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Journal articles on the topic 'Darwinian'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Mukhataev, Pavel Nicolaevich. "Interpretation of the concept «social Darwinism» in Western and Russian historiography of the late XIX - early XXI century." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164211.

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The article discusses various meanings of social Darwinism from the late XIX century, when the term began to be used by scientists, to the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries. The author explores the historiography of the question about the influence of Charles Darwins work Origin of species on the emergence and development of the social Darwinism ideology. The author also discusses the question of Herbert Spensers contribution to the formation and development of this concept and the social-Darwinian ideology in general. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the term social Darwinism usage in the Russian and English languages. Several periods of social Darwinism phenomenon research are distinguished: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and Russian. Each of them has a number of features that directly affect image and understanding of social Darwinism. The author considers the interpretation of social Darwinism concept in the context of large-scale political changes, scientific discoveries, cultural changes in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows an attempt to interpret the essence of such an ambivalent phenomenon in the history of social thought as social-Darwinist ideology through the research of the evolution of the scholars interpretation of social Darwinism.

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2

Weindling, Paul. "Dissecting German Social Darwinism: Historicizing the Biology of the Organic State." Science in Context 11, no. 3-4 (1998): 619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700003252.

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The ArgumentRecognizing that social Darwinism is an intrinsically varied and composite concept, this essay advocates an approach delineating the various intellectual constituents and sociopolitical contexts. It is argued that German social Darwinism has often had a sophisticated biological content, and that the prevalent notion of the state as a biological organism has drawn on non-Darwinian biological theories. Different social interests and programs, institutional structures, and professional interests have also to be taken into account. Alternative interpretations stressing Nazi vulgarizations of biology have serious historical flaws. The paper considers the position of the historian Richard J. Evans, who has rejected interpretations of social Darwinism as scientific and medical discourse. While Evans stresses social Darwinism as public rhetoric, I suggest that social-Darwinist ideas have provided rationales for welfare policies and have had institutional, professional, and ideological implications. What occurred in crucial sectors of the emergent German “welfare state” was a shift from the legally trained administrators to specialists in such areas as public health and social work, who frequently looked to biology to legitimate policy.

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3

Gould, Stephen J. "The Darwinian body." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 195, no. 1-3 (February 14, 1995): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/195/1995/267.

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4

Stove, David. "So You Think You Are a Darwinian?" Philosophy 69, no. 269 (July 1994): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100047033.

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Most educated people nowadays, I believe, think of themselves as Darwinians. If they do, however, it can only be from ignorance: from not knowing enough about what Darwinism says. For Darwinism says many things, especially about our species, which are too obviously false to be believed by any educated person; or at least by an educated person who retains any capacity at all for critical thought on the subject of Darwinism.

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5

Crippen, Timothy. "Neo-Darwinian Approaches in the Social Sciences: Unwarranted Concerns and Misconceptions." Sociological Perspectives 37, no. 3 (September 1994): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389503.

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Sociologists have been unusually reluctant to incorporate into their explanatory systems the theoretical insights of evolutionary biology, behavioral ecology, and population genetics. This skepticism toward genuinely evolutionary approaches is expressed, to varying degrees, in the reactions of Freese and Maryanski to my essay on neo-Darwinian sociology. In this brief response to their comments, I suggest that these general reservations are grounded in an unnecessary fear of resurgent Social Darwinism, unwarranted concerns regarding determinism and reductionism, unjustified allegations of teleology and tautology, and/or general misconceptions of the logic and principles of neo-Darwinian theory.

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6

Davis, Dick. "Darwinian." Hopkins Review 11, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/thr.2018.0008.

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7

Paksi, Dániel. "Kuhn's Darwinism – from a darwinian point of view." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 15, no. 1 (2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.so.2007-1.04.

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8

Sauer, Norman J. "How “Darwinian” was the Darwinian revolution?" Reviews in Anthropology 14, no. 3 (June 1987): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1987.9977826.

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9

Berger, Martin. "The First Darwinian Left: Socialism and Darwinism, 1859–1914." History: Reviews of New Books 32, no. 2 (January 2004): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2004.10528602.

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10

Sullivan, Gregory. "Tricks of Transference: Oka Asajirō (1868–1944) on Laissez-faire Capitalism." Science in Context 23, no. 3 (July 30, 2010): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889710000128.

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ArgumentContrary to common portrayals of social Darwinism as a transference of laissez-faire values, the widely read evolutionism of Japan's foremost Darwinist of the early twentieth-century, Oka Asajirō (1868–1944), reflects a statist outlook that regards capitalism as the beginning of the nation's degeneration. The evolutionary theory of orthogenesis that Oka employed in his 1910 essay, “The Future of Humankind,” links him to a pre-Darwinian idealist tradition that depicted the state as an organism that develops through life-cycle stages. For Oka, laissez-faire capitalism marked the moment when the state began to decline toward extinction due to the orthogenetic overdevelopment of hitherto subordinate individual egos. Because conservative bureaucrat-intellectuals had been drawing upon this same organicist-developmental tradition since the 1880s in an attempt to forestall the social ills of industrialism, Oka's call for statist measures, including eugenics, to lessen and delay the atomizing, enervating, and corrupting influence of capitalism articulated the political vision of officialdom. Statist evolutionism, not social Darwinism, might be the term that best describes Oka's approach.

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11

Chamberlain, Lesley. "Heidegger as a Post-Darwinian Philosopher." Philosophy 88, no. 3 (May 20, 2013): 387–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819113000351.

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AbstractHeidegger responded to Darwin's displacement of the Created Universe by seeking value in a new materiality. His 1936 lecture The Origin of the Work of Art spelt out the need to get away from an Aristotelian concept of matter perpetuated by Aquinas and frame an approach more appropriate to a post-Darwinian age. The argument is not that Heidegger was a Darwinist or an evolutionist. It is that he responded to what Dewey called ‘the greatest dissolvent in contemporary thought of old questions’.

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12

Moyle, Tristan. "Darwinian days." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 38 (2007): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20073873.

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13

Doolittle, Russell. "Darwinian heresies." Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci24869.

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14

Greenspan, Ralph. "Darwinian Uncertainty." KronoScope 3, no. 2 (2003): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852403322849251.

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AbstractReductionistic explanations in biology generally assume that biological mechanisms are highly deterministic. A contrasting view has emerged recently that takes into account the degeneracy of biological processes- the ability to arrive at a given endpoint by a variety of available paths- and pays particular attention to the role of history and contingency in biology.

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15

Shennan, Stephen. "Darwinian Archaeology." Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 8 (November 15, 1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pia.115.

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16

Bolles, Edmund Blair. "Darwinian Dynamics." BioScience 60, no. 2 (February 2010): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.2.16.

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17

Gowdy, John. "Darwinian Economics." BioScience 63, no. 10 (October 2013): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.10.10.

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18

McCrone, John. "Darwinian medicine." Lancet Neurology 2, no. 8 (August 2003): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00494-0.

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19

Demetrius, Lloyd, and Martin Ziehe. "Darwinian fitness." Theoretical Population Biology 72, no. 3 (November 2007): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2007.05.004.

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20

Wenegrat, Brant. "Darwinian Psychiatry." Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 187, no. 12 (December 1999): 762–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199912000-00012.

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21

Boone, James L. "Darwinian archaeologies." Evolution and Human Behavior 18, no. 6 (November 1997): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-5138(97)00087-1.

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22

Dietrich, A. "Darwinian creativity." International Journal of Psychophysiology 69, no. 3 (September 2008): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.467.

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23

Bowler, Peter J. "Darwinian Evolution." American Anthropologist 100, no. 3 (September 1998): 806–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.806.

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24

Zahn, L. M. "Darwinian Genomics." Science 339, no. 6123 (February 28, 2013): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.339.6123.1012-a.

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25

Wick, Georg. "Darwinian Gerontology." Gerontology 61, no. 2 (November 14, 2014): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000368030.

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26

Wilson, Catherine. "Darwinian Morality." Evolution: Education and Outreach 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2009): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12052-009-0162-z.

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27

Wittman, Donald. "Darwinian depression." Journal of Affective Disorders 168 (October 2014): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.052.

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28

Greif, Hajo. "Darwinian Dialectics." Science & Education 29, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-020-00106-w.

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29

Kuntz, Irwin D. "Darwinian Docking." Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design 26, no. 1 (December 6, 2011): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10822-011-9503-4.

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30

Roberston, David, and Jennifer Robinson. "Darwinian Daisyworld." Journal of Theoretical Biology 195, no. 1 (November 1998): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0799.

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31

Oramus, Dominika. "Darwinowskie paradygmaty. Kultura popularna w poszukiwaniu teorii wszystkiego." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, no. 2-3 (May 10, 2011): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.2-3.12.

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The article attempts to prove that Darwinism in popular culture plays a role of a theory of everything. Bestselling authors of popular science such as Edward O. Wilson, Richard Dawkins and Bill Bryson have acquainted general public with the theory of evolution, and its newest facet — the Modern Synthesis. Darwinian paradigms, as defined by Thomas Kuhn, are also used in popular books on cosmology, sociobiology, psychology, and religious studies. Moreover, the Darwinian grand narrative of evolutional history shapes the way in which contemporary mass culture presents the history of our planet in numerous educational TV series. Last but not least, Charles Darwin himself has recently become a popular icon and the story of his life is remade in a growing number of fiction and non-fiction books and movies.

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32

Brooks, Daniel R. "The Mastodon in the room: how Darwinian is neo-Darwinism?" Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 42, no. 1 (March 2011): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.11.003.

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33

Wang, Hurng-Yi, Yuxin Chen, Ding Tong, Shaoping Ling, Zheng Hu, Yong Tao, Xuemei Lu, and Chung-I. Wu. "Is the evolution in tumors Darwinian or non-Darwinian?" National Science Review 5, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx076.

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34

Dickins, Thomas E., and Benjamin J. A. Dickins. "Designed calibration: Naturally selected flexibility, not non-genetic inheritance." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 4 (August 2007): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07002269.

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AbstractJablonka & Lamb (J&L) have presented a number of different possible mechanisms for finessing design. The extra-genetic nature of these mechanisms has led them to challenge orthodox neo-Darwinian views. However, these mechanisms are for calibration and have been designed by natural selection. As such, they add detail to our knowledge, but neo-Darwinism is sufficiently resourced to account for them.

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35

Bender, Bert. "Sex and Evolution in Willa Cather'sO Pioneers!andThe Song of the Lark." Prospects 25 (October 2000): 565–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000764.

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Studies of Willa Cather refer to Charles Darwin so rarely that one might conclude she hardly knew of him. But at least one recent interpreter has begun to discuss the Darwinian shadow in her work, describing the “Darwinist cartography” in her novelThe Professor's House(1925) and noting the “striking parallels between Cather's mapping of America and that undertaken by her near contemporary, Thorstein Veblen.”

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36

Hesketh, Ian. "The First Darwinian: Alfred Russel Wallace and the Meaning of Darwinism." Journal of Victorian Culture 25, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcz042.

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Abstract This essay is an initial study of a larger project that seeks to produce a history of the term ‘Darwinism’. While it is generally well-known that Darwinism could refer to a variety of different things in the Victorian period, from a general evolutionary naturalism to the particular theory of natural selection, very little has been written about the history of the term or how it was contested at given times and places. Building on James Moore’s 1991 sketch of the history of Darwinism in the 1860s, this paper specifically seeks to situate Alfred Russel Wallace’s 1889 book Darwinism in the context of a larger struggle over Darwin’s legacy in the 1880s. It is argued that Wallace used his authority as one of the founders of evolution by natural selection to reimagine what he called ‘pure Darwinism’ as a teleological evolutionism, one that integrated the theory of natural selection with an interpretation of spirit phenomena thereby producing a more agreeable and holistic account of life than was previously associated with Darwinian evolution. By considering the reception of Wallace’s Darwinism in the periodical press it will be argued further that Wallace’s interpretation of Darwinism was generally well received, which suggests that our understanding of what Darwinism meant in the late Victorian period needs to be revisited.

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37

NOVOA, ADRIANA. "The Dilemmas of Male Consumption in Nineteenth-Century Argentina: Fashion, Consumerism, and Darwinism in Domingo Sarmiento and Juan B. Alberdi." Journal of Latin American Studies 39, no. 4 (November 2007): 771–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x07003227.

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AbstractThis article explores how the relationship between luxury, consumption and gender in Argentina changed in response to the introduction of Darwinian ideas. Ideas surrounding consumerism were transformed by the 1870s, influenced by a scientific revolution that gave new meaning to gender categories. The introduction of Darwinism at a time of extreme ideological confusion about how to organise the nation only enhanced the perceived dangers about how economic changes and the expansion of markets would affect elites' ability to govern. The article focuses specifically on changing perceptions of gender and consumerism between 1830 and 1880, paying particular attention to the work of two of the most important intellectuals of the Generación del '37, Juan B. Alberdi and Domingo F. Sarmiento. By closely examining their reflections on the expansion of markets and accumulation of luxury goods, it reveals the nature of the cultural changes introduced by the Darwinian revolution.

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38

Goodenough, Ursula. "Darwinian Natural Right." Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical 28, no. 3 (2001): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/traddisc2001/200228342.

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39

Ginnobili, Santiago. "Darwinian functional biology." THEORIA 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.22645.

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One of the most important things that the Darwinian revolution affects is the previous teleological thinking. In particular, the attribution of functions to various entities of the natural world with explanatory pretensions. In this change, his theory of natural selection played an important role. We all agree on that, but the diversity and heterogeneity of the answers that try to explain what Darwin did exactly with functional biology are overwhelming.In this paper I will try to show how Darwin modified previous functional biology. For pre-Darwinian naturalists did not hesitate to attribute functions in which, for example, the traits of one species were in the service of other species.I will try to show that this has consequences on the discussion regarding the nature of functional language. I will try to show that the main approaches, the systemic and the etiological, do not adequately account for these changes and therefore do not account for the way functional biology regulates the kind of legitimate functions.I will outline a possible new solution to this problem: appropriate functional attributions in Darwinian functional biology could be regulated by a theory or a set of laws that provide the criteria for determining its fundamental concepts.

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40

Weiß, Helmut. "Darwinian language evolution." Biological Evolution 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00026.wei.

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Abstract Haider’s target paper presents a fresh and inspiring look at the nature of grammar change. The overall impression of his approach is very convincing, especially his insistence on the point that language was not selected for communication – hence it is no adaptation to communicative use. Nevertheless, I think three topics are in need of further discussion and elaboration. First, I will discuss the question whether Haider’s conception of Darwinian selection covers all aspects of grammar change. Second, I will consider the question of whether an approach that dispenses with UG (as Haider’s does) can explain why grammars are the way they are. Third, I will question Haider’s equation of grammar with the genotype and of speech with the phenotype and develop an alternative and more appropriate proposal where, among others, speech corresponds to behavior.

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41

Solinas, Marco. "Foucault’s Darwinian Genealogy." Genealogy 1, no. 2 (May 23, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy1020009.

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42

Kuhle, Wolfgang. "Darwinian adverse selection1." Algorithmic Finance 5, no. 1-2 (June 17, 2016): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/af-160056.

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43

Ruse, Michael. "Darwinian Natural Right." International Studies in Philosophy 35, no. 4 (2003): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil200335417.

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44

Baruchello, Giorgio. "A Darwinian Left." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 76, no. 2 (2002): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq200276246.

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45

Ellis, George. "A Darwinian Universe?" Nature 387, no. 6634 (June 1997): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/42644.

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46

Brown, Andrew Leigh. "Positively darwinian molecules?" Nature 326, no. 6108 (March 1987): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/326012b0.

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47

Smith, J. Graham. "DARWINIAN (EVOLUTIONARY) MEDICINE." Southern Medical Journal 89, no. 10 (October 1996): 1028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199610000-00023.

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48

Sweet, Rod. "Darwinian side-steps." Construction Research and Innovation 2, no. 4 (December 2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20450249.2011.11873814.

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49

Epstein, Robert. "You are Darwinian." Scientific American Mind 25, no. 3 (April 10, 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0514-72a.

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50

Nanay, Bence. "Popper's Darwinian Analogy." Perspectives on Science 19, no. 3 (September 2011): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00043.

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