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Journal articles on the topic 'Dams Models'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hussein, Mohammed Noori, Ahmed Alkadhimi, Wisam Abdullah Najim, and Hashim A. Almousawi. "Shaking Table Experiment on Seismic Performance of a Scaled-Down Arch Dam with Initial Crack." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, no. 6 (December 21, 2021): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160610.

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Seismic responses of cracked scaled-down arch dams were investigated by experiment on a shaking table. Two different curvature models (M1 and M2) were cast by using a plan concrete. Dams properties, including materials and dimensions, were carefully simulated. A significant earthquake magnitude with (7.7M) and water pressure were applied on the dam's models. Considering water and seismic loadings, the dynamic reactions of the arch dam's system were investigated. Both models showed crack overstresses or propagation on the dam's model as a result of seismic excitations. The arch dam with a higher degree of curvature was recorded 44 Mpa of stress evaluation which less by 30.7% of the arch dam with the lowest degree of curvature. The results indicated that raising the degree of curvature led to raising the dam's stability, earthquake resistance, less displacement, and less growth of tensile cracks.
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2

Elmazoghi, Hasan G., Vail Karakale (Waiel Mowrtage), and Lubna S. Bentaher. "Comparison of neural networks and neuro-fuzzy computing techniques for prediction of peak breach outflow." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 4 (January 29, 2016): 724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.078.

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Accurate prediction of peak outflows from breached embankment dams is a key parameter in dam risk assessment. In this study, efficient models were developed to predict peak breach outflows utilizing artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Historical data from 93 embankment dam failures were used to train and evaluate the applicability of these models. Two scenarios were applied with each model by either considering the whole data set without classification or classifying the set into small dams (48 dams) and large dams (45 dams). In this way, nine models were developed and their results were compared to each other and to the results of the best available regression equations and recent gene expression programming. Among the different models, the ANFIS model of the first scenario exhibited better performance based on its higher efficiency (E = 0.98), higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.98) and lower mean absolute error (MAE = 840.9). Moreover, models based on classified data enhanced the prediction of peak outflows particularly for small dams. Finally, this study indicated the potential of the developed ANFIS and ANN models to be used as predictive tools of peak outflow rates of embankment dams.
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3

Pisaniello, John D., Wu Zhifang, and Jennifer M. McKay. "Small dams safety issues – engineering/policy models and community responses from Australia." Water Policy 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0006.

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Dam safety is a serious issue worldwide. However, in many countries, for example, China and Australia, although much attention is being devoted to the medium to large-scale dams, little or no attention is being paid to the serious potential problems associated with smaller dams, particularly the potential “cumulative domino effect” failure risk to the larger public dams. Farmers in Australia have often overlooked the common law obligation to review/design dams in line with current standards because of high engineering consulting costs. This leaves them vulnerable to litigation if their dam fails and the downstream community is susceptible to unacceptable risk levels. To overcome this problem, an innovative Australian-developed cost-effective spillway design/review procedure has been developed to minimise cost burdens to dam owners and encourage better dam safety management. A recent survey undertaken in the Australian “policy model” State of Victoria to test community attitudes to the procedure and implemented dam safety and water allocation policy is also reported here. This survey clearly demonstrates that farmers require more than awareness and encouragement in order to ensure that they look after their dams properly.
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4

Bhattacharjee, Sudip S., and Pierre Léger. "Concrete constitutive models for nonlinear seismic analysis of gravity dams — state-of-the-art." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 492–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-059.

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The seismic safety of concrete dams is a matter of serious concern around the world. During severe ground motions, the dams are likely to experience cracking due to low tensile resistance of concrete. Several analytical methods have been proposed in the literature for finite element crack propagation analysis of concrete structures. Due to lack of consistent results, and virtually impossible verification because of limited field experience in seismic cracking of concrete dams, the choice of a reliable constitutive model has become a complex task. A review of concrete constitutive models for nonlinear seismic analysis of gravity dams is presented herein. The relative merits of the proposed models have been critically examined. Comparing the theoretical soundness, and the advantages and inconveniences of the different analytical procedures, the nonlinear fracture mechanics model applied with a smeared crack analysis technique appears to be very promising. The present state of knowledge on material fracture parameters under transient conditions has been found to be limited. Review of the past finite element seismic fracture analyses of concrete gravity dams reveals that reliable numerical models for safety evaluation of the structures during severe ground motions have not yet been satisfactorily developed. Key words: gravity dams, constitutive models, fracture mechanics, seismic response, nonlinear analysis, finite element, crack propagation.
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5

Lyapichev, Yury P. "Choice of mathematic models of soils in static and seismic analyses of embankment dams." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-4-261-270.

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Relevance. Numerical analyses of behavior or stress-strain state (SSS) of embankment dams are usually performed using various computational programs, which use different, often complex mathematical models of soils. However, the right choice of these models is left to the program user, who usually has not enough experience in this field of knowledge, and therefore the results of these analyses are often obscure and erroneous. The aims of the work - development of recommendations for selecting the most reliable mathematical models of soils in numerical analyses of embankment dams and comparing these models with the most common models in modern world practice of their application. Methods. Deep comparative analysis of many soil models was conducted on the use of the soil models in numerical analyses of embankment dams during authors work in ICOLD Committee on Analysis and Dam Design. Results. On the basis of the evaluation of the reliability of soil models, recommendations were obtained on the choice and application of these models in the numerical analyses of SSS of embankment dams under action of static and seismic impacts; interactions between the results of these analyses and dam monitoring data were identified.
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6

Sultanov, Tokhirjon, Bakhtiyor Yuldoshev, Elyor Toshmatov, Javlonbek Yarashov, Rustam Ergashev, and Mirziyod Mirsaidov. "Strength assessment of earth dams." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926504015.

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A comparative method for estimating the stress-strain state of earth dams under the effect of static load is given in the paper using spatial and plane-strain models. The results of assessment of stress-strain state of several earth dams using these methods are given. Analysis of the results obtained allows us to conclude that a plane calculation model gives results almost identical to the ones obtained with spatial model; in future that can be the basis for developing recommendations on the use of certain calculation models. Some features of stress state in a spatial case are revealed, indicating the occurrence of dangerous areas with the greatest stresses.
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7

Qiu, Jianchun, Dongjian Zheng, and Kai Zhu. "Seepage Monitoring Models Study of Earth-Rock Dams Influenced by Rainstorms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1656738.

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For earth-rock dams influenced by rainstorms, seepage status monitoring is very important and provides the basis for the safe and effective operation of earth-rock dams. The most influential factors concerning the seepage of earth-rock dams are the reservoir water level, precipitation, temperature, and timeliness, and the influence of the reservoir water level and precipitation on the seepage of an earth-rock dam exhibits hysteretic effects. The reservoir water level of an earth-rock dam abruptly increases and may exceed the historically highest water level, therein causing new deformations of the earth-rock dam or even plastic deformation. Thus, the permeability coefficient for parts of an earth-rock dam changes, and we present the exceeded water level factor. Considering the complexity of the seepage monitoring of earth-rock dams, based on the hysteretic reservoir water level and precipitation, temperature, timeliness, and the exceeded water level factor, a statistical model based on an explicit function and an artificial wavelet neural network model based on an implicit function are established. Based on these two models, an integrated monitoring model based on maximum entropy theory is established. At the end of this paper, three monitoring models are used for the seepage monitoring of a measuring point of an earth-rock dam influenced by rainstorms, and the results show that the three monitoring models obtain satisfactory predication accuracy.
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8

Menichini, Daniela, Mesk Alrais, Chen Liu, Yang Xia, Sean C. Blackwell, Fabio Facchinetti, Baha M. Sibai, and Monica Longo. "Maternal Supplementation of Inositols, Fucoxanthin, and Hydroxytyrosol in Pregnant Murine Models of Hypertension." American Journal of Hypertension 33, no. 7 (March 17, 2020): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa041.

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Abstract Background Myoinositol (M) and D-chiro-inositol (D) are insulin sensitizer compounds, while fucoxanthin (F) and hydroxytyrosol (H) are antioxidant substances. We aim to investigate if the combination of these compounds, will improve the vascular responses in pregnant mouse models of hypertension: a genetic model, transgenic heterozygous mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS−/+); and environmental, wild-type (WT) mice. Those mouse models will allow a better understanding of the genetic/environmental contribution to hypertension in pregnancy. Methods eNOS−/+ and WT female were fed high fat diet for 4 weeks, then at 7–8 weeks of age were mated with WT male. On gestational day (GD) 1, they were randomly allocated to receive MDFH treatment or water as control: eNOS−/+ MDFH (n = 13), eNOS−/+ (n = 13), WT-MDFH (n = 14), and WT (n = 20). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was obtained at GD 18, then dams were sacrificed; fetuses and placentas collected, and 2 mm segments of carotid arteries isolated for vascular responses using the wire-myograph system. Responses to phenylephrine (PE), with/without the NOS inhibitor (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)), and to acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprussiate (SNP) were performed. Results SBP decreased in eNOS−/+ and WT dams after MDFH supplementation. In eNOS−/+, MDFH lower the contractile response to PE and l-NAME and improved Ach vasorelaxation. In WT dams, MDFH treatment did not affect PE response; MDFH treatment lowered the vascular PE response after incubation with l-NAME. No differences were seen in SNP relaxation in both models. Conclusions MDFH decreased SBP in both genetically and environmentally hypertensive dams and improved vascular responses mostly in the eNOS−/+ dams.
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9

Hu, Shao Qing, and Bai Tao Sun. "Dynamic Responses of Arch Dams Considering Different Reservoir Models." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3923.

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In this paper, the dynamic responses of an arch dam in the case of normal water level and operating low water level were simulated by using additional mass model and incompressible finite element model for reservoir respectively. The results showed that the reservoir models have a great impact on dynamic response of arch dams. The maximum principle tensile stress using incompressible finite element model of fluid is less than that using additional mass model. With the depth of the reservoir water increasing, the hydrodynamic pressure acting ton the dam surface caused by earthquake force increased and the dynamic responses of dam also increased.
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10

Van Vleck, L. D. "Alternative animal models with maternal effects and foster dams." Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 4026–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1990.68124026x.

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11

Dolezalova, Marta, and Ivo Hladik. "Constitutive Models for Simulation of Field Performance of Dams." International Journal of Geomechanics 11, no. 6 (December 2011): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000039.

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12

Cervera, Miguel, Javier Oliver, and Rui Faria. "Seismic evaluation of concrete dams via continuum damage models." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 24, no. 9 (September 1995): 1225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240905.

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13

Capriglioni Cancian, Claudia Regina, Nayara Carvalho Leite, Elisangela Gueiber Montes, Stefani Valeria Fisher, Leticia Waselcoski, Emily Caroline Lopes Stal, Renata Zanardini Christoforo, and Sabrina Grassiolli. "Histological and Metabolic State of Dams Suckling Small Litter or MSG-Treated Pups." Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1678541.

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Lactation is an important function that is dependent on changes in the maternal homeostasis and sustained by histological maternal adjustments. We evaluated how offspring manipulations during the lactational phase can modulate maternal morphologic aspects in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets of lactating dams. Two different models of litter-manipulation-during-lactation were used: litter sizes, small litters (SL) or normal litters (NL) and subcutaneous injections in the puppies of monosodium glutamate (MSG), or saline (CON). SL Dams and MSG Dams presented an increase in WAT content and higher plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, and insulin, in relation to NL Dams and CON Dams, respectively. The MG of SL Dams and MSG Dams presented a high adipocyte content and reduced alveoli development and the milk of the SL Dams presented a higher calorie and triglyceride content, compared to that of the NL Dams. SL Dams presented a reduction in islet size and greater lipid droplet accumulation in BAT, in relation to NL Dams. SL Dams and MSG Dams present similar responses to offspring manipulation during lactation, resulting in changes in metabolic parameters. These alterations were associated with higher fat accumulation in BAT and changes in milk composition only in SL Dams.
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14

Cai, Mingxiang, Mohammadreza Koopialipoor, Danial Jahed Armaghani, and Binh Thai Pham. "Evaluating Slope Deformation of Earth Dams Due to Earthquake Shaking Using MARS and GMDH Techniques." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041486.

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Assessing the behavior of earth dams under dynamic loads is one of the most significant problems with the design of such large structures. The purpose of this study is to provide new models for predicting dam dispersion in real earthquake conditions. In the first phase, 103 real cases of deformation in earth dams were collected and analyzed due to earthquakes that occurred over recent years. Using nonlinear and machine learning techniques, i.e., group method of data handling (GMDH) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), two models for prediction of the slope deformation in earth dams under the various types of earthquakes were applied and developed. The main parameters used in these simulation techniques were earthquake magnitude (Mw), fundamental period ratio (Td/Tp), yield acceleration ratio (ay/amax) as inputs and value of slope deformation (Dave) as output. Finally, in order to check the accuracy of the results of the new models, a comparison was made with the previous relations and models in seismic conditions for the slope deformation in earth dams. The results showed that the MARS model, which is able to provide a mathematical equation, has a better result than the GMDH model. These new models are recommended to be used for future analyses based on their flexible capabilities.
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15

Lakusic, Stjepan. "Comparative study of various smeared crack models for concrete dams." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 71, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.1540.2015.

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16

Siddiqua, S., J. A. Blatz, and N. C. Privat. "Evaluating the behaviour of instrumented prototype rockfill dams." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 3 (March 2013): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2011-0371.

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This paper studies the behaviour of prototype rockfill dams under turbulent flow conditions to identify the flow-through characteristics of rockfill materials and examines conventional design principles. Two scales of prototype rockfill dams were studied. The first type of prototype tests included fifteen 0.5 m tall dams constructed with three different downstream slope angles. The dams were monitored for upstream and downstream water level, discharge rate, particle movement on the downstream face, and any noticeable failure (local or global) during the experiments. The second set of prototype tests included two 1.2 m tall dams constructed to study the internal hydraulic conditions and required a flow environment to initiate particle movements in rockfill structures. The results from the testing of small-dimension dams (mini-dams) provided understanding for developing the methodologies to optimize the design and construction of the scale-dam tests. The hydraulic performances of the scale-dams are presented using vibrating-wire piezometers measurements. Experimental data of the stage–discharge relationship are compared with predictive models, which show strong correlations.
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17

Chen, Siyu, Chongshi Gu, Chaoning Lin, Erfeng Zhao, and Jintao Song. "Safety Monitoring Model of a Super-High Concrete Dam by Using RBF Neural Network Coupled with Kernel Principal Component Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1712653.

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Effective deformation monitoring is vital for the structural safety of super-high concrete dams. The radial displacement of the dam body is an important index of dam deformation, which is mainly influenced by reservoir water level, temperature effect, and time effect. In general, the safety monitoring models of dams are built on the basis of statistical models. The temperature effect of dam safety monitoring models is interpreted using approximate functions or the temperature values of a few points of measurement. However, this technique confers difficulty in representing the nonlinear features of the temperature effect on super-high concrete dams. In this study, a safety monitoring model of super-high concrete dams is established through the radial basis neural network (RBF-NN) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). The RBF-NN with strong nonlinear fitting capacity is utilized as the framework of the model, and KPCA with different kernels is adopted to extract the temperature variables of the dam temperature dataset. The model is applied to a super-high arch dam in China, and results show that the Hybrid-KPCA -RBF-NN model has high fitting and prediction precision and thus has practical application value.
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18

Siemens, Alfred H., José Angel Soler Graham, Richard Hebda, and Maija Heimo. "“DAMS” ON THE CANDELARIA." Ancient Mesoamerica 13, no. 1 (January 2002): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536102131075.

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Much has been learned from the basin of the Candelaria River, Campeche, Mexico: the fabric of a densely settled pre-Historic landscape, including impressive ceremonial centers; the logistics of an ancient entrepôt; the process of exploitation of dyewood and chicle in historic times; as well as the doubtful results of the mid-twentieth-century colonization of an “empty” forested basin. It also yielded the first evidence of more or less intensive pre-Hispanic wetland agriculture in the Maya region and the remains of a profuse network of fluvial transportation from prehistoric times to the present. This article presents recent evidence regarding the management of the river system itself by means of barriers, or “dams,” which facilitated agriculture in the wetlands upstream and extensive canoe travel. These structures seem to be elaborations or imitations of the numerous natural barriers already in the stream. Two models help explain context and function. It has become apparent that the human interventions into the wetlands and the river system are to be seen less as great attainments of civilization than as fairly desperate expedients in the face of climate change.
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19

Vázquez, Solangel Rodríguez, and Natalia V. Mokrova. "The integration of mathematical models of the dams in GIS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1425 (December 2019): 012145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1425/1/012145.

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20

Colombo, Martina, Marco Domaneschi, and Aldo Ghisi. "Existing concrete dams: loads definition and finite element models validation." Structural Monitoring and Maintenance 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/smm.2016.3.2.129.

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21

Jin, Ai-Yun, Jian-Wen Pan, Jin-Ting Wang, and Chong Zhang. "Effect of foundation models on seismic response of arch dams." Engineering Structures 188 (June 2019): 578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.048.

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22

Ftima, Mehdi Ben, and Pierre Léger. "Seismic stability of cracked concrete dams using rigid block models." Computers & Structures 84, no. 28 (November 2006): 1802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.04.012.

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23

Sevieri, Giacomo, Anna De Falco, and Giovanni Marmo. "Shedding Light on the Effect of Uncertainties in the Seismic Fragility Analysis of Existing Concrete Dams." Infrastructures 5, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5030022.

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The seismic risk assessment of existing concrete gravity dams is of primary importance for our society because of the fundamental role of these infrastructures in the sustainability of a country. The seismic risk assessment of dams is a challenging task due to the lack of case histories, such as gravity dams’ seismic collapses, which hinders the definition of limit states, thus making the application of any conventional safety assessment approach difficult. Numerical models are then fundamental to predict the seismic behaviour of the complex dam-soil-reservoir interacting system, even though uncertainties strongly affect the results. These uncertainties, mainly related to mechanical parameters and variability of the seismic motion, are among the reasons that, so far, prevented the performance-based earthquake engineering approach from being applied to concrete dams. This paper discusses the main issues behind the application of the performance-based earthquake engineering to existing concrete dams, with particular emphasis on the fragility analysis. After a critical review of the most relevant studies on this topic, the analysis of an Italian concrete gravity dam is presented to show the effect of epistemic uncertainties on the calculation of seismic fragility curves. Finally, practical conclusions are derived to guide professionals to the reduction of epistemic uncertainties, and to the definition of reliable numerical models.
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24

Irgens, Fridtjov, Bonsak Schieldrop, Carl B. Harbitz, Ulrik Domaas, and Runar Opsahl. "Simulations of dense-snow avalanches on deflecting dams." Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog26-1-265-271.

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Two models simulating snow avalanches impacting retaining dams at oblique angles of incidence are presented.First, a lumped-mass model applying the Voellmy-Perla equation is used to calculate the path of the centre-of-mass along the side of a retaining dam.Secondly, a one-dimensional continuum model, applying depth-integrated equations of balance of mass and linear momentum, is expanded to take into account that real avalanche flows are three-dimensional. The centre-line of the avalanche path is determined by the flowing material as it progresses down the channelized avalanche path. The nonlinear constitutive equations comprise viscosity, visco-elasticity and plasticity.Both models are calibrated by simulations of a registered avalanche following a strongly curved channel. The path and the run-up height of the avalanche on the natural deflecting dam with oblique angle of incidence as calculated by the two models, are compared with the observations made.
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Irgens, Fridtjov, Bonsak Schieldrop, Carl B. Harbitz, Ulrik Domaas, and Runar Opsahl. "Simulations of dense-snow avalanches on deflecting dams." Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500014932.

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Two models simulating snow avalanches impacting retaining dams at oblique angles of incidence are presented.First, a lumped-mass model applying the Voellmy-Perla equation is used to calculate the path of the centre-of-mass along the side of a retaining dam.Secondly, a one-dimensional continuum model, applying depth-integrated equations of balance of mass and linear momentum, is expanded to take into account that real avalanche flows are three-dimensional. The centre-line of the avalanche path is determined by the flowing material as it progresses down the channelized avalanche path. The nonlinear constitutive equations comprise viscosity, visco-elasticity and plasticity.Both models are calibrated by simulations of a registered avalanche following a strongly curved channel. The path and the run-up height of the avalanche on the natural deflecting dam with oblique angle of incidence as calculated by the two models, are compared with the observations made.
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26

Kim, Beom-Jin, You-Tae Lee, and Byung-Hyun Kim. "A Study on the Optimal Deep Learning Model for Dam Inflow Prediction." Water 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 2766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172766.

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In the midst of climate change, the need for accurate predictions of dam inflow to reduce flood damage along with stable water supply from water resources is increasing. In this study, the process and method of selecting the optimal deep learning model using hydrologic data over the past 20 years to predict dam inflow were shown. The study area is Andong Dam and Imha Dam located upstream of the Nakdong River in South Korea. In order to select the optimal model for predicting the inflow of two dams, sixteen scenarios (2 × 2 × 4) are generated considering two dams, two climatic conditions, and four deep learning models. During the drought period, the RNN for Andong Dam and the LSTM for Imha Dam were selected as the optimal models for each dam, and the difference between observations was the smallest at 4% and 2%, respectively. In typhoon conditions, the GRU for Andong Dam and the RNN for Imha Dam were selected as optimal models. In the case of Typhoon Maemi, the GRU and the RNN showed a difference of 2% and 6% from the observed maximum inflow, respectively. The optimal recurrent neural network-based models selected in this study showed a closer prediction to the observed inflow than the SFM, which is currently used to predict the inflow of both dams. For the two dams, different optimal models were selected according to watershed characteristics and rainfall under drought and typhoon conditions. In addition, most of the deep learning models were more accurate than the SFM under various typhoon conditions, but the SFM showed better results under certain conditions. Therefore, for efficient dam operation and management, it is necessary to make a rational decision by comparing the inflow predictions of the SFM and deep learning models.
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27

He, Tianfu, Yun Deng, Youcai Tuo, Yanjing Yang, and Naisheng Liang. "Impact of the Dam Construction on the Downstream Thermal Conditions of the Yangtze River." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082973.

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Water temperature is an important factor in aquatic environments. Dam construction, especially the construction of multiple dams in rivers, can greatly affect the downstream water temperature. Several dams, including Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges, and Gezhouba, have been constructed between Panzhihua and Yichang along the Yangtze River. The aim of this paper was to quantify the impact of these dams on the water temperature downstream. One-dimensional and two-dimensional models were used to simulate the water temperatures, and the results showed that the dams had different cumulative effects on it. For example, in January, after the construction of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu dams, the discharge water temperature of Xiangjiaba was 3 °C higher than the natural conditions, and after the construction of the Baihetan and Wudongde dams was completed, it increased by a further 2 °C. The natural river ran over 416 km with no dams from the Xiangjiaba dam to the Cuntan Station. With the influence of climate and tributary inflow, the impact of upstream dams on the water temperature was mitigated by more than 48% at Cuntan Station, displaying a recovery. It seemed that the cumulative effects of dams on the discharge water temperature of the Three Gorges decreased with the increase in the upstream storage capacity from March to May, and the construction of dams even had a negative effect. From September to February of the next year, the cumulative effects increased with the increase of the upstream storage capacity, but only the total storage capacity until a certain level, where no further impact was observed.
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28

Alonso, Eduardo E. "Fracture Mechanics and Rockfill Dams." Soils and Rocks 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.371003.

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Rockfill behavior is dominated by particle breakage, a phenomenon which is analyzed from the perspective offered by the subcritical propagation of cracks within individual particles. Propagation velocity depends on stress concentration in particles as well as on the ambient Relative Humidity (RH). RH controlled oedometer and triaxial tests are reviewed and constitutive models reproducing the main features of observed behavior are outlined. The relevant issue of size effects is then introduced and some rules and possibilities to account for these effects in practice have been given. The Distinct Element Method is also a powerful tool to investigate rockfill behavior. Recent developments are described. The model developed incorporates particle breakage, delayed effects and the action of water. In the final part two real cases are presented: the response of a high rockfill embankment against a four year long rainfall regime and the analysis of Beliche dam. The lecture closes by a general discussion of partial saturation in granular materials ranging from coarse granular aggregates, such as rockfill, to clayey soils in an attempt to provide an integrated overview of water effects in soils.
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Chu, Fu Yong, and Jun Gao Zhu. "Stress and Deformation Characteristics of Rock-Fill Dam with Asphalt Concrete Core Wall Founded on Deep Overburden." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.428.

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Abstract: The stress and deformation of rock-fill dam with asphalt concrete core wall founded on deep overburden is calculated and analyzed by Duncan E-ν model and double-yield-surface model through three-dimensional finite element method. The stress and deformation of dams in water storage period is compared by the two models, the results show that the deformation distribution of dam core via two different models are coincide one another. The horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of rock-fill dam with asphalt concrete core wall by double-yield-surface model is smaller than which by Duncan E-ν model in the period of water storage. Furthermore, the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement by double-yield-surface model, which are close to the practical test data through the deformation via two models are in good agreement. The analysis of core-wall stress via double-yield-surface model is more reasonable than the Duncan E-ν model. The analysis result of resisting hydraulic fracturing of core dams by DuncanE-ν model is coincide which of core dams by double-yield-surface model.
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30

Dumka, Basant Ballabh, and Pravendra Kumar. "Comparative Analysis of Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using Support Vector Machines for Two Dams in Uttarakhand." Journal of Modeling and Simulation of Materials 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/jmsm.5.1.7-20.

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The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the performances of rainfall-runoff models that were developed by using support vector machines (SVMs). Rainfall and runoff data of Haripura and Baur dams were adopted on daily basis from Irrigation Division Rudrapur in Uttarakhand. In this study, radial kernel function was used. As the values of Cost function (C), and varies, performances of the models can be altered. So, at optimum values of these variables, there exists a best correlation between rainfall and runoff. It can be inferred from the study that SVM models provide satisfactory results for both dams. These results can be used for runoff prediction for various purpose such as irrigation etc.
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31

Marquez, Hector, and Mehrad Kamalzare. "Geotechnical risk analyses and evaluation of design criteria of embankment dam systems." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 16015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199216015.

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The integrity of the state and national system of embankment dams and levees is a crucial component in ensuring the safety of protected communities in any country. The failure of such systems due to natural or man-made hazards can have monumental repercussions, sometimes with dramatic and unanticipated consequences on human life, property and the economy of the states and the country. For highly seismic areas such as Southern California, it is critical to investigate and study the seismic response of embankment dams and levees for the afore mentioned reasons. While experimental studies of embankment dams under seismic loads is expensive, very time consuming, and limited, numerical studies usually suffer from lack of legitimate real data for verification of the developed models. However, organizations such as the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) instrument lifeline structures such as earth dams and levees with accelerometers and actively collect strong-motion data. The data obtained from CSMIP accelerometers is then processed by the Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data (CESMD) and made public for earthquake engineering applications. In this study, numerical models of existing earth embankment dams verified with site specific CESMD data are created in order to analyze their stability for a future earthquake, for post-earthquake response purposes. The seismic fragility of the modelled dams was assessed, providing insight for decision makers regarding priority areas important for matters such as maintenance, dam retrofit, or first-aid response locations for a hypothetical major earthquake. Society can benefit from increased awareness of the seismic response of the modelled structures and can be better prepared for a potential catastrophic seismic event.
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32

Bhattacharjee, Sudip S., and Pierre Léger. "Application of NLFM Models to Predict Cracking in Concrete Gravity Dams." Journal of Structural Engineering 120, no. 4 (April 1994): 1255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1994)120:4(1255).

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33

Ramos-Diez, Iván, Joaquín Navarro-Hevia, Roberto San Martín Fernández, Virginia Díaz-Gutiérrez, and Jorge Mongil-Manso. "Geometric models for measuring sediment wedge volume in retention check dams." Water and Environment Journal 30, no. 1-2 (March 2016): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12165.

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34

Léger, P., and S. S. Bhattacharjee. "Reduced frequency-independent models for seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams." Computers & Structures 44, no. 6 (September 1992): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90380-i.

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35

Shul'man, S. G., D. V. Monakhenko, and V. L. As'kov. "Seismic stress state of arch dams on large-scale physical models." Hydrotechnical Construction 19, no. 9 (September 1985): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01439467.

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36

Aniskin, N. A., A. S. Antonov, Y. B. Mgalobelov, and A. V. Deyneko. "Studying the filtration mode of large dams’ foundations on mathematical models." Vestnik MGSU, no. 10 (October 2014): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2014.10.114-131.

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37

Daniell, W. E., and C. A. Taylor. "Effective ambient vibration testing for validating numerical models of concrete dams." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 28, no. 11 (November 1999): 1327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9845(199911)28:11<1327::aid-eqe869>3.0.co;2-v.

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38

Jiang, Dingguo, Yun Xu, Yang Lu, Jingyi Gao, and Kang Wang. "Forecasting Water Temperature in Cascade Reservoir Operation-Influenced River with Machine Learning Models." Water 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142146.

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Water temperature (WT) is a critical control for various physical and biochemical processes in riverine systems. Although the prediction of river water temperature has been the subject of extensive research, very few studies have examined the relative importance of elements affecting WT and how to accurately estimate WT under the effects of cascaded dams. In this study, a series of potential influencing variables, such as air temperature, dew temperature, river discharge, day of year, wind speed and precipitation, were used to forecast daily river water temperature downstream of cascaded dams. First, the permutation importance of the influencing variables was ranked in six different machine learning models, including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), adaptive boosting (AB), support vector regression (SVR) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) models. The results showed that day of year (DOY) plays the most important role in each model for the prediction of WT, followed by flow and temperature, which are two commonly important factors in unregulated rivers. Then, combinations of the three most important inputs were used to develop the most parsimonious model based on the six machine learning models, where their performance was compared according to statistical metrics. The results demonstrated that GB3 and RF3 gave the most accurate forecasts for the training dataset and the test dataset, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the machine learning model could be effectively applied to predict river water temperature under the regulation of cascaded dams.
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39

Park, DongSoon, and Tadahiro Kishida. "Seismic Response of Embankment Dams Based on Recorded Strong-Motion Data in Japan." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 2 (May 2019): 955–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/042918eqs107m.

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It is important to investigate strong-motion time series recorded at dams to understand their complex seismic responses. This paper develops a strong-motion database recorded at existing embankment dams and analyzes correlations between dam dynamic responses and ground-motion parameters. The Japan Commission on Large Dams database used here includes 190 recordings at the crests and foundations of 60 dams during 54 earthquakes from 1978 to 2012. Seismic amplifications and fundamental periods from recorded time series were computed and examined by correlation with shaking intensities and dam geometries. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the dam crest increases as the PGA at the foundation bedrock increases, but their ratio gradually decreases. The fundamental period broadly increases with the dam height and PGA at the foundation bedrock. The nonlinear dam response becomes more apparent as the PGA at the foundation bedrock becomes >0.2 g. The prediction models of these correlations are proposed for estimating the seismic response of embankment dams, which can inform the preliminary design stage.
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40

Wang, S. S., Y. F. Zhang, M. S. Cao, and W. Xu. "Effects of Contraction Joints on Vibrational Characteristics of Arch Dams: Experimental Study." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/327362.

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This study experimentally investigates the effects of contraction joints on the vibrational characteristics of high arch dams. Three scale models of the world’s second highest dam, the Xiaowan Arch Dam, are used as experimental specimens identified by zero, one, and two contraction joints. When a scale model vibrates harmonically at a specific frequency, its operating deflection shape is acquired by using a scanning laser vibrometer to scan the side surface of the model. The effects of contraction joints on the vibrational characteristics of arch dams are studied by examining the changes in operating deflection shapes. Experimental results demonstrate that (i) contraction joints can significantly affect the vibrational characteristics of arch dams, (ii) the operating deflection shape intuitively illustrates the vibrational characteristics of arch dams, and (iii) a scanning laser vibrometer has marked advantages over traditional equipment in accurately and efficiently acquiring full-field dynamic responses of a structure.
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41

Akhlaghi, Tohid, and Ali Nikkar. "Evaluation of the Pseudostatic Analyses of Earth Dams Using FE Simulation and Observed Earthquake-Induced Deformations: Case Studies of Upper San Fernando and Kitayama Dams." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/585462.

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Evaluation of the accuracy of the pseudostatic approach is governed by the accuracy with which the simple pseudostatic inertial forces represent the complex dynamic inertial forces that actually exist in an earthquake. In this study, the Upper San Fernando and Kitayama earth dams, which have been designed using the pseudostatic approach and damaged during the 1971 San Fernando and 1995 Kobe earthquakes, were investigated and analyzed. The finite element models of the dams were prepared based on the detailed available data and results of in situ and laboratory material tests. Dynamic analyses were conducted to simulate the earthquake-induced deformations of the dams using the computer program Plaxis code. Then the pseudostatic seismic coefficient used in the design and analyses of the dams were compared with the seismic coefficients obtained from dynamic analyses of the simulated model as well as the other available proposed pseudostatic correlations. Based on the comparisons made, the accuracy and reliability of the pseudostatic seismic coefficients are evaluated and discussed.
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42

Zlatuška, Karel. "Assessing the Use of Sunken Lanes for Water Retention in a Landscape." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-012-0021-8.

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ABSTRACTNewly-designed structures and landscaping elements are often used for flood protection.This article assesses the use of existing sunken lanes for retaining water in a landscape andthe sedimentation of washed-off soil. The article also describes ways how to preserve or, atleast minimally disrupt, existing biotopes and landscape segments. Geodetic data from onespecific sunken lane in South Moravia in the Czech Republic were transferred to a digitalterrain model; 9 models were subsequently generated, each with a different longitudinalsunken lane bed slope. Retention dams consisting of gabions were placed in them. Thenumber of dams, the volume of structures made of steel gabions, and the retention areavolume behind the dams were determined for each model specifically. It was determinedthat the number of dams, as well as their total volume, increased with the averagelongitudinal slope of the sunken lane bed. It was also discovered that the retention volumeremained almost the same, as it only very slightly decreases with an increasing longitudinalslope.
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43

Paggi, Marco, Giuseppe Ferro, and Franco Braga. "Seismic Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams: Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics Models and Size-Scale Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.374.

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The phenomenon of interface crack propagation in concrete gravity dams underseismic loading is herein addressed. This problem is particularly important from the engineeringpoint of view. In fact, besides Mixed-Mode crack growth in concrete, dam failure is oftenthe result of crack propagation along the rock-concrete interface at the dam foundation. Toanalyze such a problem, the generalized interface constitutive law recently proposed by the¯rst author is used to proper modelling the phenomenon of crack closing and reopening at theinterface. A damage variable is also introduced in the cohesive zone formulation in order topredict crack propagation under repeated loadings. Special attention is given to the complexityresulting from the solution of the nonlinear dynamic problem and to the choice of the interfaceconstitutive parameters, taking into account the important size-scale e®ects observed in thesecyclopic structures. Numerical examples will show the capabilities of the proposed approachwhen applied to concrete gravity dams.
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44

Safayenikoo, Hamed. "Comprehensive Assessment of the Effect of Water Pressure on the Development of Cracks in Gravity Concrete Dams." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6535365.

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In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to ensure the safety and stability of concrete dams. The development of numerical methods in considering more factors affecting the response of dams and also increasing the accuracy of calculation methods has played an important role in ensuring the safety of concrete dams. Therefore, one of the most important points in the design and analysis of concrete dams is to predict the location of cracks, expand it, investigate the phenomenon of hydraulic failure, consider the pressure caused by the infiltration of reservoir water into cracks and joints in static and dynamic states, and find solutions prevention of dam destruction due to this phenomenon. In the study of the effect of tensile strength, with increasing tensile strength, the reservoir water level increases at the beginning of cracking and the final reservoir water level increases, but there is no linear relationship between tensile strength and the two responses. In general, in examining the refractive energy parameter in each of the states with and without taking into account the water pressure inside the crack, the results of the mentioned models are slightly different from each other, but comparing the results shows that in nonlinear analysis considering water pressure inside the crack failure energy change has a greater impact on the results of these models.
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45

Mirsaidov, Mirziyod, Tokhirjon Sultanov, Javlon Yarashov, and Elyor Toshmatov. "Assessment of dynamic behaviour of earth dams taking into account large strains." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705019.

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This paper presents the results of the assessment and prediction of the dynamic behavior of earth dams of various heights, taking into account large strains (geometric nonlinearity) and inhomogeneous features of structures under multi-component kinematic effects. A mathematical model, methodology and algorithm for estimating dynamic behavior of earth dams taking into account inhomogeneous features of structures and large strains in spatial and plane statements are given. Dynamic behavior of the models of the Pachkamar, Gissarak and Nurek earth dams has been studied taking into account large strains and inhomogeneous features of structures in various pre-resonant and resonant modes under multi-component kinematic effect. A number of new effects associated with the manifestation of large strains in the structure under various dynamic influences are revealed.
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46

Lopes, R. A. C., E. P. Santos, and L. A. C. M. Veloso. "Behavior prediction models and control charts for safety control of concrete dams." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 5, no. 3 (June 2012): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952012000300003.

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This paper presents a study for improving measurement procedures on concrete dams based on the development of behavior prediction models using multiple regression and control charts. The series of displacements of the TA-2 concrete block crest of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, the largest Brazilian hydroelectric power plant, was taken as an example of application. The methodology that was used generated a behavior prediction model that is in good agreement with the measured displacements. Two types of control charts were tested, both of which identified the change in structural behavior of the block.
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47

Altunkaynak, Abdusselam, and Hasan G. Elmazoghi. "Neuro-fuzzy models for prediction of breach formation time of embankment dams." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 31, no. 3 (August 13, 2016): 1929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-16115.

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48

Loupasakis, C. J., B. G. Christaras, G. Ch Dimopoulos, and T. N. Hatzigogos. "Evaluation of Plasticity Models’ Ability to Analyze Typical Earth Dams’ Soil Materials." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 27, no. 1 (May 6, 2008): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-008-9212-5.

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49

Tatin, M., M. Briffaut, F. Dufour, A. Simon, and J. P. Fabre. "Thermal displacements of concrete dams: Accounting for water temperature in statistical models." Engineering Structures 91 (May 2015): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.047.

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50

Mahmoud, Mahmoud I., and Mustafa N. Kasim. "Sediment Yield Problems in Khassa Chai Watershed Using Hydrologic Models." Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal 3, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.v3n1y2019.pp34-41.

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Upland erosion and sedimentation are one of the severe problems which faces dams as sediments occupy spaces within reservoirs storage, hence, decreasing live water storage which is the main purpose of dam’s construction. Iraq is one of the countries that will face a significant shortage of water income as a result of both the increment in water demand and of the reduction of water shares from the source countries. Thus, the existing dams in Iraq represent a strategic resource to fulfill water demands, and the sedimentation at these dams is studied to assess the quantity of sediments that reach to these reservoirs and decrease available water volume and useful life of reservoir. In the current study, Khassa Chai Dam is located in the Northeast of Iraq and its main watershed basin covers an area of about 412 km2 between Kirkuk and Al Sulaymaniyah Governorates has been selected to estimate and predict the amount of sediment yield based on 30 years of daily climate data and the events of different intensity rainstorms. Automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool model has been used to simulate Khassa Chai Dam catchment area. This model utilizes the geographic information system (GIS) application to analyze the required data from GIS layer for digital elevation model, soil type, land use, and land cover by interference with the required climate data. The key components of AGWA model are the soil and water assessment tool model and kinematic runoff and erosion (KINEROS) model which are able to simulate complex watershed behavior to explicitly account for spatial variability of soils, rainfall distribution patterns, and vegetation. The hydrologic characteristics for Khassa Chai catchment area according to the SWAT outputs show that the most erosive sub-basins are not able to deliver the eroded material or sediments to the reservoir due to their transmission losses, percolation, and other minor obstacles. KINEROS model simulation for sediment yield is much closer to the behavior of Khassa Chai watershed in erosion and sediment transport according to the single storm events and for individually selected sub-watersheds which are closed in their location to reservoir inlet.
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