Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Data barriers'
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Polleres, Axel, Jürgen Umbrich, Kathrin Figl, and Martin Beno. "Perception of Key Barriers in Using and Publishing Open Data." JeDEM, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6140/1/Polleres_etal_2017_JEDEM_Perception%2Dof%2DKey.pdf.
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There is a growing body of literature recognizing the benefits of Open Data. However, many potential data providers are unwilling to publish their data and at the same time, data users are often faced with difficulties when attempting to use Open Data in practice. Despite various barriers in using and publishing Open Data still being present, studies which systematically collect and assess these barriers are rare. Based on this observation we present a review on prior literature on barriers and the results of an empirical study aimed at assessing both the users' and publishers' views on obstacles regarding Open Data adoption. We collected data with an online survey in Austria and internationally. Using a sample of 183 participants, we draw conclusions about the relative importance of the barriers reported in the literature. In comparison to a previous conference paper presented at the conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, this article includes new additional data from participants outside Austria, reports new analyses, and substantially extends the discussion of results and of possible strategies for the mitigation of Open Data barriers.
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Grundstrom, Casandra, and Alexander Lövnord. "Open Data : Barriers when adopting, implementing, and innovating open data in local municipal organizations." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90137.
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The open data concept is based on the EU directive from 2003 with the goal to highlight the need for member states to increase and digitalize their public data and thus achieving transparency and stimulating economic growth based on new innovations. In Sweden, the development has fallen behind expectations and are currently the worst performing nordic country in open data development. In relation, research on open data is limited, especially when it come to barriers and challenges for adopting strategies to handle open data for local public organizations. This research is therefore aimed towards understanding and identifying barriers for adopting open data in local public organizations in Sweden. To answer this, we have conducted a case study based on the municipality of Örnsköldsviks. Our findings suggest that existing research on open data is somewhat lacking in the areas of ethical issues, the private sector and the challenge of moving towards openness; these are important aspects to consider when it comes to open data development. Furthermore, our results indicate that collaboration on both national and regional levels is advantageous and combined with PSI Directive improvements, is something that can bridge the gap between open data barriers and ambitions.
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Aiesh, Basel. "Measurement of dispersion barriers through SEM images." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för bildanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252764.
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In this thesis digital image analysis is applied to Scanning Electron Microscope imagesof dispersion barriers to measure specific properties. The thin barriers are used asprotection for paperboard packaging and are made of polymers and fillers. The orientation, area, length and density distributions of the fillers determine the functionality and quality of the barrier. Methods built on image analysis tools are developed with the objective to measure these quantities. Input for the methods are Scanning Electron Microscope images showing the cross-section of the barriers. To make the images relevant for the methods they are preprocessed by reducing noise and distinguishing fillers from the background. For measuring the orientation distribution of the fillers two different methods are implemented and compared. The first one is based on a structure tensor and the other one applies a covariance matrix. The structure tensor is preferable because of its flexibility and better performance for complex images. The area and length distributions are measured by applying mathematical morphology together withsoft-clipping. The density distribution is obtained by filtering the underlying image twice with a uniform filter which creates a heat map. The developed methods are evaluated by applying them on fabricated binary test images with known properties. The methods are very accurate when applied on simple test images but for more complex test images with greater variation the accuracy decreases. However, for most applications the results are still on an acceptable level.
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Talbot, M. A. "Barriers to data quality in the Wales Child Health system." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639154.
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This study explored health visitor record keeping and clinical information transfer for Child Health Reviews in four NHS Trusts in Wales. Communication was investigated in the relationships between what actually happened in real consultations, what the health visitor recorded and the subsequent selection and transformation of clinical information for coding and deposit in the central Child Health System (CHS) databases. Although the Child Health record constitutes the means for monitoring children’s health and development, little was known about how social relations affect information transfer, information content and data re-use in automated clinical systems. The aim of this study was to reveal how the processes identified affect information archived about Parental concern, Behaviour and Significant Condition. A Soft Systems Methodological approach (SSM) (Checkland 1999) was used to capture and interpret the purpose and meaning of clinical terms found in documentation for the delivery and evaluation of the Child Health Promotion Programme (CHPP). This study is presented in three phases: firstly finding out about record keeping and automated documentation in CHPP environments; secondly capturing the content of Child Health Reviews by means of audio taping; and thirdly exploring complexity in the clinical information pathway for one vulnerable child. Findings suggest that although health visitors carry responsibility for maintaining delivery of the CHPP, they are poorly equipped for timely access to electronic records supporting the CHPP; this hinders clinical ownership of the information and adversely affects data quality and partnerships with parents in record keeping. Culture and practice in the process of transforming clinical terms into representational data are shown to blind both the parents and the health professionals to unused potential in these electronic records.
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Sebake, Malete Daniel. "Assessing the motivators and barriers of interorganizational GIS data sharing for address data in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24514.
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Address data within geographic information systems (GIS) is used as reference data to link personal and administrative information, thus making it possible to locate and deliver goods and services to eligible persons. Preferably, every country must develop and maintain a single national address database (NAD) to eliminate data redundancy and provide a common point of reference across the board. In South Africa, the challenge is that there are separate address databases, which are developed and maintained by various public and private organizations – with little or no cooperation on data sharing. Currently, the establishment of a Committee for Spatial Information (CSI) which is tasked with the implementation of the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI) and the publication of the South African Address Standard (SANS 1883) offer organizations an opportunity to collaborate towards the creation of a single address dataset. This research posits that the implementation of a successful data sharing initiative depends on the understanding of motivators and barriers of organizations participating in it. The research applied the case study method – with a semi-structured questionnaire – to assess the issues that motivate or obstruct GIS data sharing among three address organizations in South Africa. The results identified significant motivators that underlie the data sharing activities, e.g. reduced cost of data collection, improved data quality; and equally identified significant barriers that make organizations reluctant to enter into a data sharing initiative, e.g. data copyright and ownership, high staff-turnover, and lack of financial and technical resources. Although the case studies focused on address data in South Africa, the research findings can equally apply to other spatial datasets and are relevant for the successful implementation of the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI).Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Computer Science
Unrestricted
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De, Wind Lynell J. "Sharing health data woes. Perceptions of data sharing barriers from employees in a Midwest health care system." Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank1603367647136537.
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Welin-Berger, Robert. "Return barriers and their application to stack tracing on modern VMs." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260513.
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Virtual machines are today at the core of a very large portion of the code that runs our everyday lives. Their relative performance and characteristics are of high significance for society indirectly and few other are as impactful as the JVM. In this thesis, we examine the possibility to speed up stack tracing on HotSpot and OpenJDK by implementing a return barrier. The barrier is implemented by overwriting the return program counter on the top frame with a function that re-installs itself on the frame below every time it’s executed. Because of this, the barrier acts as a “low water mark” and we then leverage that fact to enable Java Flight Recorder to cache the section of the stack that has already been traversed before. While the first implementation of such a cache did not prove successful in terms of performance improvement we look at costs and benefits of different steps in the implementation and highlight where future use the barrier might be attempted.Virtuella maskiner är idag i hjärtat av en stor del av den kod som styr våra dagliga liv. Deras prestanda och funktionalitet är indirekt mycket viktig för samhället och få har så stor påverkan som JVM:en. I den här uppsatsen så undersöker vi möjligheten att snabba upp stack tracing på Hotspot och OpenJDK genom att implementera en returbarriär. Den här barriären implementeras genom att skriva över returprogramräknaren med en som pekar till en funktion som installerar sig själv på ramen under varje gång den körs. På grund av detta så går den att använda som ett lågvattenmärke och vi utnyttjar detta för att få Java Flight Recorder att kunna återanvända den delen av stacken som redan har traverseras tidigare. Även om det första försöket inte var framgångsrikt när det kommer till att snabba upp prestandan så tar vi en detaljerad titt på kostnaderna och fördelarna med de olika stegen i implementationen och ger råd i hur man skulle kunna använda en sådan här barriär i framtiden.
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Nilsson, Olof. "Access Barriers - from a user´s point of view." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-5799.
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Abstract The aim of this thesis is to suggest a model to assist in the ability to judge access by private persons to Information Technology, IT, and to Public Information Sys-tems, PIS. It has its starting point in the Swedish Government´s endeavour to turn Sweden into the first information society for all. When the available statistics con-cerning the access to a PC and the Internet in Swedish homes are studied it is easy to think that this vision may soon be realised. Of course, access to the technical equipment is a fundamental condition in order to be able to use the Public Informa-tion Systems, but unfortunately, is not the only one. A number of studies have shown that it is not possible to equate possession and use. A number of access models or frameworks designed to judge whether or not a person has access to the ICTs do exist. However, it is my opinion that there is a de-ficiency in these models; they do not start out from the individual user´s prerequi-sites, but rather judge the external conditions available for possible access. Assisted by four empirical studies, interviews and questionnaires, a number of ac-cess barriers experienced by the users have been identified. The studies show that in addition to the technological hindrances, a series of more elusive ones also exist originating from prevailing norms and values in the environment the user lives in. The barriers are categorised into five groups; to have, to be able, to will, to may and to dare. Together these notions form the User Centred Access Model, UCAM, which is suggested for use in charting and communicating the necessary considera-tions that must be taken into account in the development of Public Information Sys-tems. KeywordsLanguagePI - Publika Informationssystem
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Eash-Gates, Philip(Philip Killman). "Modeling barriers to cost change in solar and nuclear energy technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122160.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-122).
The cost of photovoltaic systems has declined more rapidly than other electricity production technologies, while nuclear plant costs have risen. Changing costs have contributed to global energy transitions in the past, and our capacity to decarbonize the electricity sector will depend on the cost of low-carbon electricity production technologies like photovoltaic and nuclear energy. Understanding the mechanisms behind historical cost evolution and potential future improvement can inform the design of energy technologies and the policies that advance them. This thesis investigates historical barriers and future opportunities for cost reduction in solar and nuclear power. By developing innovative mathematical and conceptual models, we address the following questions: (1) How can "plug-and-play" design improve costs in photovoltaic systems? (2) What were the sources of cost escalation and overruns in nuclear power plant construction? We address these questions in chapters 2 and 3.
Chapter 2 assesses the potential for plug-and-play designs to reduce non-module costs in photovoltaic systems. This work advances use of the design structure matrix for studying cost change in energy technologies by evaluating design factors across multiple systems. We identify the cost components with significant latent potential for improvement--profit, installation labor, overhead, electrical balance of system, and customer acquisition--and show that plug-and-play designs have advantageous effects on their constituent parts. A conventional small-scale photovoltaic project contains nearly 600 interactions across 30 or more system elements; we show that plug-and-play designs can reduce the number of interactions by two-thirds and elements by half.
Several mechanisms are important to the cost change potential of plug-and-play technology: eliminating various project tasks or shifting their responsibility to the consumer removes the associated overhead and profit of installation firms; pre-assembly of system components and standardization of project tasks eliminates installation labor costs; reduction and simplification of BOS electrical components lowers equipment costs; and standardization of system design precludes time-intensive tasks involved in customer acquisition. We compare the advantages of prevailing plug-and-play designs and consider future opportunities for technological innovation and policy advancement. Chapter 3 examines the engineering assumptions underlying many nuclear cost models using historical cost data from the U.S. nuclear industry. We show that expectations for technological improvement may have underestimated factors external to hardware design.
By mapping separate cost trajectories for standard plant designs, we find that nth-of-a-kind (NOAK) plants have been more expensive than first-of-a-kind (FOAK) plants, counter to traditional expectations. Indirect costs external to technological design were responsible for most of the cost rise observed between 1976 and 1987. Decomposition of cost changes in the reactor containment building shows that while safety was a significant factor driving cost increases, non-safety factors were comparably influential. Comparing productivity data from recent U.S. plant construction to industry expectations, we find that material deployment rates are up to thirteen times slower than cost estimating guidelines suggest. We discuss which technologies could potentially lower the impact of external, previously cost-increasing factors, with the support of regulatory changes and R&D.
by Philip Eash-Gates.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
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Wang, Jiang. "Growth and relative living standards : testing barriers to riches on post-war panel data." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55687/.
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The main purpose of this thesis has been to estimate and simulate a general equilibrium model of growing small open economies by taking a new testing approach. The effect of business tax and regulation on growth, together with potential effects of government spending on education and R&D, is embodied in this model. We argue that regressions of growth on its supposed causes are not on their own persuasive evidence of these causes. Instead we propose to test theories by a two-stage Popperian procedure in which rejection can occur at each stage. The structural model is estimated on post-war panel data for 76 countries and the bootstrap is used to produce the model's sampling variation for the analysis of panel regressions of growth. In the first stage the model as tightly specified must pass an estimation test in its structural form in the second its bootstrapped implications must be consistent with the growth regressions it implies. We test two main classes of growth theory: one is the Incentivist theory in which growth is caused by incentives for people to engage in entrepreneurial activity, the other is the Activist theory where direct government intervention to stimulate particular activities---specifically education and R&D---causes growth. We are able to reject the latter for education at both the structural and the bootstrap levels and for R&D at the bootstrap level, though not the structural. We accept the Incentivist theory at both levels.
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Brady, Gemma Ann. "Energy efficiency in data centres and the barriers to further improvements : an interdisciplinary investigation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12359/.
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Creation, storage and sharing of data throughout the world is rapidly increasing alongside rising demands for access to the internet, communications and digital services, leading to increasing levels of energy consumption in data centres. Steps have already been taken towards lower energy consumption, however there is still some way to go. To gain a better understanding of what barriers there are to further energy saving, a cross-section of industry representatives were interviewed. Generally, it was found that efforts are being made to reduce energy consumption, albeit to varying degrees. Those interviewed face various problems when attempting to improve their energy consumption including financial difficulties, lack of communication, tenant/landlord type relationships and physical restrictions. The findings show that the data centre industry would benefit from better access to information such as which technologies or management methods to invest in and how other facilities have reduced energy, along with a greater knowledge of the problem of energy consumption. Metrics commonly used in the industry are not necessarily helping facilities to reach higher levels of energy efficiency, and are not suited to their purpose. A case study was conducted to critically assess the Power Utilisation Effectiveness (PUE) metric, the most commonly used metric, through using open source information. The work highlights the fact that whilst the metric is valuable to the industry in terms of creating awareness and competition between companies regarding energy use, it does not give a complete representation of energy efficiency. Crucially the metric also does not consider the energy use of the server, which forms the functional component of the data centre. By taking a closer look at the fans within a server and by focussing on this hidden parameter within the PUE measurement, experimental work in this thesis has also considered one technological way in which a data centre may save energy. Barriers such as those found in the interviews may however restrict such potential energy saving interventions. Overall, this thesis has provided evidence of barriers that may be preventing further energy savings in data centres and provided recommendations for improvement. The industry would benefit from a change in the way that metrics are employed to assess energy efficiency, and new tools to encourage better choices of which technologies and methodologies to employ. The PUE metric is useful to assess supporting infrastructure energy use during design and operation. However when assessing overall impacts of IT energy use, businesses need more indicators such as life cycle carbon emissions to be integrated into the overall energy assessment.
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De, Lusignan Simon. "Overcoming the barriers to the recording of structured clinical data in general practice computer systems." Thesis, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511901.
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Johansson, Johan. "The Role of Big Data Facilitators in the Business Ecosystem : Drivers, Barriers and Value offered." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69589.
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This research focuses on Big Data Facilitators, companies that can help to reduce the complexities of Big Data and offer the value residing in it. These types of companies are highly unexplored, thus the purpose of this research paper is to create an understanding of Big Data Facilitators by studying their drivers and barriers concerning Big Data application, and their general role in the business ecosystem. To answer the overarching purpose four research questions has been proposed: RQ1: What drivers are prominent for Big Data Facilitators concerning the application of Big Data Analytics? RQ2: What barriers are prominent for Big Data Facilitators regarding the application of Big Data? RQ3: What value do Big Data Facilitators offer for their customers? RQ4: What type of customer do Big Data Facilitators offer value to? To answer these questions two phases of research were conducted. Phase one consisted of interviews with 10 different Big Data Facilitators, with the primary focus of understanding their drivers and barriers. The second phase consisted of qualitative analysis of text on websites from 27 Big Data Facilitators, with the primary focus of understanding what value these companies offer and what general customer type they target. The study found that the primary drivers for these companies are Technology as an Enabler, Organisational Knowledge, Agile Organisational Structure and Innovative Foundation and the barriers are Finding Correct Expertise, Process Difficulties, Resource Restrictions and Security Issues. This resulted in the adapted force-field model which shows a weighted representation of these factors. The identified generalizable value being offered was found to be Improved Processes, Innovative Technology, Insight and Convenience. A model called the Four-dimensions model was created with the two phases as basis. It represents an aggregation of the primary factors of influence affecting Big Data Facilitators as well as the value that they offer and most importantly, how the parts interrelate. This thesis provides further depth to the research around Big Data and Big Data analytics, as well as insight in the highly unexplored topic of SMEs relationship with Big Data and Big Data analytics. This since the Big Data Facilitators at hand were either start–ups or small enterprises. Moreover, the research added insight into the almost non-existent research area of Big Data Facilitators and analytics vendors. The managerial implications suggest that companies should strive to, first create an environment for innovation to prosper and continuously strive for keeping an agile organisation structure, by ensuring flexibility, adaptive processes and short lines for data-driven decision making. Second, to create awareness and utilization of the tools and open source–software available during its rapid development. Third, create an attractive environment for managing organisation knowledge and attracting the right expertise needed to understand the complexities of Big Data and handle the abstract algorithms in machine learning and deep learning
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Poudel, Om Prakash. "Identification of barriers and least cost paths for autonomous vehicle navigation using airborne LIDAR data." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43304.
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In the past several years, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has sponsored two Grand Challenges, races among autonomous ground vehicles in rural environments. These vehicles must follow a course delineated by Global Positioning System waypoints using no human guidance. Airborne LIDAR data and GIS can play a significant role in identifying barriers and least cost paths for such vehicles. Least cost paths minimize the sum of impedance across a surface. Impedance can be measured by steepness of slope, impenetrable barriers such as vegetation and buildings, fence lines and streams, or other factors deemed important to the vehicleâ s success at navigating the terrain. This research aims to provide accurate least cost paths for those vehicles using airborne LIDAR data. The concepts of barrier identification and least cost path generation are reviewed and forty-five least cost paths created with their performance compared to corresponding Euclidean paths. The least cost paths were found superior to the corresponding Euclidean paths in terms of impedance as they avoid barriers, follow roads and pass across relatively gentler slopes.Master of Science
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Dallmeier-Tiessen, Sünje. "Drivers and barriers in digital scholarly communication." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16926.
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Zwei Innovationen innerhalb von Open Science werden in dieser Dissertation untersucht: Open Access und der Umgang mit Forschungsdaten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein positives Meinungsbild gegenüber beiden Innovationen, was sich allerdings nicht in einer übergreifenden Umsetzung in der Wissenschaft niederschlägt. Die disziplinären Unterschiede sind markant. Es lassen sich aber übergeordnete Ebenen herausarbeiten: Soziologische, technische & infrastrukturelle, sowie strategische & monetäre Aspekte gehören hierzu, wobei starke Interdependenzen zu verorten sind. Traditionell werden Qualität und Prestige von veröffentlichten wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen als Maßgabe für die Reputation eines Wissenschaftlers angesehen, was klar in den Resultaten dieser Arbeit reflektiert ist. Sie präferieren die Nutzung von Publikationsorganen und Arbeitsabläufen, die in der Fachgemeinschaft etabliert sind. Daraus folgt ein zögerlicher Umgang mit Innovationen, z.B. dem offenem Zugang zu Forschungsdaten, wo es nur wenige etablierte Abläufe gibt. In der Diskussion dieser Arbeit wird die Notwendigkeit einer Verbindung zu heutigen Anreizsystemen und damit den Evaluierungssystemen in der Wissenschaft herausgestellt. Neue Strategien diesbezüglich sind im Aufbau, z.B. mit “zählbaren” Publikationen und Zitationen für Forschungsdaten. Die Kernthemen wurden in der Fallstudie der Hochenergiephysik genauer untersucht. Eine digitale Bibliothek erlaubte dort die praktische Implementierung von Open Science Werkzeugen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen das Potential: mit gezielten Diensten und Anreizen können Wissenschaftler für Open Science gewonnen werden; in diesem Fall zur Teilnahme in einem Crowdsourcingprojekt der digitalen Bibliothek und zur Umsetzung von „data sharing“. Dem Informationsmanagement kommt dabei eine neue Rolle zu, insbesondere bei einer engen Betreuung von Wissenschaftlern im digitalen Forschungsumfeld. Das kann parallel für die Serviceentwicklung und –begleitung genutzt werden.Two major Open Science innovations, Open Access and research data sharing, have been studied in detail in this thesis. A large-scale survey and personal interviews are used to gain detailed insights from a range of disciplines. In addition, a case study in the High Energy Physics (HEP) community was used to study the results in practice. The results show that a rather positive attitude towards both, Open Access and research data sharing is not reflected in the researchers’ practices. Disciplinary differences prevail and relate to the different publishing cultures and research workflows. The results indicate that quality and prestige of research output are perceived as very important in determining a researcher’s reputation. Researchers prefer community-approved publication outlets. They hesitate to explore new innovations, such as data sharing, for which only few established workflows exist in digital scholarly communication. Interviewees highlight the significance of a (missing) link between such approaches on the one hand and the current incentive system and the research assessment schemes on the other. The results indicate that barriers can be overcome. In the case study, a strong collaboration with the community facilitated enhanced feedback loops to develop tailored and targeted services for Open Science. Researchers in the case study were successfully engaged in new innovative workflows: a crowdsourcing tool and data sharing in a digital library. The results highlight that opportunities of Open Science are not yet explored widely. But with targeted support, it is possible to build on best practices and develop strategies that engage communities in new innovations. The results furthermore demand new strategies to establish links from Open Science services to the academic incentive system. It is needed to revisit the current research assessment scheme in regard to potential support mechanisms for Open Science.
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Nichols, Valenta Eunice. "Exploring Welfare Recipients' Self-Sufficiency Barriers through Information Management Systems in Tennessee." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6075.
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Families living on welfare in low-income impoverished neighborhoods encounter multiple barriers that need mitigating before seeking work to reach self-sufficiency. Many welfare recipients' self-sufficiency barriers are unnoticeable to caseworkers due to lack of data sharing to assess clients' needs through information technology processes. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was to understand welfare recipients' viewpoints on socioeconomic barriers to living self-sufficiently and gain perspectives from human services caseworkers and technical resources on data sharing issues that impact recipients' ability to live independently from government assistance. Data collection and observational field notes resulted from in-depth interviews of 11 participants to capture welfare recipients' lived experience on human services barriers to achieve self-sufficiency, as well as, caseworker and technical resources views on welfare systems data sharing issues. The analysis of semistructured interviews revealed that welfare systems data sharing is an enhancement needed to help caseworkers identify and mitigate welfare recipients' self-sufficiency barriers. The common assessment framework model provided a contextual view to exploring research questions to elicit participants' perceptions of data sharing in welfare systems processes. The data analysis showed that the lack of data sharing impacts caseworkers' ability to assist recipients with self-sufficiency barriers. Results indicated the need for caseworkers to use data sharing to understand client's socioeconomic barriers and to make effective decisions to lead them to self-sufficiency. The impact on positive social change is using automated data sharing to identify and mitigate recipients' barriers to self-sufficiency.
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Ahuja, Manik, and Robert Jr Aseltine. "Barriers to Dissemination of Local Health Data Faced by US State Agencies: Survey Study of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Coordinators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8849.
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Background: Advances in information technology have paved the way to facilitate accessibility to population-level health data through web-based data query systems (WDQSs). Despite these advances in technology, US state agencies face many challenges related to the dissemination of their local health data. It is essential for the public to have access to high-quality data that are easy to interpret, reliable, and trusted. These challenges have been at the forefront throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the most significant challenges faced by state agencies, from the perspective of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) coordinator from each state, and to assess if the coordinators from states with a WDQS perceive these challenges differently. Methods: We surveyed BRFSS coordinators (N=43) across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. We surveyed the participants about contextual factors and asked them to rate system aspects and challenges they faced with their health data system on a Likert scale. We used two-sample t tests to compare the means of the ratings by participants from states with and without a WDQS. Results: Overall, 41/43 states (95%) make health data available over the internet, while 65% (28/43) employ a WDQS. States with a WDQS reported greater challenges (P=.01) related to the cost of hardware and software (mean score 3.44/4, 95% CI 3.09-3.78) than states without a WDQS (mean score 2.63/4, 95% CI 2.25-3.00). The system aspect of standardization of vocabulary scored more favorably (P=.01) in states with a WDQS (mean score 3.32/5, 95% CI 2.94-3.69) than in states without a WDQS (mean score 2.85/5, 95% CI 2.47-3.22). Conclusions: Securing of adequate resources and commitment to standardization are vital in the dissemination of local-level health data. Factors such as receiving data in a timely manner, privacy, and political opposition are less significant barriers than anticipated.
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Kim, Suduck. "The difference in BIM component data requirements between prescriptive representations and actual practices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56476.
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Utilizing Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Facility Management (FM) can reduce interoperability costs during the Operations and Maintenance (OandM) phase by improving data management. However, there are technological, process related, and organizational barriers to successful implementation of BIM integrated FM (BIM-FM), and process related barriers might be solved by the use of BIM integrated FM (BIM-FM) guidelines. However, the guidelines need to be updated with lessons learned from actual practices in order to maintain their validity. In order to diagnose current practices and identify key differences between prescriptive representations and actual practices, this exploratory research compares BIM component data requirements between guidelines and actual practices at public higher education institutions in Virginia. The gap in BIM component data requirements between the guidelines and the actual practices may prevent successful implementation of BIM-FM. This research is composed of three parts: a synthesis of prescriptive representations, determination of actual data requirements in practice, and comparison of differences between guidelines and practices. Document analysis and case study via document analysis and in-person interviews were conducted to collect data. Then, direct comparison was conducted to test the research question. Though the researcher disapproved the established hypothesis of 'There would be some differences in BIM component data requirements between prescriptive representations and actual practices' due to the difference in level of information and details between prescriptive representations and actual practices, this exploratory research provides useful information.Master of Science
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Hamza, Maissa. "Exploring barriers and pathways to data protection by design within IT companies : An integrated approach based on experts’ perspectives." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141457.
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The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will soon come into force, it is a regulation which spells out increased compliance demands for data protection by design. Failure to comply can lead to huge financial penalties, something IT companies controlling and processing personal data should not ignore. As the one-year countdown begins, studies have revealed under-preparedness of organizations affected by the GDPR. None of the studies so far has offered an integrated overview of the barriers faced by IT companies to embrace data protection by design. This study aims to help fill this gap and to investigate. A study based on expert’s knowledge has been carried out, using an integrated approach. Five experts from advocacy, legal and IT industry were interviewed, aiming to answer the following research question: “What are the barriers for IT companies to embrace data protection by design and how should these barriers be overcome?” An integrated overview of the barriers will then be presented, which includes the managerial, engineering and legal obstacles. The study goes on to present pathways to embrace data protection by design. A key contribution to this study is that managerial, legal and engineering barriers have shown to be directly interconnected and influence on each other. As such a much broader view must be undertaken to fully understand the different barriers that face IT companies in embracing data protection by design.
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Hicks, Michael. "Organisational barriers and their relationship to the effective use of information system audit trails." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/335.
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Audit trails are important asa detection and monitoring mechanism for unethical or unauthorised behaviour from internal, as well as external users. In addition, they can be used to demonstrate a proof of business process or as an evidentiary record to assess the integrityof an information system. Their effective use is promoted as being an essential component of a well-balanced and complete security policy. Despite the widespread acknowledgrnent of the importance of audit trails, surveys have repeatedly shown they are often neglected in terms of both the degree of implementation and effectiveness. This study explores the evidence that suggests that organisational issues, rather than technical problems may be the cause of deficiencies in audit trail effectiveness. Organisational barriers identified in current and prior studies include, lack of appropriate training, lack of comprehensive security policies and procedures, and an absence of IT staff recruitment policy.
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Danielsson, Lukas, and Ronja Toss. "Is Big data too Big for Swedish SMEs? : A quantitative study examining how the employees of small and medium-sized enterprises perceive Big data analytics." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75279.
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Background: Marketing is evolving because of Big data, and there are a lot of possibilities as well as challenges associated with Big data, especially for small and medium-sized companies (SMEs), who face barriers that prevent them from taking advantage of Big data. For companies to analyze Big data, Big data analytics are used which helps companies analyze large amounts of data. However, previous research is lacking in regard to how SMEs can implement Big data analytics and how Big data analytics are perceived by SMEs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the employees of Swedish SMEs perceive Big data analytics. Research Questions: How do employees of Swedish SMEs perceive Big data analytics in their current work environment? How do the barriers impact the perceptions of Big data analytics? Methodology: The research proposes a quantitative cross-sectional design as the source of empirical data. To gather the data, a survey was administered to the employees of Swedish companies that employed less than 250 people, these companies were regarded as SMEs. 139 answered the survey and out of those, the analysis was able to use 93 of the answers. The data was analyzed using previous theories, such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Findings: The research concluded that the employees had positive perceptions about Bigdata analytics. Further, the research concluded that two of the barriers (security and resources) analyzed impacted the perceptions of the employees, whereas privacy of personal data did not. Theoretical Implications: This study adds to the lacking Big data research and improves the understanding of Big data and Big data analytics. The study also adds to the existing gap in literature to provide a more comprehensive view of Big data. Limitations: The main limitation of the study was that previous literature has been vague and ambiguous and therefore may not be applicable. Practical Implications: The study helps SMEs understand how to better implement Big data analytics and what barriers need to be prioritized regarding Big data analytics. Originality: To the best of the author’s knowledge, there is a significant lack of academic literature regarding Big data, Big data analytics and Swedish SMEs, therefore this study could be one of the pioneer studies examining these topics which will significantly contribute to current research.
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Tankersley, William Joseph. "Distance education in Georgia's public school districts baseline data on utilization and the perceived barriers to implementation and expansion /." Click here to access dissertation, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2005/william%5Fj%5Ftankersley/tankersley%5Fwilliam%5Fj%5F200605%5Fedd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-159).
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Akanegbu, J. O. (Justice Orazulukwe). "Development of a precipitation index-based conceptual model to overcome sparse data barriers in runoff prediction in cold climate." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221281.
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Abstract This thesis describes the development of a new precipitation index-based conceptual water balance model with parameters easily regionalized through the functional relationship with catchment and climate attributes. It also presents a simple method for improving model dynamics for streamflow simulations in a non-stationary climate. The model was developed for streamflow modelling and prediction in high-latitude catchments, where model parameter regionalization is difficult due to limited availability of hydrological data for the region. The model couples a snow accumulation and melt formulation with a current precipitation index (CPI) formulation to simulate daily precipitation in runoff hydrograph pattern from catchments with seasonal snow cover. Using new runoff conversion factors CT and Lf, and a threshold flow factor ThQ, the simulated CPI hydrograph is converted into daily runoff and routed using the transformation function Maxbas. The model was developed in Microsoft Excel workbook and tested in 32 catchments in Finland, a region with considerable seasonal snow cover. The results showed that the model can adequately simulate and reproduce the dynamics of daily runoff from catchments where the underlying physical conditions are not known. In addition, incorporating temperature conditions influencing inter-annual variability in streamflow into the model structure improved its structural dynamics, thereby improving its performance in a non-stationary climate. Most model parameters showed strong relationships with observable catchment characteristics, climate characteristics, or both. The parameter functional relationships derived from the model parameter-catchment relationships produced equally good model results when applied to independent test catchments used as mock-ungauged catchments. Inclusion of snow-water equivalent records and use of multiple objective functions for snow-water equivalent and runoff simulations during model optimization helped reduce the effect of parameter equifinality, making it easier to determine optimal parameter values. The current precipitation index (CPIsnow) model is a parsimonious tool for predicting streamflow in data-limited high-latitude regionsTiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja käsittelee yksinkertaisen sadantaan perustuvan konseptuaalisen vesitasemallin kehitystä ja soveltamista boreaalisille valuma-alueille sekä malliin liittyvää alueellista parametrisointia valuma-alueominaisuuksien ja ilmastoaineiston perusteella. Hydrologinen malli on luotu laskemaan ja ennustamaan valuntaa pohjoisille valuma-alueille, joilta on vähän hydrologista tietoa. Malli yhdistää lumen kertymisen ja sulannan tunnettuun sadantaindeksiin perustuvaan malliin (CPI) ja edelleen simuloi päivittäisen hydrografin valuma-alueille, joilla on selkeä lumipeitteinen ajanjakso. Malli laskee MaxBas funktion avulla CPI:llä muodostetun hydrografin päivittäiseksi valunnaksi valuntaan liittyvien malliparametrien CT ja Lf sekä virtaaman kynnysarvon ThQ avulla. Malli kehitettiin Excel-ympäristössä ja sitä testattiin 32 valuma-alueella Suomessa. Valuma-alueet edustivat maantieteellisesti kattavasti alueita, joilla esiintyy tyypillisesti kausittainen lumipeite. Saadut tulokset osoittivat, että kehitetty malli simuloi ja tuottaa päivittäisen valunnan riittävällä tarkkuudella valuma-alueille, vaikka hydrologista ja fysikaalista tietoa alueilta olisi niukasti. Useimmat malliparametrit olivat vahvasti riippuvaisia joko valuma-alue ominaisuuksista tai ilmastollisista parametreista tai molemmista. Parametrien funktionaalinen yhteys muodostettiin valuma-alueiden ominaisuuksien perusteella ja testattiin riippumattomalla valuma-aluejoukolla hyvin tuloksin. Malliparametrien samatavoitteellisuutta eli ekvifinaliteettiä voitiin vähentää huomioimalla mallissa lumen vesiarvomittaukset sekä hyödyntämällä useita parametrisia funktioita. Tällöin myös optimaalisten parametrien löytyminen nopeutui ja helpottui. Tämän väitöstyön pohjalta syntynyt uusi sadannan indeksiin pohjautuva laskentamalli (CPIsnow) mahdollistaa valunnan arvioinnin pieniltä valuma-alueilta, joilta on niukasti aineistoa saatavilla ja joissa lumen sulanta ja kertyminen ovat keskeisiä hydrologisia prosesseja
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Smith, Therese. "Barriers and opportunities of offshoring strategies : The case of Indpro." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258707.
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Communication technology allows companies to deliver services electronically. This leads to a lower dependence on geographical location. Historically, companies have moved IT related work to countries where wages are lower to decrees costs. When IT systems over time increases in complexity, competence and resource availability becomes more important. In order to achieve success, the customer and vendor need to work closely. In previous research the customers’ point of view are mainly presented when examining the offshoring relation, but participation effect the vendor as well. The need to examine the offshoring relationship from the vendor’s point of view has increased as the vendor becomes more significant. This thesis has examined the point of view of Indpro, an IT service provider located in Bangalore (India) primarily serving customers located in Sweden. The empirical materials are based on a field study of Indpro during the author´s ten-week stay in Bangalore, India, where daily work was conducted at Indpro’s office. Materials collected during the field study where analysed through the lens of the theoretical framework created by Balaji & Ahuja (2005), called the offshore project success model. In conclusion, there is no doubt that cross-cultural understanding and clear expectations form the foundation of a trusting relationship between the vendor and the customer, which builds project success.
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Ramachandran, Ambili. "Barriers to healthcare contribute to delays in follow-up among women with abnormal cancer screening: data from the Patient Navigation Research Program." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21242.
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Thesis (M.S.C.E.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.BACKGROUND: Patient navigation programs were designed to address barriers to healthcare among underserved populations in order to reduce delays in cancer care delivery. While emerging data suggest modest effects of navigation on reducing delays, there is limited understanding of the association between barriers to care and clinical outcomes within patient navigation programs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of barriers on timely diagnostic care in the multicenter Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP). STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from the intervention arms of PNRP centers that navigated women for abnormal breast or cervical cancer screening tests from 2007 to 2010. METHODS: Analyses were performed separately for breast and cervical subjects. The main independent variables were (a) number of unique barriers to care (0, 1, 2, or 3+) documented during patient navigation encounters and (b) presence of socio-legal barriers (yes/no), those social problems related to meeting life’s most basic needs that are supported by public policy, regulation, and programming and thus potentially remedied through legal advice or advocacy. The outcome of interest was median time to diagnostic resolution, or the interval from index screening abnormality to diagnostic resolution, estimated using Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curves. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with time to diagnostic resolution as the outcome examined the impact of barriers, controlling for socio-demographics and stratifying by study center. RESULTS: Among 2600 breast screening subjects, three-quarters had barriers to care (25% 1 barrier, 16% 2 barriers and 34% 3+ barriers). Among 1387 cervical screening subjects, slightly more than half had barriers (31% 1 barrier, 11% 2 barriers, and 13% 3+ barriers). Among breast subjects, we found the presence of barriers was associated with less timely resolution for any number of barriers compared to no barriers. Among cervical subjects, only the presence of 2 or more barriers was associated with less timely resolution. Both socio-legal and non socio-legal barriers were associated with delay among breast and cervical subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Navigated women with barriers resolve cancer screening abnormalities at a slower rate compared to those with no barriers. Further research is necessary to maximize the impact of patient navigation programs nationwide.
2031-01-01
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Yip, Kitty. "Exploring Barriers to Knowledge Sharing : A Case Study of a Virtual Community of Practice in a Swedish Multinational Corporation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-15402.
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This thesis reports on the results of a quantitative study of various barriers to knowledge sharing in a virtual community of practice within Sigma Kudos, a Swedish multinational organization. The study was undertaken to investigate the under-utilization of a virtual "teamroom". Members' views showed that the biggest barrier involved the way in which people chose to share their knowledge; the respondents preferred sharing knowledge in their existing face-to-face networks. Face-to-face sharing mainly seemed to occur between individuals who had a common ground and shared experiences, and between individuals who were in convenient proximity to each other. Time constraints in combination with perceived lack of intranet site structure implied a redundancy of the teamroom as yet another internal site. Another prominent set of barriers that emerged from the findings was related to aspects of uncertainty and unfamiliarity with the teamroom. Additionally, survey comments revealed the use of teamroom features to be a barrier. To enable co-evolved knowledge structures to occur via the community, it is necessary for management to understand face-to-face sharing behavior in terms of implicit and tacit knowledge. It is vital to change the perception of teamroom sharing as an extra task requiring more time. Moreover, the teamroom needs to be distinguished in context of the greater intranet structure, as well as when it comes to the different sections of the community itself. To foster knowledge sharing in the teamroom, it is also important to define and communicate the strategic meaning of it.
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Harrison, Jennifer A. "Exploring the Role of Data Engagement in Intent to Change Management Practices for Improved Farm Sustainability." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503250466552905.
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Bektasoglu, Beyhan [Verfasser], and Martina [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockmeier. "Assessing the impact of data disaggregation level and non-tariff barriers in regional trade agreements utilizing the Global Trade Analysis Project Framework / Beyhan Bektasoglu. Betreuer: Martina Brockmeier." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075249384/34.
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Ma, Jing. "Implementing E-learning in Traditional Universities: Drivers and Barriers? : A comparative study of two Chinese universities and one Swedish university." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12464.
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Introduction: Along with the rapid spread of the World Wide Web, internet, and personal computers, e-learning has been increasingly adopted by higher educational institutions (HEIs). A serial of studies have been conducted in order to study the implementation of e-learning in HEIs. This study is a comparative study of two Chinese universities and one Swedish university. It is trying to answer the following research questions:
- What are teachers’ attitudes towards e-learning and purpose for using it?
- What are the driving factors and barriers of e-learning implementation?
- How do national cultures influence the e-learning implementation?
Purpose: This study is conducted as an explorative study. It is seeking to find out driving factors and barriers of e-learning implementation in HEIs; Analyse the impact of national culture on e-learning implementation based on the findings and the analysis out of Hofstede´s culture dimension model.
Method: The deductive approach will be adopted in this study. Therefore, a hypothesis has been built and tested by both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through questionnaires and the secondary was collected from internet resources, books, published articles and conference papers.
Conclusion: There are similarities and differences between universities from the two countries, however, the differences are relatively greater than the similarities. Taken into consideration the significant differences in culture of these two countries, the conclusion can be drawn that national culture is a significant ingredient of factors that can affect e-learning implementations in HEIs.
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Wang, Xiaojin. "ESSAYS ON AGRICULTURAL MARKET AND POLICIES: IMPORTED SHRIMP, ORGANIC COFFEE, AND CIGARETTES IN THE UNITED STATES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/41.
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This dissertation focuses on topics in areas of agricultural and food policy, international trade, agricultural markets and marketing. The dissertation is structured as three papers. The first paper, Chapter 1, evaluates the impact of agricultural trade policies. Imported shrimp, which comprises nearly ninety percent of all United States shrimp consumption, have become the subject of antidumping and countervailing duty investigations in the past decade. I estimate the import demand for shrimp in the United States from 1999-2014, using the Barten’s synthetic model. I test the hypothesis of possible structural breaks in the import demand introduced by various trade policies: antidumping/countervailing duty investigations and impositions, and import refusals due to safety and environmental issues. Results show that these import-restricting policies have significant effects on the import shrimp demand, indicating that the omission of them would lead to biased estimates.
Chapter 2, the second paper, examines how the burden of state cigarette tax is divided between producers/retailers and consumers, by using the Nielsen store-level scanner data on cigarette prices from convenience stores over the period 2011–2012. Cigarette taxes were found more than fully passed through to retail prices on average, suggesting consumers pay excess burden and market power exists in the cigarette industry. Utilizing information on the attributes of cigarette products, we demonstrated that tax incidence varied by brand and package size: pass-through rates for premium brands and carton-packaged cigarettes are higher than those for discount brands and cigarettes in packs, respectively, indicating possibilities of different demand elasticities across product tiers.
Chapter 3, the third paper, focuses on identifying the demographic characteristics of households buying organic coffee, by examining the factors that influence the probability that a consumer will buy organic coffee, and which factors affect the amount organic coffee purchased. Using nationally representative household level data from 55,470 households over the period of 2011 to 2013 (Nielsen Homescan), and a censored demand model, we find that economic and demographic factors play a crucial role in the household choice of purchasing organic coffee. Furthermore, households are less sensitive to own-price changes in the case of organic coffee versus conventional coffee.
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Larsson, Ellinor. "Communication Through Translation : An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Mental Health Professionals' Experiences of Working With Interpreters." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176250.
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The current study explores the experiences of mental health care professionals in Sweden who conduct therapy with the assistance of an interpreter. Seven participants took part in semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 1996). Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the interview transcripts: (1) communication and translation - highlighting the communicative challenges and benefits that arise when using an interpreter, (2) the interpreter as a person and as a professional - describing the variation of interpreters in terms of behavior, personality, roles, and professionalism, and their impact on psychological treatment, and (3) dynamics and relations - featuring the interpreter’s impact on the dynamics and the process of building a patient-therapist alliance. The results show that all participants find it difficult to determine the accuracy of the translation, and several techniques used by the clinician to ensure a correct translation were pointed out. Moreover, findings highlight the essentiality of non-verbal cues and body language in communication and that the role and the behavior, in addition to several personal factors of the interpreter has an impact on the patient-therapist alliance and therapy dynamics. In addition, the study illuminates the patient’s impact on the interpreter as many interpreters themselves have been through traumatic experiences, which in turn may affect the therapeutic process. The findings of the current study show how important it is for clinicians, mental health services, and interpreting services to take the interpreters’ impact on the clinician, the patient, and the therapeutic outcome into account. The study aims to contribute to a better understanding of clinicians’ experiences of working with interpreters to improve the use of - and collaboration with - interpreters and thereby raise the standard of psychological treatment for refugees and asylum seekers.
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Santos, Ana Filipa da Cruz. "As diretivas comunitárias de proteção de dados pessoais e a sua aplicação em Portugal:barreiras e facilitadores." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13331.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasNum mundo onde cada vez mais a informação se encontra facilmente disponível, surgem novos desafios à proteção dos dados pessoais dos cidadãos. O tema da proteção de dados pessoais tem ganho crescente importância no contexto atual, isto porque a informação é cada vez mais um bem fundamental e por isso mesmo tem de ser devidamente protegida, pois uma simples divulgação de dados pode causar danos irreversíveis, quer a um nível micro, quer a um nível macro. Deste modo importa conhecer o que a União Europeia já fez e o que está a fazer nesta matéria. Assim, com base neste contexto, o trabalho que aqui se apresenta pretende identificar os fatores (barreiras e facilitadores) que influenciam a implementação e aplicação das diretivas comunitárias de proteção de dados pessoais em Portugal. Para a identificação destes fatores, optámos por uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa e realizámos entrevistas semi-estruturadas a quatro profissionais da área da proteção de dados pessoais. Para a realização da investigação recorremos ainda à pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental, participação em conferências e entrevistas exploratórias. Na fase de resultados e após a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, concluiu-se que das catorze questões incorporadas no guião, treze questões são facilitadores do processo de aplicação das diretivas comunitárias de proteção de dados pessoais em Portugal, umas com maior incidência do que outras. No entanto conseguimos identificar as questões com mais facilitadores e com mais barreiras, identificando assim as condições de sucesso e de insucesso para a aplicação das diretivas. Neste trabalho indicamos as diretivas de proteção de dados pessoais e as respetivas leis que as transpõem. A realização deste trabalho permitiu ainda abordar questões importantes no âmbito da proteção de dados pessoais, como é o caso dos direitos dos titulares dos dados, das obrigações dos responsáveis pelo tratamento dos dados ou ainda a Comissão Nacional de Proteção de Dados.
In a world where more and more information is easily available, there are new challenges to the protection of personal data of citizens. The issue of personal data protection has gained increasing importance in the current context, this is because information is increasingly a fundamental and must be properly protected, because a simple disclosure of data can cause irreversible damage, either to a micro level, either at the macro level. Thus it is important to know what the European Union has done and what it is doing in this area. Thus, based on this context, the work presented here aims to identify the factors (barriers and facilitators) that influence the implementation and application of EU directives of personal data protection in Portugal. To identify these factors, we opted for a qualitative methodology and held semi-structured interviews to four professionals in the field of personal data protection. To carry out the research we use also to literature, document analysis, participation in conferences and exploratory interviews. In the results and after the content analysis of the interviews, it was concluded that the fourteen issues incorporated in the script, thirteen issues are facilitators of the process of application of community directives of personal data protection in Portugal, with higher incidence than other. However we can identify the issues with more facilitators and more barriers, identifying the conditions of success and of failure to implement the directives. In this work we indicate the personal data protection directives and the respective laws that transposes. This work also helped to address important issues in the protection of personal data, such as the rights of data subjects, the obligations of data controllers or the National Data Protection Commission.
N/A
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Crusoe, Jonathan. "Open Data Ecosystem : The Data Market between Municipalities and Businesses." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129399.
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Inside an open data ecosystem, between municipality and business, there exists an unexplored data market based on open data sets. As actors works towards a functioning ecosystem, resistance is expressed. In this study, we explore and expand the insight of an open data ecosystem and bring forth actors’ resistance expression. This paper is the result of a case study about three municipalities, five business and their relation towards the data market in aSwedish context. From interviews, observations, documents, and thorough analysis we found that municipalities have limited knowledge, resources and political leadership, while businesses are affected by the lacking technical infrastructure on many levels, where open data products never become reality and are in a constant fear. The lacking collaboration infrastructure makes it impossible for municipalities to hear the prayers chanted by businesses. And nowhere to be found is the political leadership needed to move this chaos into order. From this, a deadlock is condensed where no one can act.NODS - Nationell tjänst för öppna data
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Wong, Kun-wing Peter, and 黃冠榮. "Breaking the learning barrier of Chinese Changjei input method." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961198.
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Tygielski, Susanne C. "Barriers to Live Animal Handling Training for Zoo Volunteers." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1409%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Wong, Kun-wing Peter. "Breaking the learning barrier of Chinese Changjei input method /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21367875.
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Weiß, Marie [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Barth, Matthias [Gutachter] Barth, Armin [Gutachter] Wiek, and Marco [Gutachter] Rieckmann. "How to embed sustainability in the core of higher education institutions: drivers of, barriers to, and patterns behind the implementation processes of sustainability curricula : Insights from a quantitative meta-study with data from around the globe / Marie Weiß ; Gutachter: Matthias Barth, Armin Wiek, Marco Rieckmann ; Betreuer: Matthias Barth." Lüneburg : Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241329877/34.
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Gassner, Ulrich M. "Blockchain in EU e-health - blocked by the barrier of data protection?" Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32043.
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Compliance with data protection requirements is always a tricky business and even more
intricate when it comes to cutting-edge technologies such as distributed ledger technology
(DLT), better known as Block Chain Technology (BCT). These difficulties increase even
more when the personal data concerned is accorded a special level of protection, as is the
case with health data. The following article aims to describe and analyze the legal issues
associated with this scenario. The focus here is on the European Union's (EU) General
Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 1, which took effect on May 25, 2018. Furthermore,
the functionality of BCT and its possible fields of application in healthcare will be outlined.
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Jenkins, Robert M. "Semiclassical Asymptotics of the Focusing Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation for Square Barrier Initial Data." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193553.
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The small dispersion limit of the focusing nonlinear Schroödinger equation (fNLS) exhibits a rich structure with rapid oscillations at microscopic scales. Due to the non self-adjoint scattering problem associated to fNLS, very few rigorous results exist in the semiclassical limit. The asymptotics for reectionless WKB-like initial data was worked out in [KMM03] and for the family q(x, 0) = sech^(1+(i/∈)μ in [TVZ04]. In both studies the authors observed sharp breaking curves in the space-time separating regions with disparate asymptotic behaviors. In this paper we consider another exactly solvable family of initial data, specifically the family of centered square pulses, q(x; 0) = qx[-L,L] for real amplitudes q. Using Riemann- Hilbert techniques we obtain rigorous pointwise asymptotics for the semiclassical limit of fNLS globally in space and up to an O(1) maximal time. In particular, we find breaking curves emerging in accord with the previous studies. Finally, we show that the discontinuities in our initial data regularize by the immediate generation of genus one oscillations emitted into the support of the initial data. This is the first case in which the genus structure of the semiclassical asymptotics for fNLS have been calculated for non-analytic initial data.
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Wallander, Cornelia. "Rigid barrier or not? : Machine Learning for classifying Traffic Control Plans using geographical data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352826.
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In this thesis, four different Machine Learning models and algorithms have been evaluated in the work of classifying Traffic Control Plans in the City of Helsingborg. Before a roadwork can start, a Traffic Control Plan must be created and submitted to the Traffic unit in the city. The plan consists of information regarding the roadwork and how the work can be performed in a safe manner, concerning both road workers and car drivers, pedestrians and cyclists that pass by. In order to know what safety barriers are needed both the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) and the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) have made a classification of roads to guide contractors and traffic technicians what safety barriers are suitable to provide a safe workplace. The road classifications are built upon two rules; the amount of traffic and the speed limit of the road. Thus real-world problems have shown that these classifications are not applicable to every single case. Therefore, each roadwork must be judged and evaluated from its specific attributes. By creating and training a Machine Learning model that is able to determine if a rigid safety barrier is needed or not a classification can be made based on historical data. In this thesis, the performance of several Machine Learning models and datasets are presented when Traffic Control Plans are classified. The algorithms used for the classification task were Random Forest, AdaBoost, K-Nearest Neighbour and Artificial Neural Network. In order to know what attributes to include in the dataset, participant observations in combination with interviews were held with a traffic technician at the City of Helsingborg. The datasets used for training the algorithms were primarily based on geographical data but information regarding the roadwork and period of time were also included in the dataset. The results of this study indicated that it was preferred to include road attribute information in the dataset. It was also discovered that the classification accuracy was higher if the attribute values of the geographical data were continuous instead of categorical. In the results it was revealed that the AdaBoost algorithm had the highest performance, even though the difference in performance was not that big compared to the other algorithms.
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Braginton, Pauline. "Taxonomy of synchronization and barrier as a basic mechanism for building other synchronization from it." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2288.
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A Distributed Shared Memory(DSM) system consists of several computers that share a memory area and has no global clock. Therefore, an ordering of events in the system is necessary. Synchronization is a mechanism for coordinating activities between processes, which are program instantiations in a system.
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Hau, Vincent Sinh. "EFFECT OF PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATORY PAIN ON THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1071%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Giovannini, Paolo. "Sistema integrato di crowdsourcing e data integration in contesto accessible smart city." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5644/.
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Johnson, Jack Royce III. "POLYMER BLENDS, COMPOSITES AND AEROGEL MODIFICATION BY INNOVATIVE APPROACHES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1317409667.
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Silva, Geisiane Michelle da. "O impacto da crise financeira de 2008 sobre as exportações paranaenses: uma aplicação do modelo gravital." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2153.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on Paraná´s exports through Gravity Model. The Gravity Equation estimated used as the dependent variable the exports of Paraná and as independent variables the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population of the state, GDP and population of importers countries of products from Paraná, the distance in kilometers between the state´s capital and the capital of the importer country, commodities prices in the international market, the area of importers countries and the dummies crisis, China, NAFTA, European Union and MERCOSUR. The Equation was estimated using panel data models by Pooled, Fixed Effects and Random Effects. The tests of Chow, Hausman and Breusch-Pagan LM indicated that the best model to be analyzed is the Random Effects. The tests of Breusch -Pagan and Wooldridge indicated, respectively, the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. Thus, the Random Effects model was estimated with heteroscedasticity correction, with correction for autocorrelation and both fixes. According to the Equation estimated by the Random Effects model with heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation correction, the variables GDP and population of Paraná, GDP and population of importers countries and commodities prices were statistically significant and their coefficients showed, with the exception of the Paraná´s GDP, a positive relationship with the Paraná´s exports. The variables distance and area of importers countries were statistically insignificant and their coefficients showed an inverse relationship with exports of Paraná. The dummies China, NAFTA, European Union and MERCOSUR were statistically insignificant. Their coefficients showed a positive relationship between the Paraná´s exports and China and MERCOSUR and negative with NAFTA and the European Union. The dummy crisis was statistically significant, indicating that reduction in demand caused by the global financial crisis led to a reduction of 11,68% in Paraná´s exports. However, between 2008 and 2009, the Paraná´s exports fell by 26,3%. Thus, the occurrence of crisis partially explained the drop in exports of Paraná between 2008 and 2009. This can be explained by non-tariff barriers imposed by countries in response to the financial crisis.
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da crise financeira de 2008 nas exportações do Paraná através do Modelo Gravitacional. A Equação Gravitacional estimada utilizou como variável dependente as exportações do Paraná e como variáveis independentes o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) e a população do estado, o PIB e a população dos países importadores de produtos paranaenses, a distância em quilômetros entre a capital do estado e a capital do país importador, o preço das commodities no mercado internacional, a área dos países importadores e as dummies crise, China, NAFTA, União Europeia e MERCOSUL. A Equação foi estimada por meio de dados em painel pelos modelos Pooled, de Efeitos Fixos e de Efeitos Aleatórios. Os testes de Chow, Hausman e LM de Breusch-Pagan indicaram que o melhor modelo a ser analisado é o de Efeitos Aleatórios. Os testes de Breusch-Pagan e de Wooldridge indicaram, respectivamente, a presença de heterocedasticidade e de autocorrelação. Assim, o modelo de Efeitos Aleatórios foi estimado com correção de heterocedasticidade, com correção de autocorrelação e com ambas as correções. De acordo com a Equação estimada pelo modelo de Efeitos Aleatórios com correção de heterocedasticidade e autocorrelação, as variáveis PIB e população paranaense, PIB e população dos países importadores e preço das commodities foram estatisticamente significativas e seus coeficientes indicaram, com exceção do PIB do Paraná, relação positiva com as exportações paranaenses. As variáveis distância e área dos países importadores foram estatisticamente insignificantes e seus coeficientes mostraram uma relação inversa com as exportações do Paraná. As dummies China, NAFTA, União Europeia e MERCOSUL foram estatisticamente insignificantes. Seus coeficientes indicaram relação positiva entre as exportações paranaenses e a China e o MERCOSUL e negativa com o NAFTA e a União Europeia. A dummy crise foi estatisticamente significativa, indicando que redução da demanda global ocasionada pela crise financeira acarretou redução de 11,68% nas exportações paranaenses. Entretanto, entre 2008 e 2009, as exportações paranaenses apresentaram queda de 26,3%. Assim, a ocorrência da crise explicou parcialmente a queda das exportações do Paraná entre 2008 e 2009. Isto pode ser justificado pelas barreiras não tarifárias impostas pelos países em resposta à crise financeira.
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Girard-Alcindor, Valerian. "Above barrier narrow resonances in fluorine-15." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC209.
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L’étude des noyaux non liés permet de tester notre compréhension du noyau atom- ique dans des conditions extrêmes. Dans cette thèse nous avons analysé deux expériences distinctes réalisées au GANIL au cours desquels nous avons étudié le fluor 15 situé deux neutrons au delà de la drip-line proton. Une des particularités intéressante de ce noyau est la présence d’états de parité négative particulièrement étroits et situés au dessus des barrières Coulombiennes et centrifuges. Nous nous sommes intéressés dans ce travail à ces états, nous avons confirmé l’existence du second état excité 1/2- et avons observé deux nouveaux états, un état 5/2- et un état 3/2- en mesurant leur décroissance par émission d’un ou de deux protons. Nous avons discuté la structure de ces états et avons tenté d’expliquer l’asymétrie observée entre l’état 3/2- du fluor 15 et son analogue dans le carbone 15. Nous avons détaillé aussi la possibilité d’observer des décroissances gammas entre états non-liésThe study of unbound nuclei beyond the drip-lines allows us to test our understand- ing of the atomic nucleus under extreme conditions. In this thesis, we have analyzed two separate GANIL experiments in which fluorine 15, located two proton beyond the proton drip-line, was studied. One of the interesting particularity of this nucleus is the presence of particularly narrow negative parity states, above the Coulomb and centrifugal barriers. In this work, we were interested in theses states. We have confirmed the existence of the second excited state 1/2- and have observed two new states, a 5/2- state and a 3/2- state by measuring their decay by emitting either one or two protons. The structure of these states has been discussed and we have tried to explain the origin of the asymmetry observed between the 3/2- state of fluorine 15 and its analogue state in carbon 15. We have also detailed the possibility of gamma transitions between unbound states
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Sun, Peng, and Robert M. Freund. "Computation of Minimum Volume Covering Ellipsoids." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5090.
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We present a practical algorithm for computing the minimum volume n-dimensional ellipsoid that must contain m given points al,...,am C Rn . This convex constrained problem arises in a variety of applied computational settings, particularly in data mining and robust statistics. Its structure makes it particularly amenable to solution by interior-point methods, and it has been the subject of much theoretical complexity analysis. Here we focus on computation. We present a combined interior-point and active-set method for solving this problem. Our computational results demonstrate that our method solves very large problem instances (m = 30, 000 and n = 30) to a high degree of accuracy in under 30 seconds on a personal computer.
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Leandro, Carolina Gonçalves. "Aplicação da análise do sinal do GPR na definição de ambientes costeiros." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173817.
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Na barreira regressiva da Pinheira, são reconhecidos quatro ambientes deposicionais costeiros, caracterizados por parâmetros geológicos como a análise de litofácies, estruturas sedimentares, grau de compactação e conteúdo de moluscos. Informações que são analisadas em conjunto com imagens de dados geofísicos obtidas com o método do Radar de Penetração no Solo (GPR – Ground Penetrating Radar) para determinar esses ambientes. O presente trabalho visa a caracterização destes ambientes deposicionais através da análise da amplitude do sinal em traços de antenas com frequências centrais de 80, 100, 200 e 400 MHz em conjunto com os dados de compactação e litológicos de um furo de sondagem. E também mostra o comportamento da atenuação do sinal em relação a umidade presente no ambiente. A análise dos traços permitiu a identificação dos contatos entre os ambientes já descritos para barreiras regressivas, mostrando variação no valor das amplitudes (decréscimo ou aumento) em conjunto com a variação no grau de compactação, que evidenciam em subsuperfície a mudança entre os ambientes de cordões litorâneos, backshore/foreshore e shoreface superior e inferior. A interferência da umidade na atenuação do sinal nos dados analisados pode ser observada apenas nos primeiros 0,5 m. Demonstrando que a pluviosidade não é um fator de relevância para atenuação do sinal em ambientes arenosos onde o nível da água é próximo a superfície. A análise dos radargramas para todas as antenas, permitiu a identificação dos padrões de refletores já descritos para os ambientes da área de estudo e a antena com frequência central de 200 MHz apresentou maior resolução para a definição de todos os ambientes.In the Pinheira regressive barrier, four coastal depositional environments are recognized, characterized by geological parameters such as lithofacies analysis, sedimentary structures, compaction degree and set of mollusks. Information that is analyzed together with images of geophysical data obtained with the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method to determine these environments. The present work aims to characterize these depositional environments by analyzing the signal amplitude in traces with central frequencies antennas of 80, 100, 200 and 400 MHz in conjunction with the compaction and lithological data of a drill hole. It also shows the behavior of signal attenuation in relation to the humidity present in the environment. The analysis of the traces allowed the identification of the contacts between the environments already described for regressive barriers, showing variation in the value of the amplitudes (decrease or increase), together with the variation in the degree of compaction, which evidences in subsurface the change between the environments of foredune ridges, backshore/foreshore and upper and lower shoreface. The interference of humidity in attenuation of the signal in the studied data can be observed only in the first 0.5 m. Rainfall was not relevant for signal attenuation in the studied sandy deposits with water level close to the surface. The analysis of the radargrams for all the antennas allowed the identification of the patterns of reflectors already described for the environments of the study area and the central frequency antenna of 200 MHz showed the highest resolution for the definition of all the environments.
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Gruber, Johannes. "Das E-Lastenrad als Alternative im städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr. Determinanten der Nutzung eines „neuen alten“ Fahrzeugkonzepts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22349.
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Elektrifizierte Lastenfahrräder werden als ein Lösungsansatz für die wachsenden Herausforderungen des städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehrs gesehen. Fokus dieser Arbeit ist eine Abschätzung des Einsatzpotenzials dieses Fahrzeugkonzepts unter Betrachtung von konzeptionellen, verkehrlichen und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten. Als kumulative Dissertation enthält sie fünf Fachartikel, gruppiert zu drei Forschungsbeiträgen.
Im ersten Forschungsbeitrag wird erörtert, wie erfolgversprechend das E-Lastenrad, eine Neuauflage des alten Konzepts Lastenfahrrad, in einem Markt mit ersten Anwendern (Kurierdienstleistung) ist. Die Auftragsstruktur im Stadtkuriergeschäft bietet ein substanzielles Marktpotenzial für E-Lastenräder, allerdings erschwert die Positionierung zwischen zwei etablierten Modi (Pkw und Fahrrad) den Markteintritt.
Der zweite Teil der Analyse weitet den Blick auf alle Branchen und bietet eine strukturierte Beschreibung der verschiedenartigen Einflussfaktoren (Treiber und Hemmnisse), die auf die Lastenradnutzung im städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr wirken. Als relevante Entscheidungskriterien konnten identifiziert werden: fahrzeugseitige Aspekte, Strukturen und Prozesse des adoptierenden Unternehmens, Einstellungen der Entscheider*innen, weiche Faktoren sowie regulative und räumliche Rahmenbedingungen.
Der dritte Beitrag thematisiert die operative Eignung des E-Lastenrads, indem seine Fahrtzeiten einem Pkw gegenübergestellt werden. Bei Strecken bis zu 3 km sind beide Modi nahezu gleich schnell. Die Hälfte aller Fahrten bis 20 km Distanz würde bei einem Wechsel vom Pkw zum Lastenrad höchstens 2–10 min länger dauern (ohne Berücksichtigung der Parksuchzeit). Bereits kleine Änderungen an den Verkehrsbedingungen könnten noch bestehende Vorteile des Pkw spürbar verringern.
Insgesamt erweitert die Arbeit maßgeblich das Wissen zu einem „neuen alten“ Fahrzeugkonzept, dem ein Potenzial zur Auflösung von bislang auf das Automobil hin ausgerichteten Systemen beigemessen wird.Shifting trips to electric cargo bikes is one possible solution to deal with the growing challenges of urban commercial transport. This thesis combines conceptual, transport-related, and economic aspects as a foundation to assess the feasibility of this vehicle concept for freight and service trips. It contains five scientific papers, which provide three research contributions. The first contribution identifies the potentials of electric cargo bikes among first users (i.e., courier logistics services). Electric cargo bikes are an updated and re-envisioned version of freight bicycles. The features of point-to-point courier logistics assignments offer a substantial market opportunity for electric cargo bikes. However, being positioned between two established modes (i.e., car and bicycle) handicaps the market entry of cargo bikes. For the second contribution, the scope was widened to include all business sectors. A structured description is presented of the various determinants (i.e., drivers and barriers) affecting commercial cargo bike use. Among these were vehicle-specific factors, structures and practices of the company, attitudes of decision-makers, soft factors, regulatory frameworks, and spatial conditions. The third contribution explores the travel time differences between electric cargo bikes and cars for commercial trips. For trip distances of up to 3 kilometers, the travel times of both modes largely overlap. Half of all trips up to 20 kilometers would take only a maximum of 2 to 10 minutes longer by electric cargo bike (excluding the additional time for finding a parking spot). Small modifications in traffic could have considerable effects in reducing the current travel time advantages of cars. Consequently, this dissertation contributes towards the state-of-research by expanding the scientific knowledge of a type of vehicle that has the potential to disrupt car-dependent transportation systems.
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Christoforou, Georges. "Conception de préamplificateurs intégrés pour fonctionnement à basse température et sous rayonnement intense." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10031.
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Le grand nombre de voies d'acquisition des signaux issus du calorimetre electromagnetique du detecteur atlas (machine lhc) pose un probleme de cablage et des solutions prevoyant le placement de la partie amont de la chaine electronique d'acquisition dans le meme milieu que l'element froid de detection ont ete envisagees. L'electronique amont doit donc etre resistante aux radiations (2 10#1#4n/cm#2, 0. 5mrad), fonctionner a la temperature de l'argon liquide (89k), avoir un faible niveau de bruit, une non-linearite inferieure a 1%, consommer peu et etre rapide (40mhz). Dans le cadre de ce projet nous avons explore les possibilites offertes par les differentes technologies. Nous avons retenu les technologies asga qui resistent aux radiations et fonctionnent jusqu'a des temperatures cryogeniques. Nous avons mis en evidence au moyen de caracterisations (a basse temperature) le fait que les technologies asga sont capables de fonctionner dans un tel environnement. Les amplificateurs concus presentent une amelioration de leurs performances quand ils fonctionnent a basse temperature (reduction du bruit, reduction de la puissance dissipee augmentation du gain) rencontrant les contraintes posees par la calorimetrie dans atlas, faible niveau de bruit, faible puissance dissipee, grande dynamique de sortie et bonne non-linearite integrale, mais ne sont pas encore capables d'assurer un niveau de fiabilite de fabrication suffisant. Nous abordons egalement le probleme de la simulation des mesfet a basse temperature. Les modeles manquant, nous avons employe pour la simulation des parametres spice extraits a la temperature de l'azote liquide. Finalement, nous avons approfondi la simulation du bruit des circuits analogiques et mis en evidence les problemes existant ainsi que les precautions a prendre afin de rendre la simulation spice du bruit plus fiable.