident and lighting environment using in-depth traffic accident data." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 81, Appendix (1997): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.81.appendix_276.
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Zeng, G., J. A. Pyle, and P. J. Young. "Impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone and its global budgets." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 2 (January 29, 2008): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-369-2008.
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Abstract. We present the chemistry-climate model UMCAM in which a relatively detailed tropospheric chemical module has been incorporated into the UK Met Office's Unified Model version 4.5. We obtain good agreements between the modelled ozone/nitrogen species and a range of observations including surface ozone measurements, ozone sonde data, and some aircraft campaigns. Four 2100 calculations assess model responses to projected changes of anthropogenic emissions (SRES A2), climate change (due to doubling CO2), and idealised climate change-associated changes in biogenic emissions (i.e. 50% increase of isoprene emission and doubling emissions of soil-NOx). The global tropospheric ozone burden increases significantly for all the 2100 A2 simulations, with the largest response caused by the increase of anthropogenic emissions. Climate change has diverse impacts on O3 and its budgets through changes in circulation and meteorological variables. Increased water vapour causes a substantial ozone reduction especially in the tropical lower troposphere (>10 ppbv reduction over the tropical ocean). On the other hand, an enhanced stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone, which increases by 80% due to doubling CO2, contributes to ozone increases in the extratropical free troposphere which subsequently propagate to the surface. Projected higher temperatures favour ozone chemical production and PAN decomposition which lead to high surface ozone levels in certain regions. Enhanced convection transports ozone precursors more rapidly out of the boundary layer resulting in an increase of ozone production in the free troposphere. Lightning-produced NOx increases by about 22% in the doubled CO2 climate and contributes to ozone production. The response to the increase of isoprene emissions shows that the change of ozone is largely determined by background NOx levels: high NOx environment increases ozone production; isoprene emitting regions with low NOx levels see local ozone decreases, and increase of ozone levels in the remote region due to the influence of PAN chemistry. The calculated ozone changes in response to a 50% increase of isoprene emissions are in the range of between −8 ppbv to 6 ppbv. Doubling soil-NOx emissions will increase tropospheric ozone considerably, with up to 5 ppbv in source regions.
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Zeng, G., J. A. Pyle, and P. J. Young. "Impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone and its global budgets." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 27, 2007): 11141–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-11141-2007.
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Abstract. We present the chemistry-climate model UM_CAM in which a relatively detailed tropospheric chemical module has been incorporated into the UK Met Office's Unified Model version 4.5. We obtain good agreements between the modelled ozone/nitrogen species and a range of observations including surface ozone measurements, ozone sonde data, and some aircraft campaigns. Four 2100 calculations assess model responses to projected changes of anthropogenic emissions (SRES A2), climate change (due to doubling CO2), and idealised climate change associated changes in biogenic emissions (i.e. 50% increase of isoprene emission and doubling emissions of soil-NOx). The global tropospheric ozone burden increases significantly for all the 2100 A2 simulations, with the largest response caused by the increase of anthropogenic emissions. Climate change has diverse impacts on O3 and its budgets through changes in circulation and meteorological variables. Increased water vapour causes a substantial ozone reduction especially in the tropical lower troposphere (>10 ppbv reduction over the tropical ocean). On the other hand, an enhanced stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone, which increases by 80% due to doubling CO2, contributes to ozone increases in the extratropical free troposphere which subsequently propagate to the surface. Projected higher temperatures favour ozone chemical production and PAN decomposition which lead to high surface ozone levels in certain regions. Enhanced convection transports ozone precursors more rapidly out of the boundary layer resulting in an increase of ozone production in the free troposphere. Lightning-produced NOx increases by about 22% in the doubled CO2 climate and contributes to ozone production. The response to the increase of isoprene emissions shows that the change of ozone is largely determined by background NOx levels: high NOx environment increases ozone production; isoprene emitting regions with low NOx levels see local ozone decreases, and increase of ozone levels in the remote region due to the influence of PAN chemistry. The calculated ozone changes in response to a 50% increase of isoprene emissions are in the range of between –8 ppbv to 6 ppbv. Doubling soil-NOx emissions will increase tropospheric ozone considerably, with up to 5 ppbv in source regions.
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Wheeler, R. M., C. L. Mackowiak, J. C. Sager, N. C. Yorio, W. M. Knott, and W. L. Berry. "Growth and Gas Exchange by Lettuce Stands in a Closed, Controlled Environment." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 3 (May 1994): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.3.610.
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Two studies were conducted in which `Waldmann's Green' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown hydroponically from seed to harvest in a large (20-m2), atmospherically closed growth chamber for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) program. The first study used metal-halide (MH) lamps [280 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)], whereas the second used high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps (293 μmol·m-2·s-1). Both studies used a 16-hour photoperiod, a constant air temperature (22 to 23C), and 1000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 during the light period. In each study, canopy photosynthesis and evapotranspiration (ET) rates were highly correlated to canopy cover, with absolute rates peaking at harvest (28 days after planting) at 17 μmol CO2/m2 per sec and 4 liters·m-2·day-1, respectively. When normalized for actual canopy cover, photosynthesis and ET rates per unit canopy area decreased with age (between 15 and 28 days after planting). Canopy cover increased earlier during the study with HPS lamps, and final shoot yields averaged 183 g fresh mass (FM)/plant and 8.8 g dry mass (DM)/plant. Shoot yields in the first study with MH lamps averaged 129 g FM/plant and 6.8 g DM/plant. Analysis of leaf tissue showed that ash levels from both studies averaged 22% and K levels ranged from 15% to 17% of tissue DM. Results suggest that lettuce should be easily adaptable to a CELSS with moderate lighting and that plant spacing or transplant schemes are needed to maximize canopy light interception and sustain efficient CO2 removal and water production.
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Tagliabue, Lavinia Chiara, Fulvio Re Cecconi, Nicola Moretti, Stefano Rinaldi, Paolo Bellagente, and Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini. "Security Assessment of Urban Areas through a GIS-Based Analysis of Lighting Data Generated by IoT Sensors." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062174.
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The current perspective about urban development expects 70% of energy consumption will be concentrated in the cities in 2050. In addition, a growing density of people in the urban context leads to the need for increased security and safety for citizens, which imply a better lighting infrastructure. Smart solutions are required to optimize the corresponding energy effort. In developing countries, the cities’ lighting is limited and the lighting world map is strongly significant about the urban density of the different areas. Nevertheless, in territories where the illumination level is particularly high, such as urban contexts, the conditions are not homogenous at the microscale level and the perceived security is affected by artificial urban lighting. As an example, 27.2% of the families living in the city of Milan, ombardy Region, Italy, consider critical the conditions of lighting in the city during the night, although the region has diffused infrastructure. The paper aims to provide a local illuminance geographic information system (GIS) mapping at the neighborhood level that can be extended to the urban context. Such an approach could unveil the need to increase lighting to enhance the perceived safety and security for the citizens and promote a higher quality of life in the smart city. Lighting mapping can be matched with car accident mapping of cities and could be extended to perceived security among pedestrians in urban roads and green areas, also related to degradation signs of the built environment. In addition, such an approach could open new scenarios to the adaptive street lighting control used to reduce the energy consumption in a smart city: the perceived security of an area could be used as an additional index to be considered during the modulation of the level of the luminosity of street lighting. An example of a measurement set-up is described and tested at the district level to define how to implement an extensive monitoring campaign based on an extended research schema.
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Xu, Jing Xian, and Li Ming Shen. "Effect of Background Lighting on Atmosphere Perception." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.103.
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This paper analyzes the interactions between lighting and the human-product-environment system from an ergonomics perspective. Studies on the effect of the foreground and background lighting on the atmosphere perception was conducted in an experiment room, which specifically to improve the interaction between the lighting and customers. Data from the experiment shows that the background lighting characteristics do have different effects on the atmosphere perception on the customers. Firstly, different background light settings will have significant effect on the words “active-dull”, “private-public”, “formal- informal”, “warm-cold”; secondly, the beam angle of the foreground lighting will play effect upon the atmosphere of “warm- cold”; thirdly, the brightness of the background lighting will affect the perception of the words like “active-dull”, “private- public”, “formal- informal” and “relax-tense”; finally, different color temperatures of the background lighting will play significant effect on the sense of “warm- cold” and “expensive- inexpensive”.
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Rabaza, Ovidio, Evaristo Molero-Mesa, Fernando Aznar-Dols, and Daniel Gómez-Lorente. "Experimental Study of the Levels of Street Lighting Using Aerial Imagery and Energy Efficiency Calculation." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124365.
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This article describes an innovative method for measuring lighting levels and other lighting parameters through the use of aerial imagery of towns and cities. Combined with electricity consumption data from smart electricity meters, it was possible to measure the energy efficiency of public lighting installations. The results of this study also confirmed that lighting measurements, installation material, luminaire position, and electricity consumption data can be easily integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). The main advantage of this new methodology is that it provides information about lighting installations in large areas in less time than more conventional procedures. It is thus a more effective way of obtaining the data required to calculate the energy efficiency of lighting levels and electricity consumption. There is even the possibility of generating street lighting maps that provide local administrations with up-to-date information regarding the status of public lighting installations in their city. In this way, modifications or improvements can be made to achieve greater energy savings and, if necessary, to correct the distribution or configuration of public lighting systems to make them more efficient and sustainable. This research studied levels of street lighting and calculated the energy efficiency in various streets of Deifontes (Granada), through the use of aerial imagery.
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Choi, Joon-Ho. "Investigation of human eye pupil sizes as a measure of visual sensation in the workplace environment with a high lighting colour temperature." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 4 (January 13, 2016): 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15626585.
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Among indoor environmental quality components, such as lighting, thermal, acoustic and spatial conditions, lighting quality is one of the significant factors that affect human environmental health and work productivity, especially as they pertain to human visual comfort and satisfaction. With the help of advanced sensing technologies, this study utilized a human body’s physiological principle to instantly react to its ambient environmental lighting condition to estimate a user’s visual sensation. Thus, this research investigated the possibility of using human eye pupil sizes as a measure of visual sensation in a workplace setting, especially in the high lighting colour temperature (5000 K) that is very common in modern office environments with the adoption of natural colour-fluorescent light bulbs. A series of experiments involving human subjects in an environmental chamber were conducted. Various ambient lighting conditions were generated to initiate and test pupil size changes and visual sensations. Statistical analyses of the collected data were conducted to help elucidate research findings. This research directed its focus toward pupil size change patterns as a means of assessing the human subject’s visual sensations, and to determine a potential use for this physiological principle in the control loop of a lighting system in a conventional workplace environment.
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P, Sumathi, and Punithavalli M. "Efficient Scheduling Algorithm for the Exchange of Data in Grid Environment." i-manager's Journal on Software Engineering 3, no. 3 (March 15, 2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jse.3.3.192.
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Fu, Wenbo. "Mass internet of things data security exchange model under heterogeneous environment." International Journal of Embedded Systems 12, no. 4 (2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2020.10029261.
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Fu, Wenbo. "Mass internet of things data security exchange model under heterogeneous environment." International Journal of Embedded Systems 12, no. 4 (2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2020.107636.
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Rahman, Sk Md Mizanur, Md Mehedi Masud, M. Anwar Hossain, Abdulhameed Alelaiwi, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, and Atif Alamri. "Privacy preserving secure data exchange in mobile P2P cloud healthcare environment." Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 9, no. 5 (April 3, 2015): 894–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12083-015-0334-2.
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Okkels, N., L. G. Jensen, R. Arendt, A. B. Blicker, J. Hjortdal, P. Jennum, and S. Straszek. "Light as an Aid for Recovery in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Pilot Trial." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S287—S288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.148.
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IntroductionElectric indoor lighting can disturb sleep and increase depressive symptoms; both common complaints in psychiatric inpatients.AimsTo improve quality of sleep in patients using an indoor hospital lighting environment simulating nature in intensity, color, and circadian timing.MethodsInvestigator-blinded parallel group randomized controlled effectiveness trial supplied with qualitative interviews in an inpatient psychiatric ward with fully automatic and adjustable lighting. Admitted patients received a room with a naturalistic lighting environment (intervention group) or lighting as usual (control group). The primary outcome was the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and secondary outcomes included the Major Depression Inventory and WHO-five Well- Being Index.ResultsIn this ongoing trial, we included 28 patients (16 treated and 12 controls). Patients in the intervention group reported higher subjective sleep quality and sleep efficiency, lower use of sleep medication (mean difference, 4.68 mg; 95% CI, 0.54; 53.5), fewer depressive symptoms (mean difference, 5; 95% CI,–2; 13), but lower well-being (difference,–4 percentage points; 95% CI,–20; 16), compared with the control group. At discharge, fewer patients in the intervention group had experienced use of involuntary treatment. Qualitative data indicated no side effects apart from issues in performing indoor leisure activities in dim light.ConclusionsA naturalistic lighting environment was safe and improved sleep and mood in our small patient sample. The trial integrated well with routine clinical care and our sample reflected the heterogeneity of the target population (Funded by Region Midtjylland and others; Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT02653040)Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Yashiro, Tomonari. "Interoperable IoT system that could adapt local context of the built environment." Impact 2020, no. 6 (November 16, 2020): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.6.52.
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IoT technology has great potential to transform the built environment and, in doing so, create energy savings. With operational energy use in buildings causing around 30 per cent of CO2 gas emissions, and demand for energy use in buildings on the rise, it is necessary to develop measures to reduce consumption, and IoT could hold the key to this. Just a few examples of ways that this can be achieved are: real-time energy monitoring, with IoT smart sensors measuring the power consumption of a building to show how and where energy is used; smart lighting, whereby unnecessary lighting is switched off and energy saved; and smart metering systems, leading to higher energy efficiency, cost savings and new data sources. Indeed, IoT devices in buildings can collect important data, which has a number of important applications, and the long-term value of IoT devices in buildings comes from mining the data collected by sensors and devices as this can be used to enhance building performance and efficiency. Professor Tomonari Yashiro, based at the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, is exploring how ICT and the IoT could help improve the sustainability and energy efficiency of buildings.
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VODOVOZOV, ALEXANDR M., and ALEXANDR V. BURTSEV. "INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM BASED ON THE IOT PARADIGM." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 3, no. 102 (2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2021-3-102-1.
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The article presents the results of a completed research project aimed at developing hardware and software components for urban architecture of smart lighting based on the IoT paradigm. The proposed system is capable of adjusting the brightness of street lamps based on the analysis of traffic and pedestrian flows on certain road segments, thereby effectively solving the problem of energy saving. In a lighting system design, each street-light luminaire is a part of an expandable computer network. The architecture combines various subsystems (local controllers, motion sensors, video cameras, weather sensors) and electronic devices responsible for performing certain operations: remote lighting control, video processing, motion detection, wireless data exchange, energy analysis and traffic estimation. Generally, the proposed street lighting infrastructure based on the IoT paradigm is considered to be a framework for developing unified urban high-tech architecture aimed at providing a whole range of new services.
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Page, Tom. "Habits and Behaviours in the Use of Domestic Lighting." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 8, no. 2 (April 2019): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2019040105.
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The issue of electricity consumption reduction in the domestic sector is becoming a pivot matter, with domestic energy use ever-increasing and the rising awareness of its significant impact on the environment. As lighting is responsible for 19% of the average house's electricity consumption it was deemed a suitable area of study to gather behaviours and habits that can be targeted to encourage sustainable behaviour and ultimately reduce electricity consumption. The aim of this research is to investigate consumer habits and behaviours in home lighting in UK households and identify behaviours and habits to change in order to reduce home lighting electricity consumption. The research was used to identify electricity wasteful habits and behaviours that can be targeted. An online survey and a seven day participant lighting diary were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data on consumers' lighting behaviours and habits.
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Josijevic, Mladen, Dusan Gordic, Dobrica Milovanovic, Nebojsa Jurisevic, and Nikola Rakic. "A method to estimate savings of led lighting instalation in public buildings: The case study of secondary schools in Serbia." Thermal Science 21, no. 6 Part B (2017): 2931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci161209118j.
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This paper examines the potentials of saving electric energy in school lighting by replacing the existent systems of lighting with more adequate ones which are based on light-emitting diode technology. Our primary goal is to present the methodology used in this analysis since it can be used to determine potential savings in lighting systems of any public building. We have performed the detailed analysis of nine high schools located in Kragujevac, Serbia. The first step was to collect the data about the numbers and types of systems utilized, as well as about the habits of their users. This has revealed the share of electricity consumption for lighting in total electricity consumption. The replacements for each existent light source have been proposed taking into consideration the projected value of light flux depending on the purpose of each room. The calculations of potential savings through the replacement of lighting systems have been conducted taking into consideration not only the savings in electric energy but also the savings made through the maintenance cost reduction. Based on the results, the potential savings range from 53-62% while the payback period for the analysed schools is about four years in average.
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Çıbuk, Musa. "Reducing Energy Consumption in Single-Hop and Multi-Hop Topologies of Road Lighting Communication Network." Light & Engineering, no. 04-2020 (August 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-027.
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This study aims to make the wireless sensor network based on a linear topology required in road lighting energy-efficient using the proposed new methods. Because the physical installation of road lighting systems will result in costliness and time-labour loss, the mentioned scenarios were created and analysed in a simulation design. Two new methods were proposed to organize the lighting system more quickly and to increase the speed performance of sensors that join the network and carrying the luminaire data. This is the proxy-based network connection method and a new time-division method for the nodes’ common channel access. Energy consumption scenarios for lighting systems with 50, 100, 150, and 200 luminaires were analysed comparatively during data exchange using wireless sensor networks. Accordingly, the classical method and the proposed novel method were evaluated for the singleand multi-hop scenarios. In the communication between luminaires, the proposed new method for a single-hop scenario was at least 80 % more efficient than the classical method in terms of total energy consumption. In linear topology lighting systems for the same scenario, if the classical method is compared with the proposed new method for 3-hop structures, 58 % efficiency of total energy consumption is achieved.
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Sangiorgi, Marco, Miguel Angel Hernández-Ceballos, Kevin Jackson, Giorgia Cinelli, Konstantins Bogucarskis, Luca De Felice, Andrei Patrascu, and Marc De Cort. "The European Radiological Data Exchange Platform (EURDEP): 25 years of monitoring data exchange." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-109-2020.
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Abstract. During the early phase of an accident with the release of radioactive material to the environment at the local or transboundary scale, a rapid and continuous system of information exchange, including real-time monitoring data to competent authorities and the public, is critical for setting up countermeasures. This information and data exchange must be carried out in a harmonized and consistent manner to facilitate its interpretation and analysis. After the Chernobyl accident in 1986, and in order to avoid the competent authorities being unprepared again for a similar event, the European Commission (EC) defined and put in place a directive (Council Decision 87/600/EURATOM, 1987) which essentially obliges a member state that decides to implement widespread countermeasures to protect its population to notify the European Commission without delay. The same Council Decision also specifies that the results of radiological monitoring must be made available to the European Commission and all potentially affected member states. Over the past 30 years, the European Commission has invested resources in developing and improving a complete system to carry out this delicate task, currently composed of two platforms: the European Community Urgent Radiological Information Exchange (ECURIE) and the European Radiological Data Exchange Platform (EURDEP). This paper aims to increase knowledge of the latter system as a valuable tool for understanding and analysing the radioactivity levels in Europe. Commencing with background information, in this paper, we will describe the EURDEP system in detail, with an emphasis on its status, data availability, and how these data are diffused depending on the audience. Within the scope of this publication, we describe an example of measurements available in the EURDEP system, which to be used for scientific purposes. We provide two complete datasets (air-concentration samples – https://doi.org/10.2905/23CBC7C4-4FCC-47D5-A286-F8A4EDC8215F; De Cort et al., 2019a; and gamma dose rates – https://doi.org/10.2905/0F9F3E2D-C8D7-4F46-BBE7-EACF3EED1560; De Cort et al., 2019b) for the recent radiological release of 106Ru in Europe, which occurred between the end of September and early October 2017. Records stored are publicly accessible through an unrestricted repository called COLLECTION belonging to the JRC Data Public Catalogue (https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu, last access: 1 July 2019).
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Et. al., Ilias Said ,. "Built Environment Professionals Awareness Towards Crime Prevention Criteria In Malaysian Housing Development." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.516.
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The crime rates increase yearly concurrent with the growth of the Malaysian population. Without considering the comfortable and safe environment during the pre-development stage, housing development will increase the Malaysian crime rate. The built environment professionals know well the crime prevention criteria that should consider by housing developers. This paper examines the relationship between crime prevention criteria and awareness of built environment professionals in Malaysian housing development. The crime prevention criteria are layout design, building design, parking, access and walkways, landscape and urban design elements, lighting, safety equipment, management and maintenance, community and occupant attitude. The data collection chose quantitative methodology. In total, 191 built environment professionals working with developers registered under the Real Estate and Housing Developers Association of Malaysia (REHDA) were involved in this study. In total, the further analysis used 191 sets of questionnaires. This study's main findings are the lighting and occupant attitude significantly contribute to crime prevention that built environment professionals considered to implement in Malaysian housing.
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Masud, Mehedi, and M. Shamim Hossain. "Secure data-exchange protocol in a cloud-based collaborative health care environment." Multimedia Tools and Applications 77, no. 9 (October 28, 2017): 11121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5294-5.
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Lee, C. K. M., G. T. S. Ho, H. C. W. Lau, and Felix T. S. Chan. "A generic framework to achieve complex data exchange in an industrial environment." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 28, no. 2/3 (2007): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2007.013355.
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Park, Namje. "Performance Analysis for VTS-Based Data Exchange Protocol in E-Navigation Environment." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2016.11.1.32.
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Chiou, Shin-Yan, and Ching-Hsuan Lin. "An Efficient Three-Party Authentication Scheme for Data Exchange in Medical Environment." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9146297.
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Compared with traditional paper medical records, electronic medical records have many advantages such as easy transmission, high efficiency, better accuracy, and easier storage. The further development and penetration of electronic medical records will raise increasingly critical transmitted-data accuracy and security issues. Previous studies have proposed a verifier-based three-party authentication scheme and to provide high efficiency and security, with low computation and transmission costs. However, this protocol fails to achieve anonymity, is vulnerable to tracking attacks, and is inefficient. In this paper, we propose a new authentication scheme which provides patient anonymity and resistance to tracking attacks, while reducing computation and communication costs. The proposed system is easier to implement and is more suitable for use in remote electronic medical record exchange systems.
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Chatterjee, Sourish, and Biswanath Roy. "Design, Development and Practical Realization of a VLC Supportive Indoor Lighting System." Light & Engineering, no. 03-2020 (June 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2019-048.
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In an office space, an LED-based lighting system allows you to perform the function of a data transmitter. This article discusses the cost-effective design and development of a data-enabled LED driver that can transmit data along with its receiving part. In addition, this paper clearly outlines the application of the proposed VLC system in an office environment where ambient light interference is a severe issue of concern. The result shows satisfactory lighting characteristics in general for this area in terms of average horizontal illuminance and illuminance uniformity. At the same time, to evaluate real-time and static communication performance, Arduino interfaced MATLAB Simulink model is developed, which shows good communication performance in terms of BER (10–7) even in presence of ambient light noise with 6 dB signal to interference plus noise ratio. Our designed system is also flexible to work as a standalone lighting system, whenever data communication is not required.
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Li, Xicong, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Stanislav Zvánovec, and Paul Anthony Haigh. "A 40 Mb/s VLC System Reusing an Existing Large LED Panel in an Indoor Office Environment." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051697.
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With advances in solid-state lighting, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance existing light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting infrastructure by adding data communication capabilities to the illumination functionality. The last decade has witnessed the evolution of the VLC concept through global standardisation and product launches. Deploying VLC systems typically requires replacing existing light sources with new luminaires that are equipped with data communication functionality. To save the investment, it is clearly desirable to make the most of the existing illumination systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of adding data communication functionality to the existing lighting infrastructure. We do this by designing an experimental system in an indoor environment based on an off-the-shelf LED panel typically used in office environments, with the dimensions of 60 × 60 cm2. With minor modifications, the VLC function is implemented, and all of the modules of the LED panel are fully reused. A data rate of 40 Mb/s is supported at a distance of up to 2 m while using the multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation. Two main limiting factors for achieving higher data rates are observed. The first factor is the limited bandwidth of the LED string inside the panel. The second is the flicker due to the residual ripple of the bias current that is generated by the panel’s driver. Flicker is introduced by the low-cost driver, which provides bias currents that fluctuate in the low frequency range (less than several kilohertz). This significantly reduces the transmitter’s modulation depth. Concurrently, the driver can also introduce an effect that is similar to baseline wander at the receiver if the flicker is not completely filtered out. We also proposed a solution based on digital signal processing (DSP) to mitigate the flicker issue at the receiver side and its effectiveness has been confirmed.
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Chen, Mei Qian, Tun Dong Liu, Wen Bo Zhou, and Rong Jie Wang. "Development of Public Lighting Remote Monitoring System Controller." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7400–7406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7400.
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To realize the efficient and stable real-time monitoring and intelligent management of the urban public lighting, the remote monitoring system is developed. The system is composed of monitoring center and monitoring terminals, and realizes network connection via the advanced remote wireless communication technology GPRS. It uses TI Company’s MSP430 processor chip as the monitoring terminal controller, which integrates automatic control, data acquisition, communication and other technologies and has such functions as monitoring, remote control, anti-electricity theft, remote meter reading and communication. It’s proved by practice that the designed controller features reliable running, sound real-time performance and low cost, and has a broad and bright application prospect. The monitoring and management of public lighting is a typical sector and important part of the civil work. Due to the continuous development of urban construction and ever-enlarging lighting coverage, the traditional lighting management methods can not realize centralized monitoring, have poor real-time performance and cost lots of human and material resources; thus, can not satisfy the requirements of energy saving and efficiency improvement[1]. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), the wireless packet exchange technology based on the second generation mobile communication system GSM, is very suitable for transmitting non-continuous, unexpected and small sets of street lamp monitoring data. Also, quick & easy log-on, real-time online, high-speed transmission, sound economical efficiency and many other advantages make GPRS become the first choice for remote measurement and control system[2]. Therefore, the development of GPRS-based public lighting remote monitoring system becomes a necessity. The designed monitoring system in this article is a typical distributed monitoring and data acquisition system integrating computer technologies, modern communication technologies and automatic control technologies. It conducts centralized monitoring and control on the cabinet transformer substations, transformer cabinets, control cabinets and other slave monitoring systems of the public lighting such as street lamps and landscape lamps of the city, to realize the real-time, remote monitoring and intelligent management of public lighting and ensure the efficient, all-weather running and on-demand, energy-saving lighting.
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Jiang, Jun, Mehrdad Moallem, and Youbin Zhengi. "An Intelligent IoT-enabled Lighting System for Energy-efficient Crop Production." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.6.
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In this paper, an intelligent lighting instrumentation and automation system is presented with the objective of achieving high energy-efficiency in greenhouse supplemental lighting based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system runs on a Raspbian operating system which interacts with wireless-enabled light emitting diode (LED) fixtures for plant growth, an online data server, and different light sensors including RGB and quantum sensors. The communication is achieved through RestFul API, UART, and I2C. The system is utilized to implement a feedback controller that automatically adjusts the light dimming levels and, in particular, the ratio of red and blue light intensities based on the plants’ needs. A series of experiments involving plant growth were conducted which indicate that the proposed system can achieve energy-savings up to 34%, when compared to a conventional time scheduling scheme. Additionally, the experiments demonstrate that the system can achieve a highly uniform light distribution under unpredictable natural lighting conditions while saving energy due to supplemental lighting.
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Attia, Hussain, Amjad Omar, Maen Takruri, and Halah Y. Ali. "Pulse Width Modulation Based Decentralized Street LED Light Dimming System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i3.pp1220-1229.
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<p>The high power consumption of conventional street lighting systems, and the consequences on environmental ecosystem due to continuous turning ON of light, have led researchers to seek solutions to this problem. LED light dimming system has been presented in many studies using computerized systems with or without wireless monitoring facility. The demerits of these systems include complexity, high cost and unfixed data transfer speed. This paper proposes to reduce power consumption of street lighting through a decentralized light dimming system that is based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). This is in addition to replacing conventional high power lamps with lower power LED lamps. The dimming control circuit of this system is fixed on each pole and controlled individually resulting in faster and more reliable response. The proposed system uses the available infrastructure and is suitable for small or main streets regardless of the number of light poles. It is also flexible in its coverage distance due to the freedom of motion detector selection. The advantages of using LED lighting on the environment as compared to conventional lighting are explained. Simulations reveal the effectiveness of the proposed system on energy saving and on the environment.</p>
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Nielsen, S. L., and M. F. Mullins. "Living with Light: an ethnographic study of older people’s use and experience of lighting at home." SHS Web of Conferences 43 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184301012.
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This ethnographic study aims to better understand the culture, values and everyday life of elderly people in view of their use of lighting in their homes. By addressing different types of lighting and exploring when, how and why older people used various lighting sources in their homes, the study seeks new insight into and an in-depth understanding of how older people experience light in their everyday lives. The paper introduces the results of a qualitative analysis of the collected data and presents some observations on the values and meanings the elderly attach to light and lighting in their daily lives. It is argued that these patterns are largely shaped by the elderly’s bodily, social and cultural experiences and contexts, so a framework encompassing four major themes is proposed: 1. Traditions, Economy and Environment; 2. Quality of Life and Independence; 3. Health; and 4. Security and Safety.
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Chen, Hao, Fu Li Chen, Yong Ying Zhu, Ming Zeng, Chen Sun, and Qiang Bao. "Numerical Study of Water Exchange in Environment Engineering in Pulandian Bay." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.425.
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By the tracers of dissolved conservative substance, establishing the convection diffusion numerical model of water exchange in the bay. The water exchange simulation results derive the half-exchange period of each region.And based on the hydrological data,model results show the tidal current field and the half-exchange period,analyzing the water exchange properties and the convective transport of pollutants to the Pulandian Bay.The numerical simulation results provide the scientific basis and basic data for the sea area construction and environmental protection.
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Turekulova, Alina, Atanas Kovatchev, and Galina Iskhojanova. "Methodological approach to creating an urban lighting atmosphere with regard to human needs." Spatium, no. 43 (2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat2043016t.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to assess how lighting correlates with human needs and emotions and to examine the implications for lighting design. The complex variables of urban lighting include practical, social, cultural and semantic elements of the urban environment. The research identified the most promising opportunities for using lighting technologies responsive to the basic levels of the human need for lighting. The dynamics of ?LIGHT-VIEWERATMOSPHERE? were applied in order to explore critical areas of interdependence. To determine the most critical areas, the hierarchical principles of A. H. Maslow?s pyramid of needs were adapted and applied to the data. The authors studied the interaction between the viewer and light technologies in order to determine the most likely enhancements to the emotional impact of lighting. The ?Expanded hierarchy of needs with regard to the presence of light? illustrates the issues considered here. The classification of societal needs is based on an analysis of the emotional impact of examples of lighting solutions in architectural environments within a clear social context. A morphological analysis was carried out using the cross-consistency assessment method (CCA). Criteria for evaluating the effects of light were considered on 4 basic levels of needs following Maslow?s pyramid configuration.