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Academic literature on the topic 'Darwinismi'

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Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Darwinismi"

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Gottschall, Jonathan. "Toward consilience, not literary Darwinism." Scientific Study of Literature 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.3.1.04got.

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All literary Darwinists take inspiration from E. O. Wilson’s concept of consilience--the idea that the disciplines are seamlessly interconnected, and that knowledge at higher levels of the explanatory hierarchy (e.g., biology and psychology) is constrained by knowledge at lower levels (e.g., chemistry and physics). For literary Darwinism’s founder, Joesph Carroll, committing to consilience means that literary investigation should always be tied back to the ultimate, evolutionary level of causation. In my own view, investigation in the humanities should be constrained, disciplined, and inspired by knowledge from the sciences, but I don’t think literary Darwinism is the only responsibly consilient approach to literary study.
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BILGILI, ALPER. "An Ottoman response to Darwinism: İsmail Fennî on Islam and evolution." British Journal for the History of Science 48, no. 4 (September 4, 2015): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087415000618.

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AbstractThe Scopes trial (1925) fuelled discussion in the United States on the social and political implications of Darwinism. For the defenders of the 1925 Tennessee law – which prohibited the teaching of Darwinism in schools – Darwinism was, amongst other things, responsible for the German militarism which eventually led to the First World War. This view was supported by İsmail Fennî, a late Ottoman intellectual, who authored a book immediately after the trial which aimed to debunk scientific materialism. In it, he claimed that Darwinism blurred the distinction between man and beast and thus destroyed the foundations of morality. However, despite his anti-Darwinist stance, İsmail Fennî argued against laws forbidding the teaching of Darwinism in schools, and emphasized that even false theories contributed to scientific improvement. Indeed, because of his belief in science he claimed that Muslims should not reject Darwinism if it were supported by future scientific evidence. If this turned out to be the case, then religious interpretations should be revised accordingly. This article contributes to the literature on early Muslim reactions to Darwinism by examining the views of İsmail Fennî, which were notably sophisticated when compared with those of the anti-religious Darwinist and anti-Darwinist religious camps that dominated late Ottoman intellectual life.
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Thornhill, Richard, and Michael Morris. "ANIMAL RIGHTS AND THEORIES OF ORIGINS: A PLEA FOR UNITY." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 7, no. 3 (2003): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853503322709164.

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AbstractA useful philosophical case against vivisection influential with the general public rests on the following three premises: (1) animals have interests as conscious beings; (2) it is unethical to cause pain and suffering to conscious beings for trivial reasons; and (3) animal models cannot be extrapolated to human beings, so vivisection is a trivial reason. Darwinian arguments have been used to back up each of the three premises above, and, furthermore it has been asserted by animal liberationists that those who do not hold to the evolutionary paradigm are more likely to support vivisection. Here, we present arguments that show why a belief in Darwinism (or in evolution generally) neither strengthens nor weakens the three anti-vivisectionist premises above. We also argue that there is no evidence to suggest that Darwinists are any less (or more) likely to support vivisection than those who hold views on biological origin that are further from the scientific mainstream. By leaving out arguments on origins, we hope that Darwinists, non-Darwinist evolutionists and creationists of all types can work together to make the world a better place for non-human animals.
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Verpooten, Jan. "Extending Literary Darwinism." Scientific Study of Literature 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.3.1.05ver.

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Literary Darwinism is an emerging interdisciplinary research field that seeks to explain literature and its oral antecedents (“literary behaviors”), from a Darwinian perspective. Considered the fact that an evolutionary approach to human behavior has proven insightful, this is a promising endeavor. However, Literary Darwinism as it is commonly practiced, I argue, suffers from some shortcomings. First, while literary Darwinists only weigh adaptation against by-product as competing explanations of literary behaviors, other alternatives, such as constraint and exaptation, should be considered as well. I attempt to demonstrate their relevance by evaluating the evidentiary criteria commonly employed by Literary Darwinists. Second, Literary Darwinists usually acknowledge the role of culture in human behavior and make references to Dual Inheritance theory (i.e., the body of empirical and theoretical work demonstrating that human behavior is the outcome of both genetic and cultural inheritance). However, they often do not fully appreciate the explanatory implications of dual inheritance. Literary Darwinism should be extended to include these recent refinements in our understanding of the evolution of human behavior.
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Attfield, Robin. "Reasons for Resisting Darwinism, and Why They Should Not Be Credited." Open Theology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0153.

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Abstract Plantinga argues that Darwinism implies that we cannot help adopting our apparently reflective beliefs, and that this is a reason for rejecting Darwinism. I argue that similar arguments apparently apply to the beliefs crucial to deliberation, meaningful work, meaningful relationships, meaningful communication and creativity. But these arguments apply to deterministic versions of Darwinism only. Cogent non-deterministic versions have been propounded by Popper, Rose, Lewontin, Ward and Miller (those of Ward and Miller being theistic versions). These versions are presented, as is Midgley’s account of how evolution has endowed us with a mix of desires that prepare the way for choice. Plantinga-type arguments pose no problem for such non-deterministic Darwinisms.
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Pigliucci, Massimo. "Biology's last paradigm shift. The transition from natural theology to Darwinism." PARADIGMI, no. 3 (December 2012): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2012-003004.

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Evolutionary theory went through several phases ever since the publication of the original Darwin-Wallace paper, including neo-Darwinism, the Modern Synthesis and, possibly, a currently ongoing Extended Synthesis. In this paper I tackle the question of whether evolutionary biology ever underwent anything like a Kuhn-style paradigm shift. I conclude that it did not, and is not likely to do so in the future, although a paradigmlike shift did occur early on, at the transition between natural theology and Darwinism. Parole chiave: Darwinismo, Paradigmi, Sintesi estesa, Sintesi moderna, Teologia naturale
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Hermawanto, Ariesani. "DARWINISME SOSIAL DAN KEAMANAN INTERNASIONAL: SEBUAH ANALISIS RINGKAS." Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan 23, no. 2 (June 27, 2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v23i2.5012.

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The development of socio-biology science brings changes to the security of humansocial life. The biological theory about evolution made discussion that was identified as Social Darwinism. This thought was based on assumptions that human life through natural selection and always in conflict by competition to fight for life, keep the existence, and also survival of the fittest. Social Darwinism in its history produced ideology like Fascism and has made tragedies in the eras of World Wars I and II. As a thought, Social Darwinism still continues today.The competition between countries in the new Millennium era, both in the arms race and economic competition, are reflection of Darwinist thougt.
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Mukhataev, Pavel Nicolaevich. "Interpretation of the concept «social Darwinism» in Western and Russian historiography of the late XIX - early XXI century." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164211.

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The article discusses various meanings of social Darwinism from the late XIX century, when the term began to be used by scientists, to the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries. The author explores the historiography of the question about the influence of Charles Darwins work Origin of species on the emergence and development of the social Darwinism ideology. The author also discusses the question of Herbert Spensers contribution to the formation and development of this concept and the social-Darwinian ideology in general. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the term social Darwinism usage in the Russian and English languages. Several periods of social Darwinism phenomenon research are distinguished: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and Russian. Each of them has a number of features that directly affect image and understanding of social Darwinism. The author considers the interpretation of social Darwinism concept in the context of large-scale political changes, scientific discoveries, cultural changes in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows an attempt to interpret the essence of such an ambivalent phenomenon in the history of social thought as social-Darwinist ideology through the research of the evolution of the scholars interpretation of social Darwinism.
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Cavadas, Bento. "«On the Origin of Species»: Didactic transposition to the curriculum and Portuguese science textbooks (1859-1959)." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.149.

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This research aimed to contribute to the history of the teaching of Darwinism in the Portuguese curriculum from 1859 to 1959. To this end, it was analysed the didactic transposition of the book On the Origin of Species for the standards and textbooks of Natural Sciences of secondary education. This study showed that some standards did not address Darwinism (Standards of 1856, 1872, 1880, 1886, 1926 and 1929), while others only prescribed the study of some subjects of Darwinism (Standards of 1889 and 1905). The standards of 1895 were the ones that addressed more Darwinists ideas in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the overall approach to Darwinism was related to the study of transformist ideas (Standards of 1919) or evolution (Standards of 1936 and 1954). However, even when the respective standards did not make that prescription, the major part of textbooks addressed the mechanisms of Darwinian evolution: adaptation, variability, growth correlations, heredity, natural selection, vital competition, geographic isolation and sexual selection.
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Ruse, Michael. "Bad arguments about Darwinism." Think 3, no. 8 (2004): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175600001007.

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In Think 7, philosopher Jenny Teichman accused the geneticist Professor Stephen Jones and other contemporary Darwinists of confusion and of overestimating Darwinism's explanatory power. Here, Micheal Ruse explains why he believes it is actually Teichman who is confused.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Darwinismi"

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Carula, Karoline. "Darwinismo, raça e gênero: conferências e cursos públicos no Rio de Janeiro (1870-1889)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-27092012-115018/.

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O presente trabalho pretende delimitar os contornos de um discurso científico/cientificista, presente de modo mais intenso no último quartel do Oitocentos, que fundamentou argumentos de projetos modernizadores da nação, quais sejam, a aplicação da teoria de Darwin à sociedade, a hierarquização racial da sociedade e a criação de uma boa mãe de família burguesa, nos moldes europeus. Estas três propostas modernizadoras foram apresentadas e discutidas nos seguintes espaços públicos de vulgarização científica as Conferências Populares da Glória, os cursos públicos do Museu Nacional e as que denominei Avulsas, pois não se encaixavam nas duas categorizações anteriores todos realizados na capital imperial entre os anos de 1870 e 1889.
The current paper intends to delimit the outlines of a scientific/scientificist speech, present in a more intense manner in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, which grounded arguments of the nations modernizing projects, which are, application of the Darwin theory to society, racial hierarchization of society and the creation of a good mother of a bourgeois family, in the European molds. These three modernizing proposals were presented and discussed in the following public spaces of scientific vulgarization the Popular Conferences of Glória, the public courses of the National Museum and the ones which I have named Miscellaneous, for they did not fit into the two prior characterizations all performed in the imperial capital between the years of 1870 and 1889.
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Lehtonen, Tor. "Neural Darwinism and Consciousness." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1105.

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Neural Darwinism (ND), also called the Theory of Neuronal Group Selection (TNGS) is a biological theory of brain development and function which is based on evolutionary and developmental principles. ND highlights the importance of selectionist processes underlying these principles. The aim of this literature review is to capture and summarize the essentials of both ND and its theoretical extensions, the Dynamic Core Hypothesis (TDCH) and Information Integration Theory, and reflect how ND as a theory accounts for a wide range of conscious phenomena such as general, informational and subjective conscious states. This is achieved by evaluating how 16 widely recognized properties of consciousness can be explained and accounted for with the theoretical framework of ND.

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Makins, Courtney. "Clothing Darwinism : Absent Bodies." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22029.

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Garments are everywhere in today’s society and often presented on the body, although the absence of the body in design can have an integral impact on how they are perceived by an audience. An experimental material coating, aided garments to become sculptural by portraying the essence of the body. This essay argues that garments are challenged through their perception and purpose by the absence of the body, allowing the sculptures to develop a language in their own right. Through means of forming methods, absence of the body and materiality, garments are able to evolve to communicate an idea challenging one’s preconceived garment notions and broadening the spectrum of situational presentational methods.
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Bohigas, i. Maynegre Jordi 1958. ""Per Déu i per la Ciència". L'Església i la ciència a la Catalunya de la Restauració (1874-1923)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81746.

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The author explores into the relationship between science and Church during a period of history in Catalonia in which the Church carried out a series of top level scientific measures, such as the school of geology of the Barcelona Seminar and the provincial geological map. At a time when science is used as a weapon to discredit the Catholic doctrine of religious belief in general, we've analyzed the response of Church through studying priest education and religious schools, its vision of science, speeches of scientific works carried out by priests, to conclude that the desire of conciliation with science and necessity of defending faith encouraged the updating of the ecclesiastical institution in some scientific disciplines. Later, the social prestige and authority given by science also helps to explain certain scientific “vocations", in particular, the strategy of Jesuits that gave as a result the scientific complex of Roquetes (Tortosa).
L'autor explora en les relacions ciència i Església en un període de la història de Catalunya en el qual l'Església dugué a terme tot un seguit d'accions científiques de primer nivell, com ara l'escola de geologia del Seminari barceloní i el mapa geològic provincial. En una època que la ciència és usada com a arma per desprestigiar la doctrina catòlica i les creences religioses en general, hem analitzat la resposta eclesiàstica a través de l'estudi de l'educació sacerdotal i dels col•legis religiosos, la visió de la ciència que en tenien, els discursos i obres científiques protagonitzades per eclesiàstics, per arribar a la conclusió que la voluntat de conciliació amb les ciències i la necessitat de defensar la fe estimularen la posada al dia de la institució eclesiàstica en algunes disciplines científiques. Més endavant, el prestigi social i l'autoritat que donava la ciència també ajuda a explicar determinades "vocacions" científiques i, en concret, l'estratègia de la Companyia de Jesús que donà com a resultat el complex científic de Roquetes (Tortosa).
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Couturier, Florian. "Les implications morales du darwinisme : une lecture de l'oeuvre de James Rachels." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENP002/document.

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L'éthique de J. Rachels, qu'il en viendra à présenter comme un utilitarisme « à stratégies multiples », concilie la maximisation du bien-être global sur Terre avec une attention pour la variété des éléments qui le composent. De plus, le jugement moral relève des caractéristiques pertinentes des individus impliqués, eu égard au traitement envisagé, et non des espèces auxquelles ils appartiennent. Un tel Individualisme Moral fait donc dépendre le bénéfice de considérations morales, non plus seulement de facultés mentales développées, mais d'une variété de capacités, telle la sensibilité, dont sont dotés de nombreux animaux. À travers cela, l'auteur s'oppose, plus fondamentalement, à la tendance en éthique à vouloir poser des limites a priori à l'ensemble des êtres susceptibles de bénéficier de considérations morales pour eux-mêmes (les patients moraux). Ces limites sont généralement rapprochées de capacités telles que la rationalité ou la sensibilité – tout ce qui existe au-delà de cette « frontière » présentant une valeur moindre ou étant réduit à l'état de chose. Pour Rachels, en revanche, le statut moral ne dépend pas d'une caractéristique unique à portée générale : nous devrions plutôt convenir qu'il existe une variété de critères pertinents pour une variété de circonstances. C'est dans le cadre de cette réflexion autour de la considérabilité morale des objets de la nature, outre ses travaux sur l'euthanasie, que l'auteur publie Created from Animals: the Moral Implications of Darwinism (1990). « Darwinisme » s'entend ici comme une pensée tant proche de celle de C. Darwin en son temps qu'informée des derniers progrès dans notre compréhension de l'évolution des espèces, où la sélection naturelle joue un rôle clef : une pensée du changeant, du progressif et de la contingence qui succède à un monde ordonné et finalisé, où l'homme a une valeur spéciale, et à la conception essentialiste des espèces. Il ne s'agit rien plus que de s'assurer, sur le modèle d'une cohérence globale de la connaissance (naturalisme inspiré de W.O. Quine), de la compatibilité de la réflexion philosophique avec notre compréhension la plus complète des origines du vivant. Or, avec Darwin, plutôt que des ruptures brutales entre espèces, se découvre un motif complexe de similitudes et de différences qui reflète une ascendance commune. Un tel continuisme biologique, s'il n'en établit la fausseté, vient saper les bases de la « logique de frontières » sur le plan éthique, c'est-à-dire de cette stratégie consistant à justifier des régimes de traitement entièrement différents pour des individus d'espèces distinctes en arguant d'une radicale différence de nature. Cet argument essentiel consolide donc la pensée animaliste, notamment l'argument des « cas marginaux ». Mais on voit à travers lui que l'éthique animale elle-même est susceptible d'entretenir un biais anthropocentriste : étendu aux êtres sensibles, le statut moral demeure attaché à une caractéristique unique, que l'homme valorise d'autant plus volontiers qu'il en fait l'expérience intime. Cette démarche extensionniste ne ferait donc jamais que recréer de nouveaux critères d'exclusion, dont on peut désormais soupçonner le caractère arbitraire. Pour P. Taylor ou H. Rolston, en effet, une attitude de respect envers la vie en général n'a rien d'absurde. On devrait pouvoir envisager ainsi, dans le prolongement de la pensée de Rachels, de ne pas resserrer la communauté morale autour de la seule faculté sensible ; de mettre un terme au mouvement d'expansion de la communauté morale constaté à travers les siècles, non pas par une nouvelle frontière, mais en envisageant la dissolution de toute frontière. Ne rien considérer de ce qui appartient à la biosphère seulement comme une ressource, et se disposer à entretenir envers tout existant un rapport respectueux en adéquation avec ses propriétés réelles, en tenant compte de l'ensemble des circonstances : ce serait là le principe d'une « éthique de toutes choses »
James Rachels' ethics, which he will finally present as a « multiple strategies utilitarianism », reconciles maximisation of global welfare on Earth and attention for the variety of elements which compose it. Furthermore, the moral judgement is related to the relevant characteristics of the individuals who are involved, in view of the considered treatment, not the species of which they belong. According to such Moral Individualism, the benefit of moral considerations will depend, not of developed mental faculties only, but of a variety of capacities, such as sensibility, which many animals have. Through this, the author opposes, more fundamentally, the tendency in ethics to define a priori limits to the beings which are likely to benefit from moral considerations for themselves (moral patients). These limits are generally associated with capacities such as rationality or sensibility – any existing being beyond this “frontier” having a lesser value or being reduced to a mere thing. For Rachels, however, moral status cannot depend on a unique characteristic with general scope: rather, it should be admitted that there is a variety of relevant criteria for a variety of circumstances. It is in the context of this reflection about the moral considerability of natural objects, besides his work on euthanasia, that the author publishes Created from Animals: the Moral Implications of Darwinism (1990). “Darwinism” shall be understood here both as a thought close to Darwin's in his days and informed of the last progresses in our understanding of species evolution, where natural selection plays a key role: ideas of changingness, gradualness and contingency are succeeding to an organized and finalized world where man has special value, and to the essentialist understanding of species. The point is nothing more than to ensure, on a global coherence of knowledge model (naturalism inspired by W.O. Quine), of the compatibility of the philosophical thinking with our most complete understanding of the origins of life. But now, after Darwin, rather than sharp breaks among species, we discover a complex pattern of resemblances as well as differences that reflect common ancestry. Such a biological continuism, if not proving its falsity, is undermining the basis of the “logic of frontiers” on the ethical field, that is to say, of this strategy which consists in justifying entirely different schemes of treatment for individuals belonging to distinct species by putting forward a radical difference in nature. This crucial argument makes stronger indeed the discourse in favour of animals, notably the argument from “marginal cases”. But we can see through this that animal ethics itself is likely to reproduce an anthropocentric bias: while extended to sentient beings, moral status remains associated with a unique characteristic that man is all the more likely to value since he experiences it intimately. This extensionnist approach, then, is nothing else than recreating new criteria of exclusion, which now we can suspect of being arbitrary. For P. Taylor or H. Rolston, indeed, a respectful attitude toward life in general is nothing like an absurdity. We should be able to consider then, in the wake of Rachels' thought, not to restrict the moral community to the sentient faculty only. And we should consider the possibility of putting an end to the expansion movement of the moral community observed throughout the centuries, not with another frontier, but in contemplating the dissolution of all frontiers. Do not consider anything of what belongs to the biosphere only as a resource, and be prepared to develop toward any being a respectful relationship in alignment with its real properties, taking into account the entirety of the circumstances: this would be the principle of an “everything ethics”
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Mameli, Gianmatteo. "Darwinism and non-genetic inheritance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407813.

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Bizzo, Nelio Marco Vincenzo. "Ensino de evolução e história do darwinismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48133/tde-16082013-145625/.

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Este estudo tem por objetívo trazer contribuições para os cursos de Biologia da escola secundária, focalizando o ensino de Evolução. As concepções dos estudantes foram estudadas e comparadas com alguns detalhes fundamentais do desenvolvimento das teorias originais de Charles Darwin, bem como com escritos de quatro estudiosos de sua obra, que se mostraram relevantes para os conteúdos escolares. Parte do trabalho de Emanuel Radl (1873-1942), John C. Greene, Robext Maxwell Young e Ernst Mayr foi apresentado criticamente. Alguns deles entendem que o darwinismo seja uma visão de mundo, outros o pensam como um grupo de teorias biológicas particulares. A presença do Homem no Orígin of Species foi discutida após pesquisas realizadas com os manusritos originais de Charles Darwin, particularmente com o capítulo 6 do \"Longo Manuscrito\". Foram apresentadas evidências que algumas razões inesperadas podem ter impedido que uma seção sobre o Homem fosse escrita no Orígin of Species. Foram apresentados livros escritos por Julian Huxley e Kettleweil, nos anos 60, e Richard Dawkins, mais recentemente, na tentativa de mostrar algumas fontes de influência sobre o entendimento que o grande público tem das teorias evolutivas. Onze estudantes de nível secundário foram entrevistados e 192 estudantes responderam a um questionário, de maneira a explicitar suas concepções após o ensino desse tópico. O livro didático utilizado nos seus cursos foi analisado, com o objetivo de verificar se suas concepções erróneas poderiam ter sido confirmadas quando estudavam esse tópico. As recomendações de 19 Secretarias de Educação foram também analisadas. Os resultados mostram pequeno entendimento das teorias biológicas. O significado da Evolução parece ser muito mais amplo do que seria de se esperar do ponto de vista do entendimento do darwinismo enquanto conjunto de teorias biológicas particulares. Evolução é entendida como estando ligada primordialmente ao Homem. Os alunos tendem a entender Evolução como progresso, crescimento, multiplicação e melhoramento. Evolução Biológica e Cultural parecem estar intimamente ligadas a uin mesmo amplo significado. Adaptação é vista como um processo individual, que ocorre durante o transcorrer da vida do organismo. Este estudo mostrou que existem algumas razões específicas para esses resultados, uma vez que o conhecimento aparece distorcido nas escolas. Uma versão simplista do desenvolvimento das teorias biológicas é apresentada aos estudantes, sem levar em consideração suas próprias concepções a esse respeito. Versões que não são mais aceitas no campo académico continuam a ser veiculadas por livros didáíicos, revistas de ampla circulação e livros destinados ao grande público. Foram apresentadas algumas evidências de que existem razões ideológicas para essas distorções, especialmente das relações entre os trabalhos de Darwin e Mendel Novas estratégias de ensino se mostram necessárias, bem como uma nova versão do desenvolvimento do darwinismo deveria ser oferecido aos alunos. Nesse sentido, as obras de August Weismann e Herman Muller deveriam ser consideradas na reconstrução do desenvolvimento das teorias biológicas entre 1837 e 1937.
This study aims at further improving quality to general high school Biology courses, focusing on the teaching of Evolution. Students\' conceptions were studied and compared with some critical details of the development of Charles Darwin\'s original theories, as well as with the writings of four Darwin Scholars, which are relevant to school contents. Part of the work of Emanuel Radl (1873-1942), John C. Greene, Robert Maxwell Young and Ernst Mayr was presented critically. Some of them regard darwinism as a world view others as a group of particular biological theories The presence of Man in Origin of Species was discussed, as the result of some pieces of research done with Charles Darwin\'s original papers, particularly with chapter 6 of the \"Long Manuscript\". Evidences were presented showing thaí some unpredictable reasons may have prevented the writing of a section on Man in Orígin of Species. Books written by Julian Huxley and Kettlewell, in mid 60Js, and by Richard Dawkins, more recently, were presented, trying to show some sources of influences on the public understanding of this topic. Eleven High School pupils were interviewed and 192 were tested, in order to show their conceptions after they had been taught the topic. The Biology textbook used in their courses was analyzed, in order to know whether their misconceptions could have been confirmed when studying the topic. The directions set by 19 Brazilian Educational Authorities were analyzed too. Results show a very poor understanding of the biological theories. The meaning QÍ Evolution seems to be far broader than what was expected, as far as darwinism, as a group of particular biological theories, is concerned. Evolution is seen as primarily related to Man. Pupils tend to understand Evolution as progress, growth, multiplication, and improvement. Biological and Cultural Evolution seem to be tied up with the same broad meaning. Adaptation is seen as an individual process, that occurs just during organisms life span. This study showed that there are some specific reasons for these results, as knowledge is distorted at schools. A very simplistic version of the development of the biological theories is presented to pupils, disregarding their own conceptions. Versions that are no longer accepted in academic grounds have been presented by textbooks, popular magazines and books aimed at the general public. Some evidence is given that there are ideological reasons for these distortions, particularly the relations between Darwin\'s and Mendels works. New teaching strategies are needed, as well as a new version of the development of darwinism should be offered to pupils. In this regard, August Weismann\'s and Herman Muller\'s work should be considered to reconstruct the development of biological theories between 1837 and 1937.
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Bergo, Antonio Carlos 1949-1998. "Darwinismo social e educação no Brasil." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253766.

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Orientador : Hermas Gonçalves Arana
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A tese propõe expor as idáis européias que influenciaram o pensamento brasileiro e que conexão tiveram com a realidade que corresponde ao século XIX no Brasil. AS idéias européias de que falo são as desenvolvidas pelo darwinismo e como foi feito dele na própria Europa. A 1º parte trata das influências econômicas que tiveram influências em Darwin, Spencer e seus seguidores; e o que depois se convencionou chamar de "darwinismo social". É importante a presença de Spencer por ser um dos fundadores da sociologia como ciência e por ter organizado uma cosmovisão do estágio do capitalismo no século XIX. A 2 º parte trata das influências deles na realidade brasileira e nos seguidores como Tobias Barreto, Silvio Romero e Clóvis Bevilácqua. Foram estes que pensam em um novo modelo nas idéias do evolucionismo e na adequação do Brasil às novas mudanças mundiais. A parte trata especificamente da obra pedagógica de Spencer resultado de sua cosmovisão geral. É a proposta e sintese de toda a nova educação liberal que chegam para superar a tradição obsoleta ao novo momento da história. Conclui pela influência na educação brasileira, no curriculo das escolas e no pensamento de Silvio Romero sobre a educação
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Doutor em Educação
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Alvarado, de Piérola Carlos Alberto. "El Darwinismo como programa de investigación." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3105.

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Hoy en día no es difícil encontrar asentimiento a la afirmación que sostiene que Charles Darwin fue un gigante del pensamiento, que protagonizó una de las más importantes revoluciones científicas. Su obra no sólo ensancho los horizontes de la ciencia, sino que fue mucho más allá: transformó nuestra visión del mundo y, al mismo tiempo, de nosotros mismos y del lugar que ocupamos en el universo. En este punto, los historiadores y los filósofos de la ciencia están seguramente de acuerdo. Sin embargo, cuando se trata de reconstruir el proceso de gestación de su teoría evolucionista en el contexto de lo que se ha llamado la “reconstrucción racional” de la ciencia, empiezan las discrepancias.
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Luz, Manuel Ramon Souza. "Por uma concepção darwiniana de economia evolucionaria : abordagens, pioneiras, conflitos teoricos e propostas ontologicas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285669.

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Orientador: Paulo Sergio Fracalanza
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta dissertação procura apresentar uma abordagem evolucionária para as ciências econômicas, seguindo os princípios darwinianos, - como uma alternativa factível e consistente à visão essencialista do pensamento neoclássico. A partir de uma perspectiva fundada na história das idéias evolucionárias, este trabalho procura compreender como os desenvolvimentos destas idéias influenciaram o debate econômico em determinados períodos. Denominados período de fundação, especificação e disseminação, procura-se evidenciar as repercussões desses três importantes momentos da história do pensamento evolucionário sobre o desenvolvimento das idéias econômicas. Assim, o trabalho centra seus esforços, num primeiro momento, em verificar a influência da concepção evolucionária de Charles Darwin sobre a perspectiva institucionalista de Thorstein Veblen; num segundo momento, o trabalho acompanha como os desenvolvimentos da biologia evolucionária de meados do século XX, repercutiram sobre as idéias geradas a partir de debates específicos dentro da controvérsia marginalista; e, finalmente, num terceiro momento pretende-se avaliar a recente proposta de generalização dos princípios darwinianos para a economia, seguindo a perspectiva evolucionária do trabalho de Geoffrey Hodgson.
Abstract: This dissertation presents an evolutionary approach to economics, following the darwinian principles, - as a consistent and feasible alternative to the essentialist stand point of neoclassical economics. Departing from a specific perspective founded on the history of evolutionary thought, this dissertation seeks to understand how the developments of these ideas affected the economic debate in certain moments. Named as period of foundation, specification and dissemination, this work tries to highlight how the impact of these three crucial moments in the history of evolutionary thought affected the history of economic ideas. Therefore, this dissertation concentrate its efforts, firstly, to verify the influence of Charles Darwin's evolutionary conception on Thorstein Veblen institutionalist perspective; after that, this work seeks to understand how the developments in evolutionary biology from the mid-twentieth century affected some ideas generated within the marginalist controversy; and, finally, a third instance aims to evaluate the recent proposal for the generalization of Darwinian principles to the economy, following the evolutionary perspective of Geoffrey Hodgson work.
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Books on the topic "Darwinismi"

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Rosenberg, Alexander. Darwinism in philosophy, social science, and policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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Sandra, Casellato, and Minelli Alessandro, eds. Giovanni Canestrini: Zoologist and darwinist. Venezia: Istituto veneto di scienze lettere ed arti, 2001.

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1970-, Jones Jeannette Eileen, and Sharp Patrick B. 1967-, eds. Darwin in Atlantic cultures: Evolutionary visions of race, gender, and sexuality. New York: Routledge, 2009.

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Kreutzer, Ralf T., and Karl-Heinz Land. Digital Darwinism. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54401-9.

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Tilman, Leo M. Financial Darwinism. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.

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Manaus, Brazil) Encontro Internacional de Historiadores da Teoria de Darwin (2004. Darwinismo, meio ambiente, sociedade: Darwinismo, medio ambiente, sociedad. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]: Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, 2009.

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Pannekoek, Anton. Darwinisme et marxisme. [Paris]: Arkhê, 2011.

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Becquemont, Daniel. Darwin, darwinisme, évolutionnisme. Paris: Kimé, 1992.

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Dohet, Julien. Le darwinisme volé. Liège: Territoire de la mémoire, 2010.

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Patrick, Tort, and Congrès international "Darwinisme et société" (1991 : Paris, France), eds. Darwinisme et société. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Darwinismi"

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Mathieson, Stuart. "Darwin, Darwinism, and the Darwinists." In Evangelicals and the Philosophy of Science, 63–81. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003014263-4.

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Solymosi, Tibor. "Darwinism." In Handbuch Pragmatismus, 231–36. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04557-7_31.

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Goldstein, Adam M. "Darwinism." In A Companion to the History of American Science, 306–19. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072218.ch24.

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Cumming, Jeffrey M., Bradley J. Sinclair, Charles A. Triplehorn, Yousif Aldryhim, Eduardo Galante, Ma Angeles Marcos-Garcia, Malcolm Edmunds, et al. "Darwinism." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1154–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_832.

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Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Rosaura, and Ricardo Noguera-Solano. "Darwinism." In Historiographies of Science, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48616-7_4-1.

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Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Rosaura, and Ricardo Noguera-Solano. "Darwinism." In Historiographies of Science, 157–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74723-7_4.

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Kreutzer, Ralf T., and Karl-Heinz Land. "Why the Digital Revolution Is Challenging You and Why You Have to Act Now." In Digital Darwinism, 1–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54401-9_1.

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Kreutzer, Ralf T., and Karl-Heinz Land. "Digital Darwinism and the Social Revolution: What Basic Needs of Man Represent the Fuel of the Revolution on the Part of the Customer?" In Digital Darwinism, 41–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54401-9_2.

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Kreutzer, Ralf T., and Karl-Heinz Land. "Big Data and Technology: Drivers of the Information Revolution on the Part of the Companies and Accelerators of the Era of Cooperation." In Digital Darwinism, 77–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54401-9_3.

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Kreutzer, Ralf T., and Karl-Heinz Land. "How the Social Revolution Is to Be Managed." In Digital Darwinism, 99–128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54401-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Darwinismi"

1

Korvink, Jan G., and Zhenyu Liu. "Darwinism for MEMS." In 2007 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2007.4420908.

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Campbell, John, Paul M. Goggans, and Chun-Yong Chan. "Bayesian Methods and Universal Darwinism." In BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: The 29th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3275642.

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Cochran, Dave. "Darwinised data-oriented parsing." In the EACL 2009 Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1572461.1572469.

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Ciampini, Mario Arnolfo, Giorgia Pinna, Mauro Paternostro, and Paolo Mataloni. "Experimental Quantum Darwinism simulator using photonic cluster states." In Quantum Information and Measurement. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qim.2019.s2d.6.

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Langrish, John Z. "The Design Methods Movement From Optimism to Darwinism." In Design Research Society Conference 2016. Design Research Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2016.222.

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T. Kreutzer, Prof Dr Ralf. "Digital Darwinism and the Need for a Digital Transformation." In Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1970_bizstrategy14.17.

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Popescu-Belis, Andrei. "An adaptive multi-agent system based on “neural Darwinism”." In the first international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/267658.267778.

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"MULTILEVEL DARWINIST BRAIN IN ROBOTS - Initial Implementation." In First International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001140700250032.

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Карпин, Владимир Александрович, and Ольга Ивановна Шувалова. "DARWINISM AS THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF BUILDING THEORIES OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION." In Перспективные направления теории и практики развития научных исследований: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Вологда, Март 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58351/230314.2023.73.97.004.

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Проблема биологической эволюции не возникла из ничего. Она волновала человечество еще на заре цивилизации. Главным препятствием постоянно был креационизм, и это препятствие с переменным успехом продолжается вплоть до настоящего времени. Попытки теоретического построения эволюционной биологии были и до Ч. Дарвина, и он в своем главном труде также упоминает об этом. Но он впервые предпринял попытку поднять биологическую эволюцию до уровня теории, положив в ее основу наследственность, изменчивость и механизм естественного отбора. The problem of biological evolution did not arise out of nothing. It has worried humanity since the dawn of civilization. The main obstacle has always been creationism, and this obstacle continues with varying success up to the present time. There were attempts at theoretical construction of evolutionary biology before Ch. Darwin, and he also mentions this in his main work. But for the first time he made an attempt to raise biological evolution to the level of theory, basing it on heredity, variability and the mechanism of natural selection.
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Карпин, Владимир Александрович, and Ольга Ивановна Шувалова. "WHO IS RIGHT - DARWIN OR LAMARCK? THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM THEORIES OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION." In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ "Нацразвитие" (Санкт-Петербург, Август 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/aug304.2022.64.23.007.

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Единой теории биологической эволюции, которой бы придерживались все ученые-биологи, не существует до настоящего времени. Догмат синтетической теории эволюции не в состоянии разрешить многие назревшие проблемы. Поиски нового, третьего синтеза продолжаются до сих пор. В статье предлагается подход, основанный на поиске возможностей объединения альтернативных концепций ламаркизма и дарвинизма. There is no unified theory of biological evolution that all biologists would adhere to to this day. The dogma of the synthetic theory of evolution is not able to solve many urgent problems. The search for a new, third synthesis continues to this day. The article proposes an approach based on the search for ways to combine alternative concepts of Lamarckism and Darwinism.
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Reports on the topic "Darwinismi"

1

Touil, Akram. Quantum Darwinism: the Origin of Objective Classical Reality. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1880456.

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Zurek, Wojciech H. Quantum Darwinism, Decoherence, and the Randomness of Quantum Jumps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1133748.

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Zurek, Wojciech H. Quantum Theory of the Classical: Einselection, Envariance, and Quantum Darwinism. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1073733.

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Zwolak, Michael P., Jess Riedel, and Wojciech H. Zurek. Quantum Darwinism: Amplification and the Acquisition of Information by Spin Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1136936.

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