Journal articles on the topic 'Dams - environmental aspects'
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Mayoral, Juan M., and Miguel P. Romo. "Geo-Seismic Environmental Aspects Affecting Tailings Dams Failures." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2008.212.222.
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Pacheco, Admilson Da Penha, Renato Filipe Faria Henriques, and Paulo Marcelo Vieira Ribeiro. "Technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil: a theoretical approach." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2552.
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The safety of a dam is the result of a series of factors, including structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, operational and environmental aspects. In Brazil, Law No. 12.334 of September 2010 establishes the National Dam Safety Policy, which requires safety reports and monitoring inspections for existing dams. The inspection comprises a set of devices installed on the dam, which are used to assess the structural behavior based on performance parameters of the structure, such as displacements, flows, stresses, slopes and others. Dam auscultation procedures, historically, have been performed since the 1950s. Since then, there have been significant advances in instrumentation and dam auscultation methods. This work presents a theoretical approach on technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil, based on a state-of-the-art literature review, involving auscultation of dams in the context of design codes, concepts, instrumentation, safety, procedures and monitoring methods.
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Imhoff, K. R. "Dams and the Environment." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0068.
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Reservoirs and environment interrelate with each other. The design interferes with given structures and uses. There are influences on flora and fauna. New demands are created. The different aspects are dealt with. Solutions are presented.
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Ossowski, Rafał. "Environmental Aspects of Coastal Earth Structures Made of Soil-Ash Composites." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0035.
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Abstract This paper presents an innovative technology of building the coastal dams with the use of soil-ash composites. A natural- scale test stand and results of the performed environmental tests are presented; they have been compared with standards for purity of soils and waters. Also, an analysis of the obtained results and discussion of trends and anomalies in the observations, are given.
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Gu, Hao, Xiao Fu, Yantao Zhu, Yijun Chen, and Lixian Huang. "Analysis of Social and Environmental Impact of Earth-Rock Dam Breaks Based on a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156239.
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A large proportion of the dams in China are earth-rock dams. Regarding the well-studied loss of life and economic consequences due to dam breaks, this paper introduces the causes and modes of earth-rock dam breaks and the corresponding dam-break losses in terms of the social and environmental aspects. This study formulates the evaluation index system and criteria of earth-rock dam breaks’ impact on society and the environment based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that the evaluation grade of the social and environmental impact of the dam break of the Liujiatai Reservoir was “serious”. Therefore, similar dams in China should take corresponding measures in advance to reduce the social and environmental impact of earth-rock dam breaks.
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Grünwald, Richard, Wenling Wang, and Yan Feng. "Politicization of the Hydropower Dams in the Lancang-Mekong Basin: A Review of Contemporary Environmental Challenges." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051682.
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To date, hydropower dams raise numerous interpretations about their impact on the Lancang-Mekong River. While most research studies analyze the negative aspects of hydropower development on people’s livelihoods and local environments, the hydropower sector was historically one of the most iconic economic segments facilitating transboundary water cooperation for decades. By using the constructive discourse analysis and critical political ecology approach, the presented text (1) outlines the current environmental narratives over the Lancang-Mekong hydropower development and (2) explores the politicization of the Chinese mainstream dams. The data were collected upon the multi-level content analysis of relevant sources and double-checked with the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database (LMCCD) monitoring over 4000 water-related events among six riparian countries between 1990 and 2021. Our data show that (i) there is a stark contrast in positive and negative narratives over the rapid hydropower development, (ii) the impact of mainstream dams on the river is more often discussed than that of tributary dams, (iii) implications of the hydropower dams are often interpreted upon the non-traditional research inputs rather than widely accepted studies, and (iv) developing the contradictory arguments through social and public media contributes to greater polarization of the multi-stakeholders’ viewpoints in the accountable research dialogue.
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Cacciuttolo, Carlos, Alvar Pastor, Patricio Valderrama, and Edison Atencio. "Process Water Management and Seepage Control in Tailings Storage Facilities: Engineered Environmental Solutions Applied in Chile and Peru." Water 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010196.
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In the past thirty years many mining projects in Chile and Peru have used: (i) polymeric geomembranes and (ii) design-and-build cutoff trenches, plastic concrete slurry walls, and grout curtain systems to control seepage at tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Geosynthetics are a viable alternative at a TSF dam for clay cores or impermeable materials, mainly because of their marked advantages in cost, installation, and construction time. This article describes the use of geosynthetics liners and cutoff trench–plastic concrete slurry walls–grout curtain systems in TSF dams in Chile and Peru mining, with the objective to decrease seepage to the environment, considering different dam material cases such as: cycloned tailings sand dams, borrow dams, and mine waste rock dams. Finally, this article discusses aspects of geosynthetic technology acceptance in the local regulatory frameworks, lessons learned, and advances. It focuses on the use and implementation of geosynthetics in TSFs in Chile and Peru, which have some of the highest TSF dams in the world, as well as a wet environment, dry environment, extreme topography, and severe seismic conditions. These conditions constitute a challenge for manufacturers, engineers, and contractors, who must achieve optimal technical solutions, while being environmentally aware and economic.
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Cota, Guilherme Eduardo Macedo, Nayara Mariana Gonzaga Rosa, Camila Esteves Romeiro, Izabela Aparecida da Silva Mendes, and Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior. "ASPECTOS LEGAIS DA SEGURANÇA DE BARRAGENS DE REJEITO DE MINÉRIO: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL E USOS MÚLTIPLOS DA ÁGUA NO ALTO RIO DAS VELHAS (MG)." GEOgraphia 21, no. 45 (June 7, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2019.v21i45.a14478.
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: A construção de barramentos para a contenção de rejeitos provenientes da exploração mineral é uma prática comum em Minas Gerais, principalmente no Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Os riscos ambientais associados ao colapso destas estruturas favoreceram a elaboração de parâmetros legais que regulam as barragens de rejeito de minério no Brasil, estabelecidos através da Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens e do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Segurança de Barragens. A bacia do Alto Rio das Velhas está totalmente inserida no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, onde a mineração se sobressai em diferentes contextos de uso e ocupação do solo no entorno dos cursos d’água. Deste modo, destaca-se a importância da realização de estudos que abordem os aspectos e instrumentos legais tocantes à segurança de barragens de rejeitos, fomentando reflexões acerca das implicações e dos riscos inerentes à instalação e à manutenção deste tipo de estrutura na região. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta um panorama dos aspectos jurídicos, legais e administrativos que envolvem a segurança de barragens de rejeito de minério instaladas na região do Alto Rio das Velhas e faz uma reflexão sobre o seu contexto espacial, apontando os problemas, riscos e consequências para a qualidade ambiental e a manutenção de usos múltiplos da água na bacia.Palavras-chave: Mineração. Riscos ambientais. Quadrilátero Ferrífero. LEGAL ASPECTS ON SAFETY OF MINING REJECT DAMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND MULTIPLE WATER USES IN THE UPPER RIO DAS VELHAS BASIN (MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL)Abstract: The construction of dams to store and contain mineral tailings is a common practice in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, mainly in the so-called “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” geological region (iron quadrangle). The environmental risks associated with the collapse of these structures favored the elaboration of legal parameters that regulate this sector in Brazil. These parameters are established through the national policy on dam’s safety and the national information system on dam’s safety. The Alto Rio das Velhas basin is totally inserted in the “Quadrilátero Ferrífero”, where mining excels in different contexts of land use and occupation around the water courses. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies that address the legal aspects and instruments related to the safety of mining tailings dams, motivating reflections about the implications and risks inherent to the their installation and maintenance in the region. In this sense, this article presents an overview of the juridical, legal and administrative aspects that involve the safety of mining tailings dams installed in the region and reflects on their spatial context, pointing out the problems, risks and consequences for environmental quality around maintaining commitment of water multiple uses in the basin.Keywords: Mining. Environmental risks. “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” (iron quadrangle).
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LETURCQ, GUILLAUME. "DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0254r1v1922016.
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Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.
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Veronez, Diego Velloso, Karina Camasmie Abe, and Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia. "Health Impact Assessment of the construction of hydroelectric dams in Brazil." Chronicles of Health Impact Assessment 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21777.
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Background: Brazil´s dam-building plans in Amazonia imply substantial environmental and social impacts. This study evaluates the relationship between social, environmental, and economic aspects and impacts on the health status of the population of Rondônia, Brazil, due to the implementation of the Jirau and Santo Antônio hydroelectric dams. Methods: A qualitative and retrospective Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is used to focus the study objectives. The information is arranged in a structured diagram that enables an outside reviewer to assess the aspects/impacts relationship derived from the construction of the dams. This comes with outline recommendations for health risk management that can orient national health authorities. We selected a narrative review synthesis as the most appropriate approach for the study. Results: The diagram network was built making it possible to analyse the impact changes caused by this enterprise in the health sector. Additionally, the model will serve in the implementation of a complete HIA approach in an attempt to quantitatively map the impacts and to propose recommendations. Conclusion: This effort is very important for highlighting the priorities in the public policy decision-making process, serving as a basis for the Brazilian Health System.
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Movahednejad, Farzaneh. "Exploration a New Model for Assessment the Environmental Risk of Dams in Construction Stage (Case Study: Balarood Dam, Khuzestan)." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 04 (October 28, 2021): 1215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i04.12650.
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Dam projects have serious influences on environmental parameters; therefore, environment risk assessment of dam is one of the most significant aspects of environmental risk management in these projects. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a new model for assessing the environmental risk of dams in construction stage. After identifying environmental risks and using the EFMEA method, the risk priority number for each of the environmental aspects was calculated and classified. Then, to assess and prioritize the identified environmental risks, the VIKOR method was used. The results showed that in The EFMEA method and by comparing calculated risk numbers, the risk of water pollution of Balarood River with the risk priority number of 125 is in the first priority. In the VIKOR method, the risks of water pollution in terms of agreement (high, average, low) with weights (1,300, 1,000 and 0,700) were identified as the most important risks. In the present article, using EFMEA and VIKOR methods in the environmental risk assessment of the dam, the most important risks were determined. The most important proposed corrective measure to reduce the environmental risks is the construction and completion of wastewater treatment for industrial units.
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Baurzhan, Saule, Glenn P. Jenkins, and Godwin O. Olasehinde-Williams. "The Economic Performance of Hydropower Dams Supported by the World Bank Group, 1975–2015." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092673.
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This paper assesses the economic benefits of 57 World Bank Group-sponsored hydropower dam plant investments. Hydropower dams are among the main sources for producing electricity and the largest renewable source for power generation throughout the world. Hydropower dams are often a lower-cost option for power generation in Clean Energy Transition for addressing global climate change. Despite its conspicuous aspects, constructing hydropower dams has been controversial. Considering the World Bank’s long history as the largest hydropower development financier, this study investigates its performance in supporting hydropower dams. The outcomes of this study apply to the wider hydropower development community. Of the projects in this study, 70% experienced a cost overrun, and more than 80% of projects experienced time overruns, incurring potential additional costs as a result. Despite the high cost and time overruns, this hydropower portfolio of dams produced a present value of net economic benefits by 2016 of over half a trillion USD. Based on our findings, the evaluated hydropower portfolio helped avoid over a billion tonnes of CO2 for an estimated global environmental benefit valued at nearly USD 350 billion. The projects’ additional environmental benefits raise the real rate of return from 15.4% to 17.3%. The implication for hydropower developers is that the projects’ assessment should consider cost and time overrun and factor them into the project-planning contingency scenarios. There is a considerable benefit for developing countries to exploit their hydropower resources if they can be developed according to industry practices and international standards. The case for developing hydropower may be stronger when considering its climate benefits. The net economic benefits of hydropower can be even higher if there is a greater effort to manage cost and time overruns.
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Schulz, Christopher, and William M. Adams. "In search of the good dam: contemporary views on dam planning in Latin America." Sustainability Science 16, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00870-2.
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AbstractDam planning and construction is notoriously difficult. It is highly complex, involving a multitude of social, environmental, economic and technological questions that often become politicised in the process; negative impacts are often concentrated on small, vulnerable groups within society, while the benefits are typically spread in a much more diffuse pattern; it requires changing riverine ecosystems, often irreversibly so; and it takes a very long time, with often harsh consequences if mistakes are made. These challenges have generated decades of debate around dams and development, yet it is not clear how dam planning and management can be improved. To address this question, the present study used Q methodology to analyse the views of social and environmental researchers on dams in Latin America on the principles that should guide dam development. The Q analysis rendered three idealised viewpoints: The first suggested that defending the rights of vulnerable people should be the main priority, as a counterbalance to the natural bias towards economically and politically powerful actors within the political economy of dam construction. The second implied adoption of a holistic and scientific vision towards dam decision-making and a focus of efforts on perfecting formal procedures and participatory processes to build better dams in the future. The third called into question the need for dams altogether and concentrated attention on invisible and overlooked aspects of dam decision-making, particularly past injustices, and the rights of indigenous communities to determine their own model of development. Each viewpoint represents an alternative vision for future dam planning and clarifies the choices available to policy-makers and development actors. Moreover, viewpoints give insights into the motivations of those who seek to inform debates on dams and development. While they were identified in the context of dam-decision making, our findings may also be relevant to other fields of sustainable development.
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Bouaanani, Najib, Patrick Paultre, and Jean Proulx. "Dynamic response of a concrete dam impounding an ice-covered reservoir: Part II. Parametric and numerical study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-076.
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This paper presents a numerical and parametric study of the effect of an ice cover on the dynamic response of a concrete dam using the approach proposed in the companion paper in this issue. The method was programmed and implemented in a finite element code specialized for the seismic analysis of concrete dams. The 84-m-high Outardes 3 concrete gravity dam in northeastern Quebec was chosen as a model for this research. Some basic aspects of the numerical model are established in this paper and we show that the ice cover affects the dynamic response of the ice–dam–reservoir system. Main features of this influence are emphasized and discussed in a parametric study through the analysis of: (i) acceleration frequency response curves at the dam crest, (ii) hydrodynamic frequency response curves inside the reservoir, and (iii) the hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the upstream face of the dam. Key words: gravity dams, concrete dams, ice, reservoirs, mathematical models, ice–structure interaction, fluid–structure interaction, forced-vibration testing, finite elements modelling.
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Cacciuttolo Vargas, Carlos, and Alex Marinovic Pulido. "Sustainable Management of Thickened Tailings in Chile and Peru: A Review of Practical Experience and Socio-Environmental Acceptance." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710901.
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The “Thickened Tailings Disposal” (TTD) technology produces a high density mine waste that allows for the storage of this material without the need to manage large slurry tailings storage facilities (TSFs) and large dams. TTD has been applied considering site specific conditions of Chile and Peru, such as extreme climatic conditions, seismic risks, water scarcity, community demands, and environmental constraints. This review highlights the contribution of several experiences in Chile and Peru, which have chosen TTD technology for reduction of negative environmental impacts, mainly focusing on the following issues: (i) increase of tailings water recovery, (ii) reduction of TSFs footprint (impacted areas), (iii) decrease the risk of physical instability, avoiding the construction of high dams, and (iv) decrease of TSFs seepages. Finally, the article describes the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (aspects to improve) of TTD, where nowadays a high degree of dewatering of tailings is seen as a safe option, considering the occurrence of some TSF dam failures recently worldwide, which has resulted in severe environmental pollution. A better environmental perception about TTD of authorities and communities, considering that this technology allows to satisfy the needs of stable and safe TSFs, make the TTD be more acceptable, popular and one of the best available technologies (BATs) for operations with mine tailings.
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Cuce, Erdem, Pinar Mert Cuce, Shaik Saboor, Aritra Ghosh, and Yahya Sheikhnejad. "Floating PVs in Terms of Power Generation, Environmental Aspects, Market Potential, and Challenges." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052626.
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Limited reserves of fossil fuels, rising environmental concerns, and a remarkable increase in electricity demand have led to the necessity of harnessing solar energy on a large scale. For this purpose, there has been a noticeable stimulation into photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) over the last three decades, but the land requirement for PVPPs is still a handicap in many countries since valuable lands are considered for other purposes such as agriculture and livestock. For effective conservation of valuable lands and water resources, PVPPs are preferred to be installed on various water bodies such as oceans, seas, lagoons, lakes, rivers, dams, canals, wastewater treatment plants, irrigation ponds, fish farms, wineries, reservoirs, etc. PV systems on water bodies are called floating PVPPs, and they have outstanding advantages compared with land-based PVPPs including better energy generation owing to passive cooling effects, higher system efficiency and reliability, and lower dirt and dust accumulation on PV modules thus lower operating costs. There are also some significant environmental features provided by floating PVs. Shading effects due to PV coverage reduce water losses arising from evaporation. Moreover, algae growth is limited because of mitigated solar radiation, which yields better water quality. This review presents more insight on floating PVPPs in terms of several aspects such as electricity generation, system efficiency, reliability and sustainability, experimental applications and facilities in operation, water and carbon saving as well as challenges.
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Nama, Ala Hassan, Ali Sadiq Abbas, and Jaafar S. Maatooq. "Field and Satellite Images-Based Investigation of Rivers Morphological Aspects." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-07-03.
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Worldwide and especially in less developed regions, process-based evaluations and/or geomorphological information on large-scale rivers are still scarce. Such investigation become of urgent need due to the climate change and expected occurrence of extreme floods and drought which may threaten the safety of nearby and downstream cities, especially in regions that are highly sensitive and affected by climatic changes. The Tigris River, in Iraq, is one such river that has undergone significant alteration to its flow and morphologic aspects due to climate change and the construction of many dams. However, morphology and its change for many reaches of this river are still uninvestigated. To this end, field and satellite-based investigations into the morphology of a reach located between Makhool District and Tikrit City have been conducted. In addition to the cross-sectional survey-based determination of the reach geometrical aspects, a sinuosity indices-based evaluation of the reach planform was implemented, utilizing a satellite indices-based approach. Furthermore, the characteristics of bed material were identified through field sampling. Investigation results show that the reach has a steep bed slope and many islands of low altitude with an elongated shape. The reach has a mild sinuosity with alternating bars. The dominant particle sizes of the bed material are coarse and medium gravel with a dominant particle shape of disc particles. Moreover, the satellite-based change detection indicated the fading out and disappearance of some secondary channels, the growth of many islands, and the movement of some bends downstream. The percentage of changing parts for the period 1975–2021 is 14%. Most of this change, 11%, occurred after the construction of the Mosul Dam. This reveals the sensitivity of reach morphology to flow change due to the construction of dams. The conducted fieldwork and the applied methodology contribute to supporting efforts to add knowledge worldwide about uninvestigated rivers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-03 Full Text: PDF
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Li, Mingjun, and Junxing Wang. "An Empirical Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network for Concrete Dam Deformation Modelling." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7620948.
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Deformation predicting models are essential for evaluating the health status of concrete dams. Nevertheless, the application of the conventional multiple linear regression model has been limited due to the particular structure, random loading, and strong nonlinear deformation of concrete dams. Conversely, the artificial neural network (ANN) model shows good adaptability to complex and highly nonlinear behaviors. This paper aims to evaluate the specific performance of the multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model in characterizing concrete dam deformation under environmental loads. In this study, four models, namely, the multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise regression (SR), backpropagation (BP) neural network, and extreme learning machine (ELM) model, are employed to simulate dam deformation from two aspects: single measurement point and multiple measurement points, approximately 11 years of historical dam operation records. Results showed that the prediction accuracy of the multipoint model was higher than that of the single point model except the MLR model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy of the ELM model was always higher than the other three models. All discussions would be conducted in conjunction with a gravity dam study.
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Tajziehchi, Sanaz, Abdolreza Karbassi, Gholamreza Nabi, ChangKyoo Yoo, and Pouya Ifaei. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Bakhtiari Hydropower Dam Considering the Nexus between Energy and Water." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030871.
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Hydropower stations have supplied most of the green electricity in various parts of the world. Nonetheless, the economic profit of hydro-electricity lies beyond its social costs in many cases. Despite the short-term economic benefits of large dams, their sustainable pros and cons are doubted. This study aims to investigate the long-term profitability of large hydropower stations by considering the nexus between the environmental, economic, and social aspects. Much progress has been made in simplifying feasibility studies of hydropower stations by developing comprehensive software and models according to the United Nations Sustainable development goals. Developed by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the SimPacts has become one of the most frequently-used simple models to estimate the external costs of electricity generation since 2003. Hydropower’s Environmental Costs Analysis Model (HECAM) is a popular user-friendly version of the model that includes more details for benefits estimation. In the present investigation, sedimentation and evaporation effects of constructing hydropower dams are added to previous cost estimation factors to upgrade the HECAM model to HECAM II. Bakhtiari hydropower dam (located in Lorestan province in Iran) is employed as a case study to verify the new model. The results showed that the total cost and revenue, as well as the benefit to cost ratio, were 79.13 US$/MWh, 203 US$/MWh, and 2.57, respectively. The new HECAM II model showed that the operation of Bakhtiari Dam would alleviate the socio-environmental doubts through a long-term plan in the region.
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FUCHS, VANESSA BOANADA. "BLAMING THE WEATHER, BLAMING THE PEOPLE: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND A CRISIS ATTITUDE IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0260r1v1922016.
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Abstract The governance of natural resources is intrinsically linked with the governance of people. However, in practice, social aspects are often viewed as secondary to more technical and pressing issues in the implementation of projects such as dams. The use of water for electricity production in Brazil is a cas d'excellence that exemplifies how the bypassing of socio-environmental safeguards and democratic participation of affected people leads to conflicts. These conflicts delay infrastructure works, such as the Belo Monte Dam, that are found to be crucial for the equilibrium of electricity supply. Recently, social manifestation have become the scapegoat for the sector's crisis. This article discussed the "electricity crisis" from a historical policy analysis perspective. It concludes that the present disregard for social and environmental procedures is a self-inflicted disease that only contributes to the longer-term state of conflicts in the expansion of the electricity sector in Brazil.
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Morán, Rafael, and Miguel A. Toledo. "Design and construction of the Barriga Dam spillway through an improved wedge-shaped block technology." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 10 (October 2014): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0120.
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The Barriga Dam (Burgos, Spain) is a unique case study because its trapezoid spillway is located on the dam body and is composed of wedge-shaped concrete blocks (WSB) that include certain relevant improvements. This note summarizes the main features of the studies, the key aspects of the final design of the WSB and their placement on the dam, and important details of the spillway design. The design team concluded the study by showing the suitability of this enhanced technology for application to small dams and ponds in the short term, even with unit flows above 5 m2/s.
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Yang, Linyu, Zishun Zhao, Dan Luo, Mingzhong Liang, and Qilin Zhang. "Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090823.
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Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.
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Tavares, Cláudio, Eneida M. Eskinazi-Sant’Anna, Yuri A. Figueiredo, Hernani A. Almeida, and Mariangela G. P. Leite. "Changes in the hydro-sedimentary balance: Impacts of the use of a borrow pit in a low-order stream." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): e0255432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255432.
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Construction of dams for hydroelectric power requires significant quantities of soil and rock, which are often extracted in borrow pits from adjacent regions. Although the effects of dams on stream processes has received significant attention, the effects of borrow pits has not. The main objective of this study was to analyze the geomorphological and sedimentological aspects of two second-order streams, one of which was directly affected by the borrow pit located upstream of its source (Pedra Branca stream). Flow rates were measured and cross-sections of 600m stretches in both streams were monitored over a hydrological year. At the same time, sediments from the bed of the channels and soils on their banks had their physical and chemical characteristics evaluated. Streams sediments differed in their chemical and organic matter composition. The mean particle size of the sediment particles was different between the reference and degraded streams. The water flow was very similar to both streams, only varying along the seasonal seasons. However, the fluvial channels presented great geomorphological differentiation, mainly downstream, due to the location of the Pedra Branca stream and its proximity to the borrow pit. Despite the great importance for the production of clean electric energy, the construction of hydroelectric plants promotes persistent impacts that affect structural and functional aspects of the adjacent aquatic habitats. Borrow pits used for the construction of projects become large sources of sediment for aquatic environments, affecting the drainage network of the hydrographic basin and the balance of river erosion, transport and deposition processes. The results show the need to review the intervention protocols in borrow pits and the environmental legislation that regulates their rehabilitation.
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Gillette, Ross, Michelle Dias, Michael P. Reilly, Lindsay M. Thompson, Norma J. Castillo, Erin L. Vasquez, David Crews, and Andrea C. Gore. "Two Hits of EDCs Three Generations Apart: Effects on Social Behaviors in Rats, and Analysis by Machine Learning." Toxics 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010030.
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All individuals are directly exposed to extant environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and indirectly exposed through transgenerational inheritance from our ancestors. Although direct and ancestral exposures can each lead to deficits in behaviors, their interactions are not known. Here we focused on social behaviors based on evidence of their vulnerability to direct or ancestral exposures, together with their importance in reproduction and survival of a species. Using a novel “two hits, three generations apart” experimental rat model, we investigated interactions of two classes of EDCs across six generations. PCBs (a weakly estrogenic mixture Aroclor 1221, 1 mg/kg), Vinclozolin (antiandrogenic, 1 mg/kg) or vehicle (6% DMSO in sesame oil) were administered to pregnant rat dams (F0) to directly expose the F1 generation, with subsequent breeding through paternal or maternal lines. A second EDC hit was given to F3 dams, thereby exposing the F4 generation, with breeding through the F6 generation. Approximately 1200 male and female rats from F1, F3, F4 and F6 generations were run through tests of sociability and social novelty as indices of social preference. We leveraged machine learning using DeepLabCut to analyze nuanced social behaviors such as nose touching with accuracy similar to a human scorer. Surprisingly, social behaviors were affected in ancestrally exposed but not directly exposed individuals, particularly females from a paternally exposed breeding lineage. Effects varied by EDC: Vinclozolin affected aspects of behavior in the F3 generation while PCBs affected both the F3 and F6 generations. Taken together, our data suggest that specific aspects of behavior are particularly vulnerable to heritable ancestral exposure of EDC contamination, that there are sex differences, and that lineage is a key factor in transgenerational outcomes.
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Silva, Evelyn B. da, Pablo H. dos Santos Picapedra, Paulo V. Sanches, Renato E. O. de Rezende, Aline M. Gavião, Marcos M. Mendonça, Edilaine D. V. Gonçalves, and Rafael Bier Conte. "Larvae occurrences of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in an area under dam influence in the upper Paraná River region, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 2 (June 10, 2011): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011005000019.
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Rhamdia quelen (Jundiá) is a catfish species of great interest to fish producers and researchers due to several favorable characteristics for inclusion in the Brazilian list of commercially raised fish. It has a wide geographical distribution, with occurrences reported from Central Argentina to South Mexico. Studies on the biological aspects of this species have been limited to captive adult fishes that were researched for farming purposes. Research related to ichthyoplankton has provided valuable information on spawning periods and sites and other aspects of breeding for numerous species of fish. This information is crucial for implementing management and protection strategies for these species. The studied floodplain is located in a lotic remnant between the Reservoirs of Itaipu and Engenheiro Sérgio Motta. This area is located inside a protected area (Ilha Grande National Park) in the last portion of dam-free land along the Paraná River in the Brazilian territory; however, it is still threatened by the negative effects of the dams. We conducted monthly nocturnal collections during four periods from October to March, 2003 to 2007, in 22 locations along the main channel, secondary lakes and main tributaries of the Paraná River. After collection, the individuals were classified according to the degree of development and the notochord flexion and caudal fin support elements. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), ANOVA and Pearson correlation to relate abiotic and larval density data. The increase of capture abundances in the four studied stages suggests that R. quelen is finding conditions that are favorable to its reproduction. The increase in captures can generate questions regarding R. quelen reproductive activity, for instance, whether the species is adapting or is influenced by environmental changes created by the Paraná River dams.
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Verma, S. K., R. T. Sahu, H. Singh, A. D. Prasad, and M. K. Verma. "A study of Environmental and Ecological impacts due to Construction and Operation of Tehri-Polavaram Dam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1032, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1032/1/012020.
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Abstract Any water resources project has both a positive and a negative impact on the environment. Sometimes these environmental losses are unavoidable, so it is most important to minimize the environmental losses and their social-ecological and geopolitical impact. Environmental impact assessment plays an important role in identifying, predicting, and mitigating the various impacts on the environment. This paper presents the details of the construction of Tehri and Polavaram dam projects and their various impacts on the environment and ecological aspects. Any water resource expansion that fulfills minimum needs without endangering future generations’ ability to fulfils their own will be considered sustainable. There are a number of factors to consider when it comes to the long-term effects of dams on the surrounding environment, including redevelopment and relocation of people and businesses, socioeconomic influence on the surrounding area, and environmental concerns such as sedimentation, among others. Sustainable development also means that, in addition to minimizing the dam’s negative effects on the environment, making sure that the benefits of the dam outweigh the negative ones. As a result, it is recognized that water resource projects must be intended, implemented, and managed to meet future population demands while reducing disturbance to the existing eco-system and incorporating effective control measures at various phases to ameliorate any adverse effects.
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Xiong, Muqi, Xingmin Meng, Siyuan Wang, Peng Guo, Yajun Li, Guan Chen, Feng Qing, Zhijie Cui, and Yan Zhao. "Effectiveness of debris flow mitigation strategies in mountainous regions." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 6 (September 24, 2016): 768–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316655304.
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Debris flows represent major hazards in most mountainous regions of the world where they repeatedly result in disasters. In order to protect people and infrastructure against future debris flows, many debris flow catchments have been artificially intervened by employing various mitigation measures, including civil engineering works. However, the commonly adapted engineering measures, such as check dams, are not effective for every debris flow catchment, and the failure of such measures even causes more damage, e.g. the Sanyanyu debris flow catchment in Zhouqu, China, killed 1756 people. In order to research the effectiveness of engineering strategies and explore much more effective mitigation works for debris flows in the mountainous regions, we took the Bailong River catchment of Southern Gansu of China as study area, with special emphasis on Sanyanyu debris flow catchment (with civil engineering works) and Goulinping debris flow catchment (without civil engineering works), and comparatively analysed the two catchments. The comparative results show that both catchments have similar material source, geomorphological/environmental and climatic conditions, however, vegetation cover and rock hardness are poorer in Goulinping than in Sanyanyu, the catchment that underwent larger-scale debris flows, suggesting that the mitigation measures had been applied in Sanyanyu catchment were inappropriate. Subsequently, we simulated the effectiveness of controlling debris flow peak discharge with check dams at the lower part of Sanyanyu and Goulinping catchment using the Kanako simulator, and summarised argument based on the hypothesis and facts from positive and negative aspects. We draw the conclusion that it is not reasonable to build check dams in the two catchments and instead, drainage channels should be primarily considered for reducing debris flow hazards in such densely populated areas. Finally, we undertook detailed field investigations and experiments on the native plants in the region, and found that the ecological mitigation measure with planting Robinia Pseudoacacia on the debris flow deposits is an effective method to alleviate debris flow hazards. It is concluded that channel works combined with ecological measures are the preferable approaches to minimize the debris flow damage in debris flow catchments characterised with high mountains, concentrated rainfalls and active neotectonic movement.
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Basu, Pratyusha. "SCALE, PLACE AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE ALONG INDIA’S NARMADA RIVER." REVISTA NERA, no. 16 (May 29, 2012): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i16.1367.
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This paper focuses on the struggles being waged by the Narmada Bachao Andolan, a rural social movement opposing displacement due to dams along India’s Narmada River. Building a comparison between two major anti-dam struggles within the Andolan, around the Sardar Sarovar and Maheshwar dams, this study seeks to show that multi-sited social movements pursue a variety of scale and place-based strategies and this multiplicity is key to the possibilities for progressive change that they embody. The paper highlights three aspects of the Andolan. First, the Andolan has successfully combined environmental networks and agricultural identities across the space of its struggle. The Andolan became internationally celebrated when its resistance led to the World Bank withdrawing funding for the Sardar Sarovar dam in 1993. This victory was viewed as a consequence of the Andolan’s successful utilization of transnational environmental networks. However, the Andolan has also intervened in agrarian politics within India and this role of the Andolan emerges when the struggle against the Maheshwar dam is considered. Second, this paper examines the role played by the Andolan in building a national movement against displacement. Given that India’s Supreme Court gave permission for the continued construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam in 2000, the power of the state to push through destructive development projects cannot be underestimated. The national level thus remains an important scale for the Andolan’s struggle leading to the formation of social movement networks and the construction of collective identities around experiences of rural and urban displacement. Third, this paper reflects on how common access to the Narmada river also provides a material basis for the formation of a collective identity, one which can be used to address the class divisions that characterize the Andolan’s membership. Overall, the paper aims to contribute to the study of social movements by showing how attachments to multiple geographies ensure that a movement’s potential futures always exceed the nature of its present forms of resistance.
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Litovskiy, Vladimir V. "GRAVITY GEOGRAPHY OF RESERVOIRS IN THE SVERDLOVSK REGION." Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, no. 4(55) (2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2020-17-29.
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The article presents the results of research into gravitational geography of reservoirs in the Sverdlovsk region used to clarify the rationality of the economic use of the regional natural capital and the environmental aspects of the spatial placement of productive forces. There was conducted a comprehensive study of the region's water system taking into account the status of its dams and reservoirs within one or several river basins. It has been established that of 7 key reservoirs, most do not satisfy the condition of compensatory pumping of the day surface aimed at improving the isostatic equilibrium of the surface. In practice, overloads are created even where the necessary conditions exist, which causes geoecological problems. It is shown that the reservoir at Reft complies the most with the condition of ideal compensation with the weight of water to establish the ideal isostatic equilibrium, but only in the zone of medium depths. For dam sites in all the reservoirs studied, this condition is not met, and the oretically the permissible load is exceeded multiple times.
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Bizawu, Sebastien Kiwonghi, and Edson Rodrigues de Oliveira. "As hidrelétricas no Brasil: uma análise comparativa de planejamentos e resultados com a usina de Três Gargantas na China / The hydroelectric in Brazil: a comparative analysis of planning and results with the Three Gorges Dam Hydro Electric Power Plant, China." Revista de Direito da Cidade 14, no. 3 (December 23, 2022): 1416–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2022.48968.
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ResumoO artigo em evidência analisa o sistema de planejamento e resultados auferidos, à égide do interesse público, no âmbito das construções de usinas hidrelétricas no Brasil, na amostragem de Itaipu e Belo Monte e, cotejo com a realidade da hidrelétrica de Três Gargantas (China). Desta feita, a reflexão emerge na relação das vantagens, desvantagens e prejuízos socioambientais e econômicos. O problema se encontra na dissonância dos resultados concretos e status quo de vulnerabilidade socioambientais e econômicas. Em face das condições geológicas satisfatórias, o Brasil e a China investiram nas hidrelétricas como mecanismos de superação de energia elétrica, mitigando a crise energética e da aplicação dos combustíveis fósseis (na redução de emissão dos gases de efeito estufa – GEES). Desse modo, com base na realidade e resultados asiáticos, a China transcendeu os prejuízos socioambientais com um custo próximo aos valores da construção de Belo Monte, mas proporcionalmente como produção e vantagens agregadas distantes da temerária política brasileira, aflorando-se suspeição, demagogia e corrupção. Para tanto, emprega-se o método hipotético dedutivo, mas sobretudo pelo viés comparativo. Como objetivo geral, vislumbra-se o diagnóstico socioambiental pelo crivo da sustentabilidade (no comparativo das amostras em investimentos econômicos, nível de eficiência do planejamento, danos ambientais e índices de produção). Diante da conjuntura, infere-se como objetivos específicos, reflexões sobre a governança, o balizamento dos danos socioambientais e os resultados produtivos e econômicos, além da proposição de sugestões mitigadoras alternativas, a exemplo das catástrofes e contaminação por metais pesados, dos rios Paraopeba e Doce, em Minas Gerais, pelo rompimento de barragens de rejeitos de mineração, em que se viabiliza a construção de novas hidrelétricas, reduzindo e dosando a diluição lenta e gradativa dos poluentes, além de outras medidas como o aproveitamento desse rejeito em artefatos da construção civil.Palavras-chave: Hidrelétricas de Itaipu e Belo Monte; Usina de Três Gargantas; Aspectos socioambientais e econômicos.AbstractThis article analyzes the planning system and the results obtained, under the aegis of the public interest, in the context of the construction of hydroelectric plants in Brazil, in the sampling of Itaipu and Belo Monte, and comparison with the reality of the Três Gorges dam (China). This time, the reflection emerges in the relation of the advantages, disadvantages and socio-environmental and economic damages. The problem lies in the dissonance of concrete results and the status quo of socioenvironmental and economic vulnerability. In the face of satisfactory geological conditions, Brazil and China have invested in hydroelectric dams as mechanisms for overcoming electric energy, mitigating the energy crisis and the application of fossil fuels (in reducing greenhouse gas emissions - GEES). However, based on the reality and results of China, with results that transcend socio- environmental damage, with a cost close to the values of Belo Monte's construction, but proportionally as production and aggregate advantages are distant from the Brazilian political proposition, emerging suspicion, demagogy and corruption. For this, the hypothetical deductive method is employed, but above all comparative. As a general objective, the socio-environmental diagnosis is seen through the sieve of sustainability (is to compare the samples in economic investments, level of planning efficiency, social and environmental losses and production rates). Given the conjuncture, as specific objectives, reflections on governance, the marking of socioenvironmental damage and the productive and economic results, and the proposition of alternative mitigating suggestions, such as catastrophes and contamination by heavy metals, of the Paraopeba and Doce rivers, in Minas Gerais, due to the disruption of mining tailings dams, where the construction of new hydroelectric dams is feasible, reducing and dosing the slow and gradual dilution of pollutants, as well as other measures such as the use of this waste in construction artifacts.Keywords: Itaipu and Belo Monte hydroelectric plants; Three Gorges power plant; Socio- environmental and economic aspects.
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Szpikowski, Józef. "Geomorphological Effects of River Valleys Anthropogenic Transformations in the Perznica Catchment During the Last 200 Years (Drawsko Lakeland, Parsęta River Basin)." Quaestiones Geographicae 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0010-4.
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Geomorphological Effects of River Valleys Anthropogenic Transformations in the Perznica Catchment During the Last 200 Years (Drawsko Lakeland, Parsęta River Basin) The studies on geomorphological aspects of environmental changes in the river valleys were part of the work carried out under the diagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of the relief of the Perznica basin (West Pomerania, Drawsko Lakeland). Human interference in the river valleys and anthropogenic changes in the natural hydrological systems in the Perznica catchment influenced the transformation of the relief and the intensity of morphogenetic processes. Numerous anthropogenic landforms were formed, including embankments, dams, dykes along the canals, ditches and canals, reservoirs basins, and peat excavations. The drainage resulted in an intensification of the river erosion, straightening, shortening and increase of the river gradient, as well as the increase of quantity of the suspended matter leaving the catchments. An increase of anthropogenic denudation on agricultural lands, due to the entering of the crops grown on drained depressions and valleys, led to the masking of the original relief with deluvial sediments and the formation and expansion of agricultural terraces on the edge of the fields.
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Borges, Marcia Leite. "A percepção da qualidade de vida dos atingidos por barragens no Sul do Brasil: efetividade das políticas compensatórias / The perception of the quality of life of those affected by dams in Southern Brazil: effectiveness of the compensatory policies." Revista de Direito da Cidade 12, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 74–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2020.43874.
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ResumoEste artigo tem como objeto de estudo a qualidade de vida das populações remanejadas quando da construção das Usinas Hidrelétricas: Campos Novos, Barra Grande, Machadinho, Itá, e Fóz do Chapecó, na bacia dos rios Pelotas e Uruguai localizadas na divisa entre os estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, e suas consequências na qualidade de vida da população localizada ao longo das áreas atingidas. A região abrangida pela construção de barragens no Alto Uruguai experimentou grandes transformações ambientais, socioeconômicas e culturais. A partir dessa constatação, a seguinte questão norteou o trabalho: Qual a eficácia das políticas de remanejamento aplicadas pelo setor elétrico na região estudada? Assim, realizou-se uma análise da percepção da qualidade de vida da população atingida por estes empreendimentos hidrelétricos, através da seleção de algumas questões do survey aplicado no ano de 2011 em 632 indivíduos residentes na área de estudo. Estas questões contemplam a percepção dos entrevistados, antes e após a construção das UHEs, tomando como referência o fim dos anos 1980 e início dos anos 1990 (aqui representando o período anterior aos empreendimentos hidrelétricos) e o ano de 2011, quando da realização da pesquisa, como período posterior ao remanejamento. Os aspectos analisados foram: bem-estar social, qualidade dos serviços públicos, infraestrutura domiciliar, bem-estar econômico e sustentabilidade ambiental. A amostra escolhida para tal, foi a da população reassentada no município de origem, o que correspondeu a 384 entrevistados. Isso, em função de ser possível perceber com maior facilidade as alterações ocorridas e suas influências na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos em questão. Inicialmente, foi realizada a apresentação dos aspectos analisados, através de uma leitura descritiva destes, apontando assim, suas principais características. Logo em seguida, partiu-se efetivamente para a construção dos índices e indicadores (através do software de análise quantitativa SPSS) de cada um dos aspectos relacionados ao antes e depois do remanejamento que forneceu uma base empírica para o monitoramento da qualidade de vida do atingidos por barragens.Palavras-chave: Atingidos por barragens. Qualidade de vida. Políticas públicas. AbstractThis article aims to study the quality of life of the species relocated when the Hydroelectric Plants (HPP) were built: Campos Novos, Barra Grande, Machadinho, Itá and Fóz do Chapecó, in the Pelotas and Uruguay rivers basin located in the division between the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, and their consequences on the quality of life of the population located along the affected areas. A region covered by the construction of dams in Alto Uruguai has experienced major environmental, socioeconomic and cultural changes. From this observation, the following north question or work: What is the relocation policy applied by the electricity sector in the studied region? Thus, an analysis of the perception of the quality of life of the population affected by these hydroelectric projects was carried out, through the selection of some questions of applied research in 2011 in 632 students residing in the study area. These questions include the perception of the interviewees, before and after the construction of the UHEs, taking as a reference the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s (here, during the period before the hydroelectric projects) and the year of 2011, when the realization research, as a period after the relocation. The aspects analyzed were: social well-being, quality of public services, residential infrastructure, economic well-being and environmental sustainability. A sample chosen for this purpose was a population resettled in the municipality of origin, or that corresponded to 384 respondents. This, due to the fact that it is possible to perceive more easily the changes that occurred and their influences on the quality of life of the issues in question. Initially, a presentation of the analyzed aspects was made, through a descriptive reading of these, including the main characteristics. Right afterwards, it effectively starts to build indexes and indicators (using the quantitative analysis software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS) of each of the related aspects before and after the relocation which provided an empirical basis for monitoring the quality of life achieved by dams.Keywords: Affected by dams. Quality of life. Public policy.
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Thodesen, Bridget, Berit Time, and Tore Kvande. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: Themes of Public Perception—A Case Study." Land 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040589.
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Climate adaptation measures address the challenges that densification and climate change impose on the urban environment. Sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) constructs include the introduction of natural elements, such as riparian buffers, vegetative filters, rain beds, water spills, watermark filters, retainers and dams, and are an integral part of these climate adaptation measures. SUDS are commonly undertaken at a municipal level in Norway but, unfortunately, the implementation of SUDS projects has lagged behind expectation. Norway is a normative and egalitarian society, where public resistance to local projects is a factor in the delayed adoption of SUDS. That is why a greater understanding of public perceptions and priorities is needed to build consensus and support for these climate adaptation measures. This research looked at the Blaklibekken SUDS case study in Trondheim, Norway. A cross-section of interviews with the municipality and users was undertaken to establish themes within local perceptions of the project. Themes of environmental benefit, child-related activities, maintenance of the site and funding were established to provide a better understanding of public expectations and what aspects of the project correlated with public acceptance or resistance. This work provides a starting point for further research to establish public ‘themes of interest’ that can provide decision makers greater insight into public priorities.
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Servin Santa Cruz, M. A., M. R. Servin Nasich, and O. A. Insfran. "THE YACYRETA HOUSING COMPLEX: 20 YEARS LATER." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13395.
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Dams tend to have both positive and negative social, economic and environmental impacts in their area of influence. This article focuses on the social impacts, especially those related to the housing of the relocated population in the San Roque Gonzalez de Santa Cruz neighborhood, also known as the Arroyo Pora Housing Complex, located in the municipality of Cambyreta (Paraguay), 20 years after the first wave of relocations (1999). The objective of the study is to describe the current situation of these housing units, considering aspects such as housing tenure, conformity, modifications and maintenance, to mention some variables, according to the passage of time. For this purpose, it uses a semi-structured survey to a sample of the aforementioned population. The study found that the displaced population had to adapt the house given to them for relocation purposes to their needs, mainly due to an increase in the population per family unit. Additionally, during this research new owners were identified, as well as caretakers and tenants, who settled after the relocation period, resulting in a loss of homogeneity of the population. These situations could indicate that the recommendations related to the management of involuntary resettlement processes were not taken into account in this case.
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Azarnejad, A., and T. M. Hrudey. "A numerical study of thermal ice loads on structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-119.
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A numerical model is presented for the prediction of the three-dimensional stress field in an ice sheet due to temperature changes, as a function of time, under a variety of conditions. The model relies on two separate computer programs for the thermal and mechanical aspects of the problem. The thermal program uses the finite difference method to calculate the temperature distribution through the thickness of the ice cover under a variety of meteorological input conditions. The mechanical part of the analysis is conducted using the finite element method. A degenerate shell element is used, which is capable of modeling both bending and membrane behaviors of the ice cover. Relevant features of the finite element model include variable temperature and properties through the thickness, an elastic foundation representation of the underlying water, nonlinear constitutive behavior of the ice, temperature-dependent mechanical properties, flexibility of resisting structures, and boundary conditions representing a variety of shoreline types. Results are presented from simulations conducted during verification of the model. Included are simulations of uniaxial and biaxial laboratory tests on the thermal expansion of ice as well as three thermal events for which field data were available. Conclusions are presented concerning the analytical prediction of thermal ice forces.Key words: ice loads, thermal loads, ice mechanics, hydraulic structures, dams.
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Sarkar, S. K., A. Bhattacharya, and B. Bhattacharya. "The river Ganga of northern India: an appraisal of its geomorphic and ecological changes." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0432.
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The Ganga is the most important perennial river originating from Gangotri in the snow-bound Himalayas about 3,900 m above mean sea level. Gorging a distance of about 220 km in the Himalayas, it enters the plain at Hardwar and after meandering and braiding over a distance of about 2,525 km through the Indo-Gangetic plains, ultimately joins the Bay of Bengal. The course of this river has been changed due to: (i) subsurface geotectonic movement leading to change in slope of the deltaic plain and subsidence of the Bengal basin; (ii) changing pattern of water discharge with time; (iii) variations in sediment load. The environment of Ganga basin is also deteriorating with time due to severe natural episodes of periodic floods and storms as well as anthropogenic factors such as population growth, deforestation, agricultural activities, urbanisation, fertiliser and fossil fuel consumption and construction activities such as dams and bridges. All these have inconceivable adverse impacts on the health and natural regeneration capacity of the river basin. The presence of micropollutants in water and sediments of this river turns the system into being unsustainable to the biota. The present study synthesises the available information on the changes of its geological, geomorphological and ecological aspects and suggests some remedial measures to be adopted now and in future.
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Mazibuko, Gezani. "The Relevance of Procurement in Public Administration: A South African Perspective." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 11, no. 4(S) (March 21, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v11i4(s).3157.
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Public procurement is a big industry in public administration as taxpayers’ money spent by the government on goods, services and infrastructure accounts for the massive gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. This study upholds the idea that public procurement is relevant and activity of public administration. The public administration atmospheres focus on macro milieus and support the government to advance consciousness, dynamics convoluted purchases of government goods, services, works and infrastructure development. Such external environmental aspects moving public and private buyers in the same direction are that of reconnoitring those critical environmental inspirational procurement procedures. This calls for public administrators to design bid processes according to the above-mentioned influences, as they are cradles of government financial spending and economic progression. Public administration philosophies succor to offer dimensions and theoretical conceptual work on how procurement should proceed within the government. Such public administration theories are paramount to transcend the understanding of procurement in the public sector. Specifically, the generic administrative functions as they relate to public procurement are relevant in expounding this research. The paper is the exploratory one, seeking to expand the knowledge base and stimulate discourse on procurement practices in government. A qualitative research and content analysis was employed in this study. It can be deduced that there is the relevance of procurement in government, as government procures and spends billions and even trillions of rands financing goods, services, public works, massive infrastructure development-highways, bridges, dams, airports, seaports and other essential amenities. These massive kinds of procurement have to be accounted for against corrupt and state capture activities.
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Jha, Vibhash C., and Subhasis Ghosh. "Environmental Risk Assessment: A Geomorphic Investigation over the Bolpur-Santiniketan-Illambazar Lateritic Patch of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India." National Geographical Journal of India 66, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1733.
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A proper geomorphic study of a region can be useful in understanding past and present environmental circumstances and analyzing potential environmental risks. Careful analysis of morphodynamic processes and existing diagnostic landforms reveal several aspects about the origin, characteristics and possible pattern of morpho-climatic interactions on the landscape over temporal scale, which helps significantly in proper terrain evaluation from societal welfare and integrated management point of view, including environmental risk assessment and disaster management. This paper has made a thorough geomorphic investigation based on intensive fieldwork and multi-sourced remote sensing data to characterize the lateritic soil profile and landforms of the study area in respect to their morphology and Physico-chemical properties at the different sites of land degradation to understand the outcome of morphoclimatic interactions on the landscape over time, and to evaluate the severity of operation with pedo-geomorphic constraints in the lateritic environment for sustainable management purposes. It is found that the region is highly sensitive to weathering, mass movement and denudational activities, mainly caused by rainwater erosion which has resulted into varied landforms including well-developed rills and gullies, lateritic ridges, isolated residual hills etc and generated a unique identity to this part of the lateritic region. The study also suggested a model for the development of geomorphic landforms in a lateritic terrain based on past and present morphoclimatic interactions, nature of physiography, lithology, soil characteristics and other biotic and abiotic elements. The region is also found to be a subject to moderate to severe land degradation due to the active geomorphic processes in operation in tropical regions and inherently poor physical and chemical formation of the existing soil profile and radical conversion of land uses as observed at cadastral level leading towards irresistible desertification. Annual topsoil loss amount has been calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation method. Three sample Mouzas namely Ballavpur, Shyambati and Chawpahari jungle have been assessed to be having 36.98%, 71.42% and 61.73% of degraded land in respect to their total village area. Various conservative measures like stabilization of gully heads and beds through reforestation and afforestation with cutting earth plug, brush fills and check dams; improvement of the irrigation network, suitable dryland farming etc. have been recommended to arrest the desertification process.
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Cabral, Laíse Nascimento, Hermes Alves de Almeida, Telma Lucia Bezerra Alves, and Suellen Silva Pereira. "Problemas Ambientais, Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Recursos Hídricos na Zona Rural do Semiárido Paraibano, PB - Brasil (Environmental Problems, Sustainable Development and Water Resources in Rural Semiarid Paraíba, PB – Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 5, no. 5 (January 6, 2013): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v5i5.232835.
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Durante muito tempo, pensava-se que a única forma de resolver a falta de água no semiárido nordestino fosse à construção de açudes. Essa realidade não difere muito da existente nos sítios do km 21, em Campina Grande, PB, e Pedra Redonda, em Pocinhos, PB. Diante disto, houve a necessidade de se estabelecer o regime pluvial, os volumes potenciais de captação de água da chuva e conhecer a realidade da degradação ambiental, existente ou não, nas áreas estudadas. Sendo essas determinações os objetivos principais deste trabalho para fins de entender a degradação ambiental perceptível ou não pela comunidade, bem como, o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. As séries pluviais de Pocinhos foram cedidas pela Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, onde foram analisadas usando as distribuições estatísticas de frequência, de medidas de tendência central e dispersão, sendo estabelecido o regime pluvial e os volumes potenciais de captação de água. Através de diagnóstico sócio-ambiental, os aspectos do desenvolvimento sustentável rural foram encontrados e analisados teoricamente bem como a relação de como a comunidade se refere aos problemas ambientais. Os principais resultados mostraram que o regime pluvial é irregular, assimétrico, a mediana é a medida de tendência central recomendada e a estação chuvosa ocorre de março a junho. Os volumes potenciais de captação de água da chuva variam de 133 e 359 litros por m-2, e 56,1% percebem que há degradação ambiental.Palavras-chave: semiárido, clima, problemas ambientais, água, desenvolvimento sustentável. Environmental Problems, Sustainable Development and Water Resources in Rural Semiarid Paraíba, PB – Brazil ABSTRACTFor a long time it was thought that the only way to solve the lack of water in the semiarid northeast was the construction of dams. This reality does not differ much from that in the km 21 sites in Campina Grande, PB, and Pedra Redonda, in Pocinhos, PB. Before this, there was the need to establish the rainfall patterns, the potential volumes of capturing rainwater and know the reality of environmental degradation, existing or not, in the areas studied. Since these determinations the main objectives of this work for purposes of understanding the environmental degradation or not perceptible by the community, as well as sustainable rural development. The series of stormwater Pocinhos were granted by the Executive Agency for Water Management in the State of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, where they were analyzed using the statistical distributions of frequency measures of central tendency and dispersion, being established rainfall patterns and volumes potential water catchment. Through diagnostic socio-environmental aspects of sustainable rural development were found and analyzed theoretically as well as the relationship of the community refers to environmental problems. The main results showed that rainfall patterns are irregular, asymmetric, the median is the measure of central tendency and recommended rainy season occurs from March to June. The potential volumes of rain water uptake ranging from 133 to 359 liters m², and 56,1% realize that there are environmental degradation.Keywords: semiarid, climate, environmental issues, water, sustainable development.
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Anthony, Edward J., Eduardo S. Brondizio, Valdenira F. dos Santos, Antoine Gardel, and Manon Besset. "Sustainable Management, Conservation, and Restoration of the Amazon River Delta and Amazon-Influenced Guianas Coast: A Review." Water 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13101371.
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The Amazon River delta may be currently characterized biophysically as a relatively preserved delta compared to the rampant vulnerability of many of the world’s large deltas. This status of relative preservation is reflected in a number of criteria: The still largely free-flowing nature of many of the rivers and the main stem of the Amazon that feed the delta in sediment, exceptional biodiversity, dominant shoreline accretion, and the absence of anthropogenically-generated subsidence. In this review, we show that these relatively reassuring conditions are progressively being called into question by the effects of dams on fluvial sediment supply to the delta, by increasing demographic, urban, and land development pressures in this still largely underpopulated delta, and by problems of governance that underplay aspects of basin-wide and deltaic environmental deterioration. A major challenge is that of bringing together these contrasting demands that are leading to the emergence of zones of environmental stress that test the resilience of this delta. An integral part of the strategy for the analysis of collective action, management, and conservation is that of considering the Amazon delta in terms of interacting socio-ecological systems. Pressures on the delta will be compounded in the future by decreasing fluvial sediment supply and sea-level rise. Although climate change is projected to generate surplus sediment, the rapid growth of dam constructions upstream of the delta will negatively impact the river’s sediment flux. Conservation and management of the Amazon River system aimed at keeping the delta resilient in the context of sea-level rise and reduction of sediment supply will require clear governance and better planning and anticipation, as well as socio-ecological integration. These are also requirements that will need to be implemented in the 1500 km-long coastal zone of the Guianas countries located west of the Amazon delta and the sediment dynamics and stability of which are largely determined by sediment supply from the Amazon.
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Shcherban, Pavel, Alexander Gapchich, Aleksey Zhdanov, and Olga Letunovskaya. "Optimization of excess brines disposal methods at potash mining and processing plants." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211228024s.
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The paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of various technological solutions of the liquid brines use during the development of polymineral potash ore deposits, considers the problem of determining the choice of the optimal approach by taking into account geological, technical, environmental, and financial factors. The study of the issues of utilization and reduction of the liquid brines components of discharges in the production of potash fertilizers, the simultaneous reduction of valuable components loss with liquid discharges, and, due to this, increasing the production of potash fertilizers, and also the usage in the technology of mine brines, are an urgent and important scientific and engineering challenge of the potash industry. Technologically, several alternative solutions are possible to reduce the number of liquid by-products placed in sludge storages. A set of analytical methods was used in the work, including statistical data processing, modeling, pre-design studies of technological solutions, and assessment of economic costs. Excess brines of potash mining and processing plants are liquid waste obtained during the production of potashfertilizers - MOP ? SOP. The accumulation of excess brines in sludge storage facilities is estimated at millions of cubic meters per year. The expansion of the sludge storage facilities area and the construction of dams are only a temporary solution and associated with risks in design, construction, and operation of hydraulic structures, increasing the risks of brine leakage into open and underground water basins. This makes it necessary to use other methods of brine disposal. Depending on the nature of the processed polymineral potash ores, several methods can be used in combination for the the disposal of excess brines at once: backfiling, osmosis, injection into deep horizons, multistage evaporation. The most optimal combination of brine reduction technologies for potassium-magnesium processing plants raw materials is the following : 60% is disposed by usage of vacuum evaporation units , 20 % - by injecting excessive brines into deep absorbing horizons, 10-20% should be used for backfilling or production of additional products.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Amjed, Azhar Abbas, Syed Asif Ali Naqvi, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdus Samie, and Umar Ijaz Ahmed. "Drivers of Farm Households’ Perceived Risk Sources and Factors Affecting Uptake of Mitigation Strategies in Punjab Pakistan: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 9895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239895.
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Climate change is a serious threat to agriculture in many developing countries including Pakistan. Changing pattern of climate and its extreme conditions have already led to a decline in crop productivity. However, farmers in developing countries experience risks beyond just climate change, many of which are related to policy, strategy, and factor endowments. The impact of these risks have serious implications for food security, rural livelihood, farm households’ wellbeing, and, above all, their motive to adapt to these changes in the long-term. To have an in-depth knowledge of farmers’ perceptions about the changing climate, this study investigates various aspects such as the determinants of perception about various risk sources and the relevant mitigation and adaptation options. To do so, 480 farmers from agriculture-dominated Punjab province were randomly selected in order for us to evaluate their awareness levels, socioeconomic dynamics that influence their perceptions, and various factors that influence their perceptions to achieve the desired findings. We applied the principle factor analysis approach to ascertain major sources and strategies based on farmers’ perception and planned/practiced options. Further, regression analysis was done to evaluate the factors influencing the perception levels of farmers about risk sources. The results showed that majority of the farmers faced various risks, and were trying to adapt crop husbandry practices towards these perceived risks. Change in agricultural policies (3.96) was placed as the highest risk source, while the need for small dams/turbine schemes was the top priority for risk management strategy (mean value of 4.39). By observing the effect of farm and farmer’s characteristics on risk sources and risk management strategies, it was revealed that these characteristics ominously provoked farmers’ perspectives about risk sources and management strategies. The findings imply the need for coherent environmental policy that encompasses price stability, community-led adaptation campaigns, and easy/uninterrupted flows of information that enables the farming community to facilitate sustainable decision processes.
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Solangel, Rodriguez Vazquez, and Nataliya V. Mokrova. "Factors used to evaluate alternative options in the course of design and substantiation of feasibility of construction of hydraulic structures." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.4.
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Introduction. Reservoirs are important elements of the water resources regulation system; they make a substantial contribution to regional economies. A multi-criterial approach to selection of the best locations for dams is proposed in the absence of exhaustive information on the quantitative assessment of individual criteria. Morphometric characteristics of retaining reservoirs are among the most important tools for analyzing water resources; they represent a quantitative study designated for the mathematical simulation of the most important characteristics of a reservoir and their linking to the indices and parameters that allow to find out the hydrological conditions. The purpose of the study is to select and rank the factors needed to determine the priority locations for the construction of hydraulic structures. Materials and methods. A critical analysis of the research works is carried out; the hydrological, geological, topographical aspects and land use factors are reasonably selected, which allow to propose a hierarchical decision-making model for prioritizing areas where hydraulic structures can be designed. Results. AHP-TOPSIS, a hybrid method of the multicriterial analysis, was used. A reasonable choice of parameters and other factors is necessary to make decisions needed to determine the best area that will accommodate construction works, since it will reduce the amount of pre-project work in a particular region. The reservoir, whose parameters and coefficients are studied, will be thoroughly explored with a focus on its hydrology, topography, geology, and terrain use. The municipality of Manicaragua, belonging to the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, is considered as a case of the practical application of this approach. Based on the information provided by the geographic information systems and the hybrid method of the multi-criterial analysis, a pairwise comparison of alternatives for each of the established parameters was performed, the weights of alternatives were obtained, and the order of prioritization of the areas that can accommodate hydraulic structures was established. Conclusions. The analysis of the priority areas, made on the basis of the selected parameters used as the criteria and alternatives, allowed us (1) to analyze 12,591 districts of the municipality of Manicaragua as the potential locations of hydraulic structures, and (2) to reduce their number to 23 %.
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Bowden, A. R., and A. Rigg. "ASSESSING RISK IN CO2 STORAGE PROJECTS." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03034.
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A key challenge to researchers involved with geological storage of CO2 has been to develop an appropriate methodology to assess and compare alternative CO2 injection projects on the basis of risk. Technical aspects, such as the risk of leakage and the effectiveness of the intended reservoir, clearly need to be considered, but so do less tangible aspects such as the value and safety of geological storage of CO2, and potential impacts on the community and environment.The RISQUE method has been applied and found to be an appropriate approach to deliver a transparent risk assessment process that can interface with the wider community and allow stakeholders to assess whether the CO2 injection process is safe, measurable and verifiable and whether a selected alternative delivers cost-effective greenhouse benefits.In Australia, under the GEODISC program, the approach was applied to assess the risk posed by conceptual CO2 injection projects in four selected areas: Dongara, Petrel, Gippsland and Carnarvon. The assessment derived outputs that address key project performance indicators that:are useful to compare projects;include technical, economic and community risk events;assist communication of risk to stakeholders;can be incorporated into risk management design of injection projects; andhelp identify specific areas for future research.The approach is to use quantitative techniques to characterise risk in terms of both the likelihood of identified risk events occurring (such as CO2 escape and inadequate injectivity into the storage site) and of their consequences (such as environmental damage and loss of life). The approach integrates current best practice risk assessment methods with best available information provided by an expert panel.The results clearly showed the relationships between containment and effectiveness for all of the four conceptual CO2 injection projects and indicated their acceptability with respect to two KPIs. Benefit-cost analysis showed which projects would probably be viable considering base-case economics, greenhouse benefits, and also the case after risk is taken into account. A societal risk profile was derived to compare the public safety risk posed by the injection projects with commonly accepted engineering target guidelines used for dams. The levels of amenity risk posed to the community by the projects were assessed, and their acceptability with respect to the specific KPI was evaluated.The risk assessment method and structure that was used should be applied to other potential CO2 injection sites to compare and rank their suitability, and to assist selection of the most appropriate site for any injection project. These sites can be reassessed at any time, as further information becomes available.
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Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Maurizio Mazzoleni, and Maria Rusca. "The legacy of large dams in the United States." Ambio 50, no. 10 (March 8, 2021): 1798–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01533-x.
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AbstractThe sustainability of large dams has been questioned on several grounds. One aspect that has been less explored is that the development of dams and reservoirs often enables agricultural expansion and urban growth, which in turn increase water consumption. As such, dam development influences, while being influenced by, the spatial and temporal distribution of both supply and demand of water resources. In this paper, we explore the interplay between large dams, patterns of population growth and agricultural expansion in the United States over the past two centuries. Based on a large-scale analysis of spatial and temporal trends, we identify three distinct phases, in which different processes dominated the interplay. Then, we focus on agricultural water use in the Southwest region (Arizona, California and Nevada) and explore chicken-and-egg dynamics where water supply partly meets and partly fuels water demand. Lastly, we show that the legacy of dams in the United States consists of a lock-in condition characterized by high levels of water consumption, especially in the Southwest, which leads to severe water crises and groundwater overexploitation when droughts occur.
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Souza-Cruz-Buenaga, F. V. A., S. A. Espig, T. L. C. Castro, and M. A. Santos. "Environmental impacts of a reduced flow stretch on hydropower plants." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 3 (September 2019): 470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.183883.
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Abstract In Brazil, given its privileged hydrology, the unexplored economic use of water resources has many dimensions, such as hydroelectric power. This energy will face increasingly rigorous social and environmental impact assessments (40% of potential is located in the Amazon region). Hydropower inventory studies conducted over decades, with solutions such as ecological river flows, that flood smaller areas and reduce natural river flows modifications, are being reviewed. The river extension from dam to the point where the waters are returned after the powerhouse is known as the Reduced Flow Stretch (RFS). Even mega-projects, such as the 11.3 GW Belo Monte dam, are designed with deviating flows reaching an astounding 13,000 m 3/s (excavated material higher than Panama Canal). RFS requires to be carefully studied to achieve appropriate ecological flows, since RFS flows increased reduces the plant's electricity production to the same installed capacity. Balancing RFS requirements and hydroelectric power remains a challenge and, clearly, there is no consensus. Here, we performed an analysis of the main environmental impacts caused by RFS requirements, considering the multiple water use specific for each dam site. The natural variability of river flows provides diversity of habitats and maintains the richness and complexity of biological communities. Therefore, the present study has great ecological, social and economic relevance, since proper evaluation of the RFS requirements avoids potential destabilization of biological communities and even loss of biodiversity. This type of arrangement was more common in dams located in headwaters of rivers, as in the slopes of the Andes mountain range, and in regions like the Alps. There are many hydroelectric plants in South America and Europe that have this type of arrangement of engineering works. But the times are different and the environmental impacts have to be better evaluated. A final aspect also involves the maintenance of ecological flows downstream of dams. Regularization reservoirs need to keep downstream, even if they do not have a TVR, adequate flows that represent minimally the seasonality of the river, with floods and droughts, that propitiate the maintenance of the ecosystems downstream. There are cases such as the Sobradinho Plant in the São Francisco River that has been much questioned in this regard, especially when the climate is changing in the basin, with long periods of drought, and with increasing water use. So this is a very important and increasingly current issue.
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Hilwana, Aflia, Evi Eviyanti, and Marice . "COMPARAISON DANS LE ROMAN NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS." HEXAGONE Jurnal Pendidikan, Linguistik, Budaya dan Sastra Perancis 7, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/hxg.v7i1.10931.
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Cette recherche a pour but de savoir l'utilisation des structures et des aspects comparés de la comparaison dans le roman Notre-Dame de Paris. On utilise la théorie de la comparaison de Poisson-Quinton (2003) qui explique qu'il existe trois structures de la comparaison en français : supériorité (utilisant le comparatif plus ... que), infériorité (utilisant le comparatif moins ... que) et égalité (utilisant le comparatif aussi ... que ouautant ... que) ainsi qu'il y a quatre aspects comparés de la comparaison : qualité (utilisant l'adjectif qualificatif), quantité (utilisant le nom), action (utilisant le verbe) et information (utilisant l'adverbe).La méthodede la recherché estdescriptive qualitative avec la technique de documentation.Le résultat de la recherche trouve que toutes les trois structures de la comparaison sont utilisées dans le roman avec la récapitulation suivante : supériorité (plus ... que) 48 fois, infériorité (moins ... que) 12 fois et égalité (aussi...que et autant ...que) 9 fois (aussi .. que 8 fois et autant ... que 1 fois). La structure supériorité est utilisée plus fréquemment car elle est la plus simple et la plus courante dans la langue écrite. Tandis que la structure égalité est utilisée plus rarement car elle est compliquée et n'est pas courante dans la langue écrite. Ensuite, on a également trouvé que tous les quatre aspects comparés de la comparaison sont utilisés dans le roman avec la récapitulation suivante : qualité (adjectif qualificatif) 54 fois, quantité (nom) 6 fois, action (verbe) 3fois et information (adverbe) 6 fois. La comparaison de la qualité est plus fréquente car c'est la fonction principale de la comparaison dans la grammaire française alors que la comparaison de l'action est plus rare car on comparemoins pas les activités entre des personnages du roman. L'histoire de Notre-Dame de Paris compare plus de qualités que d'actions. Mots clés: comparaison,roman, NotreDame de Paris.
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De Masi, Roberto, Stefania Orlando, and Maria Carmela Costa. "Dementia-Associated Compulsive Singing (DACS): Presentation of Unpublished Clinical Cases Miniseries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710844.
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Dementia-associated compulsive singing (DACS) is a neurotransmettitorial-based behavioral disturbance, characterized by an unabating melodic expression, occurring in patients that suffer from evolved dementia. Previously described only as a “punding” aspect of the dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in the Parkinson’s disease (PD), compulsive singing has now been described, for the first time, in four non-PD patients effectively treated with Haloperidol or Quetiapine. Unlike the DDS-associated conditions, in our cases DACS is not pharmacologically induced, being that all patients were L-dopa-free. We detected a diffuse hyperintensity of the white matter and brain atrophy, with insular shrinkage as well as ventricular system and/or sub-arachnoid space enlargement in our DACS patients. Furthermore, similarly to the other behavioral symptoms of dementia, DACS also seems to be correlated to the degree of cognitive and functional impairment, rather than its subtype. In conclusion, DACS is a non-cognitive, unpublished clinical aspect of evolved dementia, which is interesting due to the involvement of the extra-nigral dopaminergic system, resulting in an unabating altered behavior, but also to the enrichment of our knowledge in the involutional diseases of the central nervous system and their physiopathological manifestations.
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Djamila Abdelkader ABID, Nassima MOKHTARI- SOULIMANE, and Hafida MERZOUK. "Effect of Linseed Oil Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity in Pregnant Overfed Obese Rats and Their Offspring." Journal of Natural Product Research and Applications 1, no. 02 (December 3, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v1i02.11.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of linseed oil on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative capacity, as well as serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and TG levels, in cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, and in their offspring throughout adulthood. Food and energy intakes were also evaluated. The cafeteria diet led to higher energy intake, body weight, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (higher TC, LDL-C and TG) in dams’ rats and their pups. Plasma vitamin C, Erythrocyte GSH levels and catalase activity were lower, whereas plasma diene conjugates (DC), Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels (PC) in plasma and erythrocytes were higher in cafeteria-diet-fed mothers and their pups compared to controls. Supplement of linseed oil significantly enhanced plasma antioxidant defense capacities, as evaluated by the marked increase in the levels of plasma vitamin C and erythrocyte GSH as well as the activities of CAT and the significant reduction in lipid peroxidation (lower DC and MDA) and PC in CAFL-diet-fed mothers and their offspring. Simultaneous intake of linseed oil also reduced body weight, plasma TG, TC and LDL-C contents in obese pregnant and lactating dams and their pups at day 30 and day 90. The flaxseed oil supplementation may prevent lipid peroxidation and metabolic disorders which might be helpful in preventing obesity complications in mothers during pregnancy and lactation and in their offspring. REFERENCES:Adeoye, O., Olawumi, J., Opeyemi, A., & Christiania, O. (2016). Review on the role ofglutathione on oxidative stress and infertility. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 22(1), 61-66.Aebi, H. (1974). Catalase. 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Weesie, Ruben. "Towards Adaptive Commons: A Case Study of Agro-Pastoral Dams in Northern Ghana." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020319.
Full textAbstract:
Agro-pastoral dams (APDs) are an increasingly popular method of adaptation interventions improving communal water supply in rural West Africa. However, APDs are often constructed in areas where culturally heterogeneous pastoralists and farmers compete for similar land and water resources. Lifting open access water abundance is likely to change if not intensify ongoing tensions between farmers and settling Fulani herders. The extent of collective action and inclusivity of 6 APDs in Northern Ghana are analysed, combining theory from common-pool resource management and equity and justice in climate change adaptation into a proposed Inclusive Collective Action (ICA) model. Practically, the article demonstrates that neither fully excluding Fulani pastoralists nor making dams openly accessible results in inclusive APD usage and management where collective action is successful, and more dynamic forms of regional inclusion and exclusion are needed. Theoretically, the article identifies some of the limitations of applying the enabling conditions for collective action of common-pool resource theory as it tends to overlook negative aspects of excluding certain user groups in culturally heterogeneous contexts from managing and using a commons.