Journal articles: 'Darling Range'

1

Anand, RR, and RJ Gilkes. "Muscovite in Darling Range bauxitic laterite." Soil Research 25, no. 4 (1987): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870445.

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Darling Range bauxitic laterite contains 0-17% silt size, Na-rich, 2M1 muscovite which is most abundant in laterite developed from granitic parent rocks. Muscovite grains show evidence of dissolution, but there has been no formation of dioctahedral vermiculite. Muscovite is clearly a much more resistant mineral than the feldspar, biotite and chlorite in the parent materials that have completely altered to secondary minerals. Muscovite is therefore a significant constituent of Darling Range bauxitic laterite and consequently poses problems in bauxite processing.

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2

Middleton, Mike F. "Radiogenic heat generation in the Darling Range, Western Australia." Exploration Geophysics 44, no. 3 (September 2013): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg13028.

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3

Faulks, Leanne K., Dean M. Gilligan, and Luciano B. Beheregaray. "Phylogeography of a threatened freshwater fish (Mogurnda adspersa) in eastern Australia: conservation implications." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 1 (2008): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07167.

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Phylogeography is a field that has the potential to provide an integrative approach to the conservation of threatened species. The southern purple spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa, is a small freshwater fish that was once common and widely distributed throughout south-eastern Australia. However, habitat alteration has dramatically reduced the size and the range of Murray–Darling Basin populations, which are now classified as endangered. Here patterns of genetic structure and evolutionary history of M. adspersa in southern Queensland and the Murray–Darling Basin are elucidated using three regions of the mitochondrial DNA, the ATPase 6 and 8 and the control region. Murray–Darling Basin populations are characterised by lineages with highly localised endemism, very low genetic diversity and restricted gene flow. Phylogenetic reconstructions show that Murray–Darling Basin populations comprise a monophyletic clade that possibly originated by range expansion from the coast around 1.6 million years ago. It is proposed that the divergent Murray–Darling Basin clade is of high conservation priority and requires separate management. The present study further exemplifies the role of drainage rearrangement in driving evolutionary diversification in Australian freshwater fishes, an historical process with profound implications for conservation management.

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4

Anand, R. R., R. J. Gilkes, and G. I. D. Roach. "Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of bauxites, Darling Range, Western Australia." Applied Geochemistry 6, no. 3 (January 1991): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(91)90001-6.

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5

Bell, R. W., N. J. Schofield, I. C. Loh, and M. A. Bari. "Groundwater response to reforestation in the Darling Range of Western Australia." Journal of Hydrology 119, no. 1-4 (November 1990): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90042-v.

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Bell, R. W., N. J. Schofield, I. C. Loh, and M. A. Bari. "Groundwater response to reforestation in the Darling Range of Western Australia." Journal of Hydrology 115, no. 1-4 (July 1990): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90211-f.

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7

Anand, RR, and RJ Gilkes. "The association of maghemite and corundum in Darling Range laterites, Western Australia." Soil Research 25, no. 3 (1987): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870303.

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Maghemite in Darling Range lateritic duricrust ranges from 2 to 10% in abundance, contains less than 5 mole % Al and occurs as aggregates of very small ~ 150 A subrounded platy crystals. Corundum is also present, ranging from 1 to 3.5% in abundance, and it contains less than 3 mole % Fe and occurs as rounded (~250 A) crystals. The maghemite and corundum contents are positively correlated (P < 0.01), which may indicate a common origin due to dehydroxylation of Fe and Al oxyhydroxides in bush fires.

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8

Anand, R. R., and M. Verrall. "Biological origin of minerals in pisoliths in the Darling Range of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 7 (October 2011): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2011.597562.

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9

Pidgeon, R. T., and T. J. F. Cook. "1214 +- 5 Ma dyke from the Darling Range, southwestern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 5 (October 2003): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0952.2003.01024.x.

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10

Horvàth, Lajos, and Qi-Man Shao. "Darling-Erdős-type theorems for sums of Gaussian variables with long-range dependence." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 63, no. 1 (October 1996): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4149(96)00053-1.

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11

Goss, K. "Report Card - Murray-Darling Basin - 2001." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0388.

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Ongoing deterioration of the riverine environments of the Murray-Darling Basin led the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council to introduce a Cap in 1995 to halt the growth in diversions of water for consumptive use. This initiative recognised the finite nature of water resources in the Basin and sought to introduce a balance between off-stream use of water and protection of the riverine environment. But the cap is only one step, albeit a fundamental one, in restoring the Basin's rivers - it is a “stake in the ground”. Parties to the Murray-Darling Basin Initiative recognise the need to reverse decades of creeping decline if the Basin's rivers and riverine environments are to return to a more ecologically sustainable condition. In the last 12 months, Council and Commission have taken far-reaching decisions designed to restore the Basin's Rivers. Many of these decisions, even 10 years ago, would have been unimaginable. The Report Card will explain the need for a number of recent decisions that will impact on the future of the Basin's rivers. For example, Council's decision to establish an Environmental Manager function in the Office of the Commission was made in the context of the recently agreed Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) Policy, and supporting Sustainable Rivers Audit. The role of targets and accountabilities under the ICM Policy will also be discussed. The Report Card will also present a snapshot of the state of the Basin's rivers and the actions being taken at a range of scales and locations in response to identified problems. Because some of the key initiatives are still in development, this Report Card will set the scene by describing where our attention is being focused and why.

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12

Unmack, P. J., M. J. Young, B. Gruber, D. White, A. Kilian, X. Zhang, and A. Georges. "Phylogeography and species delimitation of Cherax destructor (Decapoda: Parastacidae) using genome-wide SNPs." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 6 (2019): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18347.

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Cherax is a genus of 58 species of decapod crustaceans that are widespread across Australia and New Guinea. We use single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine phylogeographic patterns in the most widespread species of Cherax, namely, C. destructor, and test the distinctiveness of one undescribed species, two C. destructor subspecies, previously proposed evolutionarily significant units, and management units. Both the phylogenetic analyses and the analysis of fixed allelic differences between populations support the current species-level taxonomy of C. setosus, C. depressus, C. dispar and C. destructor, the distinctiveness of C. destructor albidus and C. d. destructor and the existence of one undescribed species. The two populations of C. d. albidus from the Glenelg and Wimmera rivers were significantly distinct, with eight diagnostic differences (<1% fixed differences, null expectation is four fixed differences), but this low level of divergence is interpreted as within the range that might be expected of management units, that is, among allopatric populations of a single species or subspecies. A southern clade of C. d. destructor comprising the Murray River and its tributaries upstream from its confluence with the Darling River is genetically distinct from a northern clade comprising populations from the Lake Eyre Basin, the northern half of the Murray–Darling Basin (Darling River catchment) and the Lower Murray River below the Darling confluence.

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13

Musyl, MK, and CP Keenan. "Population genetics and zoogeography of Australian freshwater golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson 1845) (Teleostei: Percichthyidae), and electrophoretic identification of a new species from the Lake Eyre basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 6 (1992): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921585.

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Populations of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) were sampled from both sides of the Great Dividing Range (GDR): from the Murray-Darling drainage basin (Murray R., L. Keepit and Condamine R.), the L. Eyre internal drainage basin (Barcoo R. and Diamantina R.), and the internal drainage basin of the Bulloo R.-all to the west of the GDR-and from the Fitzroy drainage basin (Dawson R. and Nogoa R.) east of the GDR. Starch-gel and polyacrylamide electrophoresis of 12 enzyme systems plus two general muscle proteins was used to estimate the genetic variation within and between populations. Of the 18 presumed genetic loci examined, nine were either polymorphic at the P0.99 criterion level or exhibited fixed allelic differences between some of the populations. Within the Murray-Darling drainage basin, there was little indication of heterogeneity. Contingency Χ2 analyses of allelic distributions among drainage basins indicated significant levels of heterogeneity at six variable loci. The isolated L. Eyre population exhibited diagnostic alleles at four loci when compared with the Murray- Darling and Fitzroy populations. The genetic distance of the L. Eyre population (Nei's D=0.23) from these two populations indicates that the L. Eyre golden perch is most probably a previously unrecognized allopatric species. The level of divergence (0 = 0.06) between Fitzroy and Murray-Darling golden perch indicates differentiation at the subspecies level, with no fixed differences observed between these two populations. Finally, golden perch from the Bulloo R. represent either (i) an intermediate evolutionary unit between the presumed ancestral L. Eyre population and the derived Murray-Darling and Fitzroy populations or (ii) a complex hybrid between these populations. Average gene-flow statistics, FST = 0.760 and Nem=0.08, suggest that the populations in each of the four basins can be regarded as separate gene pools that have been isolated for different, and considerable, periods of time.

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14

Watts, RJ, AW Storey, DR Hebbert, and DHD Edward. "Genetic and morphological differences between populations of the western minnow, Galaxias occidentalis, from two river systems in south-western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 4 (1995): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950769.

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Allozyme electrophoresis was used to examine patterns of genetic differentiation in the western minnow, Galaxias occidentalis, from the North Dandalup and Canning Rivers in south-westem Australia. Two distinct genetic forms of this species were identified in these rivers and both forms occur sympatrically in samples from two sites. A significant deficit of heterozygotes and a non-random association of alleles among loci was observed in these two samples. The distribution of one of the genetic forms extended from the headwater streams in the Darling Range to the transition zone between the ranges and the Swan Coastal Plain. With the exception of one population, the distribution of the other form extended from the transition zone to the Swan Coastal Plain. The exception was a population that was caught from a site in the ranges but grouped with the populations from the coastal plain. Discriminant analyses of meristic and morphological data were undertaken to determine if morphological differences exist between the two identified genetic groups. All individuals were correctly classified by the analyses of samples from each catchment separately and of the two sympatric populations separately. However, the discriminant analysis of individuals from all sites correctly classified only 85.7% of the Darling Range genetic group and 79.4% of the Swan Coastal Plain genetic group. Further research is required to clarify the taxonomic status of these two genetic forms of G. occidentalis.

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15

Kew, G. A., and R. J. Gilkes. "Properties of regolith beneath lateritic bauxite in the Darling Range of south Western Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06128.

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A morphological key has been developed for regolith that is exposed during mining of lateritic bauxite in the Darling Range of south Western Australia. The key distinguishes materials with different mineralogical and chemical properties. Iron oxide cemented (Zh) regolith has a gibbsitic matrix, quartz-rich (Zm) regolith has a gibbsite and kaolin matrix, and clay-rich (Zp) regolith has a kaolin matrix. An Si affinity element map (Si, Hf, Th) and a K affinity element group (K, Ba, Rb) are associated with granitic quartz-rich regolith and an Al/Fe element affinity group (Al, Fe, Ti, P, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ga, Cr, V) is associated with clay and iron rich regolith. Doleritic regolith is generally associated with the Al/Fe affinity group. Although granite and granitic regolith exhibit similar element affinity groups, the abundance of elements within each is highly variable, which reflects the diversity in composition of granite within the region. The degree of euhedral character of clay-size platy crystals (kaolinite/gibbsite) does not differ for materials distinguished by the key, as both quartz-rich (Zm) and clay-rich (Zp) regolith and both granitic and doleritic saprolite contain subhedral kaolin crystals. The crystal size of platy kaolin (approximately 0.5 µm) is similar for different mine pits and for different regolith materials (Zm and Zp) within mine pits. There is a difference in halloysite tube length (0.52–1.18 µm) between mine pits, which may be related to the presence of weathered mica or to the alteration of halloysite in gibbsite-rich regolith. The internal and external diameters of halloysite tubes (about 0.11 and 0.24 µm) are similar for different mine pits and different regolith types within mine pits. The resin used during thin section preparation contains chlorine, so that determination of chlorine by EMPA provides a measure of the porosity of regolith material. A systematic negative relationship exists between chlorine concentration and total oxide weight % of porous regolith matrix determined by EMPA; both measurements provide an indication of the porosity of the clay matrix in regolith.

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16

Nemchin, A. A., and R. T. Pidgeon. "Evolution of the Darling Range Batholith, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: a SHRIMP Zircon Study." Journal of Petrology 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 625–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.5.625.

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17

Lee, Sang-Hyuk, Jong-Won Lee, Moon-Kyung Kim, and Hee-Mun Park. "An Analysis on the Effectiveness of Nitrogen Oxide Reduction from Applying Titanium Dioxide on Urban Roads Using a Statistical Method." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080972.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations using the statistical method of the Anderson-Darling test. To compare and analyze this effect, a spray-type form of TiO2 was applied to the asphalt pavement surface on urban roads. Data acquisition for NOx concentration was collected from a test section with TiO2 applied and a reference section without TiO2 applied. The probabilities of occurrence of the NOx concentration in the test and reference section were estimated and compared using the Anderson-Darling test. In sum, most of the NOx concentrations were probabilistically lower in the test section. The average probability of the NOx concentration in the test section in the ‘low’ range was 46.2% higher than in the reference section. In the ‘high’ and ‘moderate’ ranges, the average probability of the NOx concentration compared to that of the reference section was lower by 28.1% and 18.8%, respectively. These results revealed that the photochemical reaction from the TiO2 material applied on asphalt pavement was effective in reducing NOx.

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18

Ellway, C., G. Murphy, L. Merton, D. Baumgartner, and A. Hempseed. "Opportunities for sustainable riverine management in the Queensland Murray-Darling Basin." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0396.

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The RiverReach program has provided significant material, planning and educational resources to communities throughout the QMDB over the last three years. The devolved granting process has proven to be a valuable mechanism for the initiation of on-ground works and as a platform for the delivery of educational and awareness raising activities. The range of riverine management projects developed among riparian communities reflects both the socio-economic and the environmental circumstances. An increasing knowledge of riverine management issues among both the community and practitioners and a growing acceptance of the need for riverine management within the community has increased opportunities for sustainable riverine management in the region. While the range of riverine management issues is diverse, and their integration complex, the combination of all three aspects (financial assistance, technical advice, and awareness raising) has enabled significant management outcomes to be achieved.

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19

Singh, Balbir, and R. J. Gilkes. "The natural occurrence of x-alumina in lateritic pisolites." Clay Minerals 30, no. 1 (March 1995): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1995.030.1.04.

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AbstractPisolites in the bauxitic laterites of Darling Range, Western Australia may contain up to 50% AI2O3, although no major Al-containing phases can be identified using standard X-ray diffraction techniques. These pisolites have been investigated using a range of techniques, and it has been demonstrated that Al is present in the form of x-alumina, a poorly crystalline form of A12O3. The x-alumina exhibits an indurating morphology and appears to have formed from a hydrated precursor.

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20

Brett, D. M., and T. R. Osborne. "Chemical grouting of dam foundations in residual laterite soils of the Darling range, Western Australia." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 22, no. 6 (December 1985): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(85)90136-6.

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21

Gehrke, Peter C., and John H. Harris. "Large-scale patterns in species richness and composition of temperate riverine fish communities, south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99061.

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Riverine fish in New South Wales were studied to examine longitudinal trends in species richness and to identify fish communities on a large spatial scale. Five replicate rivers of four types (montane, slopes, regulated lowland and unregulated lowland) were selected from North Coast, South Coast, Murray and Darling regions. Fishwere sampled during summer and winter in two consecutive years with standardized gear that maximized the range of species caught. The composition of fish communities varied among regions and river types, with little temporal variation. Distinct regional communities converged in montane reaches and diverged downstream. The fish fauna can be classified into North Coast, South Coast, Murray and Darling communities, with a distinct montane community at high elevations irrespective of the drainage division. Species richness increased downstream in both North Coast and South Coast regions by both replacement and the addition of new species. In contrast, species richness in the Darling and Murray regions reached a maximum in the slopes reaches and then declined, reflecting a loss of species in lowland reaches. The small number of species is typical of the freshwater fish faunas of similar climatic regions world-wide. Fish communities identified in this study form logical entities for fisheries management consistent with the ecosystem-focused, catchment-based approach to river management and water reform being adopted in Australia.

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22

PIDGEON, R. T., T. BRANDER, and H. J. LIPPOLT. "Late Miocene (U+Th)-4He ages of ferruginous nodules from lateritic duricrust, Darling Range, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 6 (December 2004): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1400-0952.2004.01094.x.

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23

Kew, G. A., R. J. Gilkes, and C. I. Mathison. "Nature and origins of granitic regolith in bauxite mine floors in the Darling Range, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 4 (June 2008): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090801888602.

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24

Hamilton, Serena H., Carmel A. Pollino, and Keith F. Walker. "Regionalisation of freshwater fish assemblages in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 4 (2017): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15359.

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Regionalisations based on species assemblages are a useful framework for characterising ecological communities and revealing patterns in the environment. In the present study, multivariate analyses are used to discern large-scale patterns in fish assemblages in the Murray–Darling Basin, based on information from the Murray–Darling Basin Authority’s first Sustainable Rivers Audit (SRA), conducted in 2004–2007. The Basin is classified into nine regions with similar historical fish assemblages (i.e. without major human intervention), using data that combine expert opinion, museum collections and historical records. These regions are (1) Darling Basin Plains, (2) Northern Uplands, (3) Murray Basin Plains, (4) Northern Alps, (5) Central East, (6) Avoca Lowland, (7) Southern Slopes, (8) Southern Alps and (9) South-Western Slopes. Associations between assemblages and physical variables (catchment area, elevation, hydrology, precipitation, temperature) are identified and used to reinforce the definitions of regions. Sustainable Rivers Audit data are compared with the historical assemblages, highlighting species whose range and abundance have changed since the early 19th century. Notable changes include declines in native species such as silver perch, river blackfish, mountain galaxias, Macquarie perch, trout cod and freshwater catfish, and the advent of alien species including common carp, eastern gambusia, goldfish, redfin perch, brown trout and rainbow trout. Less significant declines are evident for native carp gudgeons, golden perch, two-spined blackfish, bony herring and flathead gudgeon. Changes are evident even in regions where habitats have been little disturbed in the past 200 years.

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25

Wedderburn, S. D., and T. C. Barnes. "Piscivory by alien redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) begins earlier than anticipated in two contrasting habitats of Lake Alexandrina, South Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo15083.

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Redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) introduced to the Southern Hemisphere has contributed to the decline or localised extirpations of native fishes, principally due to predation. It has been widely recorded in the Murray–Darling Basin, south-eastern Australia, since the 1920s but the ecological consequences are largely undetermined. The purpose of this study was to examine the diet of juvenile redfin perch in Lake Alexandrina to assess its potential impacts on native biota in two distinct habitats (channel and lake). We proposed that the broad dietary composition of juvenile redfin perch matches that of its natural range (small decapods and insects). Most juvenile redfin perch with prey items in their guts, however, had consumed native fish. There was variability in the diet of redfin perch between the channel and lake where gudgeons and gobies, respectively, were targeted. Unexpectedly, otolith ageing revealed that the redfin perch were larger and shifted to piscivory at a much younger age compared with populations in its native range. Among other ecological issues, the findings are pertinent to threatened small-bodied fish populations in the Murray–Darling Basin. More broadly, they suggest that a generalist feeding behaviour can lead to the early onset of piscivory in alien fish populations.

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26

Smiles, D. E. "Sodium and potassium in soils of the Murray - Darling Basin: a note." Soil Research 44, no. 7 (2006): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06057.

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There is, on average, more water-soluble and exchangeable potassium than sodium across a range of soils in the Murray–Darling Basin. Because water-soluble sodium and potassium are roughly equivalent in terms of their effects on soil structural stability, this implies that, for these soils, potassium is probably as important as is sodium. Neglect of potassium and simple appeal to the sodium adsorption ratio and solution concentration to infer structural stability will thus be misleading.

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McLeod, SR, RB Hacker, and JP Druhan. "Managing the commercial harvest of kangaroos in the Murray-Darling Basin." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 1 (2004): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04009.

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In this study a new, physiologically structured model of kangaroo population dynamics is described. The model has been used to examine a wide range of harvest rate � sex ratio combinations, following a simple harvest strategy where the quota was proportional to population size. The combinations of harvest rate and sex ratio in the harvest that best suited the objectives of the stakeholder groups (non-Government conservationists, wildlife management agencies, the kangaroo industry and pastoralists) were identified using multicriteria decision analysis. The best combinations for the stakeholder groups non-Government conservationists, wildlife management agencies and the kangaroo industry were characterised by a strong male bias (90 ? 100% male) and low to moderate harvest rates (10 ? 40% per annum). The best solutions for pastoralists were female biased (at least 70% females) with high harvest rates (90% per annum).

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Su, Yan, and Xia Ying Su. "A Comparative Study of EDF Tests for Normality and Exponentiality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2004.

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In this paper, the modified EDF test procedures for testing the normal and exponential distributions with unknown parameters are suggested. The Monte Carlo algorithms are given to approximate the critical values of the EDF test statistics for a wide range of sample sizes. The power simulations show that the Anderson-Darling (AD) test is on the whole better than other EDF tests considered, in particular when the alternative departs from the true distribution in the tails.

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Grigg, Andrew Haden, and Joe Kinal. "On the contribution of groundwater to streamflow in laterite catchments of the Darling Range, south‐western Australia." Hydrological Processes 34, no. 25 (October 12, 2020): 5070–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13928.

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30

Connell, Daniel. "Arguing the Case to Include a Wider Range of Stakeholders in the Murray–Darling Basin Policy Process." Water Economics and Policy 03, no. 03 (December 29, 2016): 1650040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x16500405.

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Implementation of water reform in the Murray–Darling Basin has stalled. The principles remain in legislation, but government priorities are increasingly focused on irrigation-based agriculture rather than the comprehensive range of stakeholders with a legitimate interest in decisions about the future of the MDB. The negotiations required to gain parliamentary approval of the MDB Basin Plan in 2012 resulted in extensive concessions. Some have seriously damaged its integrity as a reform package. Within this now fragmented policy framework, the utility of important individual components has been eroded. These include acceptance of the need for a comprehensive analytical framework able to take full account of costs and benefits, the precautionary principle, the beneficiary pays principle, consistent policies for assigning public benefit from public investment, the importance of a comprehensive whole-of-catchment framework for managing social and biophysical processes and the understanding that serious water reform requires change in the cultural values related to the water-human relationship. As a result of these compromises, the capacity of the Basin Plan framework to manage future climate change challenges and development pressures is in doubt. Can this trend be reversed? The paper argues for a revitalization of the public policy process to bring in a wider range of stakeholders and expose decision making to more rigorous assessment. To help achieve this goal, control over a substantial proportion of the environmental water entitlements acquired by the national government should be devolved to elected regional bodies (who would have to work within auditing guidelines). This would stimulate community involvement by providing a substantial activity that would make engagement worthwhile.

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Etchells, Teri, Hector M. Malano, and Thomas A. McMahon. "Overcoming third party effects from water trading in the Murray–Darling Basin." Water Policy 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0005.

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Water markets have great potential to increase the efficiency of water use. However, the very process of transferring a water entitlement can result in third party effects. Specifically, there are three types of impact that can affect the entitlements of third party irrigators: volumetric reliability, delivery reliability and water quality effects. In each case, policy makers must decide whether they will try to prevent the impacts and whether they will force traders to internalise third party effects. Potential strategies range from non-interventionist options, such as restricting trade, to market interventions, such as exchange rates, which adjust traded entitlements to account for volumetric externalities.

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Lester, Rebecca E., Ian T. Webster, Peter G. Fairweather, and William J. Young. "Linking water-resource models to ecosystem-response models to guide water-resource planning - an example from the Murray - Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 3 (2011): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09298.

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Objectively assessing ecological benefits of competing watering strategies is difficult. We present a framework of coupled models to compare scenarios, using the Coorong, the estuary for the Murray–Darling River system in South Australia, as a case study. The framework links outputs from recent modelling of the effects of climate change on water availability across the Murray–Darling Basin to a hydrodynamic model for the Coorong, and then an ecosystem-response model. The approach has significant advantages, including the following: (1) evaluating management actions is straightforward because of relatively tight coupling between impacts on hydrology and ecology; (2) scenarios of 111 years reveal the impacts of realistic climatic and flow variability on Coorong ecology; and (3) ecological impact is represented in the model by a series of ecosystem states, integrating across many organisms, not just iconic species. We applied the approach to four flow scenarios, comparing conditions without development, current water-use levels, and two predicted future climate scenarios. Simulation produced a range of hydrodynamic conditions and consequent distributions of ecosystem states, allowing managers to compare scenarios. This approach could be used with many climates and/or management actions for optimisation of flow delivery to environmental assets.

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Hughes, Andrew O., and Ian P. Prosser. "Gully erosion prediction across a large region: Murray - Darling Basin, Australia." Soil Research 50, no. 4 (2012): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12025.

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Gully erosion is a significant process for delivering sediment to streams, and can be the dominant erosion process in some regions. As with other forms of erosion, we need methods to predict the extent and patterns of gully erosion across large areas. Such methods also improve our understanding of the environmental controls on gully erosion. Here, patterns of gully density are predicted across the 1 × 106 km2 Murray–Darling Basin in Australia, using aerial photograph mapping of gullies across part of the Basin and a multivariate statistical model of a range of environmental factors. Across the Basin, at a 10-km grid resolution, gully density is predicted to vary from 0 to 1.2 km km–2, with 22% of the Basin having a gully density >0.1 km km–2 and 3% a density >0.5 km km–2. The model is reasonably successful at predicting the variations in mapped gully density compared with similar attempts to predict erosion processes at this scale. Hillslope gradient and mean annual rainfall are the most important single factors across the region. The predicted mean gully density across the Basin is 0.08 km km–2 and gullies contribute up to 27 × 106 t year–1 of sediment to the river network. This is more than the amount that has been estimated from the combined contribution of hillslope (14 × 106 t year–1) and riverbank (8.6 × 106 t year–1) erosion by other studies within the Basin.

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Wedderburn, S. D., C. M. Bice, and T. C. Barnes. "Prey selection and diet overlap of native golden perch and alien redfin perch under contrasting hydrological conditions." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 5 (2014): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14018.

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Many freshwater fishes have been introduced outside their natural range. The consequences have included the decline or extinction of native fishes, principally due to competition and predation. Redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a highly efficient predatory fish species that was introduced to Australia in the 1800s. It now has a broad distribution in the Murray–Darling Basin, but its impacts on native fishes are largely unstudied. It often cohabits with native golden perch (Macquaria ambigua ambigua), which is similar from a trophic ecomorphology perspective. We examine prey selection and diet overlap of adult redfin perch and golden perch under contrasting hydrological conditions in terminating lakes of the Murray–Darling Basin. Prey selection by both species varied substantially between drought and flood conditions. Diet overlap of redfin perch and golden perch was significant only during flood, and was apparently related to pelagic prey availability. There were dietary differences during drought that imply that resource partitioning occurred between the perches, possibly because competitive interactions were intensified. Conversely, the promotion of pelagic prey fishes during flooding apparently facilitated resource sharing. The findings suggest that redfin perch can directly compete with native piscivores for prey. The potential impacts on native piscivores and small-bodied fish populations warrant further experimental and field investigations.

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Pittock, Jamie. "Are we there yet? The Murray-Darling Basin and sustainable water management." Thesis Eleven 150, no. 1 (February 2019): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618821970.

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In 2007, then Australian Prime Minister Howard said of the Murray-Darling Basin’s rivers that action was required to end the ‘The tyranny of incrementalism and the lowest common denominator’ governance to prevent ‘economic and environmental decline’. This paper explores the management of these rivers as an epicentre for three key debates for the future of Australia. Information on biodiversity, analyses of the socio-ecological system, and climate change projections are presented to illustrate the disjunction between trends in environmental health and the institutions established to manage the Basin sustainably. Three key debates are considered: (1) conflict over the allocation of water between irrigated agriculture versus a range of other ecosystem services as the latest manifestation of the debate between adherents of the pioneering myth versus advocates of limits to growth in Australia; (2) cyclical crises as a driver of reactive policy reform and the prospects of the 2008 Water Act forming the basis of proactive, adaptive management of emerging threats and opportunities; and (3) subsidiarity in governance of the environment and natural resources in the Australian federation. Implementation of the 2012 Basin Plan as promised by the Federal Government ‘in full and on time’ is a key sustainability test for Australia. Despite Australian claims of exceptionalism, the Murray-Darling Basin experience mirrors the challenges faced in managing rivers sustainably and across governance scales in federations around the world.

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Khalifa, Mohamed Kh, and Kingsley J. Mills. "Seismic sequence stratigraphy and facies architecture of the Scropes Range Formation in the Blantyre Sub-basin, Darling Basin, NSW." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2010, no. 1 (December 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/22020586.2010.12041829.

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Cole, Theresa L., Michael P. Hammer, Peter J. Unmack, Peter R. Teske, Chris J. Brauer, Mark Adams, and Luciano B. Beheregaray. "Range-wide fragmentation in a threatened fish associated with post-European settlement modification in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Conservation Genetics 17, no. 6 (July 20, 2016): 1377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0868-8.

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38

Oliver, RL. "Optical properties, of waters in the Murray-Darling Basin, South-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 5 (1990): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900581.

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Apparent and inherent optical properties were determined for a range of water types in the Murray- Darling basin by using a combination of field and laboratory techniques. The absorption coefficient was calculated directly from in situ irradiance measurements of photosynthetically active radiation, whereas the scattering coefficient was determined from the irradiance measurements in conjunction with published nomograms relating the apparent and inherent optical properties. The validity of the nomograms for use in these waters was confirmed by comparing values of the average cosine calculated directly from in situ measurements with those estimated from the nomograms. These were closely correlated except for sites with chlorophyll concentrations greater than 200 mg m-3. The scattering coefficients estimated from the nomograms were approximately numerically equal to the turbidity in nephelometric turbidity units, but the variability of the relationship made it unsuitable for checking the validity of the nomograms. The relative role of dissolved and particulate components in the absorption and scattering of irradiance was examined by using spectrophotometry and linear regression of inherent optical properties on concentrations of the components. Estimates of specific absorption and scattering coefficients for algae, non-chlorophyllous suspended particles, and dissolved yellow colour were comparable to similar coefficients reported in the literature. The relative importance of these components to absorption and scattering varied considerably between sites and demonstrated the need for information on inherent optical properties in understanding the factors causing changes in optical water quality.

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Colloff, Matthew J., Peter Caley, Neil Saintilan, Carmel A. Pollino, and Neville D. Crossman. "Long-term ecological trends of flow-dependent ecosystems in a major regulated river basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14067.

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The case for restoring water to the environment in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, is based mainly on condition assessments, although time series provide valuable information on trends. We assessed trends of 301 ecological time series (mean 23 years, range 1905–2013) in two categories: (1) ‘population’ (abundance, biomass, extent) and (2) ‘non-population’ (condition, occurrence, composition). We analysed trends using log-linear regression, accounting for observation error only, and a state–space model that accounts for observation error and environmental ‘noise’. Of the log-linear series (n=239), 50 (22%) showed statistically significant decline, but 180 (78%) showed no trend. For state–space series (n=197) one increased, but others were stable. Distribution of median exponential rates of increase (r) indicated a small but statistically significant declining trend, though 35–39% of the series were positive. Our analysis only partly supports, though does not refute, prevailing assumptions of recent ecological decline in the Murray–Darling Basin. The pattern is of fluctuating stability, with declines during droughts and recovery after flood. The overall trend from our meta-analysis is consistent with a pattern of historical decline to a hybrid ecosystem followed by slow, recent decline for some components and stability for others, with considerable variation in trends of specific ecological components: in short, there are ecological ‘winners’ and ‘losers’.

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Peake, A. S., M. J. Robertson, and R. J. Bidstrup. "Optimising maize plant population and irrigation strategies on the Darling Downs using the APSIM crop simulation model." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (2008): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06108.

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Optimum plant population and irrigation strategies for maize grown in the Dalby district of the Darling Downs in Queensland, Australia, were investigated using the APSIM crop simulation model. After testing the model against three seasons of experimental data, simulation experiments using different irrigation strategies were conducted across a range of plant populations ranging from 20 000 to 80 000 plants/ha, on two soil types with plant available water capacities (PAWC) of 146 mm and 220 mm. All soil type × plant population × irrigation strategy scenarios were simulated using the historical climate record for Dalby from 1889 to 2004, in order to obtain long-term average yield and gross margins (LGM) for each scenario. Soil water was reset to two-thirds of PAWC at sowing in each year. Plant populations required to achieve maximum LGMs ranged from 50 000 to 80 000 plants/ha across the range of scenarios, and were higher than currently recommended by district agronomists for partially irrigated maize. The use of higher plant populations increased season-to-season variability in grain yield and gross margins and may not be a suitable strategy for growers who do not want to increase their risk of crop failure. Partially irrigated maize achieved substantially higher gross margins in years where a positive Southern Oscillation Index phase was recorded in August, and the use of higher plant populations in such years also increased long-term profitability, but also increased the risk of crop failure. Economic gains were achieved by varying the timing and amount of irrigation within a limited available irrigation volume, with a single 100 mm irrigation giving greater LGMs than two 50 mm irrigation events on both soil types, when the irrigation events were scheduled to fill a soil water deficit equal to the effective irrigation volume. However, under full irrigation the use of smaller irrigation volumes increased LGMs on the 146 mm PAWC soil, demonstrating the importance of timely irrigation scheduling on low PAWC soils.

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Taylor, Andrew R., Sébastien Lamontagne, and Russell S. Crosbie. "Measurements of riverbed hydraulic conductivity in a semi-arid lowland river system (Murray–Darling Basin, Australia)." Soil Research 51, no. 5 (2013): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13090.

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Riverbed hydraulic conductivity (Kr) was measured along one river reach in four tributaries of the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) in south-eastern Australia. Two techniques were trialled: in-river falling-head tests in high Kr sediments, and laboratory evaporation tests on intact riverbed cores for low Kr sediments. In-river falling-head tests were conducted using two types of permeameter: a steel-base permeameter or a stand-pipe permeameter. Kr was found to range from 10–10 to 10–3 m s–1, corresponding to a range in riverbed sediment textures from clay to silty gravels, respectively. Although the within-reach variability in Kr was also large, in general the river reaches could be divided in two groups, those with a low Kr (<10–8 m s–1) or a high Kr (>10–5 m s–1). The low Kr reach (Billabong Creek) was a clay-lined bed, whereas the others had silty sand or silty gravel beds. Thus, regional-scale assessments of Kr in the MDB could be made using a stratified sampling process in which reaches would be first classified into low or high Kr classes, and then Kr measurements made in a subsample of low and high Kr reaches. This would be an improvement over the current practice whereby riverbed Kr is estimated either from regional soil maps or through the calibration of groundwater models.

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42

Ellis, Iain, Nick Whiterod, Danielle Linklater, Deborah Bogenhuber, Paul Brown, and Dean Gilligan. "Spangled perch (Leiopotherapon unicolor) in the southern Murray-Darling Basin: Flood dispersal and short-term persistence outside its core range." Austral Ecology 40, no. 5 (February 6, 2015): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12226.

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43

Yusiharni, E., and R. J. Gilkes. "Changes in the mineralogy and chemistry of a lateritic soil due to a bushfire at Wundowie, Darling Range, Western Australia." Geoderma 191 (December 2012): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.030.

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44

Cunningham, Shaun C., Jennifer Read, Patrick J. Baker, and Ralph Mac Nally. "Quantitative assessment of stand condition and its relationship to physiological stress in stands of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 7 (2007): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07031.

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River regulation has led to a decline in the condition of Australia’s dominant riverine tree species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., in the Murray–Darling Basin. A quantitative method of assessing the condition of these important riparian forests is required for effective monitoring and management. A range of stand structural, morphological and physiological variables was measured in stands of contrasting condition along the Murray River in south-eastern Australia. Percentage live basal area, plant area index and crown vigour were found to be reliable, objective indicators of stand condition. Little difference was detected in the physiological performance of trees in terms of water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence among stands of good and poor condition.

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45

Podger, G. M., S. M. Cuddy, L. Peeters, T. Smith, R. H. Bark, D. C. Black, and P. Wallbrink. "Risk management frameworks: supporting the next generation of Murray-Darling Basin water sharing plans." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-452-2014.

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Abstract. Water jurisdictions in Australia are required to prepare and implement water resource plans. In developing these plans the common goal is realising the best possible use of the water resources – maximising outcomes while minimising negative impacts. This requires managing the risks associated with assessing and balancing cultural, industrial, agricultural, social and environmental demands for water within a competitive and resource-limited environment. Recognising this, conformance to international risk management principles (ISO 31000:2009) have been embedded within the Murray-Darling Basin Plan. Yet, to date, there has been little strategic investment by water jurisdictions in bridging the gap between principle and practice. The ISO 31000 principles and the risk management framework that embodies them align well with an adaptive management paradigm within which to conduct water resource planning. They also provide an integrative framework for the development of workflows that link risk analysis with risk evaluation and mitigation (adaptation) scenarios, providing a transparent, repeatable and robust platform. This study, through a demonstration use case and a series of workflows, demonstrates to policy makers how these principles can be used to support the development of the next generation of water sharing plans in 2019. The workflows consider the uncertainty associated with climate and flow inputs, and model parameters on irrigation and hydropower production, meeting environmental flow objectives and recreational use of the water resource. The results provide insights to the risks associated with meeting a range of different objectives.

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46

Anand, RR, and RJ Gilkes. "Variations in the properties of iron oxides within individual specimens of lateritic duricrust." Soil Research 25, no. 3 (1987): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870287.

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The morphologically distinct materials in Darling Range lateritic duricrust (i.e. loose and cemented pisoliths, concretions, matrix, pisolith coatings and void coatings) exhibit goethite/(goethite + hematite) ratios ranging from 0.15 for individual pisoliths to 1.0 for void coatings. Mole % Al substitution ranged from 20 to 34% in goethite and from 2 to 15% in hematite. Goethite and hematite in pisoliths and concretions were mostly highly Al substituted. Al substitution in goethite was positively related (P < 0.01) to Al substitution in hematite. Al substitution in maghemite was less than 5%. Goethite crystals ranged in size from 130 to 260 A. Hematite crystals ranged from 140 to 520 A, and were systematically smaller in pisoliths. Crystal size of goethite and hematite decreased with increasing Al substitution. Hematite crystals were usually about 50% larger than goethite crystals in the same sample, and crystal sizes of goethite and hematite were positively correlated (P < 0.01). Goethite and hematite occurred as aggregates of subrounded platy crystals. Differences in the properties of goethite and hematite between morphologically distinct materials in single hand specimens are indicative of the complex history of these duricrusts.

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47

Kirby, Mac, Jeff Connor, Mobin-ud Din Ahmad, Lei Gao, and Mohammed Mainuddin. "Irrigator and Environmental Water Management Adaptation to Climate Change and Water Reallocation in the Murray–Darling Basin." Water Economics and Policy 01, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x15500095.

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In an earlier paper (Kirby et al. 2014a), we showed that climate change and a new policy which reallocates water to the environment will impact both the flow of water and the income derived from irrigation in the Murray–Darling Basin. Here, we extend the analysis to consider irrigator and environmental water management strategies to adapt to these new circumstances. Using an integrated hydrology-economics model, we examine a range of strategies and their impact on flows and the gross income of irrigation. We show that the adaptation strategies provide a range of flow and economic outcomes in the Basin. Several strategies offer significant scope to enhance flows without large adverse impacts on the gross income of irrigation overall. Some environmental water management strategies enhance flows in the Murray part of the basin even under the drying influence of a projected median climate change. Irrigator strategies that include carryover of water in storage from one year to the next provide for lesser year to year variability in gross income and may be regarded as more advantageous in providing security against droughts. Flows and the gross income of low value irrigation industries strategies are sensitive to climate change, irrespective of adaptation strategy. Should a projected dry extreme climate change be realized, no strategy can prevent a large reduction in flows and also in gross income, particularly of low value irrigation industries. Nevertheless, environmental water management strategies mitigate the impact on flows, and in some cases may also help mitigate the impacts on gross income. High value irrigation industries are less affected (in terms of gross income, though net income will reduce because of rising water prices) by projected climate change, consistent with observation in the recent long term drought.

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Balcombe, Stephen R., Fran Sheldon, Samantha J. Capon, Nick R. Bond, Wade L. Hadwen, Nick Marsh, and Sofie J. Bernays. "Climate-change threats to native fish in degraded rivers and floodplains of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 9 (2011): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11059.

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Many aquatic ecosystems have been severely degraded by water-resource development affecting flow regimes and biological connectivity. Freshwater fish have been particularly affected by these changes and climate change will place further stress on them. The Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, represents a highly affected aquatic system with dramatically modified flow regimes. This has impaired the health of its rivers, and potentially limited the adaptive capacity of its biota to respond to a changing climate. Here, we present our predictions of the potential impacts of climate change on 18 native fish species across their distributional ranges against the back-drop of past and continuing water-resource development (WRD). Because most of these species are found across a wide range of geographical and hydrological settings, we classified the MDB into 10 regions to account for likely variation in climate-change effects, on the basis of latitude, elevation and WRD. Cold water-tolerant species will be under greater stress than are warm water-tolerant species. In some regions, the negative impacts on exotic fish such as trout are likely to improve current conditions for native species. Because the impacts of climate change on any given species are likely to vary from region to region, regional fish assemblages will also be differentially affected. The most affected region is likely to occur in the highly disturbed Lower Murray River region, whereas the dryland rivers that are less affected in the northern MDB are likely to remain largely unchanged. Although climate change is a current and future threat to the MDB fish fauna, the continued over-regulation of water resources will place as much, if not more, stress on the remnant fish species.

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Baker, PD, and AR Humpage. "Toxicity associated with commonly occurring cyanobacteria in surface waters of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940773.

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Surveys of cyanobacterial blooms were made over four consecutive summer seasons (1990-93) in surface waters of the Murray-Darling Basin in south-eastern Australia to determine the incidence and geographic distribution of toxicity associated with a range of recognized taxa.<P. In all, 231 field samples and 143 cultured isolates, representing 13 genera, were tested for toxicity by intra-peritoneal mouse bioassay. Toxicity was recorded in 42% of all field samples and was expressed quantitatively on the basis of both dry weight and cell number. Anabaena was the most abundant genus in blooms occurring in riverine and wetland habitats, and Anabaena circinalis was prominent in all field samples that were neurotoxic. Neurotoxicity was not demonstrated in any other species of Anabaena, or in any other genus, in both field and cultured material. Assays for anatoxin-a were negative, and symptoms of neurotoxicity in mice were not consistent with those reported elsewhere for anatoxin-a(s). Hepatotoxic blooms occurred predominantly in standing waters and were invariably caused by Microcystis aeruginosa f. aeruginosa throughout the greater part of the Basin. Toxic blooms of Nodularia spumigena were recorded only in Lake Aiexandrina and Lake Albert at the mouth of the River Murray. Hepatotoxicity was also demonstrated in strains of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, which was previously recognized in Australia only as a subtropical cyanobacterium.

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Nemchin, A. A., and R. T. Pidgeon. "U–Pb ages on titanite and apatite from the Darling Range granite: implications for Late Archaean history of the southwestern Yilgarn Craton." Precambrian Research 96, no. 1-2 (June 1999): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00007-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Darling Range'

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