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Journal articles on the topic 'DAPL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Hudson, André O., Charles Gilvarg, and Thomas Leustek. "Biochemical and Phylogenetic Characterization of a Novel Diaminopimelate Biosynthesis Pathway in Prokaryotes Identifies a Diverged Form of ll-Diaminopimelate Aminotransferase." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 9 (February 29, 2008): 3256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01381-07.

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ABSTRACT A variant of the diaminopimelate (DAP)-lysine biosynthesis pathway uses an ll-DAP aminotransferase (DapL, EC 2.6.1.83) to catalyze the direct conversion of l-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate to ll-DAP. Comparative genomic analysis and experimental verification of DapL candidates revealed the existence of two diverged forms of DapL (DapL1 and DapL2). DapL orthologs were identified in eubacteria and archaea. In some species the corresponding dapL gene was found to lie in genomic contiguity with other dap genes, suggestive of a polycistronic structure. The DapL candidate enzymes were found to cluster into two classes sharing approximately 30% amino acid identity. The function of selected enzymes from each class was studied. Both classes were able to functionally complement Escherichia coli dapD and dapE mutants and to catalyze ll-DAP transamination, providing functional evidence for a role in DAP/lysine biosynthesis. In all cases the occurrence of dapL in a species correlated with the absence of genes for dapD and dapE representing the acyl DAP pathway variants, and only in a few cases was dapL coincident with ddh encoding meso-DAP dehydrogenase. The results indicate that the DapL pathway is restricted to specific lineages of eubacteria including the Cyanobacteria, Desulfuromonadales, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaeta, and Chloroflexi and two archaeal groups, the Methanobacteriaceae and Archaeoglobaceae.
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2

Liu, Yuchen, Robert H. White, and William B. Whitman. "Methanococci Use the Diaminopimelate Aminotransferase (DapL) Pathway for Lysine Biosynthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 13 (April 23, 2010): 3304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00172-10.

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ABSTRACT The pathway of lysine biosynthesis in the methanococci has not been identified previously. A variant of the diaminopimelic acid (DAP) pathway uses diaminopimelate aminotransferase (DapL) to catalyze the direct conversion of tetrahydrodipicolinate (THDPA) to ll-DAP. Recently, the enzyme DapL (MTH52) was identified in Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus and shown to belong to the DapL1 group. Although the Methanococcus maripaludis genome lacks a gene that can be unambiguously assigned a DapL function based on sequence similarity, the open reading frame MMP1527 product shares 30% amino acid sequence identity with MTH52. A Δmmp1527 deletion mutant was constructed and found to be a lysine auxotroph, suggesting that this DapL homolog in methanococci is required for lysine biosynthesis. In cell extracts of the M. maripaludis wild-type strain, the specific activity of DapL using ll-DAP and α-ketoglutarate as substrates was 24.3 ± 2.0 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1. The gene encoding the DapL homolog in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (MJ1391) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein was purified. The maximum activity of MJ1391 was observed at 70°C and pH 8.0 to 9.0. The apparent Km s of MJ1391 for ll-DAP and α-ketoglutarate were 82.8 ± 10 μM and 0.42 ± 0.02 mM, respectively. MJ1391 was not able to use succinyl-DAP or acetyl-DAP as a substrate. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that two lateral gene transfers occurred in the DapL genes, one from the archaea to the bacteria in the DapL2 group and one from the bacteria to the archaea in the DapL1 group. These results demonstrated that the DapL pathway is present in marine methanogens belonging to the Methanococcales.
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3

Beucher, Becky. "Memes and Social Messages: Teaching a Critical Literacies Curriculum on DAPL." International Journal of Multicultural Education 22, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v22i3.2235.

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This article documents the design and implementation of a culturally responsive critical media literacies curriculum centered around media representations of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). Students (grades 6-8) were invited to discuss media imagery relating to DAPL and to create memes reflecting their understandings. To situate this work, we articulate a framework that blends critical media literacies and culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy. We analyze students’ spoken and multimodal responses to a curriculum that purposefully foregrounded Native perspectives and digital media. Ultimately, we argue that students must be invited to leverage their epistemic privilege in responding to contemporary social issues.
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4

Goeckner, Ryan, Sean M. Daley, Jordyn Gunville, and Christine M. Daley. "Cheyenne River Sioux Traditions and Resistance to the Dakota Access Pipeline." Religion and Society 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arrs.2020.110106.

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The No Dakota Access Pipeline resistance movement provides a poignant example of the way in which cultural, spiritual, and oral traditions remain authoritative in the lives of American Indian peoples, specifically the Lakota people. Confronted with restrictions of their religious freedoms and of access to clean drinking water due to construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL), members of Lakota communities engaged with traditions specific to their communities to inform and structure the No DAPL resistance movement. A series of interviews conducted on the Cheyenne River Sioux Nation with tribal members reveal that Lakota spiritual traditions have been integral to every aspect of the movement, including the motivations for, organization of, and understanding of the future of the movement.
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5

Martini, Michele. "Online distant witnessing and live-streaming activism: Emerging differences in the activation of networked publics." New Media & Society 20, no. 11 (April 11, 2018): 4035–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818766703.

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Since its formal approval, the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) project raised public concern about environmental sustainability and security. Thanks to the systematic use of Internet and communication technologies (ICTs), the nonviolent resistance organized by the Sioux tribes of Standing Rock Reservation to oppose the planned construction rapidly attracted public attention. In view of their strategic use of online video-sharing for documentation and counter-surveillance purposes, this study aims at describing how diverse modes of user activity are triggered by two different forms of distant witnessing: online video and live streaming. To this aim, this study analyzes the user activity which took place on the Digital Smoke Signals Facebook page, one of the most widely followed information outlets of the NO DAPL movement. Findings suggest that online video and live streaming trigger different forms of connective activity. The highlighted differences reflect the ways in which synchronous and asynchronous forms of online audio-visual communication impact users’ everyday life.
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6

Kieffer, C. L., and Devorah Romanek. "Crowdsourcing a Current Events Exhibition on Community Activism Against DAPL." Curator: The Museum Journal 62, no. 2 (April 2019): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12302.

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7

Fuchs, Thilo M., Boris Schneider, Karin Krumbach, Lothar Eggeling, and Roy Gross. "Characterization of a Bordetella pertussisDiaminopimelate (DAP) Biosynthesis Locus Identifies dapC, a Novel Gene Coding for anN-Succinyl-l,l-DAP Aminotransferase." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 13 (July 1, 2000): 3626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.13.3626-3631.2000.

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ABSTRACT The functional complementation of two Escherichia colistrains defective in the succinylase pathway ofmeso-diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) biosynthesis with a Bordetella pertussis gene library resulted in the isolation of a putative dap operon containing three open reading frames (ORFs). In line with the successful complementation of the E. coli dapD and dapE mutants, the deduced amino acid sequences of two ORFs revealed significant sequence similarities with the DapD and DapE proteins of E. coli and many other bacteria which exhibit tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase and N-succinyl-l,l-DAP desuccinylase activity, respectively. The first ORF within the operon showed significant sequence similarities with transaminases and contains the characteristic pyridoxal-5′-phosphate binding motif. Enzymatic studies revealed that this ORF encodes a protein withN-succinyl-l,l-DAP aminotransferase activity converting N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate, the product of the succinylase DapD, to N-succinyl-l,l-DAP, the substrate of the desuccinylase DapE. Therefore, this gene appears to encode the DapC protein of B. pertussis. Apart from the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate binding motif, the DapC protein does not show further amino acid sequence similarities with the only other known enzyme with N-succinyl-l,l-DAP aminotransferase activity, ArgD of E. coli.
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8

White, George W., and Bruce V. Millett. "OIL TRANSPORT AND PROTECTING CLEAN WATER: THE CASE OF THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE (DAPL)." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2019132008.

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Oil frequently plays a crucial role in modern industrial economies. It is a very costly natural resource for those countries that do not have it, but very profitable for those that do. Yet, developing oil resources and transporting them to market has its own costs, not only in terms of production but also in terms of impacts on other valuable natural resources such as clean water. Not surprisingly, governments can have strict environmental regulations concerning oil transport. However, such regulations can be complicated, especially in countries like the United States where many different government agencies claim jurisdiction, especially at differing spatial scales. Consequently, conflict can result from competing interests, pitting those developing oil resources against those already using resources such as clean water. This paper explores the complicated geographies of environmental regulations and how competing entities pursue and protect their interests through environmental ligation. In doing so, this study uses the example of the Dakota Access Pipeline (the DAPL) because the conflict surrounding it garnered considerable national and international attention.
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9

Presley, Rachel, and Jason Crane. "Sonic colonizations, sound coalitions: analyzing the aural landscape of Standing Rock’s No-DAPL movement." Argumentation and Advocacy 54, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511431.2018.1509595.

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10

Hudson, André O., Irma Girón, and Renwick C. J. Dobson. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis ofL,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (DapL) fromChlamydomonas reinhardtii." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 67, no. 1 (December 24, 2010): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s174430911004844x.

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11

Schnepf, J. D. "Unsettling Aerial Surveillance: Surveillance Studies after Standing Rock." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 5 (December 10, 2019): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i5.13480.

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Aerial surveillance by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones played a prominent role in the “water is life” actions undertaken by “water protectors” to defend the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation’s water source from the proposed Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). By considering how the water protectors deployed drones in their actions, this article shows that decolonizing surveillance studies in the settler-colonial context must follow the work of Indigenous studies scholars in accounting for existing colonial relations. To that end, this article argues that while aerial sousveillance measures constitute a subversive tactical response to organized surveillance by law enforcement and private security firms, the technologies and visualizations on which protest drones depend are imbricated in the workings of capital and empire.
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12

McKinnie, Shaun M. K., Eva M. Rodriguez-Lopez, John C. Vederas, Jennifer M. Crowther, Hironori Suzuki, Renwick C. J. Dobson, Thomas Leustek, Alexander J. Triassi, Matthew S. Wheatley, and André O. Hudson. "Differential response of orthologous l,l-diaminopimelate aminotransferases (DapL) to enzyme inhibitory antibiotic lead compounds." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 1 (January 2014): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.055.

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13

Cook, Michelle, and Hugh MacMillan. "Faire parler l�argent quand les banques se paient de mots�: les le�ons de Defund DAPL." Mouvements 97, no. 1 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mouv.097.0044.

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14

Martini, Michele. "Topological and networked visibility: Politics of seeing in the digital age." Semiotica 2019, no. 231 (November 26, 2019): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0139.

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Abstract Today, the convergence of video-based Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) is challenging centralized control over cultural topologies. Accordingly, this paper proposes a theoretical prism for the analysis of the sociopolitical impact of online audio-visual communication. More precisely, this study discusses how topological visibility (i.e. culture-based, highly centralized and spatially organized visibility structures) and networked visibility (i.e. occurrence-based, decentralized and network organized visibility structures) interact in today’s digital landscape. To this aim, four examples divided into two clusters will be discussed. The first cluster (i.e. Occupy Movement and BlackBerry Riots) will describe the functioning of topological visibility, while the second cluster (i.e. NO DAPL drone activism and Aleppo residents’ live-streaming) will illustrate how technology-enhanced mediability may create networked spaces of appearance. The paper concludes by arguing that networked visibility does not neutralize the relational nature of the human gaze but rather forces and expands the culturally-defined boundaries of its legitimate social existence.
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15

Hoover, Elizabeth. "“Fires were lit inside them”." Review of International American Studies 12, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.7391.

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The language of fire has sometimes been used in illustrative ways to describe how social movements spark, flare, and sometimes sputter out. Building on recent scholarship about protest camps, as well as borrowing language from environmental historians about fire behavior, this article draws from ethnographic research to describe the pyropolitics of the Indigenous-led anti-pipeline movement at Standing Rock—examining how fire was used as analogy and in material ways to support and drive the movement to protect water from industrial capitalism. Describing ceremonial fires, social fires, home fires, cooking fires, and fires lit in protest on the front line, this article details how fire was put to work in myriad ways in order to support the movement against the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL), and ensure social order and physical survival at the camps built to house supporters of the movement. This article concludes with descriptions of how these sparks ignited at Standing Rock followed activists home to their own communities, to other struggles that have been taken up to resist pipelines, the contamination of water, and the appropriation of Indigenous land.
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Yang, Soo-Jin, Cynthia C. Nast, Nagendra N. Mishra, Michael R. Yeaman, Paul D. Fey, and Arnold S. Bayer. "Cell Wall Thickening Is Not a Universal Accompaniment of the Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus: Evidence for Multiple Resistance Mechanisms." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 8 (May 24, 2010): 3079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00122-10.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism(s) of daptomycin (DAP) resistance (DAPr) is incompletely defined. Thickened cell walls (CWs) acting as either a mechanical barrier or an affinity trap for DAP have been purported to be a major contributor to the DAPr phenotype. To this end, we studied an isogenic set of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (pulsotype USA 300) from the bloodstream of a DAP-treated patient with endocarditis in which serial strains exhibited increasing DAPr. Of interest, the DAPr isolate differed from its parental strain in several parameters, including acquisition of a point mutation within the putative synthase domain of the mprF gene in association with enhanced mprF expression, increased synthesis of lysyl-phosphotidylglycerol, an enhanced positive envelope charge, and reduced DAP surface binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed no significant increases in CW thickness in the two DAPr isolates (MRSA 11/21 and REF2145) compared with that in the DAP-susceptible (DAPs) parental strain, MRSA 11/11. The rates of Triton X-100-induced autolysis were also identical for the strain set. Furthermore, among six additional clinically isolated DAPs/DAPr S. aureus strain pairs, only three DAPr isolates exhibited CWs significantly thicker than those of the respective DAPs parent. These data confirm that CW thickening is neither universal to DAPr S. aureus nor sufficient to yield the DAPr phenotype among S. aureus strains.
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Yang, Soo-Jin, Yan Q. Xiong, Susan Boyle-Vavra, Robert Daum, Tiffanny Jones, and Arnold S. Bayer. "Daptomycin-Oxacillin Combinations in Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Evolving Oxacillin Susceptibility (the “Seesaw Effect”)." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 8 (June 14, 2010): 3161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00487-10.

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ABSTRACT In vivo development of daptomycin resistance (DAPr) among Staphylococcus aureus strains, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, in conjunction with clinical treatment failures, has emerged as a major problem. This has raised the question of DAP-based combination regimens to enhance efficacy against such strains. We studied five recent DAP-susceptible (DAPs)/DAPr clinical MRSA strain pairs obtained from patients who failed DAP monotherapy regimens, as well as one DAPs/DAPr MRSA strain pair in which the resistant strain was generated by in vitro passage in DAP. Of note, we identified a DAP-oxacillin (OX) “seesaw” phenomenon in vitro in which development of DAPr was accompanied by a concomitant fall in OX resistance, as demonstrated by 3- to 4-fold decreases in the OX MIC, a susceptibility shift by population analyses, and enhanced early killing by OX in time-kill assays. In addition, the combination of DAP and OX exerted modest improvement in in vitro bactericidal effects. Using an experimental model of infective endocarditis and two DAPs/DAPr strain pairs, we demonstrated that (i) OX monotherapy was ineffective at clearing DAPr strains from any target tissue in this model (heart valve, kidneys, or spleen) and (ii) DAP-OX combination therapy was highly effective in DAPr strain clearances from these organs. The mechanism(s) of the seesaw effect remains to be defined but does not appear to involve excision of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) that carries mecA.
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Beltrame, Rafael, Dilson Antônio Bisognin, Bruno Dufau Mattos, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, Clovis Roberto Haselein, Darci Alberto Gatto, and Gleison Augusto dos Santos. "Desempenho silvicultural e seleção precoce de clones de híbridos de eucalipto." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 6 (June 2012): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000600009.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética e o desempenho silvicultural de clones de híbridos interespecíficos de Eucalyptus urophylla, E. globulus, E. maidenii, E. saligna, E. grandis, E. pellita, E. resinifera, E. kirtoniana e E. dunnii, e determinar a viabilidade da seleção precoce em selecionar clones superiores. Os diâmetros do tronco à altura do peito aos três (DAP3) e sete (DAP7) anos de idade e a altura total das árvores aos sete anos de idade foram mensurados. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 138 clones, 10 repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e agrupados pelo método das k-médias, tendo-se realizado a comparação de médias e determinado a correlação de Pearson (r) entre as variáveis avaliadas. A validação do agrupamento foi realizada por meio de análise de variância e do teste de Tukey. Os clones de híbridos interespecíficos de Eucalyptus apresentaram variabilidade genética. Foram estabelecidos cinco grupos de clones com base no desempenho silvicultural (DAP3, DAP7 e altura). O DAP3 é altamente correlacionado ao DAP7 e à altura aos sete anos de idade. A seleção com base no DAP3 pode ser utilizada para identificar clones superiores de Eucalyptus com grande vigor de crescimento.
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Cremer, Josef, Lothar Eggeling, and Hermann Sahm. "Cloning the dapA dapB cluster of the lysine-secreting bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 220, no. 3 (February 1990): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00391757.

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20

SUI, LAIJIAN, LIN YE, ANDREW J. SANDERS, YIMING YANG, CHUNYI HAO, RACHEL HARGEST, and WEN G. JIANG. "Expression of Death Associated Proteins DAP1 and DAP3 in Human Pancreatic Cancer." Anticancer Research 41, no. 5 (May 2021): 2357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.15010.

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21

Draper, Grenville, Stephen Phipps, and Steven Edelman. "Deformation and plate tectonics." Geology 16, no. 3 (1988): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0282:dapl>2.3.co;2.

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22

Janowski, Robert, Georgia Kefala, and Manfred S. Weiss. "The structure of dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DapB) fromMycobacterium tuberculosisin three crystal forms." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 66, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444909043960.

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Dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHDPR, DapB) is an enzyme that belongs to the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway. DHDPR reduces the α,β-unsaturated cyclic imine 2,3-dihydrodipicolinic acid to yield the compound 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinic acid in a pyridine nucleotide-dependent reaction. The substrate of this reaction is the unstable product of the preceding enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS, DapA). Here, the structure of apo-DHDPR fromMycobacterium tuberculosisis reported in two orthorhombic crystal forms, as well as the structure of DHDPR fromM. tuberculosisin complex with NADH in a monoclinic crystal form. A comparison of the results with previously solved structures of this enzyme shows that DHDPR undergoes a major conformational change upon binding of its cofactor. This conformational change can be interpreted as one of the low-frequency normal modes of the structure.
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23

Phuong, Dang Ngoc, Ngo Kim Chi, Tran Dai Lam, Chu Quang Truyen, Tran Trung Kien, and Dang Thi Dinh. "PURIFICATION OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM FOR USE AS CEMENT RETARDER BY SULPHURIC ACID TREATMENT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 3A (May 25, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/3a/14246.

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Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the wet phosphoric acid production. In this study, chemical compositions of phosphogypsum waste (PG) in Hai Phong diammonium phosphate plant (DAP1) and Lao Cai diammonium phosphate plant (DAP2) in Vietnam were surveyed for the purpose of gypsum recovery by P2O5, F removal to meet TCVN11833 for use treated gypsum as cement retarder. Studies of impurities P2O5, F, TOC removal by sulfuric acid 10 % at 28 0C was presented. The results found that the combination of a low concentration of sulfuric acid treatment, washing, lime neutralizing, and thermal treatment was successful in Phoshogypsum treatment for use as cement retarder. The cement test proved that treated PG could partially replace natural gypsum as a retarder.Keywords: phosphogypsum treatment, phosphorus pentoxide removal, calcium sulfate transition phase, cement retarder.
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García-Rodríguez, Fernando M., Sanae Zekri, and Nicolás Toro. "Characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti genes encoding a functional dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dapA) and dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dapB)." Archives of Microbiology 173, no. 5-6 (May 5, 2000): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030000169.

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25

Wazir, U., Z. S. Khanzada, W. G. Jiang, A. K. Sharma, A. Kasem, and K. Mokbel. "173. Evidence suggestive of interactions between DAP1 and DAP3 in the context of human breast cancer." European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 40, no. 11 (November 2014): S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2014.08.168.

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26

Jakobsen, ï¿½yvind M., Trygve Brautaset, Kristin F. Degnes, Tonje M. B. Heggeset, Simone Balzer, Michael C. Flickinger, Svein Valla, and Trond E. Ellingsen. "Overexpression of Wild-Type Aspartokinase Increases l-Lysine Production in the Thermotolerant Methylotrophic Bacterium Bacillus methanolicus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (December 5, 2008): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01176-08.

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ABSTRACT Aspartokinase (AK) controls the carbon flow into the aspartate pathway for the biosynthesis of the amino acids l-methionine, l-threonine, l-isoleucine, and l-lysine. We report here the cloning of four genes (asd, encoding aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase; dapA, encoding dihydrodipicolinate synthase; dapG, encoding AKI; and yclM, encoding AKIII) of the aspartate pathway in Bacillus methanolicus MGA3. Together with the known AKII gene lysC, dapG and yclM form a set of three AK genes in this organism. Overexpression of dapG, lysC, and yclM increased l-lysine production in wild-type B. methanolicus strain MGA3 2-, 10-, and 60-fold (corresponding to 11 g/liter), respectively, without negatively affecting the specific growth rate. The production levels of l-methionine (less than 0.5 g/liter) and l-threonine (less than 0.1 g/liter) were low in all recombinant strains. The AK proteins were purified, and biochemical analyses demonstrated that they have similar V max values (between 47 and 58 μmol/min/mg protein) and Km values for l-aspartate (between 1.9 and 5.0 mM). AKI and AKII were allosterically inhibited by meso-diaminopimelate (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 0.1 mM) and by l-lysine (IC50, 0.3 mM), respectively. AKIII was inhibited by l-threonine (IC50, 4 mM) and by l-lysine (IC50, 5 mM), and this enzyme was synergistically inhibited in the presence of both of these amino acids at low concentrations. The correlation between the impact on l-lysine production in vivo and the biochemical properties in vitro of the individual AK proteins is discussed. This is the first example of improving l-lysine production by metabolic engineering of B. methanolicus and also the first documentation of considerably increasing l-lysine production by overexpression of a wild-type AK.
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Wabeke, K. B. "Gebitsslijtage: Ik Dahl. Dahl jij?" TandartsPraktijk 30, no. 10 (October 2009): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03081012.

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28

Amhlaigh, Dónall Mac. "Daol." Comhar 46, no. 12 (1987): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20556398.

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Kfir, Shaul, and Camille Fournier. "DAML." Communications of the ACM 62, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3343046.

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30

Zhao, Ping, Jiaxin Sun, and Guanglin Zhang. "DAML." ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 16, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3404192.

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31

Furman, P. A., D. Cleary, L. C. Trost, J. W. Bigley, and G. R. Painter. "DAPD." Drugs of the Future 25, no. 5 (2000): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2000.025.05.574707.

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32

Xu, Yi, Yimin Shen, Delong Chen, Pengfei Zhao, and Jun Jiang. "Efficacy and Safety of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2021 (May 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9934535.

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Introduction. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dual antiplatelet therapies (DAPTs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DESs). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing longer-term (>12 months) DAPT (L-DAPT), 12-month DAPT (DAPT 12Mo), 6-month DAPT (DAPT 6Mo), 3-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy (DAPT 3Mo + ASA), 3-month DAPT followed by a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor monotherapy (DAPT 3Mo + P2Y12), or 1-month DAPT with a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor monotherapy (DAPT 1Mo + P2Y12) were searched. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), major bleeding, any bleeding, definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST), and net adverse clinical events (NACE). This Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed with the random-effects model. Results. Twenty-four RCTs (n = 81339) were included. In comparison with L-DAPT, DAPT 6Mo (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29–0.83), DAPT 3Mo + P2Y12 (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.82), DAPT 3Mo + ASA (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.17–0.98), and DAPT 1Mo + P2Y12 (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.14–0.93) were associated with a lower risk of major bleeding. DAPT 3Mo + P2Y12 (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38–0.88) reduced the risk of any bleeding when compared with DAPT 12Mo. L-DAPT decreased the risk of MI and definite or probable stent ST when compared with DAPT 6Mo. DAPT 3Mo + P2Y12 decreased the risk of NACE in comparison with DAPT 6Mo and DAPT 12Mo. No significant difference in all-cause mortality and cardiac death was observed. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, DAPT 6Mo was comparable to DAPT 12Mo. Conclusion. Short-term (1–3 months) DAPT is noninferior to DAPT 6Mo after DESs implantation, while L-DAPT reduces MI and definite or probable ST rates. DAPT 3Mo + P2Y12 might be a reasonable trade-off in patients with high risk of bleeding accompanied by ischemia.
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Altoe, Marcelo Soares, João Marcelo Soares Pereira, Samuel Assis Silva, and Julião Soares de Souza Lima. "MÉTODO DE INTERPOLAÇÃO COKRIGAGEM NA ESTIMATIVA DO DAP DA SERINGUEIRA." Revista Univap 22, no. 40 (April 4, 2017): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v22i40.1461.

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Este trabalho foi realizado na cultura da seringueira avaliando o DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito) e DBT (diâmetro da base do tronco) das árvores (clone Fx 3864), coletados aos trinta e aos quarenta e dois meses após plantio das mudas. O objetivo foi estudar a variabilidade espacial destas variáveis e utilizar o DBT como covariável para estimar por cokrigagem o DAP nas duas medições. A seringueira foi plantada no espaçamento 3x7m. Na área foi demarcada uma malha amostral com 200 plantas, sendo cada ponto amostral no espaçamento 6x7 m. Nas duas medições obteve-se o DAP1 de 4,40 cm, o DBT1 de 5,61 cm, o DAP2 de 5,38 cm e o DBT2 de 6,64 cm, respectivamente. As variáveis apresentaram forte grau de dependência espacial, com ajustes dos semivariogramas ao modelo exponencial aos trinta meses e o esférico aos quarenta e dois meses, apresentando o mesmo padrão de distribuição espacial em cada medição, com alcances variando de 9,0 a 12,0 m. Os mapas construídos por krigagem e cokrigagem apresentaram forte similaridade para as duas variáveis na área, em cada medição.
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Omelon, Sidney, John Georgiou, and Wouter Habraken. "A cautionary (spectral) tail: red-shifted fluorescence by DAPI–DAPI interactions." Biochemical Society Transactions 44, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20150231.

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The fluorescent dye DAPI is useful for its association with and consequent amplification of an ∼460 nm emission maximum upon binding to dsDNA. Labelling with higher DAPI concentrations is a technique used to reveal Pi polymers [polyphosphate (polyP)], with a red-shift to ∼520–550 nm fluorescence emission. DAPI–polyP emissions of ∼580 nm are also generated upon 415 nm excitation. Red-shifted DAPI emission has been associated with polyP and RNA and has more recently been reported with polyadenylic acid (polyA), specific inositol phosphates (IPs) and heparin. We find that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) also demonstrates red-shifted DAPI emission at high DAPI concentrations. This DAPI spectral shift has been attributed to DAPI–DAPI electrostatic interactions enabled by molecules with high negative charge density that increase the local DAPI concentration and favour DAPI molecular proximity, as observed by increasing the dye/phosphate ratio. Excitation of dry DAPI (∼360 nm) confirmed a red-shifted DAPI emission. Whereas enzymatic approaches to modify substrates can help define the nature of DAPI fluorescence signals, multiple approaches beyond red-shifted DAPI excitation/emission are advised before conclusions are drawn about DAPI substrate identification.
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Ki, You-Jeong, Jeehoon Kang, Jiesuck Park, Jung-Kyu Han, Han-Mo Yang, Kyung Woo Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, and Hyo-Soo Kim. "Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term and Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Comparison between Asians and Non-Asians." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030652.

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While dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is essential after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the optimal duration is affected by various factors. However, the effect of ethnicity on DAPT duration has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the different effect of DAPT duration by ethnicity. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, and relevant websites to search for randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing the clinical impact of long term DAPT (L-DAPT) and short term DAPT (S-DAPT). Studies were divided by ethnicity, and we compared the efficacy and safety of DAPT duration in each ethnic group. Thirteen RCTs including 38,255 patients (five East Asian studies and eight non–East Asian studies) were eligible for analysis. For the primary outcome, L-DAPT showed a significantly lower rate of primary outcome only in non–East Asians (S-DAPT vs. L-DAPT, odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.32, p = 0.02), while in East Asians, the effect of S-DAPT and L-DAPT were comparable. S-DAPT significantly increased ischemic events only in non–East Asians (S-DAPT vs. L-DAPT, OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.42, p <0.01), while bleeding events were decreased by S-DAPT in both ethnicities. These results demonstrate that the adequate DAPT duration after PCI may be different in East Asians.
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Reddy, R. S., C. Baylis, and T. A. Kotchen. "Hemodynamic responses to acute volume expansion in Dahl salt-sensitive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): R32—R38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.1.r32.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic responses to acute volume expansion in chronically instrumented, conscious Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) and Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl-R) rats that have been maintained on either 0.45% NaCl, 1% NaCl, or 7% NaCl (5 days) intakes. Total peripheral resistance (TPR), but not arterial pressure, was increased by 5 days of 7% NaCl in Dahl-S (P less than 0.05) but not in Dahl-R. In Dahl-S, but not in Dahl-R, right atrial pressure increased with increasing dietary NaCl (P less than 0.05). On the 0.45% NaCl intake, atrial pressure did not differ in the two strains, whereas on both the 1 and 7% NaCl diets atrial pressure was higher in Dahl-S than in Dahl-R (P less than 0.05). In response to acute extracellular fluid volume expansion, arterial pressure did not change, and cardiac output increased in Dahl-S and in Dahl-R. On the 0.45% NaCl intake, TPR decreased (P less than 0.01) similarly in response to volume expansion in both strains; however, on the 1% NaCl intake TPR decreased in Dahl-R (P less than 0.05) but not in Dahl-S. In contrast, in animals fed 7% NaCl for 5 days, TPR decreased acutely in Dahl-S (P less than 0.01) but not in Dahl-R. These observations suggest that cardiopulmonary baroreflex activity is impaired in Dahl-S on a 1% NaCl intake, possibly as a consequence of elevated right atrial pressure. This alteration of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex may contribute to increased TPR in Dahl-S on a high-NaCl intake.
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37

Ren, YiLin, Martin A. D'Ambrosio, Jeffrey L. Garvin, Edward L. Peterson, and Oscar A. Carretero. "Mechanism of impaired afferent arteriole myogenic response in Dahl salt-sensitive rats: role of 20-HETE." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 307, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): F533—F538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00283.2014.

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The afferent arteriole (Af-Art) controls glomerular capillary pressure, an important determinant of glomerular injury. Af-Art myogenic response is mediated by ATP, and ATP signaling is in turn mediated by 20-HETE. Dahl salt-sensitive rats (Dahl SS) have decreased renal 20-HETE production. We hypothesized that Dahl SS have an impaired myogenic response and constrictor response to ATP, due to decreased 20-HETE. Af-Arts from Dahl SS or Dahl salt-resistant rats (Dahl SR) were microdissected and perfused. When myogenic response was induced by increasing Af-Art perfusion pressure from 60 to 140 mmHg, luminal Af-Art diameter decreased in Dahl SR but not in Dahl SS (−3.1 ± 0.8 vs. 0.5 ± 0.8 μm, P < 0.01). The 20-HETE antagonist 20-HEDE (10−6 M) blocked the myogenic response in Dahl SR but had no effect in Dahl SS. Addition of a subconstrictor concentration of 20-HETE (but not a subconstrictor concentration of norepinephrine) restored the myogenic response in Dahl SS. We then perfused Af-Arts at 60 mmHg and tested the effects of the ATP analog α,β-methylene-ATP (10−6 M). Maximum ATP-induced constriction was attenuated in Dahl SS compared with Dahl SR (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 7.4 ± 0.8 μm, P < 0.001). 20-HEDE attenuated ATP-induced Af-Art constriction in Dahl SR but not in Dahl SS, and consequently, ATP-induced constriction was no longer different between strains. In conclusion, Dahl SS have an impaired myogenic response and ATP-induced Af-Art constriction due to a decrease in Af-Art 20-HETE. The impaired myogenic responses may contribute to the nephrosclerosis that develops in Dahl SS.
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38

Laredo, Viviana, Carlos Sostres, Sandra García, Patricia Carrera-Lasfuentes, Pablo Revilla-Marti, and Ángel Lanas. "No Differences in Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk among Clopidogrel-, Ticagrelor-, or Prasugrel-Based Dual Antiplatelet Therapy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051526.

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The risk for gastrointestinal bleeding from dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with new antiplatelets (prasugrel/ticagrelor) compared to clopidogrel is unclear. Aim: To determine the risk and type of major (gastrointestinal bleeding requiring hospitalization) and minor (anemia and iron deficiency) gastrointestinal events with different types of DAPT. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of patients who started DAPT after percutaneous coronary intervention. Follow-up was censored after 12 months of DAPT, when a major gastrointestinal event occurred, or when DAPT was discontinued. Results: Among 1,327 patients (54.03% were treated with clopidogrel-based DAPT, 38.13% with ticagrelor-based DAPT, and 7.84% with prasugrel-based DAPT), 29.5% had at least one gastrointestinal event. Patients taking clopidogrel-DAPT were older, with more comorbidities, and higher gastrointestinal risk compared to those taking other DAPT regimens. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) showed no between-group differences in the risk for major (clopidogrel vs. new antiplatelets: HR 0.996; 95% confidence interval 0.497–1.996) and minor (HR 0.920; 0.712–1.189) gastrointestinal events. Most patients received proton pump inhibitors while on DAPT (93.3%) and after withdrawal (83.2%). Conclusion: Prasugrel- or ticagrelor-based DAPT was not associated with increased gastrointestinal bleeding risk when compared to clopidogrel-DAPT. New antiplatelets do not necessarily need to be restricted to patients with low gastrointestinal risk.
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39

Liu, Wei-Liang, Hung-Chih Yang, Ching-Sheng Hsu, Chih-Chiang Wang, Tzu-San Wang, Jia-Horng Kao, and Ding-Shinn Chen. "Pegylated IFN-α suppresses hepatitis C virus by promoting the DAPK-mTOR pathway." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (December 6, 2016): 14799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618517114.

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Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) has been found to be induced by IFN, but its antiviral activity remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether DAPK plays a role in the pegylated IFN-α (peg-IFN-α)–induced antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Primary human hepatocytes, Huh-7, and infectious HCV cell culture were used to study the relationship between peg-IFN-α and the DAPK-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. The activation of DAPK and signaling pathways were determined using immunoblotting. By silencing DAPK and mTOR, we further assessed the role of DAPK and mTOR in the peg-IFN-α–induced suppression of HCV replication. Peg-IFN-α up-regulated the expression of DAPK and mTOR, which was associated with the suppression of HCV replication. Overexpression of DAPK enhanced mTOR expression and then inhibited HCV replication. In addition, knockdown of DAPK reduced the expression of mTOR in peg-IFN-α–treated cells, whereas silencing of mTOR had no effect on DAPK expression, suggesting mTOR may be a downstream effector of DAPK. More importantly, knockdown of DAPK or mTOR significantly mitigated the inhibitory effects of peg-IFN-α on HCV replication. In conclusion, our data suggest that the DAPK-mTOR pathway is critical for anti-HCV effects of peg-IFN-α.
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40

Harada, Yukinori, Jonathan Michel, Raphaela Lohaus, Katharina Mayer, Roberto Emmer, Anna Lena Lahmann, Roisin Colleran, et al. "Validation of the DAPT score in patients randomized to 6 or 12 months clopidogrel after predominantly second-generation drug-eluting stents." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 117, no. 10 (2017): 1989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th17-02-0101.

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SummaryThe DAPT score is a recently-proposed decision tool for guiding optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). It showed modest accuracy in prior derivation and validation cohorts of patients with ≥12 months DAPT. This study was aimed to evaluate the validity of the DAPT score in a cohort of patients with 6 or 12 months DAPT after implantation of predominantly second-generation drug-eluting stents. We analyzed data of patients enrolled in the ISAR-SAFE trial. Patients were classified into low (<2) or high (≥2) DAPT score groups. Primary ischaemic (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis or stroke) and bleeding (TIMI major or minor) outcomes were analyzed in the low and high DAPT score groups. Data of 3976 patients were available for DAPT score calculation. 2407 patients (60.5%) were classified in the low DAPT score group and 1569 patients (39.5%) in the high DAPT score group. In the low DAPT score group there were no significant differences between 6 and 12 months DAPT regarding ischaemic (1.0% vs. 1.4%, HR=0.74, 95% CI, 0.35–1.57; p=0.43) or bleeding outcomes (0.3% vs. 0.8%, HR=0.44, 95% CI, 0.13–1.42; p=0.17). In the high DAPT score group there were also no significant differences between 6 and 12 months DAPT regarding ischaemic (1.9% vs. 1.8%, HR=1.02, 95% CI, 0.49–2.14; p=0.96) or bleeding (0.3% vs. 0.5%, HR=0.51, 95% CI, 0.09–2.78; p=0.44) outcomes. In conclusion, the DAPT score failed to show a differential treatment effect in patients receiving 6 or 12 months DAPT after contemporary drug-eluting stent implantation.
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Yang, Soo-Jin, Nagendra N. Mishra, Aileen Rubio, and Arnold S. Bayer. "Causal Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within themprFGene of Staphylococcus aureus in Daptomycin Resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 11 (September 3, 2013): 5658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01184-13.

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ABSTRACTSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within themprFopen reading frame (ORF) have been commonly observed in daptomycin-resistant (DAPr)Staphylococcus aureusstrains. Such SNPs are usually associated with a gain-in-function phenotype, in terms of either increased synthesis or enhanced translocation (flipping) of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG). However, it is unclear if suchmprFSNPs are causal in DAPrstrains or are merely a biomarker for this phenotype. In this study, we used an isogenic set ofS. aureusstrains: (i) Newman, (ii) its isogenic ΔmprFmutant, and (iii) several intransplasmid complementation constructs, expressing either a wild-type or point-mutated form of themprFORF cloned from two isogenic DAP-susceptible (DAPs)-DAPrstrain pairs (616-701 and MRSA11/11-REF2145). Complementation of the ΔmprFstrain with singly point-mutatedmprFgenes (mprFS295LormprFT345A) revealed that (i) individual and distinct point mutations within themprFORF can recapitulate phenotypes observed in donor strains (i.e., changes in DAP MICs, positive surface charge, and cell membrane phospholipid profiles) and (ii) these gain-in-function SNPs (i.e., enhanced L-PG synthesis) likely promote reduced DAP binding toS. aureusby a charge repulsion mechanism. Thus, for these two DAPrstrains, the definedmprFSNPs appear to be causally related to this phenotype.
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Kuo, Jean-Cheng, Won-Jing Wang, Chung-Chen Yao, Pei-Rung Wu, and Ruey-Hwa Chen. "The tumor suppressor DAPK inhibits cell motility by blocking the integrin-mediated polarity pathway." Journal of Cell Biology 172, no. 4 (February 13, 2006): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200505138.

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Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine kinase and possesses apoptotic and tumor-suppressive functions. However, it is unclear whether DAPK elicits apoptosis-independent activity to suppress tumor progression. We show that DAPK inhibits random migration by reducing directional persistence and directed migration by blocking cell polarization. These effects are mainly mediated by an inhibitory role of DAPK in talin head domain association with integrin, thereby suppressing the integrin–Cdc42 polarity pathway. We present evidence indicating that the antimigratory effect of DAPK represents a mechanism through which DAPK suppresses tumors. First, DAPK can block migration and invasion in certain tumor cells that are resistant to DAPK-induced apoptosis. Second, using an adenocarcinoma cell line and its highly invasive derivative, we demonstrate DAPK level as a determining factor in tumor invasiveness. Collectively, our study identifies a novel function of DAPK in regulating cell polarity during migration, which may act together with its apoptotic function to suppress tumor progression.
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43

Khan, Safi U., Maninder Singh, Shahul Valavoor, Muhammad U. Khan, Ahmad N. Lone, Muhammad Zia Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, et al. "Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Drug-Eluting Stents." Circulation 142, no. 15 (October 13, 2020): 1425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.046308.

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Background: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents remains uncertain. We compared short-term (<6-month) DAPT followed by aspirin or P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy; midterm (6-month) DAPT; 12-month DAPT; and extended-term (>12-month) DAPT after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents. Methods: Twenty-four randomized, controlled trials were selected using Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and online databases through September 2019. The coprimary end points were myocardial infarction and major bleeding, which constituted the net clinical benefit. A frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effects model. Results: In 79 073 patients, at a median follow-up of 18 months, extended-term DAPT was associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in comparison with 12-month DAPT (absolute risk difference, –3.8 incident cases per 1000 person-years; relative risk, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54–0.87]), midterm DAPT (absolute risk difference, –4.6 incident cases per 1000 person-years; relative risk, 0.61 [0.45–0.83]), and short-term DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy (absolute risk difference, –6.1 incident cases per 1000 person-years; relative risk, 0.55 [0.37–0.83]), or P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy (absolute risk difference, –3.7 incident cases per 1000 person-years; relative risk, 0.69 [0.51–0.95]). Conversely, extended-term DAPT was associated with a higher risk of major bleeding than all other DAPT groups. In comparison with 12-month DAPT, no significant differences in the risks of ischemic end points or major bleeding were observed with midterm or short-term DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy, with the exception that short-term DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding. There were no significant differences with respect to mortality between the different DAPT strategies. In acute coronary syndrome, extended-term in comparison with 12-month DAPT was associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction without a significant increase in the risk of major bleeding. Conclusions: The present network meta-analysis suggests that, in comparison with 12-month DAPT, short-term DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy reduces major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents, whereas extended-term DAPT reduces myocardial infarction at the expense of more bleeding events.
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44

Bittl, John A., Yulei He, and Sanjay Kaul. "DAPT rules." EuroIntervention 13, no. 16 (March 2018): 1864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eijv13i16a303.

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45

KARACA, Özkan, Mehdi KARASU, A. KOBAT Mehmet, and Tarık KIVRAK. "Dapt Review." Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jccm.1001088.

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46

Gráinne, Diarmaid Ó. "An Dall." Comhar 50, no. 1 (1991): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25571404.

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47

Van der Merwe, C. P. "Des Dall." South African Medical Journal 100, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.4583.

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48

Johnsen, Kjell. "Odd Dahl." Physics Today 48, no. 4 (April 1995): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807996.

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49

Özcelik, C. "DAPT-Studie." Der Kardiologe 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12181-014-0643-3.

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50

Cherney, David Z. I., and Subodh Verma. "DAPA-CKD." JACC: Basic to Translational Science 6, no. 1 (January 2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.10.005.

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