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1
Lai, Xuelei, Arnaud Stigliani, Jérémy Lucas, Véronique Hugouvieux, François Parcy, and Chloe Zubieta. "Genome-wide binding of SEPALLATA3 and AGAMOUS complexes determined by sequential DNA-affinity purification sequencing." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 17 (September 5, 2020): 9637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa729.
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Abstract The MADS transcription factors (TF), SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) and AGAMOUS (AG) are required for floral organ identity and floral meristem determinacy. While dimerization is obligatory for DNA binding, SEP3 and SEP3–AG also form tetrameric complexes. How homo and hetero-dimerization and tetramerization of MADS TFs affect genome-wide DNA-binding and gene regulation is not known. Using sequential DNA affinity purification sequencing (seq-DAP-seq), we determined genome-wide binding of SEP3 homomeric and SEP3–AG heteromeric complexes, including SEP3Δtet-AG, a complex with a SEP3 splice variant, SEP3Δtet, which is largely dimeric and SEP3–AG tetramer. SEP3 and SEP3–AG share numerous bound regions, however each complex bound unique sites, demonstrating that protein identity plays a role in DNA-binding. SEP3–AG and SEP3Δtet-AG share a similar genome-wide binding pattern; however the tetrameric form could access new sites and demonstrated a global increase in DNA-binding affinity. Tetramerization exhibited significant cooperative binding with preferential distances between two sites, allowing efficient binding to regions that are poorly recognized by dimeric SEP3Δtet-AG. By intersecting seq-DAP-seq with ChIP-seq and expression data, we identified unique target genes bound either in SEP3–AG seq-DAP-seq or in SEP3/AG ChIP-seq. Seq-DAP-seq is a versatile genome-wide technique and complements in vivo methods to identify putative direct regulatory targets.
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Wang, Wei, Yi Dai, Mingchun Wang, Wenpeng Yang, and Degang Zhao. "Transcriptome Dynamics of Double Recessive Mutant, o2o2o16o16, Reveals the Transcriptional Mechanisms in the Increase of Its Lysine and Tryptophan Content in Maize." Genes 10, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040316.
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In maize, pyramiding of o2 and o16 alleles can greatly improve the nutritional quality of grains. To dissect its molecular mechanism, we created a double recessive mutant line, o2o2o16o16, by introgression of the o2 and o16 alleles into the wild-type maize inbred line, by molecular marker-assisted backcross selection. The kernels (18 day after pollination (DAP), 28 DAP, and 38 DAP) of the o2o2o16o16 mutant and its parent lines were subject to RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 59 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in lysine metabolism and 43 DEGs were involved in tryptophan metabolism. Among them, the genes encoding AK, ASADH, and Dap-F in the lysine synthesis pathway were upregulated at different stages of endosperm development, promoting the synthesis of lysine. Meanwhile, the genes encoding LKR/SDH and L-PO in the lysine degradation pathway were downregulated, inhibiting the degradation of lysine. Moreover, the genes encoding TAA and YUC in the tryptophan metabolic pathway were downregulated, restraining the degradation of tryptophan. Thus, pyramiding o2 and o16 alleles could increase the lysine and tryptophan content in maize. These above results would help to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in the increase in lysine and the tryptophan content, through the introgression of o2 and o16 alleles into the wild-type maize.
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Pan, Xiaoying, Wei Yan, Zhenyi Chang, Yingchao Xu, Ming Luo, Chunjue Xu, Zhufeng Chen, Jianxin Wu, and Xiaoyan Tang. "OsMYB80 Regulates Anther Development and Pollen Fertility by Targeting Multiple Biological Pathways." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 988–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa025.
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Abstract Pollen development is critical to the reproductive success of flowering plants, but how it is regulated is not well understood. Here, we isolated two allelic male-sterile mutants of OsMYB80 and investigated how OsMYB80 regulates male fertility in rice. OsMYB80 was barely expressed in tissues other than anthers, where it initiated the expression during meiosis, reached the peak at the tetrad-releasing stage and then quickly declined afterward. The osmyb80 mutants exhibited premature tapetum cell death, lack of Ubisch bodies, no exine and microspore degeneration. To understand how OsMYB80 regulates anther development, RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes differentially regulated by OsMYB80 in rice anthers. In addition, DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis was performed to identify DNA fragments interacting with OsMYB80 in vitro. Overlap of the genes identified by RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed 188 genes that were differentially regulated by OsMYB80 and also carried an OsMYB80-interacting DNA element in the promoter. Ten of these promoter elements were randomly selected for gel shift assay and yeast one-hybrid assay, and all showed OsMYB80 binding. The 10 promoters also showed OsMYB80-dependent induction when co-expressed in rice protoplast. Functional annotation of the 188 genes suggested that OsMYB80 regulates male fertility by directly targeting multiple biological processes. The identification of these genes significantly enriched the gene networks governing anther development and provided much new information for the understanding of pollen development and male fertility.
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Bartlett, Anna, Ronan C. O'Malley, Shao-shan Carol Huang, Mary Galli, Joseph R. Nery, Andrea Gallavotti, and Joseph R. Ecker. "Mapping genome-wide transcription-factor binding sites using DAP-seq." Nature Protocols 12, no. 8 (July 20, 2017): 1659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2017.055.
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Salemi, Rossella, Alessandra Zega, Elvira Aguglia, Flavia Lo Verde, Giuseppe Pigola, Stefania Stefani, and Viviana Cafiso. "Balancing the Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA Superbug." Antibiotics 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091159.
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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with intermediate resistance to Vancomycin (VISA) is reported worldwide. These strains frequently emerge among hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA and rarely within community-acquired (CA)-MRSA. Here, the genomic and transcriptomic adaptations distinguishing VISA daptomycin resistant (DAP-R) CA-MRSA, which emerged in a hospitalized patient under glycopeptide treatment, were explored. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing, RNA-Seq and bioinformatics were carried out. Results: Our CA-MRSA clustered in the USA400 lineage showing additional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) versus DAP and glycopeptides. Resistomics revealed adaptations related to glycopeptide, daptomycin and rifampin resistance (mprF nsSNPS and overexpression of glycopeptide and daptomycin-resistance related genes). Similar changes were detected in virulence traits (agrA HI-nsSNPs and toxin gene underexpression), in which a decrease was observed despite the abundance of virulence-related genes. Our results predicted a balance in adaptations, decreasing the virulence and biological costs to support the co-occurrence of extensive AMR in a hypervirulent genomic background. Conclusion: Our data show that VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA shifts the potential hypervirulent behavior of CA-MRSA towards the acquisition and maintenance of extensive AMR, by a decrease in virulence and biological costs mediated by a “compensatory modulatory mutation” silencing the Agr quorum-sensing cascade.
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Zhu, Cheng-Chao, Chu-Xin Wang, Chen-Ya Lu, Jin-Dong Wang, Yu Zhou, Min Xiong, Chang-Quan Zhang, Qiao-Quan Liu, and Qian-Feng Li. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of OsbZIP09 Target Genes in Rice Reveal Its Mechanism of Controlling Seed Germination." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041661.
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Seed dormancy and germination are key events in plant development and are critical for crop production, and defects in seed germination or the inappropriate release of seed dormancy cause substantial losses in crop yields. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population, and preharvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most severe problems in rice production, due to a low level of seed dormancy, especially under warm and damp conditions. Therefore, PHS leads to yield loss and a decrease in rice quality and vitality. We reveal that mutation of OsbZIP09 inhibited rice PHS. Analysis of the expression of OsbZIP09 and its encoded protein sequence and structure indicated that OsbZIP09 is a typical bZIP transcription factor that contains conserved bZIP domains, and its expression is induced by ABA. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analyses were performed and 52 key direct targets of OsbZIP09 were identified, including OsLOX2 and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) family genes, which are involved in controlling seed germination. Most of these key targets showed consistent changes in expression in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and OsbZIP09 mutation. The data characterize a number of key target genes that are directly regulated by OsbZIP09 and contribute to revealing the molecular mechanism that underlies how OsbZIP09 controls rice seed germination.
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Cao, Yingying, Haixia Zeng, Lixia Ku, Zhenzhen Ren, Yun Han, Huihui Su, Dandan Dou, et al. "ZmIBH1-1 regulates plant architecture in maize." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 10 (January 28, 2020): 2943–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa052.
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Abstract Leaf angle (LA) is a critical agronomic trait in maize, with more upright leaves allowing higher planting density, leading to more efficient light capture and higher yields. A few genes responsible for variation in LA have been identified by map-based cloning. In this study, we cloned maize ZmIBH1-1, which encodes a bHLH transcription factor with both a basic binding region and a helix-loop-helix domain, and the results of qRT-PCR showed that it is a negative regulator of LA. Histological analysis indicated that changes in LA were mainly caused by differential cell wall lignification and cell elongation in the ligular region. To determine the regulatory framework of ZmIBH1-1, we conducted RNA-seq and DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq analyses. The combined results revealed 59 ZmIBH1-1-modulated target genes with annotations, and they were mainly related to the cell wall, cell development, and hormones. Based on the data, we propose a regulatory model for the control of plant architecture by ZmIBH1-1 in maize.
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Dong, Zhicheng, Jianhui Wang, Pibiao Shi, Han Zhao, Lihua Ning, and Chushan Wu. "Mapping genome-wide binding sites of endosperm specific expression transcription factor O2 using DAP-Seq." Chinese Science Bulletin 64, no. 24 (August 1, 2019): 2537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972019-00334.
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Wang, Wei, Xiang-Dong Bai, Kun Chen, Chen-Rui Gu, Qi-Bin Yu, Jing Jiang, and Gui-Feng Liu. "Role of PsnWRKY70 in Regulatory Network Response to Infection with Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl in Populus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 7537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147537.
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WRKY is an important complex family of transcription factors involved in plant immune responses. Among them, WRKY70 plays an important role in the process of the plant defense response to the invasion of pathogens. However, the defense mechanism of PsnWRKY70 is not clear in Populus nigra. In this study, we showed that PsnWRKY70-overexpression lines (OE) had fewer leaf blight symptoms than PsnWRKY70-repressing lines (RE). PsnWRKY70 activated MAP kinase cascade genes (PsnM2K4, PsnMPK3, PsnM3K18), calcium channel proteins-related genes (PsnCNG3, PsnCNGC1, PsnCNG4), and calcium-dependent protein kinases genes (PsnCDPKL, PsnCDPKW, PsnCDPKS, PsnCDPKQ). Furthermore, 129 genes of PsnWRKY70 putative genome-wide direct targets (DTGs) were identified by using transcriptome (RNA-seq) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq). PsnWRKY70 directly binds to the promoters of homologous genes and LRR domain proteins to promote the expression of WRKY6, WRKY18, WRKY22, and WRKY22–1, LRR domain proteins LRR8, LRR-RLK, ADR1-like 2, NB-ARC, etc. Our study suggests that PsnWRKY70 enhances the resistance of A. alternata in poplar by activating genes in both pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).
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Ngo, Vu, Mengchi Wang, and Wei Wang. "Finding de novo methylated DNA motifs." Bioinformatics 35, no. 18 (February 6, 2019): 3287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz079.
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Abstract Motivation Increasing evidence has shown that nucleotide modifications such as methylation and hydroxymethylation on cytosine would greatly impact the binding of transcription factors (TFs). However, there is a lack of motif finding algorithms with the function to search for motifs with modified bases. In this study, we expand on our previous motif finding pipeline Epigram to provide systematic de novo motif discovery and performance evaluation on methylated DNA motifs. Results mEpigram outperforms both MEME and DREME on finding modified motifs in simulated data that mimics various motif enrichment scenarios. Furthermore we were able to identify methylated motifs in Arabidopsis DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) data that were previously demonstrated to contain such motifs. When applied to TF ChIP-seq and DNA methylome data in H1 and GM12878, our method successfully identified novel methylated motifs that can be recognized by the TFs or their co-factors. We also observed spacing constraint between the canonical motif of the TF and the newly discovered methylated motifs, which suggests operative recognition of these cis-elements by collaborative proteins. Availability and implementation The mEpigram program is available at http://wanglab.ucsd.edu/star/mEpigram. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Li, Hui, Yayun Wang, Qianlin Xiao, Li Luo, Chunxia Zhang, Changqing Mao, Jia Du, et al. "Transcription factor ZmPLATZ2 positively regulate the starch synthesis in maize." Plant Growth Regulation 93, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00687-0.
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AbstractMaize is one of the three major crops worldwide based on its yield and quality. Starch is crucial to both the yield and quality of maize as it accounts more than 60% of the seed weight, and its structure influences the quality of the crop. Starch synthase I (SSI) contributes to the majority of the starch synthase activity in the maize endosperm. An in-depth understanding of the starch synthesis regulatory mechanism would provide opportunities for improving the yield and quality of maize. In this study, ZmPLATZ2, a plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) transcription factor related to starch synthesis, was selected based on co-expression analysis. The semiquantitative RT-PCR and qRT-PCR assays revealed that ZmPLATZ2 had a high expression in the endosperm, and reached the peak at 12 days after pollination (DAP). Different treatments demonstrated that ZmPLATZ2 was downregulated by the presence of sucrose. Subsequent transactivation and subcellular localization analyses showed that ZmPLATZ2 was localized in the nuclei without transactivation. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression in maize endosperm indicated that ZmPLATZ2 could bind to the promoters of ZmSSI, ZmISA1, and ZmISA2 and increase their gene expression. After ZmPLATZ2 overexpression in rice, four starch synthesis genes were significantly upregulated in the transgenic plant, including the OsSSI gene. In vitro DAP-seq data showed that ZmPLATZ2 could bind to the CAAAAAAA element. In conclusion, our data support that ZmPLATZ2 binds to the CAAAAAAA element in the ZmSSI promoter and mediates the Glu signal pathway.
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Zha, Kangyong, Haoxun Xie, Min Ge, Zimeng Wang, Yu Wang, Weina Si, and Longjiang Gu. "Expression of Maize MADS Transcription Factor ZmES22 Negatively Modulates Starch Accumulation in Rice Endosperm." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030483.
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As major component in cereals grains, starch has been one of the most important carbohydrate consumed by a majority of world’s population. However, the molecular mechanism for regulation of biosynthesis of starch remains elusive. In the present study, ZmES22, encoding a MADS-type transcription factor, was modestly characterized from maize inbred line B73. ZmES22 exhibited high expression level in endosperm at 10 days after pollination (DAP) and peaked in endosperm at 20 DAP, indicating that ZmES22 was preferentially expressed in maize endosperm during active starch synthesis. Transient expression of ZmES22 in tobacco leaf revealed that ZmES22 protein located in nucleus. No transactivation activity could be detected for ZmES22 protein via yeast one-hybrid assay. Transformation of overexpressing plasmid 35S::ZmES22 into rice remarkedly reduced 1000-grain weight as well as the total starch content, while the soluble sugar was significantly higher in transgenic rice lines. Moreover, overexpressing ZmES22 reduced fractions of long branched starch. Scanning electron microscopy images of transverse sections of rice grains revealed that altered expression of ZmES22 also changed the morphology of starch granule from densely packed, polyhedral starch granules into loosely packed, spherical granules with larger spaces. Furthermore, RNA-seq results indicated that overexpressing ZmES22 could significantly influence mRNA expression levels of numerous key regulatory genes in starch synthesis pathway. Y1H assay illustrated that ZmES22 protein could bind to the promoter region of OsGIF1 and downregulate its mRNA expression during rice grain filling stages. These findings suggest that ZmES22 was a novel regulator during starch synthesis process in rice endosperm.
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He, Lei, Nan Meng, Simone D. Castellarin, Yu Wang, Qi Sun, Xiang-Yi Li, Zhi-Gang Dong, Xiao-Ping Tang, Chang-Qing Duan, and Qiu-Hong Pan. "Combined Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Norisoprenoid Responses in Grape Berries to Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031420.
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The abscisic acid (ABA) increase and auxin decline are both indicators of ripening initiation in grape berry, and norisoprenoid accumulation also starts at around the onset of ripening. However, the relationship between ABA, auxin, and norisoprenoids remains largely unknown, especially at the transcriptome level. To investigate the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the ABA and synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on norisoprenoid production, we performed time-series GC-MS and RNA-seq analyses on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from pre-veraison to ripening. Higher levels of free norisoprenoids were found in ABA-treated mature berries in two consecutive seasons, and both free and total norisoprenoids were significantly increased by NAA in one season. The expression pattern of known norisoprenoid-associated genes in all samples and the up-regulation of specific alternative splicing isoforms of VviDXS and VviCRTISO in NAA-treated berries were predicted to contribute to the norisoprenoid accumulation in ABA and NAA-treated berries. Combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis suggested that VviGATA26, and the previously identified switch genes of myb RADIALIS (VIT_207s0005g02730) and MAD-box (VIT_213s0158g00100) could be potential regulators of norisoprenoid accumulation. The positive effects of ABA on free norisoprenoids and NAA on total norisoprenoid accumulation were revealed in the commercially ripening berries. Since the endogenous ABA and auxin are sensitive to environmental factors, this finding provides new insights to develop viticultural practices for managing norisoprenoids in vineyards in response to changing climates.
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Liu, Yanfang, Xiaohong Yang, Qingmei Huang, Juxiang Qiao, and Xuhong Yang. "Regulation Mode of RaMYB1 of Ranunculus asiaticus L. in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Responding to Temperature Decrease." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2021.2145.
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Color is of great importance for the testing and breeding of plant varieties, and is known to be varied along with temperature changes. However, at the transcription level, the exact binding sites and corresponding regulation properties in the pathway of anthocyaninn biosynthesis in vivo are rarely reported. In this study, variety ‘Doppio Pandora-purple’ of Ranunculus asiaticus L. whose flower color is sensitive to the decrease in temperature was used. In the results, 27 genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were differentially expressed under cold stress, and 7 MYB genes were up-regulated; the most obviously up-regulated MYB (RaMYB1) gene belongs to R2R3-MYB type. Promoter sequences of the 27 genes were concluded from transcriptome sequences and genome walking, for the purpose of sequence alignment with ChIP-seq/DAP-seq sequences. 7 genes were determined as target genes of RaMYB1 in cold-induced transcription regulation, including 2 PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), 2 CHS (chalcone synthase), 1 F3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase), 1 DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase), 1 F3’H (flavanoid 3’-hydroxylase). ChIP-PCR indicated that, the binding of RaMYB1 to DFR can be induced by temperature decrease, while the bindings to other 6 genes were constitutive and can be strengthened at 5 °C decrease. Regulation properties of RaMYB1 to the 7 genes were determined as enhancement due to their up-regulation as well as the enhancer in C terminal of RaMYB1. Regulation mode of RaMYB1 was mapped accordingly and validated via HPLC-based anthocyanin content, gene expression level and coloration. The regulation mode can illustrate the binding sites and enhancement property of RaMYB1 in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis under cold stress. It can be applied in color-oriented temperature monitoring and in molecular breeding. The way to establishing the regulation mode may be interest for other non-model plant genera with little molecular background.
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Guo, Fengdan, Xiujin Zhu, Chuanzhi Zhao, Shuzhen Zhao, Jiaowen Pan, Yanxiu Zhao, Xingjun Wang, and Lei Hou. "Transcriptome Analysis and Gene Expression Profiling of the Peanut Small Seed Mutant Identified Genes Involved in Seed Size Control." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 9726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179726.
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Seed size is a key factor affecting crop yield and a major agronomic trait concerned in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of peanut seed size. In the present study, a peanut small seed mutant1 (ssm1) was identified through irradiating peanut cultivar Luhua11 (LH11) using 60Coγ ray. Since the globular embryo stage, the embryo size of ssm1 was significantly smaller than that of LH11. The dry seed weight of ssm1 was only 39.69% of the wild type LH14. The seeds were wrinkled with darker seed coat. The oil content of ssm1 seeds were also decreased significantly. Seeds of ssm1 and LH11 were sampled 10, 20, and 40 days after pegging (DAP) and were used for RNA-seq. The results revealed that genes involved in plant hormones and several transcription factors related to seed development were differentially expressed at all three stages, especially at DAP10 and DAP20. Genes of fatty acid biosynthesis and late embryogenesis abundant protein were significantly decreased to compare with LH11. Interestingly, the gene profiling data suggested that PKp2 and/or LEC1 could be the key candidate genes leading to the small seed phenotype of the mutant. Our results provide valuable clues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying seed size control in peanut.
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Trouillon, Julian, Lionel Imbert, Anne-Marie Villard, Thierry Vernet, Ina Attrée, and Sylvie Elsen. "Determination of the two-component systems regulatory network reveals core and accessory regulations across Pseudomonas aeruginosa lineages." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 20 (October 28, 2021): 11476–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab928.
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Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses one of the most complex bacterial regulatory networks, which largely contributes to its success as a pathogen. However, most of its transcription factors (TFs) are still uncharacterized and the potential intra-species variability in regulatory networks has been mostly ignored so far. Here, we used DAP-seq to map the genome-wide binding sites of all 55 DNA-binding two-component systems (TCSs) response regulators (RRs) across the three major P. aeruginosa lineages. The resulting networks encompass about 40% of all genes in each strain and contain numerous new regulatory interactions across most major physiological processes. Strikingly, about half of the detected targets are specific to only one or two strains, revealing a previously unknown large functional diversity of TFs within a single species. Three main mechanisms were found to drive this diversity, including differences in accessory genome content, as exemplified by the strain-specific plasmid in IHMA87 outlier strain which harbors numerous binding sites of conserved chromosomally-encoded RRs. Additionally, most RRs display potential auto-regulation or RR-RR cross-regulation, bringing to light the vast complexity of this network. Overall, we provide the first complete delineation of the TCSs regulatory network in P. aeruginosa that will represent an important resource for future studies on this pathogen.
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Wang, Na, Jin Gao, Yang Liu, Rui Shi, and Songlin Chen. "Identification of crucial factors involved in Cynoglossus semilaevis sexual size dimorphism by GWAS and demonstration of zbed1 regulatory network by DAP-seq." Genomics 114, no. 3 (May 2022): 110376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110376.
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Wu, Vincent W., Nils Thieme, Lori B. Huberman, Axel Dietschmann, David J. Kowbel, Juna Lee, Sara Calhoun, et al. "The regulatory and transcriptional landscape associated with carbon utilization in a filamentous fungus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (February 28, 2020): 6003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915611117.
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Filamentous fungi, such asNeurospora crassa, are very efficient in deconstructing plant biomass by the secretion of an arsenal of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, by remodeling metabolism to accommodate production of secreted enzymes, and by enabling transport and intracellular utilization of plant biomass components. Although a number of enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in plant biomass utilization have been identified, how filamentous fungi sense and integrate nutritional information encoded in the plant cell wall into a regulatory hierarchy for optimal utilization of complex carbon sources is not understood. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling ofN. crassaon 40 different carbon sources, including plant biomass, to provide data on how fungi sense simple to complex carbohydrates. From these data, we identified regulatory factors inN. crassaand characterized one (PDR-2) associated with pectin utilization and one with pectin/hemicellulose utilization (ARA-1). Using in vitro DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), we identified direct targets of transcription factors involved in regulating genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. In particular, our data clarified the role of the transcription factor VIB-1 in the regulation of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and nutrient scavenging and revealed a major role of the carbon catabolite repressor CRE-1 in regulating the expression of major facilitator transporter genes. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of cross talk between transcription factors and their target genes, which are involved in regulating nutrient sensing and plant biomass utilization on a global level.
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Núñez-Lillo, Gerardo, Wellasmin Pérez-Reyes, Anibal Riveros, Victoria Lillo-Carmona, Karin Rothkegel, José Miguel Álvarez, Francisca Blanco-Herrera, Romina Pedreschi, Reinaldo Campos-Vargas, and Claudio Meneses. "Transcriptome and Gene Regulatory Network Analyses Reveal New Transcription Factors in Mature Fruit Associated with Harvest Date in Prunus persica." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243473.
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Harvest date is a critical parameter for producers and consumers regarding agro-industrial performance. It involves a pleiotropic effect controlling the development of other fruit quality traits through finely controlling regulatory mechanisms. Fruit ripening is a process in which various signals and biological events co-occur and are regulated by hormone signaling that produces the accumulation/degradation of multiple compounds. However, the regulatory mechanisms that control the hormone signaling involved in fruit development and ripening are still unclear. To investigate the issue, we used individuals with early, middle and late harvest dates from a peach segregating population to identify regulatory candidate genes controlling fruit quality traits at the harvest stage and validate them in contrasting peach varieties for this trait. We identified 467 and 654 differentially expressed genes for early and late harvest through a transcriptomic approach. In addition, using the Arabidopsis DAP-seq database and network analysis, six transcription factors were selected. Our results suggest significant hormonal balance and cell wall composition/structure differences between early and late harvest samples. Thus, we propose that higher expression levels of the transcription factors HB7, ERF017 and WRKY70 in early harvest individuals would induce the expression of genes associated with the jasmonic acid pathway, photosynthesis and gibberellins inhibition. While on the other hand, the high expression levels of LHY, CDF3 and NAC083 in late harvest individuals would promote the induction of genes associated with abscisic acid biosynthesis, auxins and cell wall remodeling.
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V�lz, Ronny, Soon-Kap Kim, Jianing Mi, Kiruthiga G. Mariappan, Anna Siodmak, Salim Al-Babili, and Heribert Hirt. "A Chimeric IDD4 Repressor Constitutively Induces Immunity in Arabidopsis via the Modulation of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Homeostasis." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 7 (April 15, 2019): 1536–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz057.
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Abstract INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)/BIRD proteins belong to a highly conserved plant-specific group of transcription factors with dedicated functions in plant physiology and development. Here, we took advantage of the chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (CRES-T, SRDX) to widen our view on the role of IDD4/IMPERIAL EAGLE and IDD family members in plant immunity. The hypomorphic idd4SRDX lines are compromised in growth and show a robust autoimmune phenotype. Hormonal measurements revealed the concomitant accumulation of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid suggesting that IDDs are involved in regulating the metabolism of these biotic stress hormones. The analysis of immunity-pathways showed enhanced activation of immune MAP kinase-signaling pathways, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and spontaneous programmed cell death. The transcriptome of nonelicited idd4SRDX lines can be aligned to approximately 40% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in flg22-treated wild-type plants. The pattern of DEGs implies IDDs as pivotal repressors of flg22-dependent gene induction. Infection experiments showed the increased resistance of idd4SRDX lines to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea implying a function of IDDs in defense adaptation to hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs. Genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies (DAP-SEQ) combined with DEG analysis of idd4SRDX lines identified IDD4-regulated functional gene clusters that contribute to plant growth and development. In summary, we discovered that the expression of idd4SRDX activates a wide range of defense-related traits opening up the possibility to apply idd4SRDX as a powerful tool to stimulate innate immunity in engineered crops.
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Du, Hongyang, Lihua Ning, Bing He, Yuancong Wang, Min Ge, Jinyan Xu, and Han Zhao. "Cross-Species Root Transcriptional Network Analysis Highlights Conserved Modules in Response to Nitrate between Maize and Sorghum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041445.
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Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to respond to the fluctuation of available nitrogen (N) in soil, but the genetic mechanisms underlying the N response in crops are not well-documented. In this study, we generated a time series of NO3−-mediated transcriptional profiles in roots of maize and sorghum, respectively. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified modules of co-expressed genes that related to NO3− treatments. A cross-species comparison revealed 22 conserved modules, of which four were related to hormone signaling, suggesting that hormones participate in the early nitrate response. Three other modules are composed of genes that are mainly upregulated by NO3− and involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, including NRT, NIR, NIA, FNR, and G6PD2. Two G2-like transcription factors (ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1), induced by NO3− stimulation, were identified as hub transcription factors (TFs) in the modules. Transient assays demonstrated that ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1 are transcriptional repressors. We identified the target genes of ZmNIGT1 by DNA affinity-purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) and found that they were significantly enriched in catalytic activity, including carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrient metabolism. A set of ZmNIGT1 targets encode transcription factors (ERF, ARF, and AGL) that are involved in hormone signaling and root development. We propose that ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1 are negative regulators of nitrate responses that play an important role in optimizing nutrition metabolism and root morphogenesis. Together with conserved N responsive modules, our study indicated that, to encounter N variation in soil, maize and sorghum have evolved an NO3−-regulatory network containing a set of conserved modules and transcription factors.
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Martínez Navarro, Jorge Angel. "La competencia digital de los estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos." IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.4387.
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La investigación que se presenta es un primer acercamiento al estudio del nivel de competencia digital autopercibida de los estudiantes universitarios en el contexto latinoamericano con una muestra representativa de 5 países de la región. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado el instrumento INCOTIC adaptado para el contexto Latinoamericano.
Las variables objeto de estudio son: la alfabetización Informacional (DAI), la alfabetización tecnológica (DAT), la alfabetización multimedia (DAM) y la alfabetización comunicativa (DAC); analizando los datos por países y comparando los resultados para cada uno de ellos en función de la edad y el género.
Se detecta que el país que menor puntuación obtiene en las alfabetizaciones analizadas es Ecuador, siendo Chile y Colombia los países con mejor puntuación. Además, se observan interesantes diferencias al profundizar por género y edad en cada alfabetización. En concreto, la DAI más alta se da en el rango de edad entre los 24-31 años, y la DAT, DAM y DAC se da en el rango de 28-31 años. En el caso de las mujeres, la DAI más alta se da en el rango de edad entre los 20-27 años, y la DAT, DAM y DAC se da en el rango de 28-31 años.
Se espera diseñar las líneas maestras de un Plan de Alfabetización Digital para estudiantes universitarios con propuestas para cada una de las universidades participantes que luego sea el insumo para que los investigadores de cada país puedan contextualizarlos a sus realidades con énfasis en las competencias informacionales, por la importancia que ellas tienen en la prosecución de estudios universitarios y posterior desempeño laboral.
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Silva, Deyse Cristina Oliveira da, José Maria Arcanjo Alves, José De Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque, Antonio Cesar Silva Lima, Maria Edite da Silva Veloso, and Luana Dos Santos Silva. "Controle de insetos-praga do feijão-caupi na savana de Roraima." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 5, no. 3 (January 13, 2012): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v5i3.605.
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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos inseticidas Acefato, Imidacloprid e de óleo de nim no controle dos principais insetos-praga do feijão-caupi em área de savana de Roraima. O experimento foi instalado na área experimental do CCA/UFRR. O plantio do feijão-caupi (c.v. BRS Guariba) foi realizado entre fileiras duplas de mandioca (2,0 x 0,8 x 0,8 m). As fileiras do feijão-caupi foram espaçadas de 0,5 m entre si e 0,75 m das fileiras duplas da mandioca. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 - Testemunha sem aplicação de produtos); T2 - Óleo de Nim plicado aos 20, 30, 40 e 50 Dias Após o Plantio (DAP); T3 - Imidacloprid (20 DAP) + Acefato (30 DAP) + Imidacloprid (40 DAP) + Acefato (50 DAP); T4 - Acefato (20 DAP) + Imidacloprid (30 DAP) + Acefato (40 DAP) + Imidacloprid (50 DAP); T5 - Imidacloprid (20 DAP) + Óleo de nim (30 DAP) + Acefato (40 DAE) + Óleo de nim (50 DAP). Foi mensurado o número de plantas situadas na fileira central com sintomas de ataque das pragas, e realizado o cálculo de percentagem de plantas atacadas. Constatou-se que todos os tratamentos adotados foram eficientes no controle do pulgão preto; que os melhores tratamentos para controle do manhoso foram aqueles que haviam aplicação do óleo de nim; que o tratamento utilizando apenas óleo de nim foi eficiente no controle do pulgão, da mosca branca, da cigarrinha verde e do manhoso. Os tratamentos utilizados neste estudo não foram eficientes para controlar a vaquinha (Cerotoma arcuatus).
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Sikora, Adam R. "Kaszubskie przekłady Pisma Świętego." Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 57, no. 4 (December 31, 2004): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.526.
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Il casciubo è una lingua slava che si è formata in Pomerania quale lingua comune nel XVI sec. e dal XIX sec. si sviluppa anche quale lingua letteraria. Le traduzioni bibliche in casciubo sono state effettuate nei due periodi. Le prime, fatte dai pastori evangelici sulla base del testo tedesco, vengono dai sec. XVI e XVII. Esse contengono singole pericopi dell’Antico e del Nuovo Testamento, soprattutto i salmi e i cantici. Dalla metà del sec. XX invece i cattolici hanno cominciato il lavoro traslatorio. Nel 1992 sono apparsi I quattro Vangeli di d. Franciszek Grucza e nel 1993 Il Nuovo Testamento di Eugeniusz Gołąbek che prima, nel 1990, ha tradotto anche Il libro dei salmi. La base di queste traduzioni era la Biblia Tysiąclecia. Nel 2001 abbiamo ricevuto Il Vangelo secondo san Marco di p. Adam R. Sikora OFM, tradotto dal testo greco. Tutte queste traduzioni sono state approvate dalla Chiesa cattolica in Polonia. Adesso si prepara la traduzione casciuba di tutto l’Antico Testamento.Questa intensa attività traslatoria testimonia la vitalità della cultura e della fede dei Casciubi.
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Uppal, Tarun, Soumyendu Raha, and Suresh Srivastava. "Inverse Simulation for Gas Turbine Engine Control through Differential Algebraic Inequality Formulation." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 35, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0057.
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Abstract Modern day gas turbines are prime movers in land, air and sea. They have stringent performance requirements to meet the complex mission objectives. Optimal control strategies can help them meet their performance objectives more efficiently. A novel inverse simulation method for optimal control and system analysis studies using Differential Algebraic Equality/Inequality (DAE/DAI) technique is brought out in this paper with a case study. The gas turbine model together with safety constraints and performance specifications is represented as a high index DAI/DAE system. The solution for this DAE/DAI system is obtained using a new numerical approach that is capable of handling both equality and inequality constraints on system dynamics. The algorithm involves direct numerical integration of a DAI formulation in a time stepping manner using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) solver that detects and satisfy active constraints at each time step (mesh point). In this unique approach the model and the constraints are always solved together. The method ensures stable solution at each time step, local minimum at each iteration of simulation and provides a regularised basis to the solver. Compared to other existing computationally intensive techniques in usage, this approach is easy, ensures continuous constraint satisfaction and provides a viable option for Model Predictive Control (MPC) of gas turbine engines.
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Torres, Marianna Guanaes Gomes, Paulo Sérgio Flores Campos, Nilson Pena Neto Segundo, Marlos Ribeiro, Marcus Navarro, and Iêda Crusoé-Rebello. "Avaliação de doses referenciais obtidas com exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico adquiridos com diferentes tamanhos de voxel." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 15, no. 5 (October 2010): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512010000500008.
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OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo reside na avaliação do produto dose-área (DAP) e das doses de entrada na pele (DEP), empregando protocolos com tamanho de voxel diferente, obtidos com o aparelho de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) i-CAT, a fim de determinar melhores parâmetros baseados nos princípios da radioproteção. MÉTODOS: para medição do DEP foi utilizada uma câmara de ionização do tipo lápis, e para o DAP foi utilizado um aparelho PTW. Quatro protocolos foram testados, a saber: (1) 40 seg., voxel de 0,2mm e 46,72mAs; (2) 40 seg., voxel de 0,25mm e 46,72mAs; (3) 20 seg., voxel de 0,3mm e 23,87mAs; (4) 20 seg., voxel de 0,4mm e 23,87mAs. A quilovoltagem permaneceu constante (120KVp). RESULTADOS: detectou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre os quatro protocolos, para os dois métodos de avaliação da dose de radiação (DAP e DEP). Na avaliação do DAP, os protocolos 2 e 3 promoveram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa, não sendo possível detectar qual dos protocolos na avaliação da DEP proporcionou esse resultado. CONCLUSÃO: DAP e DEP apresentam-se como métodos de avaliação para doses de radiação em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, sendo necessários mais estudos para elucidar tal achado. O tamanho do voxel, isoladamente, não é capaz de interferir na dose de radiação em exames de TCFC (i-CAT). A dose de radiação para exames de TCFC (i-CAT) está diretamente relacionada ao tempo de exposição e à miliamperagem.
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Sudoh, Keisuke, Yuna Satoh, Ko Furukawa, Haruyuki Nakano, and Yoshihiro Matano. "Synthesis and optical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin — tertiary amine conjugates." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 01n03 (January 2020): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619500822.
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We report on the synthesis and optical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin–tertiary amine (TADAP–TA) conjugates. Metal-templated cyclization reactions of 9-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)amino-1-chloro-5-mesityldipyrrin and 9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)amino-1-chloro-5-mesityldipyrrin (mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) with nickel(II) or copper(II) acetate afforded the corresponding metal(II) complexes of TADAP–TA. The 20[Formula: see text], 19[Formula: see text], and 18[Formula: see text] oxidation states of the DAP ring in the TADAP – TAs were reversibly interconvertible by redox reactions. NMR spectroscopy of the 20[Formula: see text] and 18[Formula: see text] Ni-TADAP – TAs revealed their antiaromatic and aromatic characters, respectively, whereas electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the 19[Formula: see text] Ni-TADAP–TAs showed effective delocalization of an unshared electron spin in the DAP ring. The interconversion between the three oxidation states of TADAP – TAs also caused a distinct change in the optical properties of the DAP [Formula: see text]-electron system. Notably, all the 18[Formula: see text] dications exhibited weak and broad absorption bands in the near infrared region owing to the charge-transfer from the peripheral tertiary amine units (donor) to the cationic DAP center (acceptor). Cyclic voltammetry of TADAP – TAs exhibited the reversible 20[Formula: see text]/19[Formula: see text] and 19[Formula: see text]/18[Formula: see text] redox couples and the irreversible amine oxidation at the periphery. The electrochemical oxidation of the Ni-TADAP–triphenylamine conjugate generated reactive ammoniumyl radicals, which underwent intermolecular coupling to form a polymer of TADAP–TA on the electrode surface.
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Khan, Ayesha, April Nguyen, Diana Panesso, Heidi Vitrac, William R. Miller, Truc T. Tran, Yousif Shamoo, Michel Arthur, and Cesar A. Arias. "903. Resensitization to β-Lactams in Enterococci Depends on Penicillin-Binding Protein (PBP) Mislocalization and Is Mediated by a Single Protein That Modulates Cell Membrane (CM) Adaptation to Daptomycin (DAP)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S28—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.062.
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Abstract Background DAP disrupts bacterial CM by binding to septal anionic phospholipids (APLs). LiaX, an effector of the LiaFSR stress system, modulates DAP-R by diverting APLs away from the septum. Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to β-lactams due to the presence of PBPs (e.g., PBP5) with low affinity to these drugs. However, emergence of DAP-R leads to increased susceptibility to β-lactams, a phenomenon designated as the see-saw effect. Here, we dissect the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. Methods We studied a clinical strain pair of DAP-S (S613) and DAP-R (R712) E. faecalis strains recovered from a patient before and after DAP therapy. We generated deletions of liaX and PBPs (ponA and pbp5) in DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) E. faecalis OG1RF and JH2-2. APLs and membrane structures were visualized with NAO and/or FM4-64. PBPs and LiaX localization were evaluated with bocillin-FL or immunofluorescence. PBP transcripts and PBP5 protein levels were measured by qRT-PCR or immunoblotting, respectively. β-Lactam binding affinity of PBPs was assessed by SDS-PAGE of bocillin-FL stained membranes and a LiaX–PBP5 interaction was evaluated by the bacterial two-hybrid (BACTH) system. MICs were determined via E-test. Results Deletion of liaX led to DAP-R and redistribution of APL microdomains (nonseptal foci with CM aberrations; Figure 1A) in all strains, with a marked decrease in ceftriaxone (CRO) MICs. Only PBP5 was essential for β-lactam resistance but not for DAP-R. DAP-R was associated with mislocalization of PBPs to the sites of CM aberrations (Figure 2). Notably, LiaX and PBP5 were localized to the septum in DAP-S strains but redistributed away from septal areas upon development of DAP-R (Figure 3). An interaction of LiaX and PBP5 was confirmed by the BACTH system. Mislocalized PBPs, most notably PonA and PBP5, had increased affinity for β-lactams in all DAP-R strains. The increased affinity of PBPs to β-lactams was not associated with increased transcripts or PBP5 levels. Conclusion LiaX regulates CM adaptation and cell wall synthesis via membrane remodeling and direct interactions with key PBPs. Changes in LiaX that cause DAP-R results in mislocalization of PBPs to nonseptal areas and likely increases access of β-lactam to the active site, explaining the see-saw effect. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
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Kong, Zhen Xing, and Ji Hui Wang. "Interlaminar Shear Strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Dially Phthalate Laminates Enhanced with Nanoclays." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1779.
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To examine the role of nanoclays in the enhancement of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of glass fiber reinforced diallyl phthalate (GFR-DAP) composites, the GFR-DAP laminates were manufactured by hand lay-up techniques using two nanoclays, DK2 and MHAB-MMT, respectively. Χ-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to characterize the morphology of the dispersed clay particles in the DAP matrix. The mechanical performances were characterized by flexural strength and LISS measurements. XRD scans shows that the clays disperse uniformly in the DAP matrix and form an intercalated structure with a basal spacing of 3.86 nm and 3.98 nm for DK2 and MHAB-MMT, respectively. Short beam shear tests show that only 2.5 wt% clay loading in DAP matrix increased the ILSS of resulting GFR-DAP laminates by 7.64% and 14.80% for DK2 and MHAB-MMT, respectively, with respect to the neat DAP. The fractured surfaces of resulting laminates were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Santos, M. V., F. A. Ferreira, F. C. L. Freitas, L. D. Tuffi Santos, J. M. Viana, D. C. C. Rocha, and C. M. T. Fialho. "Controle de Brachiaria brizantha, com uso do glyphosate, na formação de pastagem de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.)." Planta Daninha 25, no. 1 (March 2007): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582007000100016.
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Este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do herbicida glyphosate no controle de Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Marandu, na formação de pastagem de Tifton 85. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente desprotegido, utilizando vasos de polietileno com capacidade de 10 L. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas épocas de aplicação e oito doses: 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1.080, 1.440 e 1.800 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate, no esquema fatorial 2 x 8. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída de um vaso com duas plantas de B. brizantha e duas de Tifton 85. A primeira aplicação do glyphosate foi realizada antes do perfilhamento das plantas de B. brizantha, quando estas apresentavam cerca 10 cm de altura, e a segunda, quando as plantas estavam com quatro a cinco perfilhos e aproximadamente 20 cm de altura. Para cada época de aplicação foram realizadas avaliações visuais de controle de B. brizantha e intoxicação nas plantas de Tifton 85, aos 15, 30 e 60 DAA (dias após aplicação). Aos 60 DAA, as plantas de ambas as espécies forrageiras foram cortadas e secas em estufa, assim como a rebrota aos 60 DAC (dias após o corte). Porcentagem de controle de 90% de B. brizantha, aos 60 DAA, foi obtida com 133,60 g ha-1 na primeira aplicação e 365,63 g ha-1 na segunda. Foi observado aos 60 DAA, na primeira e segunda épocas de aplicação, que baixas doses de glyphosate (133,60 e 365,63 g ha-1, respectivamente) promovem controle da braquiária, com ausência de rebrota dessas plantas aos 60 DAC, e intoxicação leve de Tifton 85, sem influenciar o rendimento desta forrageira. Devido à maior tolerância do Tifton 85 ao glyphosate, é possível o controle de Brachiaria brizantha utilizando doses baixas de glyphosate, sem, no entanto, comprometer o rendimento forrageiro de Tifton 85.
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Barbosa, João Paulo dos Anjos Souza, Patrícia Maria Henriques, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Nelson Wolosker, and Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias. "Nível de atividade física em indivíduos com doença arterial periférica: uma revisão sistemática." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 11, no. 1 (March 2012): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492012000100005.
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CONTEXTO: Indivíduos com doença arterial periférica (DAP) apresentam níveis de atividade física diminuídos. Os estudos sobre essa temática apresentam diferenças metodológicas, que variam em relação às características dos indivíduos estudados, aos instrumentos utilizados para a medida da atividade física e as estratégias empregadas para classificação do nível de atividade física e os desfechos analisados. OBJETIVO: Descrever o nível de atividade física de indivíduos com DAP e analisar a relação do nível de atividade física nos indicadores de saúde desses indivíduos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos originais publicados, em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS e ScIELO, até 2010. RESULTADOS: Dos 16 artigos incluídos na revisão, 94% foram publicados a partir do ano 2000. O método mais utilizado para quantificação dos níveis de atividade física foi o acelerômetro. Foram verificados menores níveis de atividade física nos indivíduos com DAP em comparação a indivíduos sem a doença. Dentre os indivíduos com DAP, o maior nível de atividade física foi associado a melhores indicadores hemorreológicos, hemodinâmicos e de composição corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com DAP apresentam menores níveis de atividade física que indivíduos sem a doença. Dentre os indivíduos com a doença, aqueles que são mais ativos fisicamente apresentam melhores indicadores de saúde.
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Zhu, Huihui, and Pedro Patrício. "A note on clean elements and inverses along an element." Filomat 32, no. 12 (2018): 4285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1812285z.
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Let R be an associative ring with unity 1 and let a,d ? R. An element a ? R is called invertible along d if there exists unique a??d such that a??dad = d = daa??d and a??d ? dR ? Rd (see [6, Definition 4]). In this note, we present new characterizations for the existence of akd by clean decompositions of ad and da. As applications, existence criteria for the Drazin inverse and the group inverse are given.
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Somerville, Greg, Robert Powers, Warren Rose,, Jose Miro, Arnold Bayer, and Nagendra Mishra. "614. Metabolic Interventions for the Resensitization of Daptomycin-Resistant (DAP-R) Streptococcus mitis-oralis Strains to DAP In vitro and Ex Vivo in a Simulated Model of Experimental Endocarditis (IE)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2511.
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Abstract Background Streptococcus mitis-oralis is a leading cause of IE. Treatment of this pathogen is limited by frequent high-level β-lactam resistance and the propensity to develop high-level DAP-R during DAP exposure. The current study elucidated key metabolic perturbations associated with high-level DAP-R in prototype S. mitis-oralis strain 351, following in vitro selection of DAP-R by 10-day serial passage in sub-inhibitory DAP. Furthermore, to test translatability of such metabolic changes (see below), the synergistic activity of combinations of DAP plus a strategic metabolic inhibitor (i.e., fosfomycin) vs. DAP or fosfomycin alone was assessed, using DAP-R S. mitis-oralis strain 351-D10 (MIC >256 µg/mL) in vitro and in an ex vivo IE model. Methods MICs. E test Growth Curve: Optical density (OD600) determined spectrophotometrically at 0–8 hours glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Kit from BioVision®. Metabolomics: one-dimensional 1H NMR-MS and two-dimensional 1H-13C HSQC in vitro time-kill assay: Using sub-MIC/MIC drug concentrations (initial inoculum ~1 × 105 CFU/mL) for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. Ex vivo IE model: Simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs) quantitatively cultured at 0, 4, 8, 24, 32, 48, and 72 hours with DAP or fosfomycin alone or in combination. Results NMR metabolomics analysis identified a number of metabolite differences in the 351 D10 DAP-R vs. 351 DAP-S strain (Figure 1). These data are consistent with a significant reduction in GAPDH activity (a glycolytic enzyme) in 351-D10 vs. 351 strain. Based on these metabolic changes, fosfomycin (a phosphoenolpyruvate analog) was chosen as a strategic metabolic inhibitor to attempt to “resensitize” our DAP-R S. mitis-oralis strain to DAP. The combination of DAP + fosfomycin demonstrated synergistic killing of the DAP-R strain vs. DAP or fosfomycin alone in the in vitro time-killing assays. Moreover, the DAP-R strain was synergistically cleared from SEVs by DAP + fosfomycin in the ex vivo IE model. Conclusion Taken together, these data indicate there are unique metabolome signatures associated with the DAP-R phenotype in S. mitis-oralis. In addition, these data provide support for further studying the use of strategic S. mitis-oralis metabolic inhibitors in additional strain-sets to resensitize DAP-R strains to DAP, using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Daflon, Taciana Da Mata, Cristina Moll Hüther, Caíssa Machado Perucci Pereira dos Santos, Luiza Ferreira de Carvalho, Nathan Pereira da Costa Correa, Daniela Marques Correia, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira, and Thelma De Barros Machado. "INCREMENTOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOMASSA TOTAL DE CITRONELA POR ESTRESSE SEVERO NO SISTEMA RADICULAR." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online), no. 51 (August 4, 2019): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z2176-947820190438.
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Para se obter a melhor qualidade terapêutica e produtividade das plantasmedicinais, o manejo adequado da cultura é fundamental, pois diversosfatores podem interferir. Assim, analisou-se o crescimento das plantas decitronela submetidas a diferentes níveis de cortes na parte aérea e nas raízes.Cinco diferentes proporções de desbaste na raiz (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%), após145 dias do plantio das mudas e 4 cortes na parte aérea (folhas): sem corte; umcorte aos 145 dias após o plantio (DAP), juntamente com o corte da raiz; um corteaos 228 DAP; e cortes aos 145 e 228 DAP (dois cortes). Foram realizadas quatrocoletas para dados de acúmulo de matéria seca e partição de fotoassimilados.O tratamento com 100% de corte na raiz, mas sem corte nas folhas, aumentouo acúmulo de massa seca em relação aos demais tratamentos, para o últimoperíodo de análise, demonstrando uma recuperação.
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Venâncio, Luciene de Souza, Roberto Carlos Burini, and Winston Bonetti Yoshida. "Concentração de homocisteína em pacientes portadores de doença arterial periférica atendidos em um serviço público de saúde." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 8, no. 4 (December 2009): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492009000400007.
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Contexto: Estudos recentes indicam que a concentração elevada de homocisteína é um fator de risco importante e prevalente para doença vascular aterosclerótica coronariana, cerebral e periférica. Objetivo: Tendo em vista a escassez de informações relacionadas à hiper-homocisteinemia em doença arterial periférica (DAP) no Brasil e as peculiaridades de nossa população, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de hiper-homocisteinemia em amostra dessa população em um ensaio clínico com indivíduos portadores e não portadores de DAP atendidos em um serviço público brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ensaio clínico caso-controle com 40 indivíduos portadores de DAP confirmada por Doppler ultrassom (grupo DAP) em comparação com 20 indivíduos voluntários sem DAP (grupo-controle). Resultados: A DAP predominante foi a isquemia crônica de membros (75%). As concentrações plasmáticas medianas de homocisteína de jejum foram significantemente maiores no grupo DAP do que no grupo-controle (16,7 versus 12,9 µmol/L, p = 0,001), tanto nos homens (18,9 versus 14,0 µmol/L, p = 0,005) quanto nas mulheres (13,9 versus 11,2 µmol/L, p = 0,025). Quanto à proporção de indivíduos com hiper-homocisteinemia, observou-se tendência a uma maior frequência no grupo DAP (60%) em relação ao grupo-controle (30%) (p = 0,054). Nos indivíduos com idade inferior a 60 anos foram encontrados valores medianos de homocisteína significantemente mais elevados no grupo DAP (p = 0,041). Conclusões: A hiper-homocisteinemia é um fator de risco importante e foi encontrada em 60% dos indivíduos portadores de DAP atendidos em um serviço público no Brasil.
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Gumelar, Yoga, Junaidi Junaidi, and Tjatur Prijo Rahardjo. "Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Urin Kelinci dan Macam Varietas Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amonea.Voss)." JINTAN : Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Nasional 2, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v2i2.2794.
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This study aimed to determine the effect of the dose of liquid organic fertilizer in rabbit urine on the growth and yield of three varieties of red spinach. This research was conducted in Watulimo Village, Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency at an altitude of 154 meters above sea level from August 23 to October 15, 2021. The study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was repeated 3 times, namely: First factor: Dosage of rabbit urine (U) which consisted of 3 treatments, repeated 3 times, namely: U0 = Without fertilizer U1 = dose of rabbit urine 60 ml/plant U2 = dose of rabbit urine 120 ml/plant, Second factor: Red spinach variety (V) which consisted of 3 treatments repeated 3 times, namely: V1 = Mira variety, V2 = Clara variety, V3 = Variety BA-285. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there was a very significant interaction between doses of rabbit urine and red spinach varieties on plant height at age 14; 21; 28; and 35 days after planting, wet weight per plant and dry weight per plant at harvest time for the best results from the combination of U2V3 treatments. The treatment dose of rabbit urine was significantly different to plant height at 7 DAP, the number of leaves at observation age at 7 DAP, 14 DAP, 21 DAP, 28 DAP, 35 DAP the largest yield was U2, (rabbit urine dose 120 ml/plant). The treatment of varieties of red spinach was significantly different to plant height at 7 DAP, the number of leaves at the observation age at 7 DAP, 14 DAP, 21 DAP, 28 DAP, 35 DAP, and the largest yield was V2, (red spinach variety BA285).
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Torresan, Paolo. "OSSERVAZIONI SU UNA PROVA DI LETTURA PRESENTE IN UN TEST DI COMPETENZA PER STUDENTI CINESI ALLESTITO DAL CENTRO CILS." Revista do GEL 14, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 198–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.21165/gel.v14i2.1509.
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I Progetti “Marco Polo” e “Turandot” nascono sulla base di un accordo intergovernativo Italia-Cina, attivo da metà degli anni Duemila e orientato a favorire l’accesso ai corsi universitari italiani da parte di apprendenti cinesi. Una volta passato un test di cultura generale nel loro Paese, gli studenti cinesi si possono pre-iscrivere a corsi universitari in Italia; se privi di un’adeguata conoscenza dell’italiano, prima dell’accesso ai corsi universitari, devono seguire corsi intensivi di lingua allestiti dai singoli atenei (o da enti a cui le università di affidano), per una durata che progressivamente è passata dai sei agli otto mesi, sino a giungere ai dieci/undici mesi (a dipendere dall’ateneo), e sostenere, infine, un esame finale di livello B1/B2 (secondo i livelli definiti dal Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue, CONSIGLIO D’EUROPA 2001). L’oggetto del nostro studio è una prova di lettura a scelta multipla confezionata dal centro CILS (sessione CILS Marco Polo, agosto 2012). Della prova analizziamo gli item, considerando le risposte fornite da un campione di studenti di livello B1, di diversa provenienza (n=68). I risultati dell’analisi vengono raccordati con la calibrazione di altre prove di comprensione facenti parte del medesimo esame.
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Sudoh, Keisuke, Takuroh Hatakeyama, Ko Furukawa, Haruyuki Nakano, and Yoshihiro Matano. "Redox switchable 19π and 18π 5,10,20-triaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoid–nickel(II) complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 22, no. 07 (July 2018): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424618500529.
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The synthesis and optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties of nickel(II) complexes of 5,10,20-triaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrin (TriADAP) are reported. Metal-templated cyclization of unsymmetrically substituted nickel(II)–bis(1-amino-9-chloro-5-mesityldipyrrin; mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) complexes afforded the corresponding TriADAPs or 5-aryl-15-benzyl-10,20-dimesityl-5,15-diazaporphyrin, depending on the combination of base and solvent. The latter macrocycle was converted to TriADAP by deprotection of the [Formula: see text]-benzyl group through Pd/C-promoted hydrogenation. TriADAPs were isolated in both 18[Formula: see text] (cation) and 19[Formula: see text] (neutral) forms. The interconversion between these two oxidation states resulted in a distinct change in the optical properties of the DAP [Formula: see text]-system. NMR spectroscopy of the 18[Formula: see text] TriADAP cations showed that they had aromatic character, whereas EPR spectroscopy of the 19[Formula: see text] TriADAP showed a highly delocalized electron spin of the [Formula: see text]-radical. The para substituents of the [Formula: see text]-aryl groups of TriADAPs had a small but distinct impact on their HOMO and LUMO energies. The change in the net charge of one electron was directly reflected in the redox properties of the DAP ring; TriADAP was more easily reduced and less easily oxidized than DAP. The difference in the net charge was also reflected by the shielding of the pyrrolic [Formula: see text]-protons observed in the [Formula: see text]H NMR spectra. The present results confirm that TriADAP is a highly promising framework for constructing a new class of azaporphyrin-based materials with 18[Formula: see text]–19[Formula: see text] redox-switchable optical and magnetic properties.
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Díaz-Cortés, Andrea, Gabriela Graziani, Marco Boi, Lucia López-Polín, and Enrico Sassoni. "Conservation of Archaeological Bones: Assessment of Innovative Phosphate Consolidants in Comparison with Paraloid B72." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183163.
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Aqueous solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) have been recently proposed for consolidation of archeological bones, as an alternative to traditional products. Here, we investigated several routes to improve the performance of the DAP-based treatment, namely increasing the DAP concentration, adding calcium ions and adding ethanol to the DAP solution. Archaeological bones dated to about 1–0.8 million years ago were used for the tests. After preliminary screening by FTIR microscopy and FEG-SEM among different formulations, confirming the formation of new hydroxyapatite phases, the most promising formulation was selected, namely a 3 M DAP solution. The strengthening ability of this formulation was systematically compared to that of the most widely used commercial consolidant, namely Paraloid B72. The performance of the two treatments was evaluated in terms of Knoop and Vickers microhardness, resistance to scratch and resistance to material loss by peeling off. The results of the study show that the DAP treatment was able to improve the bone surface properties and also the resistance to material loss by peeling off, which is more dependent on in-depth consolidation. Paraloid B72 led to the formation of a layer of acrylic resin on the bone surface, which influenced the mechanical tests. Nonetheless, Paraloid B72 was able to penetrate in depth and substantially decrease the material loss by peeling off, even more effectively than DAP. The results of this study indicate that the potential of the DAP treatment for bone consolidation is confirmed.
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Shaimerdenova, Guldana, Kurmanbek Zhantasov, Tynlybek Bazhirov, Almagul Kadirbayeva, Gulzat Jussupbekova, Zhalgasbek Iztayev, and Zlikha Makhanova. "Optimal Parameters for Obtaining Diammonium Phosphate from off-balance Phosphate Raw Materials of the Karatau Basin." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 12 (January 7, 2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.12.8389.
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The article contains information about substandard material resources of phosphorite raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Samples of phosphate-siliceous raw materials of the Zhanatas Deposit were studied for the content of P2O5. To obtain diammonium phosphate (DAP), off-balance phosphorite from the Zhanatas Deposit was used, containing P2O5-16.18%. Technological solutions for the enrichment of substandard phosphate raw materials `Zhanatas` and the production of DAP from evaporated and non-evaporated WPA are proposed. Information on mineral petrographic analysis and the chemistry of the DAP production process based on the results of X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Phase Analysis, and SEM is provided.
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Krisnayanti, Denik Sri, I. Made Udiana, Chrystin Chandra, and Davianto Frangky B. Welkis. "Analysis of Available Discharge in the Temef Watershed Using the NRECA, F. J. Mock and Tangki Method." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i2.40505.
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Temef Dam is located in Oenino Village Oenino District and Konbaki Village Polen District, Timor Tengah Selatan Regency which has a capacity of 45.79 millions m3. This research aimed to determine the amount of potential evapotranspiration using Penman Modification Method, the amount of dependable discharge with three methods that are NRECA, F.J. Mock, and Tank Methods, from those three methods will be selected a method that have closest characteristic of Temef Watershed, and filling timein Temef Reservoir. The maximum half monthly potential evapotranspiration in Temef Watershed using Penman Modification Method is 142.72 mm and the minimum is 71,25 mm. The average of annual discharge using NRECA Method is 249.89 m3/sec, F.J. Mock Method is 258.66 m3/sec, and Tank Method is 92.15 m3/sec. Based from three methods that have been used, Tank Method is the closest method to the characteristics of Temef Watershed, which RMSE value from Tank Method is 2.99. Filling time of Temef Reservoir to reach the planned reservoir volume in normal water year condition is three months and fifteen days and in low water year condition is six months.
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Mustopa, Asep Samsul. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ASAM GIBERELAT (GA ) DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP VIABILITAS, VIGOR dan 3 PERTUMBUHAN BENIH JARAK (Jatropha curcas L.) KLON IP-1P di PEMBENIHAN." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 3, no. 2 (October 7, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v3i2.14.
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The experiment was carried out at Plant Biotechnology laboratorium and experimentalfield Faculty of Agriculture University of Winaya Mukti Tanjungsari Sumedang which the altitude is about 850 meters above sea level, from March 2008 until May 2008.Theobjective of this experiment was to studying the interaction effect of giberellat acidconcentration and and soaking time on seed viability, seed vigor, growth and yield ofJatropha curcas in nursery.Design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) withfactorial pattern, treatment consisted of two factors and two replications. The first factorwas giberellat acid (GA3) concentration (K) which consisted of 4 levels namely : k1=250 ppm, k2= 500 ppm, k3= 750 ppm and k4= 1000 ppm. The second factor soakingtime on GA34 (M) which consisted of 4 levels namely : m1= 6 hour, m2= 18 hour dan m = 24 hour.The results of these experiment showed there was aninteraction between giberellat acid concentration and and soaking time on high of plant20 day after planting (DAP), 40 DAP, 60 DAP, number of leaves 20 DAP, 40 DAP, 60DAP, length of root, number of root, dry wight of root and dry wight of shoot.
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Lourenção, André Luiz, Andrea Rocha Almeida de Moraes, Ignácio José de Godoy, and Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano. "Efeito da infestação de Enneothrips flavens moulton sobre o desenvolvimento de cultivares de amendoim." Bragantia 66, no. 4 (2007): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052007000400013.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do ataque de Enneothrips flavens Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), no desenvolvimento de cultivares de amendoim, foi implantado um experimento em campo, no ano agrícola de 2001/2002, nas localidades paulistas de Campinas e Pindorama. Avaliaram-se IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 5 e IAC 22, cultivares de porte ereto e Runner IAC 886, Tégua e IAC-Caiapó, de porte rasteiro, com e sem controle químico da praga. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, com seis repetições, onde as parcelas corresponderam aos tratamentos com e sem controle químico do tripes, e as subparcelas, às cultivares de amendoim. Para a avaliação da infestação de tripes, foram realizadas amostragens a partir dos 29 dias após o plantio (DAP), quando se coletaram dez folíolos fechados por subparcela. Para a contagem do número de brotos por planta, coletaram-se cinco plantas por parcela a partir dos 29 DAP, até próximo ao final do ciclo das cultivares. Determinou-se a matéria seca das plantas somente em Campinas, coletando-se cinco plantas por parcela, aos 29, 56, 85, 99, 112 e 125 DAP, com posterior secagem artificial da parte vegetativa e da parte reprodutiva. Foram observadas nas plantas de todas as cultivares, nas parcelas não tratadas, as maiores infestações de E. flavens aos 56-57 DAP, e em Pindorama houve um pico de infestação inicial aos 29 DAP. Em função da cultivar, a falta de controle do tripes acarretou diminuição na emissão de brotos e no desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas.
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Kurilich, Anne C., Shyh-Shyan Wang, and John A. Juvik. "Sugary enhancer1 (se1) Gene Endosperm Dosage and Sweet Corn Carbohydrate Content." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 625a—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.625a.
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Inbreds IL451b sugary1 (su1) and IL678a su1 isogenic for the sugary enhancer1 (se1) gene mutation were used to analyze the relationship between se1 gene dosage and endosperm sugar content. Each line was self-pollinated and reciprocal crosses were made between the isolines of each genotype to produce se1 gene dosages of 0, 1, 2, and 3 in the triploid endosperm. Ears were harvested at 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 45 days after pollination (DAP). Whole kernels were freeze-dried, ground into powder, and stored at –80°C until subsequent chemical analyses. Sucrose, glucose and fructose were analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), the results of which indicated a significant increase in kernel sugar content when the se1 allele is homozygous. \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\begin{array}{lcl}&\underline{\mathrm{Sucrose\ content\ at}{\ }21{\ }\mathrm{DAP}(\%{\ }\mathrm{dry}{\ }\mathrm{wt})}&\\\underline{se1{\ }\mathrm{dose}}&\underline{\mathrm{IL}{\ }451\mathrm{b}}&\underline{\mathrm{IL}{\ }678\mathrm{a}}\\0&9.6&10.3\\1&8.0&10.7\\2&11.3&10.9\\3&15.8&12.2\end{array}\] \end{document} Sucrose content at 21 DAP (typical maturity for harvesting) was observed to increase in the IL451b and IL678a backgrounds from zero to three doses of se1 by 65% and 18% respectively, indicating that this mutation varies in its expression in different genetic backgrounds. Associations between kernel phytoglycogen and starch content and se1 gene dosage are presented. The biochemical lesion associated with the se1 gene product is discussed.
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Oliveira, João Antonio Ramos de, Jana Koefender, Candida Elisa Manfio, Diego Pascoal Golle, and João De Deus dos Reis. "Tipos de estacas e uso de AIB na propagação vegetativa de fisális." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 9, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v9i3.2571.
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Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a propagação vegetativa de Physalis angulata L. utilizando-se diferentes tipos de estacas e concentrações de ácido 3-indolbutírico (AIB). Foram avaliadas mudas produzidas a partir de estacas coletadas em plantas matrizes na fase reprodutiva. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo os fatores constituídos por dois tipos de estacas (basal e mediana) e cinco concentrações de AIB (0, 400, 800, 1.200 e 1.600 mg L-1), com quatro repetições e cinco estacas por parcela. Aos 20 e 40 dias após o plantio (DAP) foram avaliados:o número de brotações, número de folhas e comprimento da brotação. Aos 60 DAP foram avaliadas: percentagem de sobrevivência, número e comprimento da maior raiz, massa seca de folhas e massa seca total. Aos 20 DAP não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, sendo que aos 40 DAP verificou-se efeito significativo para concentração de AIB para número de folhas. Aos 60 DAP verificou-se que é dispensável o uso de AIB, em virtude da pouca eficiência do regulador nas variáveis avaliadas. Recomenda-se a produção de mudas de fisális por estaquia sem utilização do AIB.
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Satoshi Matsushita, Milton, Roberto Tuyoshi Hosokawa, Cirino Corrêa Júnior, and Carlos Augusto Petersen Parchen. "MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS PARA ESTIMAR A FITOMASSA FOLIAR DE GUAÇATONGA (CASEARIA DECANDRA JACQ.) Mathematical model to estimate guaçatonga (Casearia decandra Jacq.) leaf phytomass." Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal 11 (October 21, 2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/academica.10.s01.ao20.
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O Estado do Paraná, considerado um grande produtor agrícola, apresenta substancial redução nas áreas de florestas nativas. Os fragmentos florestais localizados nos remanescentes da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, apresentam uma rica diversidade de produtos da sociobiodiversidade de uso medicinal. As principais espécies arbóreas da região são nativas, com destaque para uma espécie popularmente conhecida na região como guaçatonga (Casearia decandra Jacq.). Este trabalho objetivou calcular o peso da fitomassa foliar de guaçatonga sem eliminar as árvores, por meio de modelos matemáticos que estimam a produção de fitomassa foliar e o seu valor econômico, possibilitando a melhoria econômica e social nas propriedades familiares por meio de sua exploração periódica e seletiva, incentivando a manutenção e ampliação dos fragmentos florestais, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e garantindo a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção. Buscouse ajustar modelos matemáticos para estimar a fitomassa foliar a partir de parâmetros dendrométricos. O modelo Schumacher modificado com as variáveis DAP e altura total demonstrou ser o mais adequado para estimar a fitomassa foliar em fragmentos florestais com plantas nativas de guaçatonga sem nenhum sistema de manejo, com uma variação acentuada na correlação entre DAP e altura total, enquanto o modelo Prodan modificado com a variável DAP demonstrou ser o melhor para ser utilizado em fragmentos florestais com plantas de guaçatonga manejadas, em que as plantas apresentam uma correlação entre DAP e altura total mais homogênea.
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Gunawan, Gerry, Mochamad Dalhar, and Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan. "PARKINSON AND STEM CELL THERAPY." MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mnj.2017.003.01.7.
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Asyakur, Hayaturrohmah, Nunung Sondari, Yana Taryana, and Hudaya Mulyana. "Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Akibat Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Urin Kelinci." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v10i1.367.
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The experiment was carried out in Cigargadung, Cigendel Village, Pamulihan District, Sumedang City, with an altitude of 794 meters above sea level with Latosol soil type. The experimental period starts from June – August 2021. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the right concentration of liquid organic fertilizer in rabbit urine on the growth and yield of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L) plants and to obtain the right concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on plant growth and yield. Pakcoy. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments of rabbit urine concentration and repeated four times. The treatments were A = 0 ml L1 water (control), B = 2 ml L-1, C = 4 ml L-1, D = 6 ml L-1, E = 8 ml L-1, and F = 10 ml L-1. The results of the experiment showed that different administration of liquid organic fertilizer in rabbit urine had an effect on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants. The experimental results showed that giving treatment B = 2 ml L-1 LDP of rabbit urine had an effect on plant height growth of 35 DAP, number of leaves 21 DAP, leaf diameter 42 DAP, fresh weight 42 DAP, dry weight 42 DAP, and Root Decay Ratio 42 DAP. on pakcoy plants compared to other treatments.
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Suparman, Suparman. "PENGARUH BERBAGAI TAKARAN PUPUK NITROGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CAISIN VARIETAS SHINTA." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 3, no. 2 (October 7, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v3i2.17.
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The objective of this experiment was to study the effect nitrogen fertilizer dose on growth and yield of Caisin plant (Brassica junceae L.) var. Shinta. An experiment was carried out at Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty of Winaya Mukti University at Tanjungsari-Sumedang, with the altitude about 850 m above sea level, from February 2015 up to March 2015. Experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of five treatment and each five replication. Dose of nitrogen (N) fertilizer tested namely : A = 0 kg ha-1 N, B = 10 kg ha-1 N, C = 20 kg ha-1 N, D = 30 kg ha-1 N, dan E = 40 kg ha-1 N. The result of this experiment showed that dose of nitrogen fertilizer be different influential on plant height at 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and 35 DAP, number of leaf at 35 DAP, weight of total dry matter per plant and weight of fresh per plant. Dose of nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg ha-1- 30 kg ha-1 give better effect on plant height at 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and 35 DAP, number of leaf at 35 DAP, weight of total dry matter per plant, and weight of fresh per plant. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate as much as 24.59 kg ha-1 give a weight per plant caisin maximum of 76.04 g
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Nogueira Bombig, Maria Teresa, Fernando Focaccia Póvoa, and Rui Póvoa. "HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL E DOENÇA ARTERIAL PERIFÉRICA." Revista Brasileira de Hipertensão 27, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47870/1519-7522/20202704122-9.
Full textAbstract:
A hipertensão arterial é o fator mais potente no desenvolvimento da doença vascular aterosclerótica e um fator de risco importante para a doença arterial periférica (DAP) e suas complicações. A DAP é resultante do bloqueio das artérias que fornecem sangue aos membros inferiores, em geral secundário à aterosclerose. Destaca-se o aumento de casos de pacientes com DAP, juntamente com o crescimento da expectativa de vida, variando quantitativamente conforme o sexo e a comorbidade já em curso, tais como: hipertensão, diabetes, tabagismo; dislipidemia, idade, dentre outros. A maioria dos pacientes com DAP são assintomáticos ou não apresenta o sintoma mais presente: claudicação intermitente, mas quando sintomáticos estes podem referir dor, desconforto, queimação ou câimbra em membros inferiores. Para diagnóstico da DAP encontra-se como mais referenciado o índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) com Doppler, mas também formas de se identificar a doença, por meio da angiotomografia, angioressonância magnética, arteriografia por punção direta, além do exame físico minuncioso, este sim imprescindível. A redução da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) reduz eventos cardiovasculares e a meta atual para tratamento na DAP é de PA ≤ 140×90 mmHg (em diabéticos, considerar PA diastólica ≤ 85 mmHg). A terapia anti-hipertensiva deve ser administrada a pacientes com hipertensão e DAP para reduzir o risco de IM, AVC, insuficiência cardíaca e morte cardiovascular. O uso de inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECA) ou bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina (BRA) são eficazes neste propósito e são drogas de escolha na hipertensão. Não há contra indicação aos betabloqueadores nestes pacientes. A cessação do tabagismo,exercícios, terapia com estatinas, terapia antiplaquetária com aspirina ou clopidogrel e, possivelmente, cilostazol em pacientes sem história de insuficiência cardíaca controlam parte dos fatores de risco, auxiliando assim a continuidade da assistência ao paciente com DAP quando da necessidade de angioplastia com stent, uso de balão arterial, cirurgia de by-pass, além da revascularização endovascular.