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Journal articles on the topic 'Darjeeling Hill'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Yu, Ren, Qianyi Wang, and Kee Cheok Cheong. "More than Tea - Environmental Decay, Administrative Isolation and the Struggle for Identity in Darjeeling." Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies 59, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol59no1.6.

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The victim of both geographical, historical and administrative isolation, Darjeeling owed its growth to tea cultivation in the hills by migrants from neighbouring Nepal collectively called Gorkhas. Their contributions notwithstanding, they felt discriminated by West Bengal’s residents to whose state they were administratively attached. Poverty and poor working conditions, with no voice in the tea estates, and poorly maintained infrastructure that brought frequent landslides have fuelled demands for “Gorkhaland”, a homeland separate from West Bengal, where the distinctiveness of their identity and their role as Indian citizens would be fully recognised. It did not help that the Darjeeling district had been administratively detached from the political mainstream. Periodic agitations against the state government have weakened local institutions, disrupted the local economy impacting adversely tea production and tourism on which the local economy and the Gorkhas depend. The West Bengal government had partly recognised Gorkha demands by establishing the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council and the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA) each vested with limited autonomy. But disagreements on autonomy have left the Gorkhaland issue unresolved. In the meantime, Darjeeling continues to experience gradual decay, absent adequate support from the West Bengal government and from Darjeeling’s local government, including the GTA itself.

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2

BHATTACHARYA, NANDINI. "Leisure, economy and colonial urbanism: Darjeeling, 1835–1930." Urban History 40, no. 3 (April 12, 2013): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926813000394.

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ABSTRACT:This article posits that the hill station of Darjeeling was a unique form of colonial urbanism. It shifts historiographical interest from major urban centres in colonial India (such as Bombay or Calcutta) and instead attempts a greater understanding of smaller urban centres. In the process, it also interrogates the category of hill stations, which have been understood as exotic and scenic sites rather than as towns that were integral to the colonial economy. In arguing that hill stations, particularly Darjeeling, were not merely the scenic and healthy ‘other’ of the clamorous, dirty and diseased plains of India, it refutes suggestions that the ‘despoiling’ or overcrowding of Darjeeling was incremental to the purposes of its establishment. Instead, it suggests that Darjeeling was part of the colonial mainstream; its urbanization and inclusion into the greater colonial economy was effected from the time of its establishment. Therefore, a constant tension between its exotic and its functional elements persisted throughout.

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3

Asthana, A. K., and Reesa Gupta. "Distributional Pattern of Genus Hypnum Hedw. (Bryophyta) in Relation to Habitat and Altitude at Darjeeling hills (Eastern Himalaya)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 01 (January 31, 2017): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v3i.8443.

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Hypnum Hedw. is a moss genus of family Hypnaceae which mostly occurs in temperate and sub tropical regions having ample moisture regime. The present study explicates the distribution and diversity of eight taxa of Hypnum viz. H. aduncoides (Brid.) Müll. Hal., H. cupressiforme Hedw., H. cupressiforme ssp. imponens, H. macrogynum Besch., H. sikkimense Ando, H. subimponens Lesq., H. subimponens ssp. ulophyllum (Müll. Hal.) Ando and H submolluscum Besch. occurring in Darjeeling hill region of eastern Himalaya. The distribution of all the eight species of genus Hypnum in eastern Himalaya at Darjeeling hills along the altitudinal gradient and at five different habitats has been provided.

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4

CHETTRI, ABHISHEK, KISHOR SHARMA, SAILENDRA DEWAN, and BHOJ KUMAR ACHARYA. "Bird diversity of tea plantations in Darjeeling Hills, Eastern Himalaya, India." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 1066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190339.

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Chettri A, Sharma K, Dewan S, Acharya BK. 2018. Bird diversity of tea plantations in Darjeeling Hills, Eastern Himalaya,India. Biodiversitas 19: 1066-1073. The biodiversity wealth and conservation potential of agro-ecosystems including cash cropplantations is gaining significance in recent years. Agro-forestry provides ecosystem services similar to forest and, hence, support a highdiversity of flora and fauna. This study was undertaken to explore the bird community in different tea gardens of Kurseong Hill,Darjeeling, Eastern Himalaya, India. Darjeeling is globally known for its extent and magnificent tea production. We sampled birds usingpoint count methods along transects during August 2015-January 2016. A total of 581 individual birds comprising 48 species wererecorded during the study. Amongst the guild types, insectivorous birds were the most dominant both in terms of species andabundances. Depending on their habitat preferences most of the birds were forest generalists followed by forest specialists. This studyhighlights that tea plantations have a great potential in harbouring and conserving birds and other associated life forms. Thus, propermanagement of these landscapes would be an effective strategy to conserve biodiversity of the Himalayas.

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5

Debnath, Manashi, and Samiran Chakrabarti. "Diversity, Bioecology and Biosystematics of Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Darjeeling Himalaya." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 21 (April 30, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v21.002.

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Darjeeling Himalaya with its foot hill has a diverse flora and fauna. Aphids with their host plants have shown a great remark in aphidological studies. Altitudinal variation is very important in case of aphid diversity. Predators are also important natural enemies of aphids in this area. There are endemic aphid species found in this region.

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6

Nornang, Geshe N. L., and Lawrence Epstein. ""Song of Lhasa Memories" by Shelkar Lingpa (ཤེལ་དཀར་གླིང་པ།)." Journal of Tibetan Literature 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2023): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.58371/jtl.2023.64.

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This ornate poem, composed by Shelkar Lingpa (Shel dkar gling pa, 1876–1913) in the Indian hill station of Darjeeling, evokes everyday life in faraway Lhasa, even as it makes not- so-subtle barbs at the Chinese military that had forced him into exile. Read the introduction by Andrew Quintman and Kurtis R. Schaeffer.

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7

Paloi, Soumitra, Arun Kumar Dutta, and Krishnendu Acharya. "A new species of Russula (Russulales) from Eastern Himalaya, India." Phytotaxa 234, no. 3 (November 18, 2015): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.3.6.

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A new species of Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) is described from Darjeeling Hill, Eastern Himalaya, India. Morphological and molecular (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region) sequence data assign the present species to the subgen. Incrustatula Romagn., sect. Lilaceinae (Melzer & Zvára) Konrad & Joss. and subsect. Lilaceinae Melzer & Zvára. Comprehensive description, photographs and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided.

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8

Loha, J., and S. Das. "Function and Application of GIS in Precision Agriculture at Darjeeling Hill." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v6i11.749752.

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9

Choudhary, N. C., and Kanchan Sarker. "Hill Villages of Darjeeling. Aspects of Economy, Ecology and Agricultural Modernization." Journal of Human Ecology 4, no. 2 (April 1993): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1993.11907745.

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10

Gurung, Yuvraj. "An Insight into ABO Blood Group and Susceptibility to COVID19 (SARS-CoV-2) in Darjeeling Hill Region, West Bengal, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 17 (August 7, 2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i173592.

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Introduction: Recent research studies have linked the relationship between ABO blood group and COVID19infection. The study aims to analyze the possibility of a correlation between the ABO blood group distribution and its possible impact on the infection and susceptibility to COVD19 virus in Darjeeling. Methods: A total sample of 234 COVID19 positive patients confirmed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, corona virus test (RT-PCR) were collected from Darjeeling District Hospital, Darjeeling (COVID Cell Records). The patients were visited in their given address and were asked to fill up a questionnaire. Results: The 234 COVID-19-infected patients were of blood group, A (55.4%), B(20.9%), AB(11.8%), O (23.6%), 97.86% were Rh positive. A statistically significant association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was observed for blood group A (55.4% vs 34.34%; odds ratio=1.83, 95% confidence interval=1.41–2.37). The association of SARS Coronavirus 2 for blood group AB was (11.8% vs 9.6%; odds ratio=1.18, 95% confidence interval=0.78–1.78). However, there was no association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection for, B (20.9% vs 22.66%; odds ratio=0.84, 95% confidence interval=0.60–1.16) and with O (23.6% vs 30.37%; odds ratio=0.513, 95% confidence interval=0.35–0.70). Discussion: This study reported blood group A to be most susceptible and blood group O least susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection which was found to be strikingly consistent with findings of the Meta-analysis of data from Wuhan, Shenzhen and NYP/CUIMC. Distributions of blood groups between New York City data from the NYP/CUIMC EHR system.

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11

Sinha, Sudha, Krishnapada Majumder, and Prabin Karkee. "Exploring Non-users’ Perceptions Towards the College Library Services in Darjeeling Hill." Pearl : A Journal of Library and Information Science 16, no. 4 (2022): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6922.2022.00026.2.

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12

Sharma, Dr Gopal. "Crisis of Good Governance and Autonomy Movement: From Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council to Gorkhaland Territorial Administration." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 5 (January 15, 2012): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/may2014/63.

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13

Subba, Bivek, Sajal Mondal, Uttam Kumar Mandal, and Lakpa Tamang. "Small-scale tea farming sustainability: A case study of Darjeeling hill region, India." Farming System 2, no. 2 (April 2024): 100080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100080.

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14

Thapa, Manorama, and Pribat Rai. "Integrated Use of Remote Sensing and GIS in estimating Soil Erosion in the Tukvar Tea Plantation Area, Darjeeling, India by RUSLE Modelling." Disaster Advances 16, no. 10 (September 15, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1610da011016.

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Soil erosion is one of the major threats to food security and agricultural sustainability worldwide. Numerous factors including relief, slope, land use, land cover, rainfall pattern, soil texture, conservation techniques and anthropogenic factors, combine to cause soil erosion. The enormity and spatial distribution of soil erosion should be known for effectively assessing and mapping erosion-prone areas. In the hill region, soil loss is a significant component in decreasing stability and persistent loss causes landslides. So in order to study this, various soil erosion models have come up amongst which RUSLE has been adopted by many researchers. The goal of the current study is to forecast the projected soil loss in Tukvar tea plantations of the Darjeeling district. This study will provide an estimate of the amount and rate of erosion in the Darjeeling district's Tukvar tea plantations. This study revealed that the leading factors to soil erosion are slope factors and rainfall erosivity. The geo-coded reference of the geographic extent of soil erosion-prone areas will be useful for micro-level planning and will serve as a useful tool for managing and conserving soil.

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15

Saha, S., S. Chakraborty, S. Acharyya, S. Sarkar, S. Majumder, A. Ghosh, and M. Bhattacharya. "PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISM CONSORTIUM OF VIRGIN TIGER HILL FOREST SOIL SHOWS HIGH LEVEL TOLERANCE TO PESTICIDE, ANTIBIOTIC, ANTIFUNGAL AND HEAVY METALS." ÈKOBIOTEH 3, no. 4 (2020): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-4-578-588.

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Tiger Hill, a notified reserve forest is the highest point around Darjeeling town in Eastern Himalayan Hotspot. Soil nutrition of this forest area depends on nutrient recycling where phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSM) has crucial role to play as it solubilises insoluble phosphorus salt to soluble forms. But, with rise in use of toxic chemicals these microbes are at threat. This research initiative explores isolation of PSM from Tiger hill forest soil to detect pesticide, antibiotic, antifungal and heavy metal tolerance. Soil sample from tiger hill has moisture (18.55%), pH (3.87), organic carbon (1.187%), total Nitrogen (1.02%) and Phosphorus in P2O5 form (10ppm). Isolation and screening of PSM were conducted on Pikovskaya’s agar medium. In vitro tolerance assay was performed to detect degree of tolerance in isolated PSM-consortium (PSMC). Pesticides like Fipronil, Thiomethoxame, Emamectin benzoate, Deltamethrin, Flubendiamide, Spiromesifen, Fenazaquin and Phorate exhibited complete to high degree of tolerance. PSMC was fully tolerant to antibiotic like Augmentin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ofloxacin, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefotaxime; antifungal Itraconazole and Fluconazole. Mild tolerance towards heavy metal salts like As2O3, SnCl2, CdCl2, CuCl2, CdSO4 and CuSO4 were detected. Synergestic effect of cells present in the isolated PSMC may also be an added advantageous property to tolerate pesticides, antibiotic, antifungal and heavy metal salts.

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16

Acharjee, M. L., and S. Barat. "Seasonal dynamics of ichthyodiversity in a hill stream of the Darjeeling Himalaya, West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 6, no. 14 (December 26, 2014): 6635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o3404.6635-48.

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17

Karkee, Prabin, and Krishnapada Majumder. "Getting Into The Reality: The Experience of Physical Facilities Provided by The Public Libraries in Darjeeling Hill." Library Herald 53, no. 4 (2015): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-2469.2015.00041.x.

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18

Pal, S., T. S. Ghimiray, and B. R. Sharma. "Reaction of soybean cultivars to leaf folders,NacoleiaSpp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under mid hill conditions of Darjeeling, India." Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal 33, no. 4 (2013): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-0547.33.4.036.

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19

Banerjee, Piu, Arghya Laha, Indrani Samaddar, Himaniv Biswas, Debjani Sarkar, Sovan Roy, Goutam K. Saha, and Sanjoy Podder. "Acaricidal activity of nishinda (Vitex negundo) leaf and garlic (Allium sativum) bulb extract against red spider mite, Oligonychus coﬀeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in tea plantations of Darjeeling hill, West Bengal, India." Acta Biologica Szegediensis 65, no. 1 (August 21, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2021.1.59-64.

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The red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) serves as a serious threat to the Darjeeling tea plantations affecting the quality of the leaves. Various plant extracts are currently being researched as an alternative to the chemical pesticides to control the red spider mites. In the present study, the leaves of Vitex negundo L. and the bulb of Allium sativum L. were analyzed for their acaricidal activity on the larval, nymphal and adult stages of the mite. Both the extracts were found to have potent activity against red spider mites and may prove to be potential acaricides in future.

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20

Parashar, Ankur. "City on a Hill: Historical Spatiality of Water Scarcity in Shimla." Somatechnics 13, no. 3 (December 2023): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2023.0412.

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Water scarcity has become a permanent feature in Himalayan cities. Despite the recurrent events of the water crisis in Himalayan cities, the relationship between urban space and water scarcity has not received sufficient attention in the urban studies literature in India. Water scarcity is rooted both in the water infrastructure inherited during the precolonial and colonial periods meant for the population of that time and the resulting racial exclusionary practices. In the context of countries like India, or what we collectively call Southern Urbanisation, whenever there is a water crisis, the water infrastructure built during the colonial period is blamed solely for the crisis without considering the historicity of the production of these infrastructures within the urban space. Colonialism is a significant factor in understanding urbanisation in the Indian context, it is still prominent, even more so in the context of mountain urbanisation in India, where many new urban centers like Shimla, Darjeeling, and Murry emerged as the new centers of colonial domination in the second half of the nineteenth century. The urban space of the region is both a socio-temporal space produced through colonialism and a geographically contingent place. Therefore water scarcity needs to be analysed by combining these two factors. In this paper, I will contextualise water scarcity in the context of Himalayan urbanisation where the production of urban space is intertwined with the case of Shimla. The case study of the spatial development of Shimla shows how the urban space in Himalaya and its relationship with water scarcity require a separate field of inquiry within urban studies in the global south.

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21

Karki, Sanjivani, Mrityunjay Ghosh, Binoy Chettri, TS Ghimiray, S. Banerjee, P. Biswas, and A. Bag. "Response of scented rice landraces of North Bengal under organic nutrient management in Darjeeling hills." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.3.15.

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The traditional practice of growing scented rice in Darjeeling Himalayas needs refinement in nutrient management for sustained production with desired quality. The effect of organic nutrient sources (Cow dung manure @ 5 t/ha, Vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha, Mustard cake @ 0.5 t/ha, and Leaf mould @ 1 t/ha) on two aromatic rice cultivars (Kalture, and Kalonunia) was studied in a split-plot design during wet (kharif) season of 2021 at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalimpong, West Bengal. Kalture had taller plants (137.1 cm) and lodging susceptibility (score 4.0) at harvest, while Kalonunia remained unlodged. Kalonunia produced 16.1% greater grain yield (3.32 t ha-1 vs. 2.86 t ha-1) over Kalture due to more number of panicles m-2 (356.2) and filled grains panicle-1 (90.1). Both aromatic rice cultivars had medium-slender (MS) white kernels, but Kalonunia had higher protein content (7.3%), alkali spreading value (score 6.0) and aroma (score 1.8) than Kalture (6.7%, score 5.7 and score 1.6). The application of vermicompost @ 1.5 t ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield (3.22 t ha-1), but mustard cake @ 0.5 t ha-1 might be better option due to moderate yield (3.11 t ha-1), better grain quality, and greater residual N (235.1 kg ha-1), P status (23.4 kg ha-1) in hill soil of West Bengal.

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22

Bhattacharya, Sudip Kumar. "Geomorphometric analysis and terrain evaluation for environmental management in the Kurseong hill subdivision of the Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India." Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 985–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0230-z.

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23

Dolui, T. K., and S. Jana. "Effects of phytohormones on some biochemical parameters during dark induced leaf senescence ofSechium edule on Darjeeling Hill of the Eastern Himalayas." Biologia Plantarum 30, no. 5 (September 1988): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02878194.

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24

Quintman, Andrew, and Kurtis R. Schaeffer. "Notes on Shelkar Lingpa’s “Song of Lhasa Memories”." Journal of Tibetan Literature 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2023): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.58371/jtl.2023.63.

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Few compositions of the early twentieth century hold a place as dear to the hearts of Tibetan readers as the “Song of Lhasa Memories.” This ornate poem, composed by Shelkar Lingpa (Shel dkar gling pa, 1876–1913) in the Indian hill station of Darjeeling, evokes everyday life in faraway Lhasa, even as it makes not- so-subtle barbs at the Chinese military that had forced him into exile. This essay serves as an introduction to the English translation by Geshe N. L. Nornang and Lawrence Epstein. It surveys the author’s life and historical context, the poem’s structure and contents, the work’s publication and translation history in Darjeeling and Tibet, and the reasons these evocative verses have served as a potent vehicle for Tibetan self-reflection. བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་འགོ་སྟོད་དུ་བོད་ཀྱི་ཀློག་པ་པོ་རྣམས་ལ་ལྷ་ས་དྲན་གླུ་ལྟ་བུ་བག་ཆགས་ཟབ་པའི་བརྩམས་ཆོས་ནི་ཆེས་ཉུང་ངུ་ལས་མེད།ཤེལ་དཀར་གླིང་པས(1876-1913)་རྒྱ་གར་རྡོ་རྗ་གླིང་གི་རི་གྲོང་དུ་བརྩམས་ཤིང་སྙན་ངག་གི་རྒྱན་གྱིས་ལེགས་པར་སྤུད་པའི་སྙན་རྩོམ་འདིས་ཐག་རིང་ལྷ་སའི་ཉིན་རེའི་འཚོ་བ་དག་ལྷང་ངེར་གསལ་བར་བྱས་པ་དང་མཉམ་དུ་དེ་ཙམ་མངོན་མིན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ཁོང་ཉིད་གཞན་ཡུལ་ལ་སྐྲོད་མཁན་གྱི་རྒྱའི་དམག་མིར་ཡང་ཟུར་ཟ་གནང་ཡོད། ད་ལྟའི་རྩོམ་ཡིག་འདི་ནི་དགེ་བཤེས་ཨན་ཨེལ་ནོར་ནང་དང་ལོ་རན་ཨེཔ་སྚན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་དབྱིན་བསྒྱུར་ཞུས་པའི་སྙན་རྩོམ་དེའི་ངོ་སྤྲོད་ཡིན། རྩོམ་འདིས་རྩོམ་པ་པོ་གང་དེའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་དོན། སྙན་རྩོམ་དེའི་གཞུང་དོན་དང་སྒྲོམ་གཞི། བོད་དང་རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང་སོགས་སུ་སྙན་རྩོམ་དེ་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་བྱས་ཚུལ་དང་རྩོམ་བསྒྱུར་གང་བྱས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། རྒྱུ་མཚན་ཅིའི་ཕྱིར་དྲན་པའི་རི་མོ་ཅིག་ཅར་ཡིད་དུ་བསྐུལ་བར་ནུས་པའི་སྙན་ངག་འདི་བོད་མི་ཚོར་རང་ཉིད་ལ་ཕྱིར་རྟོགས་བྱེད་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ནུས་ལྡན་ཞིག་ཏུ་གྱུར་ཚུལ་བཅས་གྱི་སྐོར་རྒྱས་པར་ཞིབ་འཇུག་བྱས་ཡོད།། །།

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Mandal, B., S. Mandal, K. B. Pun, and A. Varma. "First Report of the Association of a Nanovirus with Foorkey Disease of Large Cardamom in India." Plant Disease 88, no. 4 (April 2004): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.428a.

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Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is affected by the serious disease ‘foorkey’, which is of unknown etiology (1). Excessive sprouting and formation of bushy dwarf clumps at the base of mother plants that gradually die, characterize the disease. In surveys in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Hill area during 2002 and 2003, as much as 27% of plants were found to be affected. Electron microscopy of negatively stained, partially purified preparations from field-infected large cardamom plants showed the presence of isometric particles measuring 17 to 20 nm. The causal agent was successfully transmitted by the aphid Micromyzus kalimpongensis Basu, in a persistent manner. Ten randomly selected field samples gave A405 0.1 to 0.23 compared with 0.57 with positive control with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antiserum to an Indian isolate of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). A fragment of approximately 850 bp was amplified from the diseased plants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers 5′-ATGGCGCGATATGTGGTATGC-3′ and 5′-TCAGCAAGAAAACCAACTTTATTC-3′, designed to amplify the putative Rep gene based on the sequences of DNA1 of BBTV. The PCR product was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AY 485960) and showed 80 to 82% identity with the corresponding region of DNA1 of BBTV and 47.6 to 48.5% with other recognized nanoviruses. These findings indicate that a nanovirus is associated with ‘foorkey’ disease of large cardamom, which is tentatively named as Cardamom bushy dwarf virus. Reference: (1) P. M. Varma and S. P. Capoor. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 34:56, 1964.

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Sarkar, Abhisek, Dipesh Roy, and Deepak Kumar Mandal. "Assessment of Spatial Variability Mapping of Soil Properties and its Impacts on Agricultural Productivity using GIS Approach in Siliguri Sub-Division, West Bengal, India." Current World Environment 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 795–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.28.

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Soil surveying and mapping are extremely important in order to comprehend the characteristics of soil and what applications there are in agriculture, irrigation, urbanisation, and other land uses purposes. A major hindrance to the maximum production of the land is soil degradation brought on by inappropriate land management techniques. Geographical variability mapping of soil parameters is necessary for the agricultural productivity, food safety and environmental modelling. This research was done to identify some of the soil characteristics in the Siliguri Sub-Division. The present study had been conducted in the four blocks of Siliguri Sub-Division, located at the foot hill of the Darjeeling Himalayas in the Terai region of West Bengal, India. To comprehend the geographic variability of soil characteristics using a geospatial technique Soil pH, Phosphorus (P), Organic Carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N), Sulphur (S) and Potassium (K)were measured. To evaluate the current soil status of the area, some important chemical characteristics of the soil were identified. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to create surface maps of soil attributes, and sampling-broad analysis utilizing GPS was found to be a potentially effective tool. The goal of the study is to use an innovative method to carry out a soil analysis in a newly developed area. The production of digital maps for soil attributes allowed GIS to be used in the study to portray the laboratory results of the soil analysis. Utilizing variable technology, such digital mapping can be utilised in the research on agricultural applications. The result obtained from the research portray that the soil is acidic in nature and the pH value ranges between pH 6.1 to pH 4.5. Moreover, the presence of Nitrogen is between 0.13 to 1.90 %. Organic Carbon ranges between 2.22 to 1.47 %. The range of Potassium is between 32 ppm to 58 ppm, Phosphorus ranges between 09 to 27 ppm and sulphur content ranges between 10.4 to 32.3 ppm. The investigations will assist the development of a sustainable ecological status and proper agricultural system. Subsequently, it will also help to local government, environmentalists, LULC planners to promote any developmental plan related to agriculture and soil in the Siliguri Sub-division.

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Asthana, Ashish K., and Reesa Gupta. "A Note on Bryophyte Diversity in Context of Habitat and Anthropogenic Intervention at Ghoom (Darjeeling), Eastern Himalaya, India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i04.4.

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An assessment of diversity of bryophytes at Ghoom, Darjeeling Hills has been made. A total of 47 species belonging to 37 genera and 26 families have been identified during the study. Six habitats were selected to compare relative bryophyte distribution. Evaluation of the bryophyte distribution in different habitats has been done with an observation of different growth forms occurring in the area. It has been noticed that bryophyte diversity in terms of number of taxa was quite low here as compared to nearby Jalapahar and Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary of Darjeeling hills surveyed during study, owing to higher level of pollution and habitat loss due to constant anthropogenic movement.

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GURUNG., N., S. SINGH, D. BARMAN, S. SARKAR, B. K. SINGH, and N. PRASAD. "Evaluation of superior Darjeeling mandarin genotypes/clones from Sikkim and Darjeeling hills." Journal of Crop and Weed 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2022.v18.i3.1646.

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Harijan, Kishan. "Sustainability of Cultural Integrtion in Darjeeling Hills." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.02.2011.72-82.

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Pal, Ram, and R. Medhi. "A colour variant of Liparis Bootanensis Griff. from Darjeeling Hills." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-avqp5g.

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A colour variant of Liparis bootanensis Griff. collected from Mangpoo, Darjeeling district of West Bengal has been recorded for the first time from India. The variant is described here with the help of photographs.

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Pradhan, Alina. "Ethnic Awareness among the Lepchas of Darjeeling Hills." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.03.2012.36-45.

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Harijan, Kishan. "ICT: A Case study of the Darjeeling Hills." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.04.2013.150-161.

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Chakrabarti, Anjan. "Economic Development in Darjeeling Hills: Quest for Alternatives." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.02.2011.36-46.

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Antal, J. S., M. Prasad, and E. G. Khare. "Fossil woods from the Siwalik sediments of Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 43, no. 1-3 (December 31, 1994): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1994.1180.

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The fossil woods described in this paper form the first report from the Himalayan foot-hills near Oodlabari, a small town on Siliguri-Guwahati Highway, Darjeeling District, West Bengal. These belong to the extant genera Baubinia Linn. and Diospyros Linn. of the families fabaceae and Ebenaceae, respectively and have been described as Baubiniumpalaeo malabaricum Prakash & Prasad and Ebenoxylon miocenicum Prakash. They indicate the prevalence of tropical humid climate in the foot-hills during Siwalik sedimentation.

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Pal, Amartya, Swetapadma Dash, Devanshu Gupta, and P. C. Saha. "Redescription of Carbula indica (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) from West Bengal, India with a key to the Indian species of the genus Carbula Stål, 1865." ENTOMON 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v48i4.987.

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Carbula indica (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) re-described with illustrations based on the material collected from the Himalayan hills of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. New characters are included, along with both male and female genitalia and morphometric measurements to facilitate easy species determination. A key to the Indian species of Carbula Stål, 1865 is also presented.

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Asthana, Geeta, and Chandrakala Bhagat. "Entodontopsis setschwanica (Broth.) W.R. Buck & Ireland: An addition to West Himalayan Moss Flora with a brief note on the Genus Stereophyllum Mitt. and Entodontopsis Broth. in India." Indian Journal of Forestry 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-561742.

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Entodontopsis setschwanica (Broth.) W.R. Buck & Ireland is an epiphytic moss belonging to family Stereophyllaceae. The plants have been observed during the survey and investigation of mosses of Garhwal Hills, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. In India the species has been reported from Darjeeling (West Bengal) in Eastern Himalaya and from Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) in Western Ghats, South India so far. Now the species is being reported here for the first time from Pipalkoti in Chamoli district, (Garhwal Hills) Uttarakhand which is an addition to West Himalayan Moss Flora.

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Chamling, Novin, Nilesh Bhowmick, Binayak Chakraborty, Abhas Kr Sinha, Puspendu Dutta, and Somnath Mandal. "Ameliorative Role of Boron on Morpho-physiological Characters of Mandarin Orange Seedlings under Aluminium Stress Condition." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (September 9, 2023): 1830–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193734.

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Darjeeling mandarin orange is well known for its unique and delicious taste. It is also considered as one of the major cash crop of Darjeeling hills. But in recent past, the production has been declined drastically due to some of the biotic and abiotic factors. Acidic soils are mainly confined in this region which has a complex interaction of growth limiting factors that can restricts growth by inducing stress on plants through triggering aluminium stress and micronutrient Deficiency. This has resulted in declination in production and quality of mandarin orange grown in foothills of Darjeeling. Since boron is known to act as ameliorative role under aluminium toxicity, the present study was investigated to understand the effect of boron in mandarin orange seedlings grown under aluminium stress condition. Seedlings of Darjeeling mandarin orange were fertilized with Hoagland solution containing four levels of boron (i.e, 0µM, 5µM, 10µM and 25µM H3BO3) and two level of Aluminium (i.e., 0µM and 1200µM AlCl3.6 H2O) up to 22 weeks. Seedlings without boron and aluminium was treated as the control. Aluminium at higher concentration severely hinder physiological changes in terms of shoot length, leave numbers, leaf area, fresh shoot, root weight, chlorophyll content and carotenoid of mandarin seedlings. However, the application of boron improved the physiological attributes under higher concentration of aluminium. Furthermore, application of boron concentration at 10µM proved to be better treatment for mandarin seedlings grown under aluminium stress condition.

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Chhetri, Nilamber. "Gendered Frames of Mobilization: Differential Participation of Women in Ethno-politics of Darjeeling." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 28, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520974846.

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While issues related to collective mobilizations have recently attracted considerable attention, little has been done to explore and explain the differential rate of participation of women in different forms of mobilization. While addressing the issues of gender within the charred ethno-politics of Darjeeling, this article will analyse women’s participation in two successive waves of Gorkhaland movements, followed by the recent mobilization for recognition as scheduled tribes. In this regard, the article will highlight how the overt use of violence, followed by the response of the state, contributes significantly towards differential participation in ethnic movements. Looking at the changing ethno-politics of the Darjeeling hills, the article argues that the gender difference within social movements is produced through anchoring frames which use cultural cues to structure the repertoire of the movement.

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Mallick, Jayanta Kumar. "Mammals of Kalimpong Hills, Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 4, no. 12 (October 10, 2012): 3103–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2418.3103-36.

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40

Joseph, Babu. "The Emergence of Darjeeling Hills as a Tourist Destination." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.02.2011.15-35.

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41

Rai, Sudha. "Technological-gap of Agro-Horticulture sector in Darjeeling Hills." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.04.2013.174-181.

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Rasaily, Rinju. "Sitting Ducks Post-COVID? Work Organisation and Compounded Health Risks for Darjeeling Tea Workers." Social Change 53, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857231203359.

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This article argues that burgeoning economic uncertainty, competitiveness of commodity production after COVID-19 and labour reforms may facilitate the industry to reorganise work arrangements through labour flexibilisation and mechanisation, accentuate health precarity, and nefariously push the disenfranchised Darjeeling tea labour further into oblivion. Workers’ access to basic healthcare services for illnesses and diseases such as fevers, diarrhoea, dysentery, anaemia, and hypertension pivots on the fragile lines of power and ethno-gender that are deeply embedded in plantation societies. Subsequently, social distancing as a preventive everyday measure during the pandemic appears to have reinforced both class and caste divide among these communities. The tangible absence of a robust health infrastructure in the Darjeeling hills exposes the undeniable shift in the responsibility of healthcare by the tea garden management on workers’ households and the samaj, as a social collective in managing illness and care.

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GURUNG, N., D. BARMAN, S. SARKAR, and D. TAMANG. "Evaluation of Darjeeling mandarin on different rootstocks of citrus in Darjeeling and Kalimpong hills of West Bengal." Journal of Crop and Weed 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/09746315.2020.v16.i2.1327.

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44

MISRA, TARUN KUMAR, ANIRUDDHA SAHA, ASHIS KUMAR NANDA, and PALASH MANDAL. "Effects of climatic factors on antioxidant quality of tea (Camellia sinensis) in North Bengal." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i7.83947.

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Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is one of the important contributors to the growing economy of NorthBengal. The phytochemical and therapeutic qualities of tea prominently altered recently due to continuous change in climatic conditions of North Bengal. The nutraceutical quality of tea is largely dependent on antioxidant attributes. For investigating the relationship between antioxidant attributes and climatic factors, the present field experiment was conducted in 18 tea gardens of Terai, Dooars and Darjeeling Hills of North Bengal during 2012–17. Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis was performed in three different harvest seasons, viz. March, June and December. Phenolic compounds including catechins were low during winter months, and then gradually increased up to warmer spring season. In stress condition, tea plants biosynthesized more flavonoids and high flavour index in Darjeeling hills. However, free-radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were found to increase from spring to winter season. The data were pooled for PCA analysis to determine the relationship between seasonal variations and tea antioxidant quality in each region of North Bengal separately. Different attributes of climatic factors significantly correlated with antioxidant quality and bioactive compounds. Variation in climate is reportedly affecting the antioxidant quality of tea and its shifting pattern grossly influences the key phytochemicals responsible for the flavour of tea.

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45

Sarkar, Tahiti. "Linking Environmental History of South Asia with Colonial Darjeeling Hills:…" SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.09.2018.57-64.

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46

Hazra, Prantik, Shuvam Sharma, and Arghya Ghosh. "Covid 19 Pandemic: Misery of Local Farmers in Darjeeling Hills." Journal of Plant Science Research 37, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2021.37.01.10.

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47

Datta, Karubaki. "Heritage of Tibetan culture among the people of Darjeeling Hills." Social Change 36, no. 2 (June 2006): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570603600210.

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Rai, Smriti. "Social Networking Sites - Impact on Social Relationships in Darjeeling Hills." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.04.2013.135-149.

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49

Sofique, Mir Abdul. "Role of Tourism in Human Resource Development in Darjeeling Hills." SALESIAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51818/sjhss.02.2011.1-14.

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50

Chakraborty, B. N., P. L. Dey, R. Shankar, J. Adhikari, and D. Lama. "Genetic relatedness between some saprophytic and parasitic macrofungi of Darjeeling Hills." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 4, no. 1 (2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2010.v04i01.013.

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Eight dominant saprophytic and parasitic macro fungi collccted from Darjeeling hills [N 26°31’ 27.13 – E 87-59’ -88.53'] of North Bengal region were studied using internal transcribe space (ITS) and RAPD PCR, rDNA region of saprophytic and parasitic macro fungi with ITS1 and ITS4 primers produced range between 400-800bp products. The genetic relatedness among these macro fungi were analyzed with four random primers. RAPD profiles showed genetic diversity among the isolates with the formation of two clusters. Analysis of dendrogram revealed that similarity coefficient ranged from 0.34-0.86.

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