Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dams - environmental aspects'

This study investigates how actions – especially narratives and claims – of civil society advocates influenced electricity generation planning and hydropower project implementation, in the context of a democratising authoritarian state. To pursue this research agenda, I use a critical realist philosophy of science to ground a conceptual framework whose fundamental components consist of institutions, interests, and discourses. The research presents three case studies from Thailand, a nation-state with distinct authoritarian legacies, as well as significant economic and political dynamism in the late 20th century. The cases step from macro to micro levels of analysis: (1) Electricity generation planning: an overview and critique of the social construction of peak power demand and supply options in Thailand, 1960s–2004. I focus on the rise of energy conservation advocacy in the early 1990s, and the rise of more confrontational energy activism in the late 1990s; (2) Pak Mun Dam: contention between EGAT, anti-dam villagers, and other state and civil society actors, 1989–2003; (3) Pak Mun Dam: analysis of how knowledge discourses shaped debates over fisheries and local livelihoods in the lower Mun river basin, 1999–2004. I pursue these cases in the larger context of Thai state–society relations, 1932–early 2000s: from the Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) and its founders’ increasingly authoritarian struggles to shape the state; through to the rise of civil society in the Indochina-war era; through the emergence of parliamentary politics and NGO evolution in the 1980s and early 1990s; to the Thai Rak Thai “money politics” party that emerged in 1998. Specific research questions focus on patterns and outcomes of state–society interaction, the role of lay and expert knowledge discourses in structuring conflict, and plausible causal connections between outcomes and concepts used in the conceptual framework. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2001 and 2005, with 18 months of intensive work concentrated in 2002 and 2004. Recurrent procedures consisted of collecting policy narratives and arguments and re-constructing actors’ interests (including those of leaders in organizations) via participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis. The thesis argues that anti-dam advocates influenced project implementation practices at Pak Mun Dam by forming social change networks, gaining contingent recognition as new political actors. Through innovative and disruptive action, through claims for transparency and justice, through mass performances of worthiness, unity, and commitment, and through the production of local knowledge, they helped set agendas. They triggered elite intervention, as well as reactive counter-mobilization and occasional violence. The escalation of uncertainty from unintended outcomes challenged elites – aided by deliberative exchanges – to reconsider unfavourable decisions, to reconsider their preferences, and to make concessions. At the same time, a number of events made the Assembly of the Poor, the main anti-dam movement organization, vulnerable to destabilizing action at the local and national levels. These include: the formation of competitive organizations in the lower Mun basin; complex and intractable issues (such as multiple rounds of compensation); and inability to take credit for championing the interests of vulnerable small farmers. Destabilizing interactions occurred particularly in the restricted media space of the post-financial and economic crisis years. Populist platforms put forward by Thai Rak Thai and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra pre-empted the AOP’s influence. Sustainable energy advocates influenced practices of power system planning by teaching new techniques of energy conservation, and diffusing new norms. In the recent period, however, as some of them engaged in more contentious interaction, such as intervening in conflicts over new coal and hydroelectric power plants (in southern Thailand and Laos respectively) they disrupted dominant rationalities, and found themselves confronting some of the same core practices of a power-wielding bureaucracy and an authoritarian state, namely rhetorical strategies that police the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. The thesis, intended to contribute to social science methodology and theory, concludes with a critical appraisal of the conceptual framework. I suggest new research agendas for analysts interested in mechanisms of civil society advocacy in the context of democratising states.

PhD
This study investigates how actions – especially narratives and claims – of civil society advocates influenced electricity generation planning and hydropower project implementation, in the context of a democratising authoritarian state. To pursue this research agenda, I use a critical realist philosophy of science to ground a conceptual framework whose fundamental components consist of institutions, interests, and discourses. The research presents three case studies from Thailand, a nation-state with distinct authoritarian legacies, as well as significant economic and political dynamism in the late 20th century. The cases step from macro to micro levels of analysis: (1) Electricity generation planning: an overview and critique of the social construction of peak power demand and supply options in Thailand, 1960s–2004. I focus on the rise of energy conservation advocacy in the early 1990s, and the rise of more confrontational energy activism in the late 1990s; (2) Pak Mun Dam: contention between EGAT, anti-dam villagers, and other state and civil society actors, 1989–2003; (3) Pak Mun Dam: analysis of how knowledge discourses shaped debates over fisheries and local livelihoods in the lower Mun river basin, 1999–2004. I pursue these cases in the larger context of Thai state–society relations, 1932–early 2000s: from the Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) and its founders’ increasingly authoritarian struggles to shape the state; through to the rise of civil society in the Indochina-war era; through the emergence of parliamentary politics and NGO evolution in the 1980s and early 1990s; to the Thai Rak Thai “money politics” party that emerged in 1998. Specific research questions focus on patterns and outcomes of state–society interaction, the role of lay and expert knowledge discourses in structuring conflict, and plausible causal connections between outcomes and concepts used in the conceptual framework. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2001 and 2005, with 18 months of intensive work concentrated in 2002 and 2004. Recurrent procedures consisted of collecting policy narratives and arguments and re-constructing actors’ interests (including those of leaders in organizations) via participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis. The thesis argues that anti-dam advocates influenced project implementation practices at Pak Mun Dam by forming social change networks, gaining contingent recognition as new political actors. Through innovative and disruptive action, through claims for transparency and justice, through mass performances of worthiness, unity, and commitment, and through the production of local knowledge, they helped set agendas. They triggered elite intervention, as well as reactive counter-mobilization and occasional violence. The escalation of uncertainty from unintended outcomes challenged elites – aided by deliberative exchanges – to reconsider unfavourable decisions, to reconsider their preferences, and to make concessions. At the same time, a number of events made the Assembly of the Poor, the main anti-dam movement organization, vulnerable to destabilizing action at the local and national levels. These include: the formation of competitive organizations in the lower Mun basin; complex and intractable issues (such as multiple rounds of compensation); and inability to take credit for championing the interests of vulnerable small farmers. Destabilizing interactions occurred particularly in the restricted media space of the post-financial and economic crisis years. Populist platforms put forward by Thai Rak Thai and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra pre-empted the AOP’s influence. Sustainable energy advocates influenced practices of power system planning by teaching new techniques of energy conservation, and diffusing new norms. In the recent period, however, as some of them engaged in more contentious interaction, such as intervening in conflicts over new coal and hydroelectric power plants (in southern Thailand and Laos respectively) they disrupted dominant rationalities, and found themselves confronting some of the same core practices of a power-wielding bureaucracy and an authoritarian state, namely rhetorical strategies that police the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. The thesis, intended to contribute to social science methodology and theory, concludes with a critical appraisal of the conceptual framework. I suggest new research agendas for analysts interested in mechanisms of civil society advocacy in the context of democratising states.

Mining activity is suspected of contributing sulfate and total dissolved solids (TDS) to ground water downgradient of the Pima mining district. High ionic concentrations in tailing impoundments suggest that tailings-pond recharge may be a source of the contamination. Experiments indicated that sulfate is not significantly produced by inorganic sulfide oxidation in the tailings ponds. Tailings pond water chemistries were compared with historical water quality analyses in the Pima district. The U.S.G.S. computer program PHREEQE modeled saturation indices for anhydrite, calcite, fluorite, and gypsum in water chemistries throughout the study area. Well water downgradient of the mines had lower saturation indices than tailings pond water which discredits the claim that tailings-pond recharge is acquiring salts as it percolates to the aquifer. Evidence supports the opinion that tailings pond seepage is contributing to the sulfate and TDS content in ground water downgradient of the ponds.

Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A dam can have a significant impact on the downstream river morphology by altering both the flow regime and the sediment load. The effect of a dam is dependent on factors such as the storage capacity relative to the mean annual runoff (MAR), the operation of the reservoir and the sediment yield of the catchment. Changes in the river morphology include the degradation and coarsening of the riverbed, generally closer to the dam, and aggradation further downstream where the sediment delivered by tributaries cannot be carried through because of the reduced sediment transport capacity of the river. The impact of a dam can stretch over several hundreds of kilometres. The main objective of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the impacts that dams can have on the downstream river morphology. This was done by developing equations that can describe the channel geometry, investigating the effect of the presence of clay and silt on the sediment transport behaviour of sediments, as well as detailed evaluation of simulations carried out with a one-dimensional mathematical river model (MIKE 11). The calibrated regime equations were found to be comparable to other internationally developed regime equations and to be suitable for natural rivers. It was found, however, that these regime equations are not applicable to rivers downstream of dams that have highly unnatural release patterns. Further research is needed in this regard. By investigating the effect of cohesive sediments on the sediment transport behaviour of mixed sediments it was found that as little as 7% clay and silt in the bed could affect their sediment transport characteristics. A methodology was also developed by which the critical conditions for mass erosion of cohesive sediments can be described in terms of the applied stream power. Sediment transport equations were calibrated and verified in terms of the unit input stream power for fine and non-cohesivesediments. The sediment transport equation for fine sediments was implemented in MIKE 11. The simulations over a 40 km reach of the Pongola River downstream of Pongolapoort Dam, have shown that even when a large demand is placed on the stored water, and most of the smaller floods are therefore absorbed by the dam, the downstream impact can still be considerable, with as much as 5 m deep erosion in places. The sediment loads are generally reduced (by as much as 35%), but the effective catchment area downstream of the dam has been reduced by as much as 90%, indicating that substantial erosion had to have taken place in the river. Coarsening of the riverbed was also observed during the simulations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Dam kan 'n aansienlike impak he op die riviermorfologie stroomaf daarvan, deurdat dit beide die vloei en sedimentlading drasties kan verander. Die effek van 'n dam hang van verskeie faktore af, soos die opgaarkapasiteit in vergelyking met die gemiddelde jaarlikse afloop (GJA), die bestuur van die dam en die sedimentlewering van die opvanggebied. Veranderings in die riviermorfologie behels die degradering van die rivierbed, sowel as die uitspoel van fyn materiaal uit die rivierbed, veral nader aan die dam. Deponering vind verder stroomaf van die dam plaas, waar die sediment wat deur die sytakke ingevoer word nie deurgevoer kan word nie, weens die verlaagde sedimentdravermoe van die rivier. Sodoende kan rivierlope oor honderde kilometers deur 'n dam bemvloed word. Die hoofdoel van die tesis was om meer insig te verkry oor die impak wat damme op die stroomaf riviermorfologie kan he. Derhalwe is vergelykings ontwikkel wat die riviermorfologie kan beskryf. Die effek van die teenwoordigheid van klei en slik op die sedimentvervoer-eienskappe is ondersoek, en gedetaileerde ontledings is met 'n een-dimensionele wiskundige riviermodel (MIKE 11) is gedoen. Daar is bevind dat die regime-formules goed vergelyk met ander intemasionaalontwikkelde formules en dat hulle geskik is vir toepassing op natuurlike riviere. Daar is egter gevind dat die formules nie geskik is vir riviere wat stroomaf Ie van damme wat hoogs onnatuurlike loslatings het nie. Verdere navorsing is op hierdie gebied nodig. Ondersoek na die effek wat klei en slik op die sedimentdravermoe het, het getoon dat slegs 7% klei en slik in die rivierbed die sedimentvervoer-eienskappe van mengsels van fyn en growwe materiaal kan bemvloed. 'n Metode is ontwikkel waarmee die kritiese toestande vir massa-erosie van kohesiewe sediment beskryfkan word in terme van die aangewende stroomdrywing teen die bed. 'n Sedimentvervoer-vergelyking in terme van die eenheids-insetstroomdrywing vir fyn en nie-kohesiewe sedimente is gekalibreer en geverifieer. Die nuwe sedimentvervoer-vergelyking vir fyn sedimente is gebruik in die MIKE 11 simulasies. Hierdie simulasies oor 'n 40 km loop van die Pongolarivier stroomaf van Pongolapoort Dam, het getoon dat selfs as daar 'n groot aanvraag op 'n dam se water geplaas word, en gevolglik meeste van die kleiner vloede deur die dam geabsorbeer word, die impak van die dam nogs steeds aansienlik kan wees, met soveel as 5 m diep uitskuring in plekke. Die sedimentladings het gewoonlik verminder (met soveel as 35%), maar die die effektiewe opvanggebiedarea stroomafvan die dam het met meer as 90% verminder, wat daarop dui dat daar aansienlike erodering in die rivier plaasgevind het. Die simulasies het ook getoon dat die hoeveelheid fyn materiaal in die rivierbed verminder het.

There is a paucity of information concerning the invertebrate food resources available to juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River as they migrate seaward. Construction of mainstream dams has altered the temperature cycle, flow regime, and substrate which indigenous invertebrates were adapted to. Studies on how the macroinvertebrate community has adapted to these alterations have been neglected. This study was undertaken to help fill this void. Macroinvertebrate drift samples were collected over a three year period in the Columbia . River downstream from Bonneville Dam. Samples were collected with a D-ring plankton net fished on the bottom for one-half hour. Two sites were sampled; Ives Island (RKM 230), from 1987 through 1989, and Lady Island (RKM 193), in 1988 and 1989.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Zambezi River is the largest east-draining river in Africa. It captures runoff from 8 different countries before draining into the Indian Ocean in Mozambique through the Zambezi Delta which is recognised as a (Ramsar) Wetland of international importance. The Zambezi River flows are currently regulated by four large hydropower dams within its catchment. Much attention has been given in recent literature to the detrimental effects of the altered flow regime as a result of dams on the Zambezi River and the Delta in particular. Existing research relating to these negative effects includes many detailed ecological, hydrological and qualitative morphological studies but to date no detailed morphological modelling studies have been conducted in this regard. In this thesis a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and morphological numerical model of the Zambezi Delta is created using topographical information obtained from a navigational study (Rio Tinto, 2011). The model hydrodynamics are calibrated using recorded water levels and flows at two gauging stations within the model domain. The bed load sediment transport is calibrated using field measurements (ASP, 2012b). The effects of dams on the Zambezi Delta are investigated by performing two 10 year simulations, one representing the current (post-dam) scenario and the other representing a pre-dam scenario. These simulation results show a significant decrease in flooded areas and sediment movement on the floodplains as a result of dams. Additional effects on channel widths and depth, on bed gradings, and on tidal water level variations are analysed. The model is then used to simulate a proposed environmental flood release scenario. Such releases have been recommended as a means to partially mitigate the negative impacts of dams on the Zambezi River. In this case an annual flood release supplying a peak flow of 8500 m3/s (slightly less than the pre-dam mean annual flood of 10 000 m3/s) was found to cause slightly more flooding of the close floodplains and to have small effects on the river channel width. The model predicts hydrodynamics and bed sediment transport of non-cohesive sediments with suitable accuracy but an issue with the suspended transport of cohesive sediments was identified. Recommendations are made for addressing the suspended sediment transport inaccuracy. The model, in its current form, can provide quantitative information regarding the hydrodynamics and course sediment transport of the general delta region on a coarse scale. With additional computational resources and accurate topographical information the model can be refined to give accurate predictions for localised areas within the delta. Such information would be valuable to specialist studies addressing the environmental effects of various proposed flooding scenarios or future dams.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Zambezirivier is die grootste oos-dreineerende rivier in Afrika. Dit ontvang afloop van ag verskillende lande voor dit in die Indiese Oseaan in Mozambiek uitmond. Die Zambezidelta work erken as 'n RAMSAR vleiland van internasionale belang. Die vloei in die rivier word tans gereguleer deur vier groot hidro-elektriese damme binne sy opvangsgebied. Baie aandag is in die onlangse literatuur gegee aan die nadelige gevolge van die veranderde vloei as gevolg van damme op die Zambezi Rivier en spesifiek op die Delta. Bestaande navorsing met betrekking tot hierdie negatiewe effekte sluit in detail ekologiese, hidrologiese en kwalitatiewe morfologiese studies, maar tot op datum is geen gedetailleerde morfologiese modelleringstudies gedoen nie. In hierdie tesis is 'n twee-dimensionele gekoppelde hidrodinamiese en morfologiese numeriese model van die Zambezi Delta geskep met behulp van topografiese inligting wat verkry is uit 'n navigasiestudie (Rio Tinto, 2011). Die model hidrodinamika is gekalibreer deur teen watervlakke en vloei by twee meetstasies in die model domein. Die bedvrag sedimentvervoer is gekalibreer met behulp van veldmetings (ASP, 2012b). Die ȉnvloed van die damme op die Zambezi Delta is ondersoek deur twee 10-jarige simulasies, een wat die huidige ( na-dam ) scenario en die ander wat 'n voor-dam scenario ondersoek. Hierdie simulasie resultate toon 'n beduidende afname in die oorstroomde gebiede en sedimentbeweging op die vloedvlaktes as gevolg van damme. Bykomende effekte op kanaalbreedtes en -diepte, op die bedgraderings , en op getywatervlak variasies is ontleed. Die model is vervolgens gebruik om 'n voorgestelde omgewingings vloedloslaating te ondersoek. Sodanige loslaatings is aanbeveel om die negatiewe impak van damme op die rivier gedeeltelik te verminder. In hierdie geval gee 'n jaarlikse vloedloslaating met 'n piekvloei van 8500 m3/s (effens minder as die voor-dam gemiddelde jaarlikse vloed van 10 000 m3/s) effens meer oorstromings van die vloedvlaktes en het 'n klein uitwerking op die rivierkanaalbreedte. Die model voorspel die hidrodinamika en bedsedimentvervoer van nie-kohesiewe sedimente met betroubaarheid, maar 'n probleem met die vervoer van kohesiewe sedimente is geïdentifiseer. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir die aanspreek van die kohesiewe sedimentvervoer onakkuraatheid. Die model, in sy huidige vorm, kan kwantitatiewe inligting oor die hidrodinamika en natuurlik sedimentvervoer van die algemene delta streek by benadering verskaf. Met bykomende rekenaar hulpbronne en akkurate topografiese inligting kan die model verfyn word om akkurate voorspellings vir plaaslike gebiede binne die delta te gee. Sulke inligting kan waardevol wees vir spesialis-studies van die omgewingsimpakte van verskillende voorgestelde vloedloslaatings of toekomstige damme.

The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, exists within five counties, and flows through agricultural, residential, industrial, and forest land areas. Four major rivers discharge to the Chehalis River, as well as many smaller creeks, five wastewater treatment plants, and groundwater flows. Flooding is a major problem in the relatively flat areas surrounding the cities of Chehalis and Centralia, with severe consequences for property, safety and transportation. As a result, construction of a flood-control dam in the upper basin has been proposed. One major concern of constructing a dam is the potentially severe impacts to fish health and habitat. The Chehalis River has routinely violated water quality standards for primarily temperature and dissolved oxygen, and has had multiple water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load studies beginning in 1990. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate the Chehalis River, including free flowing river stretches and stratified (in summer) lake-like stretches. The goals of this research were to assess the flood retention structure's impacts to water quality, as well as river responses to potential climate change scenarios. In order to use the model to achieve these goals, calibration to field data for flow, temperature, and water quality constituents was performed. This involved developing meteorological data, riparian shading data, and flow, temperature, water quality records for all tributaries during the calibration period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. System cross-sectional geometry data were also required for the model grid. Because of the short travel time in the river, the model was sensitive to boundary condition data, wind speed, bathymetry, nutrient kinetics, and algae, epiphyton, and zooplankton kinetics. Future conditions showed predictions of warmer water temperatures and slight changes to water quality conditions on the river. As fish in the area prefer cooler water temperatures, this could pose a threat to fish health and habitat. Flood retention structures also showed impacts to river temperature and water quality. Structures with the purpose of flood retention only (only operating during times of flooding) gave model predictions for daily maximum temperature higher than structures that employed flood retention and flow augmentation (operating during all times of the year). This suggested the management of flow passage or retention by the dam is important for water quality on the river. As this research continues improvements will be made, particularly to temperature and water quality constituents. Additional data for the system would be beneficial to this process. Model predictions of temperature were sensitive to meteorological data, including cloud cover, which were largely estimated based on solar radiation. Additional meteorological data throughout the basin would be useful to temperature results. Temperature results were also sensitive to the model bathymetry, and additional investigations into segments widths and water depths may improve temperature predictions. Water quality constituent data were largely lacking for the system. Many estimation techniques and approximations were used for input water quality constituents for the model upstream boundary and tributaries when little or no data were available, introducing uncertainty to the model. It was not possible to calibrate pH to field data because alkalinity data were essentially unavailable. However, other constituents had good agreement between model predictions and field data, including dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids.

Expanding anthropogenic development within the tropical forest biome is driving the loss of an irreplaceable global resource. Mega-diverse tropical forests are vital for regulating the global carbon cycle, and are essential for climate change mitigation. Today, over half of the world’s remaining tropical forest is degraded or regenerating secondary forest. Tropical forests are becoming increasingly fragmented through the expansion of agriculture and roads. Landscape-scale flooding of terrestrial habitats caused by dam construction is an emerging driver of habitat loss and fragmentation. Much attention has been paid to the long-term impacts of tropical forest fragmentation for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon emissions. Most of our understanding of the impacts associated with habitat fragmentation originates from systems in which the habitat matrix surrounding remnant forest patches is another, albeit low quality, terrestrial habitat. However, dam-induced habitat fragmentation results in remnant terrestrial biological communities becoming isolated on islands within a water matrix. A water matrix presents the worst-case scenario for remnant habitat fragments. In Chapter 2 I synthesise the results of numerous studies reporting the responses of taxonomic groups to isolation on reservoir land-bridge islands, and uncover a globally-applicable pattern of extinction debt acting upon remnant biological communities on reservoir islands. All islands, regardless of taxonomic group, habitat type, or island area lose species as island isolation time increases. Moreover, I show that contrary to existing ecological theory, once terrestrial habitat becomes isolated within a water matrix, it is effectively too isolated for species losses to be buffered by metapopulation dynamics. Dam development is rapidly expanding in the largest remaining tract of intact tropical forest, the Amazon Basin. In Chapters 3 and 4 I study the Balbina mega-dam system in the central Brazilian Amazon. Here, I use detailed field inventories of trees and lianas on islands and in continuous mainland habitat to determine the impact of landscape-scale habitat fragmentation caused by reservoir creation on these taxonomic groups. I find that islands maintain tree communities at significantly lower densities, richness and diversity compared to continuous forest. Furthermore, tree communities on islands exhibit compositional divergence from those found in mainland continuous forest. Island tree assemblages are dominated by low-wood density species, and may be on a trajectory towards communities characteristic of early successional forests with reduced carbon storage capacity. In contrast, liana assemblages remain compositionally intact and are becoming increasingly dominant relative to trees. Thus, lianas appear robust to many of the negative impacts associated with landscape-scale habitat fragmentation. As insular tree communities continue to degrade through area- and edge-effects, lianas may become a key feature of this archipelagic landscape due to their competitive advantage over trees in disturbed forest habitats. Lianas significantly inhibit tree recruitment and carbon storage. Thus, findings from Chapters 3 and 4 provide strong evidence for additional, and currently unaccounted-for biodiversity and carbon impacts associated with tropical dams. As development of tropical forest regions increases, there is an urgent need to reconcile the need for resources with the need for ecosystem service provision, such as carbon storage, particularly as we attempt to mitigate the impacts of rising atmospheric carbon. Recent studies have shown that secondary tropical forests have the potential to rapidly uptake atmospheric carbon, and act as a powerful tool in climate change mitigation policy. Broad-scale estimates of secondary forest carbon uptake are currently based on above-ground biomass alone. In Chapter 5 I present carbon stock estimates of additional tropical forest carbon pools - soil and dead woody biomass - in secondary forests ranging from 40-120 years. I find that soil fertility (nitrogen concentration) is key in determining carbon storage in secondary forests, and that the stability of carbon stocks held in dead woody biomass increases with secondary forest stand age. I highlight the need to integrate detailed site-specific information into broad-scale predictive models of secondary tropical forest carbon sequestration. This thesis links ecological theory and landscape-scale field inventories, to provide new understanding of the long-term costs of tropical forest fragmentation for biodiversity conservation and carbon storage, and provides further evidence of the important role secondary tropical forests may play in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.

Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), an endemic species to the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A, has experienced staggering decreases in returns to spawning territories in recent decades. As lamprey are threatened severely by a lack of passage at mainstem dams, lamprey specific passage structures have been designed and constructed to address the problem. The Cascades Island Lamprey Passage Structure (LPS) at Bonneville Dam is the longest and steepest structure of its type, following the addition of an exit pipe which allows lampreys to travel from the tailrace of the dam to the forebay. The intent of this study was to assess lamprey use of the structure and whether the structure hinders lamprey migration to subsequent dams. The study was carried out during the 2013 migration season. The study used three different treatment groups of lampreys released on five dates spanning the migration season (n=75 lamprey). Two of these groups (n=50), with different tagging methods, were released directly into the LPS to assess passage success, travel time, and tagging effect. The third group (n=25) was released into the forebay to test whether the structure impedes migration upstream. Fish were monitored via receiver arrays on the LPS and at dams on the river system. Overall passage efficiency was 74% (37 of 50 used the CI LPS successfully). Mean travel time to navigate the structure was 12 h. Fish size had no significant effect on travel time in the LPS. Water temperature had a significant effect on travel time in the LPS. There was no statistically significant effect of tagging on passage efficiency or travel time. The groups that used the LPS performed slightly better migrating upstream to the next dam than the group that bypassed the structure, but the difference was not significant. The groups that used the LPS traveled to more subsequent dams upstream than did the group that bypassed the LPS. It can be concluded that lamprey passed the structure successfully. Temperature (proxy for seasonality) had an effect on travel time in the LPS; however fish size and tagging had no effect. The LPS does not affect the ability of migrating lampreys to continue migration to subsequent dams. Such findings have important implications for management of lamprey in the region.

Thesis (MScAgric (Agricultural Economics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rising demand of fish due to population growth coupled by stagnation of fish supply from natural capture has led the world to turn to aquaculture to fill in the gap between fish supply and demand. Aquaculture has emerged as the only sustainable way of supplying the rising population with fish. However the rapid expansion of aquaculture has been met with growing concerns over its environmental effects especially waste produced from aquaculture. The net cage system that is currently being used by small scale trout farmers in the Western Cape is an open water based system where release of waste into the water bodies is inevitable and this put into question the long term sustainability of trout farming using net cages in irrigation dams in the Western Cape. This study sought to compare identified production techniques that can be used by aquaculture farmers to reduce accumulation of organic waste in irrigation dams. The proposed ‘clean’ production techniques include use of net cages fitted with Lift-up system, semi intensive floating tank system (SIFTS) and intergrated aquaculture systems. The study revealed that the intergrated aquaculture system is the most effective way of recovering waste that shows great potential of moving aquaculture towards long term sustainability as it fullfills sustainability dimensions such as ‘zero emission’, nutrient recycling and integrated production. Mechanical methods of recovering waste such as Lift-up system and SIFTS are also effective in recovering particulate waste but however dissolved nutrients are lost into the environment. The study went on further to investigate if economic, environmental and social benefits of recovering waste from irrigation dams outweigh the costs of recovering waste using different production techniques. Models of small scale aquaculture farms using the three identified production techniques were developed and compared with a modelled small scale net cage farm where there was no waste recovery. A comparative financial analysis of the modelled small scale trout farms using alternative production techniques carried out showed that trout production using any of the three alternative ‘clean’ production techniques is financially viable with the SIFTS production technique giving the farmer the highest returns, followed by the intergrated system, then the net cage with a Lift-up system and lastly the net cage system without waste recovery. The second part of the study used the contingent valuation method to estimate the environmental and social benefits of removing waste from dams. Households revealed that they were willing to pay (WTP) R40 on average annually to improve water quality from a state where eutrophication had occurred to a state suitable for irrigation and aquaculture. To improve water quality from a state suitable for irrigation to a state suitable for swimming, households were willing to pay R16.67 annually. If water was to be improved from a state suitable for irrigation to a level suitable for domestic purposes, average willingness to pay (WTP) was R26.17 annually. WTP indicate that besides financial benefits associated with using ‘clean’ production techniques there are environmental and social benefits that will arise to the farm community using water from the irrigation dams.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die stygende vraag na vis as gevolg van bevolkingsgroei, tesame met die stagnering van die aanbod van vis vanaf natuurlike vangste het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die oë van die wêreld op akwakultuur gerig is om die gaping in die voorsiening van vis te vul. Akwakultuur het ontwikkel as die enigste volhoubare manier om aan die groeiende vraag na vis te voldoen. Die vinnige uitbreiding van akwakultuur het egter toenemende besorgdheid in die nadelige omgewingsimpak, veral ten opsigte van akwakultuurafval, tot gevolg gehad. Die nethokstelsel wat tans deur kleinskaalse forelboere in die Wes-Kaap in oop watergebaseerde sisteme gebruik word en die vrystelling van afval in die wateromgewings wat onafwendbaar is, plaas ’n vraagteken oor die langtermyn volhoubaarheid van die nethokstelsel forelboerdery in besproeiingsdamme in die Wes- Kaap. Die studie het ten doel gehad om geïdentifiseerde produksiestelsels wat deur akwakultuurboere gebruik kan word om die akkummulasie van organiese afval in besproeiingsdamme te verminder, te vergelyk. Die voorgestelde “skoon” produksietegnieke sluit in nethokke wat aan ’n opligstelsel gekoppel word, ‘n semi-intensiewe drywende tenk- stelsel (“SIFTS system” in Engels) en ‘n geïntegreerde akwakultuurstelsel. Met hierdie studie is bevind dat die geïntegreerde stelsel die mees effektiewe manier is om afval te herwin en toon potensiaal om akwakultuur op ’n vohoubare pad te plaas aangesien dit aan die volhoubaarheidsdimensies van geen emissie, voedingstofherwinning en geïntegreerde produksie voldoen. Meganiese metodes van afvalherwinning soos die nethokopligstelsel en die SIFTS-stelsel is effektief in die herwinning van vastestofdeeltjies, maar opgeloste voedingstowwe word steeds in die omgewing vrygestel. Die studie het voorts ten doel gehad om te bepaal of die ekonomiese, omgewings- en sosiale voordele om afval uit besproeiingsdamme te herwin, groter is as die herwinningskoste van die verskillende produksietegnieke. Modelle van kleinskaalse akwakultuurplase wat die drie geïdentifiseerde produksiestelsels gebruik, is ontwikkel en aangewend om te vergelyk met ’n nethokstelsel waar geen afvalherwinning gedoen word nie. ’n Vergelykende finansiële ontleding van die gemodelleerde kleinskaalse forelboerderye met die verskillende produksietegnieke is gedoen en daar is bevind dat enige een van die drie “skoon” stelsels finansieel lewensvatbaar is, met die SIFTS-stelsel wat die hoogste vergoeding aan die boer bied, gevolg deur die geïntegreerde stelsel, dan die nethokke aan ’n opligstelsel en dan die nethokstelsel sonder afvalherwinning. Die tweede deel van die studie het van die voorwaardelike (“contingent”) waardasiemetode gebruik gemaak om die omgewings- en sosiale voordele om afval uit besproeiingsdamme te verwyder, te bepaal. Huishoudings het aangetoon dat hulle bereid sou wees om tot R40 per jaar te betaal om die waterkwaliteit te verbeter vanaf ’n toestand waar eutrifikasie plaasgevind het na ’n toestand waar die water vir besproeiing en akwakultuur geskik sou wees. Om die waterkwaliteit vanaf ’n toestand geskik vir besproeiing te verander na ’n toestand geskik om in te swem, sou huishoudings bereid wees om R16.67 per jaar te betaal. Indien water vanaf ’n toestand geskik vir besproeiing verander sou word na ’n toestand geskik vir huishoudelike gebruik, sou huishoudings gewillig wees om jaarliks R26.17 te betaal. Die “gewilligheid om te betaal” dui aan dat daar bo en behalwe die finansiële voordele om van “skoon” produksietegnieke gebruik te maak, ook omgewings- en sosiale voordele vir die plaasgemeenskap bestaan met die gebruik van die water uit die besproeiingsdamme.

Thesis (PhD (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water storage in reservoirs forms an integral part of the agricultural landscape in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A few large reservoirs serve primarily as a drinking and industrial water supply, while on private farms, small reservoirs provide irrigation water for the dry summer period. Protection of water quality to secure irrigation and drinking water quality, and the extension of water use efficiency are priority issues in the Western Cape. In the current study, the suitability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cage farming as a non-abstractive water use was investigated. The current study concentrated on the identification, and where possible quantification of aquaculture impacts, the identification of successful sites and a description of requirements in which net-cage aquaculture has none or a very low negative impact on water quality (e.g. <15 % change from previous water quality conditions for phosphorus concentrations). In order to study the effects of 5 t trout cage production units in reservoirs <15 ha in area, the general ecology of the irrigation reservoirs was assessed. Sixteen reservoirs without aquaculture production (reference reservoirs) were compared to 26 reservoirs with aquaculture production (production sites with varying production histories). Catchment characteristics were also monitored. Water from different depths (0 m, 2 m, 6 m and near bottom) was tested for physical and chemical qualities as well as nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and species composition was monitored. In addition to the general phytoplankton findings, cyanophytes were evaluated for their contribution to algal taint problems that emerged at a number of production sites. Sediments were tested for total phosphorus content and phosphorus release capacity. Indicators and minimum conditions to avoid the most common production problems were formulated. In order to determine long-term production success, which prevents trophic level changes of reservoirs, a mass balance approach (nutrient budget) was employed to indicate the limits for nutrients that can be added. The phosphorus balance indicated long term trends for reservoirs with and without aquaculture. The detailed mass balance approach was compared to a “ready to use” carrying capacity model that estimated the maximum fish load each reservoir could support. The anthropological input of phosphorus into the reservoirs causes a decreasing water quality in the studied reservoirs and this development was also reported for lowland rivers. Twenty percent of the studied reservoirs are in a condition that could be an immediate threat to fish or water bird health (e.g. free ammonia concentrations and pH). Harmful algal blooms were not observed. Aquaculture production evoked changes in water chemistry and ecology in most of the studied reservoirs. Adverse effects of aquaculture sites versus non-aquaculture sites were: increased phytoplankton biomass and species shifts towards sizes >80 μm. The increased phytoplankton abundance influenced pH maxima to values >9 at mid-day. The high pH fluctuations were greatly influenced by the naturally low alkalinity and hence low calcium buffering capacity of Western Cape waters. The deoxygenation of the hypolimnion during stagnation (summer) occurred faster in reservoirs of certain character, greatly dependent on elevation and surface area, with consequent acidification of the hypolimnion, as well as ammonia and total phosphorus (TP) accumulation. In this context, a diversity of each reservoir with and without aquaculture production, with a similar ratio of undisturbed reservoirs to reservoirs with influence of e.g. agriculture, were compared to each other. When grouping the respective differences from the average reference reservoir (i.e. no trout production), a low impact on water quality was manifested at four sites (15 %) with <15 % increase of bottom TP and ammonia, while eight sites (31 %) showed medium effects (59 % mean increase), and a high impact was found at 54 % of the sites (312 % mean increase). In reservoirs without aquaculture, the extent of incoming phosphorus (which could represent an influence by runoff from agricultural land) was very high. However, in small reservoirs (<5 ha), these values were exceeded by the incoming phosphorus from aquaculture practices. In the case of small reservoirs where the carrying capacity was clearly surpassed, effects caused by aquaculture were severe and the assimilation of waste by the system was not possible (in extreme cases aquaculture waste delivered 60 to 90 % of all incoming phosphorus – two to nine times the phosphorus brought in by rivers and runoff). With regards to sediment, only indirect conclusions could be drawn. Aquaculture production increased hypolimnetic anoxia and the latter was shown to increase potential phosphorus release from sediments. This implies that not only will aquaculture increase the phosphorus concentration of surface waters directly, but it will also increase internal loading. The sedimentation rate was increased with cage aquaculture which affects a hypothesized area of approximately 0.2 to 1.0 ha depending on reservoir hydrology. The composition of the sediment increased organic components which can impact on sediment processes. It can be postulated that increased sedimentation of aquaculture waste and extended anoxic conditions impact on macrozoobenthos. Hydrological and nutrient mass exchange of the reservoirs indicated that no annual increase of phosphorus was achieved with low nutrient input (good inflowing water quality) or good water exchange (>5 times per year), and sometimes with extraction of hypolimnetic water during the stagnation period (summer). A model developed by Beveridge (1984) showed similar results to the mass balance approach and can therefore serve as a more ready model to determine suitable stocking rates. The small (man-made) reservoirs in the Western Cape are in a eutrophication process which far exceeds the speed of natural eutrophication (trophic states indicating highly eutrophic or hypertrophic conditions after approximately 10 to 20 years following construction of the reservoirs) and this process is triggered by agricultural practice (indicated by literature – not a subject of this study). However, it is concluded from the data of this study that trout-cage aquaculture duplicated the total phosphorus already present (independent of continuation of the projects, the phosphorus introduced was trapped in the closed systems the reservoirs represent) in only 1 to 2 years of production - which means a significant acceleration of the eutrophication process already in place. There are positive exceptions where trout-cage production is possible without negative effects. Careful site selection is the most important step in successful and sustainable trout production. No impact of aquaculture was recorded at four reservoirs (15 % of the investigated reservoirs) which shared the characteristics of good water exchange (>3 times per year) and a minimum surface area of 5 ha. Additionally, criteria that reduced the risk of algal taint included a minimum water depth of 6 to 7 m in a reservoir at its lowest water point (to avoid intermediate mixing during the stagnation period) as well as cold hypolimnetic conditions (<17 °C) to minimize cyanophyte cyst remobilization. Further improvement of food conversion ratio (feeding management) and feed quality are the next (after site selection) two most important components that determine if a reservoir can be utilised for cage production without any long-term changes. There is potential in advances in feed quality, feed management and waste collection systems. These measures (e.g. the cage size could be decreased to efficate feeding management) can increase the number of sustainable sites and achieve multiplication of water use without water quality deterioration.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die stoor van water in reservoirs vorm ‘n integrale deel van die landboulandskap in die Westelike Kaap gedeelte van Suid-Afrika. ‘n Aantal groter reservoirs voorsien primêr water primer vir drinkdoeleindes en vir aanwending deur industrieë, terwyl kleiner reservoirs op private plase gebruik word vir besproeiing gedurende die droë somerperiode. Die beskerming van die waterkwaliteit en die uitbreiding van watergebruik se doeltreffendheid, word bestempel as ‘n prioriteit vir die Wes-Kaap. In die huidige studie is die geskiktheid van forel hokkultuur as ‘n bykomende watergebruik, maar sonder waterverbruik, ondersoek. Die huidige studie fokus op die identifisering en waar moontlik die kwantifisering van die impak van akwakultuur op besproeiingsreservoirs; die identifisering van potensiële reservoirs vir akwakultuur; en die beskrywing van toestande waarin akwakultuur geen of ‘n baie lae negatiewe uitwerking op die waterkwaliteit (bv. < 15 % verandering vanaf oorspronklike waterkwaliteitstoestande vir fosforkonsentrasies) sal hê. Om die impak van 5 t forel hokproduksie eenhede in <15 ha reservoirs te bestudeer, is die algemene ekologie van die besproeiingsreservoirs bepaal. Watermonsters, geneem op verskillende dieptes (0, 2, 6 en naby die bodem), is getoets vir fisiese- en chemiese kwaliteit sowel as vir die nutriëntkonsentrasies. Die biomassa en spesiesamestelling van fitoplankton sowel as zooplankton is gemonitor. Sestien verwysingsreservoirs is vergelyk met 26 produksiereservoirs (met wisselende vlakke van produksiegeskiedenis). Die karakeristieke eienskappe van die opvangsgebied is ook gemonitor. Tesame met die algemene fitoplankton bevindinge, is blougroen alge ook geëvalueer vir hul bydrae tot algae besmettingsprobleme wat voorgekom het by ‘n aantal produksie persele. Sedimente is getoets vir die totale fosforinhoud en fosforvrystellingskapasiteit. Perseelseleksie is geidentifiseer as een van die mees belangrikste faktore vir suksesvolle hokproduksie. Indikatore en minimum toetstande wat vereis word om die mees algemene produksieprobleme te verhoed, is geformuleer. Om die langtermyn produksie sukses te bepaal, wat trophiese vlakke se verandering in die reservoirs verhoed, is ‘n massa balans benadering (nutriënt balans) gebruik. Die fosfor balans het langtermyn tendense aangetoon en in die geval van die produksie reservoirs, is die akwakultuurimpak gekwantifiseer. Die gedetaileerde massa balans benadering is vergelyk met ‘n “gereed om te gebruik” drakapasiteitsmodel wat die maksimum vis wat die reservoir kan onderhou, geskat het. Die antropogeniese toevoer van fosfor na die reservoirs veroorsaak ‘n afname in die waterkwaliteit van die reservoirs wat bestudeer is. Die verskynsel van ‘n afname in waterkwaliteit is ook vir verskeie laagliggende riviere geraporteer. Sowat 20 % van die besproeiingsreservoirs wat bestudeer is, is tans in ‘n toestand wat die onmiddelike gesondheid van vis en watervoëls kan bedreig. Skadelike algebbloei is nie waargeneem nie. Akwakultuurproduksie het negatiewe effekte getoon in ‘n aantal reservoirs. Die nadelige uitwerking van akwakultuur waar digthede te hoog was, is: toename in fitoplankton biomassa en spesiesverskuiwinge. Die toename in fitoplankton teenwoordigheid het die pH maxima beïnvloed tot waardes >9 teen 12 uur middag. Die hoë pH fluktuasies is grootliks beïnvloed deur die natuurlike lae alkaliniteit en gevolglike kalsium bufferkapasitiet van die Wes-Kaap se waterbronne. Die deoksiginasie van die hipolimnion gedurende stagnasie (somer) het vinniger plaasgevind in oorbelaaide reservoirs, met gevolglik ‘n versuring van die hipolymnion, sowel as die akkumelering van ammoniak en totale fosfor. In hierdie konteks word reservoirs met en sonder landbouproduksie, met ‘n gelyke verhouding van onversteurde reservoirs tot reservoirs wat deur landboubedrywighede beinvloed word, met mekaar vergelyk. By vier persele (15 %) is ‘n lae impak vasgestel (<15 % toename in bodem TF en ammoniak), terwyl agt persele (31 %) ‘n medium impak getoon het (59 % gemiddelde toename in bodem TF en ammoniak) en ‘n hoë impak is opgemerk by 54 % van die persele (31 % gemiddelde toename in bodem TF en ammoniak). In reservoirs sonder akwakultuur, was die omvang van fosforinvloeiing baie hoog en is moontlik veroorsaak deur die invloei van afloopwater uit omliggende landbougebiede. Alhoewel in klein reservoirs (<5 ha) was hierdie waardes oorskadu deur die invloeiing van fosfor deur akwakultuur praktyke.In die geval van klein reservoirs, waar die drakrag duidelik oorskry is, was die gevolge, soos veroorsaak deur akwakultuur ernstig, en die assimilasie van afval deur die sisteem nie moontlik nie. In die uiterste gevalle het akwakultuurafval 60 % - 90 % van alle inkomende fosfor gelewer - twee tot nege maal die fosfor wat deur riviere en afloopwater ingevloei het. Wat die sediment aanbetref, kon slegs indirekte gevolgtrekkings gevorm word. Akwakultuurproduksie het hipolimnetiese anoksia laat toeneem en die laasgenoemde verskynsel, het die potensiaal aangedui vir die toename in die vrystelling van fosfor vanaf die sediment. Dit dui daarop dat akwakultuur nie alleen die fosforkonsentrasie in die oppervlaktwater laat toeneem nie, maar sou ook die interne belading laat kon toeneem. Die sedimentasie tempo het toegeneem met die teenwoordigkeid hokkultuur en het ‘n hipotetiese area van ongeveer 0.05 tot 1.00 ha, afhangende van reservoir hidrologie, beïnvloed. Die samestelling van die sediment het toegeneem in teme van die organiese komponente wat die sedimentasie prosesse kon beïnvloed. Dit kan gepostuleer word dat die toename in sedimentasie van akwakultuurafvalprodukte tesame met verlengde anoksiese toestande, ‘n invloed op die makrosoöbentiese organismes het. Hidrologiese en nutriënt massa uitruiling van die reservoirs het aangetoon dat geen jaarlikse toename in fosfor verkry kan word met lae nutrient toelae (kwaliteit van invloeiende water) of met goeie waterverplasing nie, en soms met die ekstraksie van hipoliminetiese water gedurende die stagnasie periode (somer). Die Beveridge model het soortgelyke resultate getoon tot die massabalans benadering en kan daarom dien as ‘n meer aanvaarbare model om gepaste beladingstempo vas te stel. Kleiner mensgemaakte reservoirs in die Wes-Kaap is onderhewig aan ‘n eutrofikasie proses wat die spoed van natuurlike eutrofikasie (trofies verwys na ‘n hoogs eutrofiese of hipertrofiese toestand ongeveer 10 tot 20 jaar na reservoir konstruksie) oorskry. Literatuur (nie ondersoek in die huidige studie) dui aan dat hierdie versnelde eutrofikasie proses meegebring word deur landbouaktiwiteite in die opvangsarea van die reservoirs. Resultate van die huidige studie het getoon dat forelproduksie in hokstelsels, die konsentrasie van total fosfor wat reeds beskikbaar was, verdubbel het. Die toename in fosforkonsentrasie het binne 1 tot 2 jaar na die aanvang van forelproduksie in die betrokke reservoirs, plaasgevind. Daar is egter uitsonderings waar forelproduksie in hokstelsels moontlik was, sonder die gepaardgaande afname in die waterkwaliteit. Die belangrikste stap vir suksesvolle en volhoubare forelproduksie is deeglike perseelseleksie. Daar is geen impak van akwakultuur waargeneem by vier persele (15 %) wat die eienskappe van goeie waterverplasing (>3 keer per jaar) en ‘n minimum oppervlakarea van 5 ha gehad het nie. Bykomend, sluit kriteria wat die risiko van algbesmetting laat afneem, ‘n minimum waterdiepte van 6 tot 7 m in ‘n reservoir by die laagste punt in (om te verhoed dat intermediêre vermenging plaasvind gedurende die stagnasieperiode) sowel as koue hipolimnetiese toestande (<17 °C) om sianobakterieë sist remobilisasie te minimaliseer. Verdere verbetering van die VOH (voeromsettingsverhouding onder voedingsbestuur) en voerkwaliteit is na perseeleleksie, die volgende komponente wat kan aandui of ‘n perseel gebruik kan word vir hokkultuur sonder enige impak. Vordering met voerkwaliteit en voedingsbestuur kan die aantal volhoubare persele laat toeneem en daardeur meer effektiewe watergebruik teweeg bring, sonder die verwante waterkwaliteit verswakking.

Radon has been identified as an important factor that could result in a health hazard by studies all around the world. The health risks can be minimised by preventive measures where radon is highly concentrated as in some mines and homes. Measuring and modelling the radon concentrations in the mine dump soil, can help to deduce the radon flux to identify the problem areas for rehabilitation especially in the cases of gold and uranium mine tailings. Rehabilitation in those cases usually consists of a multilayer cover of solids like crushed rock or clay. A passive method incorporating electret technology was used in this study to determine the radon emanation coefficient of the soil. This investigation also describes the modelling of a depth profile with respect to the radon activity concentration to understand from how deep radon might be migrating, as well as the effect of different diffusion lengths.

Includes bibliographical references.
The purpose of this dissertation is to assess and evaluate various water level management options for the upgrading of Olushandja Dam in northern Namibia within the framework of the environmental impact assessment carried out for the project. This will enable the Namibian Department of Water Affairs (DWA) to improve their management of the dam for the benefit of the local communities and consumers in the Oshana Water Region (Figure 5 . 1). The dam has been in existence since 1975 and is part of the Calueque-Olushandja inter-basin water transfer scheme. A pipeline and a series of canals links Calueque Dam , on the Cunene River in Angola , with Olushandja Dam in Namibia and the urban areas to the east and south. In order to provide for the expected increase in water requirements from agricultural and rural development the scheme is presently being upgraded. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) was initiated in 1994 by the DWA as a requirement of the Dutch Government who are funding the project. Biophysical studies were undertaken by staff from the DWA and private consultants from Windhoek. The socio-economic study was carried out by a study team from the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, in association with a consultant from the University's Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU). The EEU was appointed to compile a full EIA based on the findings of the specialist reports. This report is expected to be completed by October 1995.

O trabalho apresenta discussões sobre a Contabilidade e sua relação com as atividades que interferem no meio ambiente, enfocando a sustentabilidade em decorrência da extração de matéria-prima nas florestas da Amazônia paraense por cerca de 1.210 empresas madeireiras instaladas no estado, cuja produção anual de madeira processada tem atingido patamares acima de 4 milhões de m3. O trabalho destaca, ainda, a importância da Contabilidade no acompanhamento da evolução patrimonial das entidades do setor considerando que no panorama atual, as particularidades ambientais têm sido objeto de variadas discussões, possibilitando um espaço para a vertente Contabilidade Ambiental segregar os dados e gerar informações compatíveis com as necessidades dos usuários sem perder de vista as variáveis: empresa, meio ambiente, sustentabilidade e sociedade. Por fim, o trabalho destaca o desempenho dos mercados que vêm absorvendo bem a produção e exigindo mais o selo de garantia da origem dos produtos, representando um novo desafio para a manutenção das empresas que operam com recursos florestais.
O trabalho apresenta discussões sobre a Contabilidade e sua relação com as atividades que interferem no meio ambiente, enfocando a sustentabilidade em decorrência da extração de matéria-prima nas florestas da Amazônia paraense por cerca de 1.210 empresas madeireiras instaladas no estado, cuja produção anual de madeira processada tem atingido patamares acima de 4 milhões de m3. O trabalho destaca, ainda, a importância da Contabilidade no acompanhamento da evolução patrimonial das entidades do setor considerando que no panorama atual, as particularidades ambientais têm sido objeto de variadas discussões, possibilitando um espaço para a vertente Contabilidade Ambiental segregar os dados e gerar informações compatíveis com as necessidades dos usuários sem perder de vista as variáveis: empresa, meio ambiente, sustentabilidade e sociedade. Por fim, o trabalho destaca o desempenho dos mercados que vêm absorvendo bem a produção e exigindo mais o selo de garantia da origem dos produtos, representando um novo desafio para a manutenção das empresas que operam com recursos florestais.

A sustentabilidade como novo paradigma para as várias áreas da ciência e tecnologia é objeto de estudo do presente trabalho. Neste foram investigados os conceitos e o histórico referentes à sustentabilidade e sua repercussão na cadeia produtiva da construção civil, como deve ser a atuação dos profissionais envolvidos no processo, englobando desde o projeto arquitetônico até a demolição ou desmonte. Foram colocados ainda exemplos de obras sustentáveis no exterior e no Brasil. O autor acredita na sustentabilidade como um processo que requer o envolvimento de toda a sociedade, contribuindo para o diálogo entre os meios produtivos e o meio ambiente. Nesse sentido buscou-se aplicar alguns conceitos de sustentabilidade relacionados com o processo construtivo e a vida útil do imóvel, propondo um projeto arquitetônico para uma residência na região metropolitana do Recife
Sustainability as a new paradigm for the various areas of science and technology is the subject matter of this work. It investigates concepts and history related to sustainability and its impact on the construction supply chain, addressing the role of the professionals involved, covering from the architectural design to demolition or dismantling. Examples of sustainable construction in Brazil and abroad were placed. The author believes in sustainability as a process that requires the involvement of the whole society, contributing to the dialogue between the production and the environment. In this sense some concepts of sustainability-related construction process and property lifetime were applied proposing an architectural design for a residence in the metropolitan area of Recife

In this thesis the impact of the Atatü
rk Dam on social and environmental aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia Project has been discussed in terms of planning and policy making, institutional arrangements, infrastuctural development and human resources development. In order to analyse the impacts of Atatü
rk Dam data related to several components are collected. These components can be listed as resettlement, land acquisition and land consolidation, education, health, gender issues. The results show that the Atatü
rk Resettlement has been done involuntarily. The people mostly have their compensation. However the management abilities of the resettlers for the compensations were poor. Generally the Southeastern Anatolia Project as a large scale multi sectoral projects have positive impacts on the literacy ratio and health standards. Actually the social and environmental aspects of this kind of large scale projects are difficult to predict and measure. Therefore reasonable studies on prediciting the problems related to the environemental and social issues and producing sufficient solutions become more and more important day by day. The Southeastern Anatolia Project becomes an important example for similar projects by considering its both positive and negative impacts

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Thesis (MScAgric (Conservation Ecology and Entomology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Small farm dams (< 20 ha) in the Western Cape Province provide adequate water conditions for intensive cage production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A major environmental concern of cage aquaculture, however, is the high inputs of nutrients via commercial diets and the subsequent eutrophication of the water source. Eutrophication can result in the degradation of the general water quality (increasing pH levels, oxygen depletion, increased hydrogen sulphide and free ammonia) and shifts in the phytoplankton structure (increased biomass, single species dominance). Deterioration of water quality will affect the success of the fish farming enterprise as well as the performance of irrigation equipment by increasing the risk of clogging and corrosion. Water quality, phytoplankton and zooplankton compositions were monitored at four sites from June 2005 to November 2006 to determine the effects of cage culture on the farm dam environment, its associated biota as well as irrigation water quality. The distribution of nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, was mainly influenced by the stratification and mixing regime of the water bodies. Nutrient concentrations increased during the winter mixing period while in the summer months, they seem to settle to the lower part of the water column. Nutrient concentrations of production sites and reference sites were comparable except for the ammonia levels that were significantly higher at the production sites. Phytoplankton corresponded with nutrient availability resulting in high biomass during winter. In terms of biomass, phytoplankton was approximately two times more abundant in production sites compared to reference sites. Assemblage dominance by cyanophytes (Anabaena circinalis, Microcystis spp.) was found more often in production sites, while reference sites were dominated by dinophytes (Ceratium hirundinella, Peridinium spp.). Zooplankton biomass concurred with high phytoplankton biomass in winter. Zooplankton assemblages in production sites sustained much higher biomass. Effects of cage culture on irrigation water quality are evident from increased algal biomass and shifts in species composition. These results indicated that at its present production level, cage culture had impacts on the farm dam environment and irrigation water quality. The most significant evidence was given by increased plankton biomass and single species dominance in production sites. However, these findings can not solely be ascribed to the introduction of aquaculture as various other factors may also contribute to the water quality of these ecosystems.

Orientadores: Francisco Sergio Bernardes Ladeira, Salvador Carpi Junior
Anexos: 2 tabelas de dados e 1 mapa "Riscos ambientais e sua distancia"
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T15:09:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dagnino_RicardodeSampaio_M.pdf: 5764412 bytes, checksum: 131645cec6e822cb39869ebdce2dd6a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Este trabalho trata dos riscos ambientais na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão das Pedras, uma importante sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Anhumas, no Município de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo. O Ribeirão das Pedras drena águas do Distrito de Barão Geraldo e dos Bairros Santa Genebra, Jardim Costa e Silva, Alto Taquaral, Jardim Primavera e outros. Nesta bacia se localizam os campi de diversas instituições de ensino e pesquisa como a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, além de diversas indústrias e estabelecimentos comerciais de grande porte. Na área da bacia, 29,7 km2, residem cerca de 36 mil habitantes, totalizando mais de 1200 hab/km2. O mapa final, elaborado com base na representação proposta por Journaux (1985), utilizou dados adquiridos em trabalhos de campo, além de outros resultados do Projeto Anhumas ¿ FAPESP. Dentre o total de 120 situações de riscos mapeadas, os maiores, em área, foram identificados como riscos relacionados ao cultivo agrícola, com a utilização de agrotóxicos e o cultivo de Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGM), além das situações de riscos especiais, relacionados à presença da Unicamp e do Shopping Parque D. Pedro como as principais fontes de riscos da Bacia. Ao final, são feitas sugestões de continuidade para o estudo de riscos ambientais utilizando o mapeamento participativo de riscos e a proposta de cartografia elaborada com base em Journaux (1985)
Abstract: This work deals with the environmental risks at Ribeirão das Pedras, an important subwatershed of the Ribeirão das Anhumas watershed, at Campinas, São Paulo state. The Ribeirão das Pedras drains waters of the of Barão Geraldo district and the quarters called Santa Genebra, Jardim Costa e Silva, Alto Taquaral, Jardim Primavera and other quarters. In this basin is located universities, as the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) and the Pontifical University Catholic of Campinas, and big industries and commercial establishments. In this watershed live 36 thousand inhabitants, in one area like 29,7 km2, totalizing more than 1200 hab/km2. The final map, elaborated on the basis of the representation proposal for Journaux (1985), used data collected in fieldwork, and additional results of the Anhumas Project - FAPESP. Amongst the total of 120 mapped risk situations, the biggest, in area, was identified a risks related to plantation with agro-toxics and the culture of genetically modified organism (GMO). Moreover, the presence of the Unicamp and Dom Pedro Shopping, classified as special situation of risk, are related as the main sources of risks of the watershed. At the end, suggestions are made for the continuity of using the participatory risk mapping and the cartography elaborated on the basis of Journaux (1985) in other environmental risk studies
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_eugenio_leicht.pdf: 2721360 bytes, checksum: 85c33a9ea26fe3c1941bf6b73941a893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25
Sustainability as a new paradigm for the various areas of science and technology is the subject matter of this work. It investigates concepts and history related to sustainability and its impact on the construction supply chain, addressing the role of the professionals involved, covering from the architectural design to demolition or dismantling. Examples of sustainable construction in Brazil and abroad were placed. The author believes in sustainability as a process that requires the involvement of the whole society, contributing to the dialogue between the production and the environment. In this sense some concepts of sustainability-related construction process and property lifetime were applied proposing an architectural design for a residence in the metropolitan area of Recife
A sustentabilidade como novo paradigma para as várias áreas da ciência e tecnologia é objeto de estudo do presente trabalho. Neste foram investigados os conceitos e o histórico referentes à sustentabilidade e sua repercussão na cadeia produtiva da construção civil, como deve ser a atuação dos profissionais envolvidos no processo, englobando desde o projeto arquitetônico até a demolição ou desmonte. Foram colocados ainda exemplos de obras sustentáveis no exterior e no Brasil. O autor acredita na sustentabilidade como um processo que requer o envolvimento de toda a sociedade, contribuindo para o diálogo entre os meios produtivos e o meio ambiente. Nesse sentido buscou-se aplicar alguns conceitos de sustentabilidade relacionados com o processo construtivo e a vida útil do imóvel, propondo um projeto arquitetônico para uma residência na região metropolitana do Recife

L’incertitude au travail peut provenir de l’ambiguïté de rôle, de la variation des conditions de travail, des doutes que le travailleur peut avoir à propos de la pertinence de ses activités, etc. La contribution majeure de cette thèse a été de développer et valider un questionnaire permettant d’évaluer la perception de l’incertitude au travail comme renvoyant pour l’individu à des aspects usants (gêne, difficulté à prendre position, anxiété), mais également constructifs (stimulant les perspectives de changement, les opportunités d’apprentissage et de développement personnel), ainsi qu’à des stratégies permettant de gérer l’incertitude par le contrôle, l’évitement, ou la recherche d’une réassurance auprès d’autrui. Une série d’entretiens a également permis de relever d’autres stratégies propres à la vision constructive de l’incertitude permettant aux travailleurs de la gérer d’une façon proactive./Uncertainty at work may originate from role ambiguity, variations in the work conditions, unforeseen and unexpected events, or even from doubts that the worker may have about the relevance of his/her own activities. The major contribution of this thesis was to develop and validate the Uncertainty at Work Questionnaire (UnWoQ) which highlights how employees perceive uncertainty either in a damaging or in a constructive way, and how they tend to cope with it using strategies of control, avoidance and reassurance. We finally suggested some other strategies in relation with the constructive sides of uncertainty that help employees to cope with it in a proactive way.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carlos Sergio Souza P de A Franco.pdf: 4651329 bytes, checksum: 2284a7ec986e8abc4a2a94850c5aa323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30
In this paper are presented socio-environmental considerations about the dams safety being promoting the linking of the trilogy water, living beings and anthrop actions, as well as the evolution of the legal aspects. A study about the resources is done to establish a policy of efficient action which guarantees few risks of accidents involving dams and as they are inserted in the context of the global safety of the population. In general terms the investigation promotes an evaluation about the factors that contribute to the dams safety taking into consideration legal aspects of the administration of the water resources aiming to minimize the contentions in the treatment of the subject. In a more specific way, it proposes the creation of a law to be applied by the authorities of the State of Goiás. It is an exploratory research which took place from August 2006 to March 2008 that had bibliographies references, professionals considered experts talking about dams safety and, also, public agencies such as: MI, SEMARH and civil defense among others. It includes a proposition for the establishment of emergency action planning based on technical considerations about risk evaluation. and it presents the cases of the accidents in the dam of Flores de Goiás happened on 2004 and 2007. In Central Brazil regions more specifically in the State of Goiás was verified that the studies concerning to thewater resources are incipient. The public bodies presented divergences in the information on the quantitative of dams. Public agencies like Defesa Civil, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos and Agência Ambiental did not show evidences joint action for the planning, fiscalization and critical analysis of the decisive factors to the global safety of the society. Works in the physical dimensions are being accomplished in the Dam of Flores de Goiás to correct the mistakes of the hydrologic project. A debate about dam is a debate about development. To solve or to minimize conflicts concerning to the theme is necessary to have a broad consensus about the rules that govern the development choices and the criteria that should define the negotiations and the decision making. In this context the work of environmental education should be considered as instrument to promote changes of paradigms and management.
Neste trabalho são apresentadas considerações sócioambientais acerca da segurança de barragens promovendo a interligação da trilogia água, seres vivos e ações antrópicas, bem como a evolução dos aspectos legais. Faz-se um estudo, todavia, sobre os recursos para se estabelecer uma política de ação eficaz que garanta menor risco de acidentes envolvendo barragens e como os mesmos estão inseridos no contexto da Segurança Global da População. Em termos gerais, a investigação promove uma avaliação sobre os fatores que contribuem para a Segurança de Barragens, considerando aspectos regulatórios da gestão dos recursos hídricos objetivando minimizar as contendas no trato do assunto. De forma mais específica, propõe a criação de Lei para ser aplicada pelas autoridades do Estado de Goiás. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada no período de agosto 2006 a abril de 2008, que contou com consultas a referências bibliográficas, a profissionais considerados experts no trato do tema segurança de barragens e a órgãos públicos, tais como: MI, SEMARH e Defesa Civil, dentre outros. O trabalho inclui uma proposição para o estabelecimento de Planos de Ações Emergenciais, baseada em considerações técnicas sobre avaliação de riscos e apresenta o caso dos acidentes na barragem de Flores de Goiás, nos anos de 2004 e 2007. Na Região Centro-Oeste, sobretudo, no Estado de Goiás, verificou-se que os estudos acerca dos recursos hídricos ainda são incipientes. Os órgãos públicos apresentaram divergências nas informações sobre o quantitativo de barragens existentes. Órgãos como a Diretoria de Defesa Civil, a Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos e a Agência Ambiental não apresentaram evidências de ação conjunta eficaz para o planejamento, fiscalização e análise crítica dos fatores determinantes à segurança global da sociedade. O debate sobre barragens é um debate sobre a própria questão do desenvolvimento. As obras físicas realizadas na Barragem de Flores demonstram ter havido erro no dimensionamento do projeto hidrológico. Para resolver ou minimizar conflitos acerca do tema é preciso haver normas consensuais que regem as escolhas de desenvolvimento e os critérios que devem definir as negociações e a tomada de decisões. Neste contexto, a educação ambiental deve ser considerada como instrumento para fomentar mudanças de paradigmas e de gestão.

Orientador: Livia de Oliveira
Banca: Lucia Helena Batista Gratão
Banca: Lurdes Bertol Rocha
Banca: Werther Holzer
Banca: Lucy Marion Calderini Philadelpho Machado
Resumo: O rio das Contas é o principal elemento de confluência e de convergência das relações sociais e da subjetividade humana no espaço geográfico da sua bacia hidrográfica, relações estas representadas nas paisagens dos lugares. Esta tese tem a proposição de compreender o significado do rio das Contas na vida das pessoas de Itacaré, município do sul do estado da Bahia, registrando os sentimentos e os olhares destes indivíduos de diversas idades e profissões que experienciam, vivenciam o espaço-lugar-rio das Contas. Como estratégia da pesquisa de campo optamos pela história oral e, para coleta das informações, utilizamos a entrevista aberta. Entrevistamos 41 sujeitos em três locais, quais sejam: cidade de Itacaré, distrito de Taboquinhas e ao longo do rio. A partir das entrevistas, elaboramos quatro categorias, com a intenção de reunir os significados dados ao rio, pelos sujeitos da pesquisa: trabalho, subsistência, pertença e alegria. A água do rio provoca reflexões, não meramente geográficas... mas, carregadas de afetos... emoções... sentimentos... que, no dia-a-dia, constroem vínculos hidrotopofílicos entre as pessoas e o rio e, ainda, promovem a construção da identidade do riolugar. O rio das Contas é um lugar e um elemento da paisagem itacareense, percebido e vivenciado pelas pessoas que vivem próximas a ele, através de uma intensa relação afetiva... uma geograficidade... que se realiza na existência humana.
Abstract: Rio das Contas is the main confluence and convergence element of the social relations and the human subjectivity in the geographic space of its hydrographic basin, relations which are represented in the landscapes of the places. This thesis has the proposition of understanding what Rio das Contas means to the people from Itacare, a city in the south of Bahia state, registering the feelings and the views of these individuals of varied ages and occupations, people who experience the space-place-Rio das Contas. We have chosen the oral history as field research strategy and used open interview for information collection. We interviewed 41 subjects in three places, namely: Itacaré city, Taboquinhas district and along the river. Based on the interviews we elaborated four categories, with the intention of gathering the meanings given to the river by the subjects of the research: work, subsistence, belongness and happiness. The water of the river provokes reflections which are not merely geographic… but filled with affection... emotions... feelings... which day by day build hydrotopophilic bonds between the people and the river and, still, promote the construction of the identity of the river-place. Rio das Contas is a place and an element from the landscape of Itacaré, perceived and experienced by the people that live nearby through an intense affective relation... a geographicity which manifests itself in the human existence.
Doutor

Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T10:58:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Futada_SilviadeMelo_M.pdf: 7917513 bytes, checksum: 7aeb84128ad68795040b6dc3901e96a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O ambiente é um complexo espaço-temporal resultante de fatores abióticos e bióticos, também definido pela história e anseios humanos. A fragmentação de habitats está dentre as principais ameaças à  biodiversidade global e é desencadeada por distúrbios como expansões urbana e da agropecuária, bem como a exploração de recursos naturais. Para compreender os efeitos da fragmentação de habitats é indispensável aliar bases ecológicas a valores e práticas humanos. Este trabalho buscou compreender a fragmentação na bacia do ribeirão das Anhumas (Campinas, SP) aliando a análise da evolução dos fragmentos a informações históricas de cada um deles. Além disso, buscou compreender os diferentes contextos nos quais os fragmentos estão inseridos e de que forma essas informações obtidas poderiam contribuir para promover praticas de conservação efetivas. Foram utilizados SIG para análise de fotos aéreas multitemporais (1962, 1972 e 2002), realizadas visitas aos fragmentos, entrevistas com proprietários ou responsáveis, e analisados documentos da Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas e de hemerotecas. A área total dos fragmentos decaiu de 615,34ha (1962) para 451,62ha (1972) e então para 422,72ha (2002), correspondendo hoje a 2,82% da área total da bacia. Atualmente existem 34 fragmentos na bacia, dos quais 11 são áreas públicas e 23 estão localizados em propriedades privadas. Sete dos fragmentos estão tombados e 27 em estudo de tombamento. Os fragmentos estão sujeitos a diferentes pressões, como incêndio, corte de árvores, espécies invasoras e exóticas, poluição e especulação imobiliária. A condição geral dos fragmentos da bacia é desentusiasmante, mas a articulação e o esclarecimento do poder público, da sociedade civil organizada e dos proprietários dos fragmentos podem ser capazes de alterar essa situação
Abstract: The environment is a spacial-temporal complex resultant from not only abiotic and biotic factors, but also from human history and aspirations. The habitat fragmentation is one of the major threats to the world's biodiversity, and it is due to urban and agribusiness expansions, as well as exploitation of natural resources. In order to understand habitat fragmentation's effects, it is essencial to couple ecological foundations to human values. This study aimed to understand the Anhumas river hydrographic basin (Campinas, SP) fragmentation, analysing the remnants evolution in relationship to their historical aspects. Moreover, this work intented to comprehend in which way the different remnants a contexts could contribute to effective conservation practices. The methods used were: multitemporal (1962, 1972, 2002) aerial photographies analysis (GIS); remnants inspection; interviews with the owners or people responsible for the remnants; and analysis of documentation from the government of Campinas and from libraries. The total remnants a. area has decreased from 615.34ha (1962) to 451.62ha (1972) and to 422.72ha (2002). Currently, the total area of the Anhumas river basin corresponds to 2.82% of the original area. There are 34 remnants in the basin, 11 of them public areas and 23 private properties. Seven of the remnants are spot listed and 27 are under assessment to be spot listed. Timbering, burning, the presence of exotic and invasive species, pollution and real estate development are some of the variables that make the conservation of the remnants more complex. The present status of the Anhumas river basin s remnants is worrisome. However, the articulation and elucidation of public governments, nongovernment organizations, and the owners of the remnants might be able to counter this situation
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 920706 bytes, checksum: da603371fc955fd010a789c5a32f1362 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The experience with the ethanol cane in Brazil dates from the 1920 s. Due to the abundance of natural resources, low-waged manual labor and high productivity levels in the last decades, the country has presented production advantages and surpluses for export. However, the exports are obstructed by trade barriers and allegations of environmental damage caused by the production. Data of IBGE (2008) reveal a growth of almost 30% in the average revenue of the sugarcane farming in the last 10 years in the State of Paraíba. Moreover, in comparison with other states in the Brazilian North-East region, Paraíba was the third largest ethanol exporter in that period. Deserves attention the contribution of the product to the State's exports in the period 2000-2007: exception made for 2006, ethanol was among the four best exported products. Through the estimation of the partial equilibrium model developed by Laird and Yeats (1986), this study intended to estimate the probable effects on the Brazilian ethanol exports, especially for the case of the State of Paraíba, of a supposed elimination of barriers by the North American and European markets. The results indicated a potential increase of Brazil and, specifically, the State of Paraíba ethanol exports to the USA and EU, thus showing the negative economic impact of trade barriers. As characteristic of sustainable production, this study showed that the Brazilian and the State of Paraíba ethanol industry have been extending the techniques for the re-use of production waste as substitute of agriculture chemical products and for electric power generation. .
A experiência com o etanol de cana no Brasil remonta à década de 1920. Em razão da abundância de recursos naturais, de mão-de-obra barata e expressivos ganhos de produtividade nas últimas décadas, o país apresenta vantagens na produção e gera excedentes exportáveis. Entretanto, as exportações são prejudicadas por barreiras comerciais e principalmente alegações de danos ambientais causados pela produção. Dados do IBGE (2008) revelam que o estado da Paraíba teve um crescimento de aproximadamente 30% do rendimento médio da lavoura de cana nos últimos 10 anos. Além disso, na comparação com os demais Estados da Região Nordeste, a Paraíba foi o terceiro maior exportador de etanol nesse período. Merece destaque ainda a importância do produto na pauta de exportação do Estado no período 2000-2007: exceção feita para 2006, o etanol ficou entre os quatro produtos mais exportados. Este estudo buscou estimar os prováveis efeitos nas exportações brasileiras de etanol e, em particular, da Paraíba, da eliminação das barreiras nos mercados norteamericano e europeu através do modelo de equilíbrio parcial de Laird e Yeats (1986). Os resultados indicaram um expressivo aumento potencial das exportações do Brasil e, em específico, do estado da Paraíba, revelando assim o impacto econômico negativo das barreiras comerciais. Como característica de sustentabilidade, o estudo mostrou que o Brasil e o estado da Paraíba vêm ampliando as técnicas para o aproveitamento dos resíduos da produção em substituição a produtos agroquímicos e para fins de geração de energia elétrica.

A presente tese é um trabalho de pesquisa em design e sustentabilidade, que visa expor uma estratégia para utilização das emoções no desenvolvimento de produtos sustentáveis. Inicialmente houve a descrição de alguns dos principais métodos e teorias que cercam o design e a sustentabilidade, e como lacunas entre eles permitem que os vários tipos da obsolescência contaminem o processo de desenvolvimento, comercio e utilização dos produtos, causando inúmeros danos aos consumidores, sociedade e meio ambiente. O capítulo 4 monta um texto que envolve o consumo como um elemento de construção e significação cultural, estando presente na sociedade como um sistema complexo de signos que intermedia e complementa relações sociais. Este capítulo é a ponte para aproximar as emoções com o design e a sustentabilidade, cujas teorizações seguem nos capítulos 5 e 6. As emoções envolvem uma construção teórica que parte de conceituações amplas, entre a filosofia e a sociologia, para em seguida mergulhar especificamente sobre suas manifestações fisiológicas nos indivíduos. As considerações do neurocientista António Damásio, que descreve as emoções como principal elemento na tomada de decisões de cada indivíduo, são especialmente importantes, pois nelas repousam muitas das características semânticas que balizam nossas tomadas de decisões, inclusive aquelas que envolvem os atos de consumo. Todas as teorizações neste trabalho são um plano epistemológico que abre caminhos para uma nova exploração em design. Esta exploração é a exposição empírica de uma estratégia de utilização das emoções para o desenvolvimento de produtos sustentáveis, tendo como meta principal se contrapor à obsolescência. Para isto, foram utilizados objetos que carregam o poder de despertar grandes apelos emocionais em seus proprietários. Realizou-se uma técnica mista que iniciou com entrevistas semiabertas de seleção. Em seguida nove voluntários selecionados, em entrevistas abertas, descreveram relatos de suas vidas com o intermédio de seus objetos emocionais. A partir dos relatos destas entrevistas, fez-se correlações identificando as semelhanças que se agrupavam por influência cultural. A última etapa de experimentos passou para testes quantitativos de eletroencefalograma, mensurando e comparando as manifestações fisiológicas que os objetos emocionais causam em seus proprietários. Os resultados destes testes possibilitaram a indicação de aprofundamentos para as etapas qualitativas da pesquisa, bem como apontamentos diretos para uma estratégia que utilize as emoções para o desenvolvimento de produtos sustentáveis e menos suscetíveis ao descarte prematuro.
The present thesis is a research work in design and sustainability, which aims to expose a strategy for the use of emotions in the development of sustainable products. Initially there was a description of some of the main methods and theories surrounding the design and sustainability, and how they allow gaps between the various types of obsolescence contaminate the process of development, trade and use of the products, causing severe damage to consumers, and society environment. Chapter 4 rides a text that involves the consumption as an element of construction and cultural significance, being present in society as a complex system of signs that complements intermediate and social relations. This chapter is a bridge to bring the emotions with the design and sustainability, whose theories follow in chapters 5 and 6. Emotions involve a theoretical construct that part of broader conceptualizations, between philosophy and sociology, to then delve specifically about their physiological manifestations in individuals. The considerations of neuroscientist Antonio Damásio, who describes the emotions as the main element in the decision-making of each individual, are especially important because many of them lie semantic features that guide our decision making, including those involving acts of consumption. All theories in this work is an epistemological level that opens new avenues for design exploration. This exploration is exposure empirical strategy of using emotions to the development of sustainable products, having as main goal to counteract obsolescence. For this, we used objects that carry the power to awaken great emotional appeals for their owners. We conducted a mixed technique that began with open-ended interviews selection. Then nine volunteers selected in open interviews, described reports of their lives with their objects through emotional. From the reports of these interviews, it became correlations identifying the similarities were grouped by cultural influence. The last step of experiments passed tests for quantitative electroencephalography, measuring and comparing the physiological manifestations that cause emotional objects in their owners. The results of these tests allowed the indication for deepening the steps of qualitative research as well as direct pointers to a strategy that uses emotions to the development of sustainable products and less susceptible to premature disposal.

Includes bibliography.
The Olushandja dam is located in the northern part of Namibia, in the Omusati region - one of the four regions into which the former Ovamboland was divided after independence. The Olushandja dam is part of a two-dam supply system comprising the Calueque dam, on the Cunene river in Angola and the Olushandja dam in Namibia. Construction on Olushandja dam was completed in 1975. It acts as a storage and balancing dam for water supplied from Calueque. Olushandja dam is 17, 7kms long and about 300m wide. For the last 20 years it has been managed at 30% as this is the capacity at which evaporation balances injection of water into the dam and seepage. As part of a plan to upgrade the pumping facilities at Calueque and Olushandja dams, upgrading at Olushandja was initiated early in 1995, and involved repairing the north wall pump station and pumps, and the repair of the sluice gates at the south wall. Upgrading of the Calueque facilities is envisaged for 1996. With upgrading virtually complete at Olushandja, the UCT team were commissioned to conduct a SIA on the effect of changing the water level in the dam on the rural communities living in the vicinity of the dam. The SIA forms part of a full EIA looking at the overall environmental effect of changing the water level at which the dam is currently managed. The impact of the SIA will therefore be in terms of management rather than construction.

La prédiction du devenir des produits chimiques dans les sols est basée sur la description de nombreux mécanismes dont l'étude est pluridisciplinaire : microbiologie, hydrologie, pédologie, génie des procédés, géochimie et modélisation mathématique. L'approche choisie est de type dynamique des systèmes permettant le découplage des mécanismes sur colonnes de sols en laboratoire, soumises à différentes conditions initiales et aux limites contrôlées. L'étude cible les interactions physico-chimiques, le transport hydrodynamique et la biodégradation du pentachlorophénol (PCP) dans un sol brun lessivé sous culture de maïs et dans un sable. Les principaux mécanismes d'interaction du PCP avec les matrices solides ont été caractérisés en parallèle sur colonne et en systèmes fermés, mettant en évidence l'importance de la matière organique, du pH et de la teneur en eau immobile dans la régulation de ces interactions. Quatre souches bactériennes capables de dégrader le PCP ont été isolées. Après un an de conservation, ces souches ont perdu leurs capacités de dégradation, ce qui nous a conduit à utiliser une bactérie connue : Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus pour l'étude du comportement des microorganismes en microcosmes et en colonnes de sol. Les résultats expérimentaux concernant un traceur de l'écoulement (Cl-) et le PCP ont été confrontés à une modélisation mathématique pour vérifier les hypothèses émises. Les mécanismes prépondérants que nous avons identifiés sont : le transport convectif, qui varie avec la nature, le degré d'humidité de la matrice solide poreuse et les vitesses d'écoulement de l'eau; les interactions physico-chimiques, qui dépendent du pH et du taux de matière organique; la biodégradation, régulée par de nombreux facteurs biotiques comme la distribution microscopique des microorganismes, les phénomènes d'adaptation ainsi que par la dynamique des populations introduites (prédation et compétition); le transport particulaire qui dépend des variations de composition et de force ionique de la solution du sol et qui peut être très important dans les sols lessivés en cas de forts épisodes pluvieux. Ce dernier mécanisme n'a pas été modélisé.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In the last decade the internet has become a tool present in the daily lives of people and organizations and time essential to the smooth operation of businesses. With the increasing development of infrastructure networks and popularization mass of highspeed network, emerges a related Internet use advance making it a global platform to make intelligent machines and objects able to communicate up autonomously. This possibility enables content and services are around people, always available, facilitating communication and paving the way for new applications, enabling new forms of work, interaction and entertainment, making a new pattern of living and working is developed. This new standard is made possible through advances in Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs to a new design set to Internet of Things - IoT. However, with a varied collection of data and information for various purposes, in the daily lives of people and organizations, autonomous data collection and information makes privacy a major challenge regarding the IoT. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the aspects that determine the action of Internet technology users of Things to supply personal information in intelligent environments. The research was characterized as positivist, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, its implementation took place through field research strategy, with the data collection instrument a self-administered questionnaire, which was available to respondents in Brazil. It was adopted in the analysis of data collected quantitative line based on statistical techniques, in which we attempted to cross the data in order to achieve the objective of the research. Among the main conclusions from the research, it intuited that the use of environment is a determining aspect to providing information to the intelligent environment of greater influence among other aspects found. It was noticed that users tend to devote considerable attention to security and privacy of information we have, providing them with qualifications and care. However sometimes transfer responsibility for security of the information to third parties seeking to reduce the maximum number of criteria to be considered before making the decision to make available their data.
Na ultima década a internet tornou-se uma ferramenta presente no cotidiano das pessoas e das organizações e por vez indispensável ao bom funcionamento dos negócios. Com o crescente incremento das infraestruturas de redes e popularização em massa da rede de alta velocidade, emerge um avanço relacionado à utilização da internet tornando-a uma plataforma global para deixar máquinas e objetos inteligentes capazes de comunicarem-se de forma autônoma. Esta possibilidade permite que conteúdos e serviços estejam em torno das pessoas, sempre disponíveis, facilitando a comunicação e abrindo o caminho para novas aplicações, possibilitando novas formas de trabalho, de interação e de entretenimento, fazendo com que um novo padrão de vida e de trabalho seja desenvolvido. Este novo padrão torna-se possível através dos avanços das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação - TIC’s até uma nova concepção definida como Internet of Things - IoT. Entretanto, com uma variada coleta de dados e informações, para variados fins, no cotidiano das pessoas e das organizações, a coleta autônoma dos dados e das informações torna a privacidade um dos principais desafios em relação à IoT. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa objetivou investigar os aspectos que determinam a ação dos usuários de tecnologias da Internet das Coisas ao fornecerem informações pessoais em ambientes inteligentes. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como positivista, de natureza quantitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva, sua implementação aconteceu por meio da estratégia de pesquisa de campo, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário autoaplicável, que foi disponibilizado para respondentes em território brasileiro. Adotou-se na análise dos dados coletados uma linha quantitativa baseada em técnicas estatísticas, em que buscou-se cruzar os dados a fim de alcançar o objetivo da pesquisa. Dentre as principais conclusões decorrentes da pesquisa, intuiu-se que o ambiente de uso se configura como um aspecto determinante ao fornecimento de informação ao ambiente inteligente de maior influência entre os outros aspectos encontrados. Foi percebido que os usuários tendem a dedicar considerável atenção a segurança e a privacidade das informações que possuem, disponibilizando-as com ressalvas e cuidados. Contudo por vezes, transferem a responsabilidade pela segurança das informações para terceiros, buscando reduzir ao máximo o número de critérios a serem analisados antes de tomar a decisão de disponibilizar seus dados.
São Cristóvão, SE

Orientador: Bastiaan Philip Reydon
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T12:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_RafaelKellermann_M.pdf: 6398196 bytes, checksum: 4d151dd88acefe9fe677c69579b30321 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A dissertação utiliza dados patentários para discutir as principais características e determinantes da eco-inovação na Universidade Estadual de Campinas. A definição de eco-inonvação se baseia no conceito neo-shumpeteriano de progresso técnico e no debate econômico ecológico sobre o papel da tecnologia na construção do desenvolvimento sustentável. A revisão teórica a respeito deste tema indica que a tecnologia tem função essencial na construção do estado estacionário à medida que permite ao sistema econômico elevar a provisão de serviços mantendo estável o volume de matéria e energia consumido. Contudo, o uso das tecnologias deve observar a existência de limites ecossistêmicos. Limites esses que tem influenciado a dinâmica de geração de inovações através de sua ação sobre o ambiente seletivo, direcionando os agentes que integram o sistema nacional de inovação para a geração e adoção de soluções ambientalmente amigáveis. Sendo a universidade um desses agentes, foram usadas patentes para identificar se esta também está sujeita às mesmas influências. A análise descritiva das patentes depositadas pela Unicamp indica que a dinâmica inovativa da mesma guarda semelhanças e diferenças em relação às demais instituições. Mudanças institucionais/legais podem elevar a atividade patentária da universidade bem como a interação entre essa e as empresas privadas. Todavia, as pressões seletivas a que está sujeita a universidade geram respostas diferentes das observadas para a inovação em geral. Predominam as eco-tecnologias de processo em relação às de produto e tecnologias mais limpas sobre fim-de-tubo (end-of-pipe). Em relação às demais patentes desta universidade, as eco-patentes são mais licenciadas e tem maior proporção de parcerias, principalmente com instituições privadas. Além dessas conclusões pode-se extrair deste trabalho uma revisão teórica a respeito do uso de patentes e eco-patentes por universidades; uma proposta de classificação das mesmas que considera alguns preceitos econômico ecológicos; e uma breve descrição das percepção de alguns inventores da Unicamp a respeito da dinâmica eco-inovativa
Abstract: This work uses patent data to discuss State University of Campinas eco-innovation features and determinants. Eco-Innovation definition is based on technological progress neo-shumpterian concept and ecological economics debate concerning technology role on the sustainable development construction. Theoretical review indicates that technology is an essential aspect of steady-state economy construction as it allows service provision growth with constant matter and energy consumption. However, technology use must consider ecosystem limits. This limits has influenced innovation generation dynamics through its effect on selective environment, driving national innovation system agents towards environmentally friendly solution generation and adoption. Considering University one of its agents, patent data is used to identify if it is under the same sort of influence. Unicamp's patent descriptive analysis show's that it has both similarities and differences comparing to other institutions as private companies. Institutional and legal changes are able to increase university patent activities as its private firms interactions. Nevertheless, selective pressures impulse in university innovation creates different effects. They are predominantly eco-innovation product instead of process and cleaner technology instead of end-of-pipe. Compared to the others patent within the university, eco-innovations are more transferred and has larger share of collaborative initiatives, especially with private institutions. Beyond this conclusions this work provides a theoretical review concerning university patent and eco-patent use, as well as a classification standard's proposition witch attain economic ecological aspects and a brief description of Unicamp's inventors perception on eco-innovation dynamics
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fs_me_rcla.pdf: 1139616 bytes, checksum: 11e3e771b063d1761e5218da48b13fbc (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Entre os biomas mais devastados do mundo está a Mata Atlântica, de sua área original restam apenas 7,9%, o Estado de São Paulo abriga a maior parte contínua desses remanescentes. A necessidade de preservação desses remanescentes é clara para todos, porém a avaliação dos desempenhos das Unidades de Conservação criadas com essa incumbência não é tão transparente. A inexistência de padrões que nivelem seus desempenhos e suas estruturas impede a conclusão acerca de qual Unidade poderia melhorar ou qual Parque é exemplar em toda sua atuação. Para que possamos preservar de modo apropriado é necessário antes conhecer o que se deve preservar. Para determinar a efetividade e o desempenho de uma Unidade de Conservação, deve-se analisar o cumprimento de seu propósito de funcionamento, que é condição para sua existência como tal. É preciso observar como se dá a preservação do meio ambiente, tornando possível a manutenção, a recuperação, a preservação e a sobrevivência da biota em questão, garantindo condições para a melhoria da qualidade de vida humana e ambiental
Among the world's most devastated biomes is the Atlantic Forest, only remain 7.9% of its original area, the State of São Paulo holds the larger continuous part of the remnants. The need for environmental preservation is clear to everyone, but the evaluation of performance of the units is not so transparent, the lack of standards that leveled structures and performances prevent the conclusion about which unit could improve, or which have a exemplary performance between the parks. To be able of preserve with an appropriate mode is required before meet which must be preserved. Determining the effectiveness or the performance of a conservation area, is needed to concern about the regarding the fulfillment of its purpose and the operating condition for their existence as a protected area, preserving the environment making possible its maintenance, restoration, conservation and survival of the biota in question, ensuring conditions for improving the quality of human life and to the environment

This thesis examines how the construction of news stories reveals relationships among groups of stakeholders and how their views unfold within environmental conflict coverage. This study uses a content analysis of 161 newspaper articles concerning the sea lion and salmon controversy at the Bonneville Dam, focusing on source use and blame and solution frames in environmental conflict coverage. This analysis of articles published between January 2003 and June 2010 in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, California, and Montana contributes to research concerning journalistic norms (i.e., balance and objectivity) and news production routines, specifically within the field of environmental reporting. The findings indicate governmental sources were most frequently quoted and presented the most successful solution frames; while advocacy/non-profit sources were quoted less frequently (in addition to tribal sources) and presented the most blame and failed solution frames. Additionally, this research reflects on the role of news filters, including journalistic norms and legal issues, and explores the relationship between blame frames and failed solution frames, which is perhaps a reflection of the role of spokespeople and media jargon.

Durante as últimas cinco décadas um grande número de pessoas desempregadas tem encontrado na catação de materiais recicláveis uma forma de sobrevivência. Apesar do preconceito e da baixa valorização do trabalho dos Catadores por parte da sociedade, eles vem se organizando em Cooperativas e Associações visando melhores condições de vida e de trabalho. Em tais organizações eles vem se engajando em diversos projetos de reciclagem em parceria com administrações locais. O presente trabalho identifica e analisa duas associações de Catadores de materiais recicláveis, a Associação dos Recicladores de Pinhais – AREPI e a Associação dos Trabalhadores de Reciclagem de Resíduos de Colombo – RESOL, pertencentes a região metropolitana de Curitiba. O objetivo é analisar a gestão administrativa quanto ao desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental desses empreendimentos. A pesquisa qualitativa foi utilizada como metodologia do presente estudo e engloba a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as presidentes das associações, aplicação de questionários a todos os associados, observação durante dois anos e meio e diário de campo. O levantamento dos dados a partir dos questionários e entrevistas gerou informações que serviram de base para a análise da gestão administrativa dos empreendimentos. Foi possível constatar que as associações possuem condições semelhantes caracterizadas pela: inclusão social; geração de trabalho; conservação ambiental oriunda da reciclagem dos resíduos sólidos; legislação voltada à defesa dos direitos dos Catadores; Fórum Lixo e Cidadania e políticas públicas de apoio aos Catadores, que propiciaram o aumento da renda dos associados em 131%, a partir da vinda dos novos caminhões doados pela FBB e FUNASA. Além disso, a questão gênero é um fator preponderante, aonde 93% dos associados são mulheres. Este estudo permitiu concluir que existe a necessidade da adoção de um plano estratégico de negócios pelas associações, que garanta o desenvolvimento sustentável, mediante a concorrência no segmento da reciclagem. A partir do novo cenário estabelecido pela Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, o fortalecimento da infraestrutura e a comercialização dos materiais recicláveis em rede contribuirão para o processo do desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade dos empreendimentos de Catadores.
During the past five decades a large number of unemployed people has found in the activity of collecting recyclable waste a way to survive. Despite the low appreciation of the “Catadores” work by society, they have been organizing themselves into cooperatives and associations to obtain better conditions of life and work. In such organizations they have been taking part of several recycling projects together with local administrations. This work identifies and analyzes two associations of “Catadores” of recyclable waste, the Associação dos Recicladores de Pinhais – AREPI and the Associação dos Trabalhadores de Reciclagem de Resíduos de Colombo – RESOL, located in the metropolitan region of Curitiba - PR. The objective is to analyze the administrative management related to the development of the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of these enterprises. The qualitative research was adopted as the methodology of this study and included semi-structured interviews with the presidents of the associations, questionnaires to all members, two years and a half of observations and notes. The data obtained from the interviews and questionnaires produced information that enabled the analysis of their administrative managements. It was possible to conclude that the enterprises present some similar features characterized by: social inclusion; creation of jobs; environmental preservation due to solid waste recycling; defense of the “Catadores” rights by laws; Forum Lixo e Cidadania and public policies to support the “Catadores”, which has provided an increase in the income of the associated “Catadores” of 131%, since the arrival of new trucks donated by FBB and FUNASA. Moreover, the gender issue is a major factor where 93% of the members are women. This study concluded that the associations need to adopt a business strategic planning to ensure sustainable development in face of the competitive recycling sector. In front of the new scenario established by the National Solid Waste Policy, the strengthening of the infrastructure and the recycling network will contribute to the process of developing the sustainability of the “Catadores” associations.

On peut affirmer que les grands barrages sont les structures les plus controversées construites par l’être humain. Leur nature controversée provient en particulier de l’impact important qu’elles ont sur les communautés environnantes (1. 3 million de personnes ont dû être relogées pour la construction du barrage des Trois Gorges en Chine), et sur l’environnement (de nombreux grands barrages ont conduit à l’inondation de plusieurs centaines de kilomètres carrés de terre). Cette thèse ne traite néanmoins le cas des barrages qu’en tant qu’exemple d’un problème plus grand : l’incohérence des politiques. Etant donné qu’une grande partie des sommes considérables nécessaires à la construction des barrages dans les pays en voie de développement vient toujours des ressources publiques des pays membres de l’OCDE, cette thèse pose la question de savoir si les systèmes de sécurité sociaux et environnementaux sont appliqués avec le même degré de rigueur par tous les types d’institutions financières publiques (IFPs, acronyme de l’auteur), financées totalement ou en majorité par l’argent public des pays membres de l’OCDE. En d’autre termes, cette thèse n’utilise les barrages qu’en tant qu’illustration particulièrement dramatique de l’impact que les projets de grandes infrastructures peuvent avoir et par conséquent, comme un cas particulièrement parlant permettant de comparer la manière dont les institutions financières abordent un tel impact dans leur travail
Public Financial Institutions (PFIs, author’s acronym) provide vital public investment investment for developing countries, while acting as an important ‘catalyst’ for private investment. This in turn contributes to broader growth and poverty reduction goals. Lack of coherence in actions of these PFIs could hamper these objectives. This thesis hopes to contribute to the coherence debate by comparing the stringency of safeguards applied by two different types of public financing institutions (PFIs, author’s acronym) in the building of large dams in developing countries. These are multilateral PFIs on the one hand; and OECD-country bilateral PFIs, consisting of Export Credit Agencies and national development financing institutions, on the other hand. The thesis compares the safeguards stringency of these two types of PFI firstly at the institutional level, by comparing the safeguards in place in a range of PFIs of each type; and secondly at the project level, by comparing the application of safeguards in dam projects financed by a range of PFIs of each type. The thesis finds substantive evidence that multilateral PFIs have more stringent safeguard policies on dams in place than bilateral PFIs. The final part of the thesis thus attempts to provide explanations for this finding. It argues that the most important among these are the more highly developed co-ordination mechanisms among multilateral PFIs compared to bilateral PFIs; diverging interest group pressure on both types of PFIs; and the different mandates of multilateral versus bilateral PFIs. Key points for the research agenda following from this thesis include to develop concrete steps to remedy this polic

Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_SilvanaCristinaPereiraMunizde_D.pdf: 1575660 bytes, checksum: 98a9f7bfb573c6e75828a881cb9c32dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O banco de sementes da comunidade, a estrutura e a dinâmica populacional de espécies de diferentes grupos ecológicos, definidos de acordo com a tolerância à sombra, foram avaliados em um trecho de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana. Os objetivos do estudo foram investigar a dinâmica, composição e as características das espécies presentes no banco de sementes; descrever a estrutura e a dinâmica populacional das seguintes espécies arbóreas: i) três colonizadoras de bordas e clareiras - Alseis floribunda, Bathysa australis e Rapanea hermogenesii; iii) três típicas de dossel - Chrysophyllum viride, Quiina glaziovii e Tetrastylidium grandifolium; iii) seis típicas de subosque - Eugenia cuprea, Garcinia gardneriana, Guapira opposita, Handroanthus serratifolius, Inga marginata e Rudgea jasminoides. A área de estudo localiza-se no interior de uma parcela permanente de 10 ha, subdividida em 256 sub-parcelas de 20 x 20 m, instalada no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho (24°00¿ a 24°15¿S, 47°45¿ a 48°10¿W), município de Sete Barras, São Paulo. Foram sorteadas 25 sub-parcelas, em cada uma das quais foram coletadas três amostras de solo de 0,25 x 0,25 m, com 0,05 m de profundidade, em março e setembro de 2004 e 2005. As amostras foram incubadas por seis meses, em casa de vegetação sob 70% da luminosidade total. Nas subparcelas sorteadas todos os indivíduos das espécies escolhidas, com altura > 3 cm, foram etiquetados e tiveram registrados a altura e o diâmetro do caule no nível do solo (DAS), em 2004 e 2005. Analisou-se a distribuição dos indivíduos em classes de DAS e altura e calculou-se: coeficiente de Gini, mortalidade, recrutamento e crescimento. Do banco, germinaram 3.204 sementes (170,9 ± 42,6 sem.m-2), de 93 espécies. Dentre as espécies árboreas germinadas, 21 (97,0% do total de sementes germinadas) são intolerantes à sombra e 13 (3,0% do total de sementes germinadas) são tolerantes. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que as espécies arbustivas e arbóreas do banco de sementes desta formação florestal são, predominantemente, intolerantes à sombra e zoocóricas. Em relação às estruturas de tamanho, mais de 60% de todos os indivíduos concentraram-se na classe de menor tamanho e todas as espécies apresentaram valores de Coeficiente de Gini superiores a 0,49, indicando baixa equabilidade de tamanhos (alta hierarquia). Apenas duas espécies apresentaram incremento populacional no período, ambas de subosque - Inga marginata (0,04) e Rudgea jasminoides (0,05) e os maiores descréscimos foram de Chrysophyllum viride (-0,17) e Tetrastylidium grandifolium (-0,12), devido a altas taxas de mortalidade e baixo recrutamento. O crescimento em altura e diâmetro não diferiu entre os grupos ecológicos. No entanto, foi observada uma tendência de maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro com o aumento da classe de tamanho para todas as espécies. Portanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação direta entre a estrutura de tamanho e tolerância à sombra para as populações estudadas e os descritores de dinâmica utilizados. Mortalidade, recrutamento e crescimento não indicaram diferenças entre os grupos ecológicos que justifiquem a separação das espécies realizada a priori, reforçando a idéia que os agrupamentos de espécies mascaram diferenças inter e intra-específicas
Abstract: The community seed bank, the structure and population dynamics of species belonging to different ecological groups, defined according to their shade tolerance, were evaluated on a stand of Submontane Ombrophilous Dense Forest. The aims of this study were to investigate the dynamics, composition and characteristics of the species present in the seed bank; to describe the structure and the population dynamics of the following tree species: i) three edge and gap colonizers - Alseis floribunda, Bathysa australis, Rapanea hermogenesii; ii) three typical of the canopy - Chrysophyllum viride, Quiina glaziovii and Tetrastylidium grandifolium; iii) six typical of the understory - Eugenia cuprea, Garcinia gardneriana, Guapira opposita, Handroanthus serratifolius, Inga marginata and Rudgea jasminoides. The studied area is located within a 10 ha permanent plot, subdivided into 256 20 X 20 m sub-plots, installed in the Carlos Botelho State Park 24°00¿ a 24°15¿S, 47°45¿ a 48°10¿W), Sete Barras municipality, São Paulo state. Twenty-five sub-plots were randomly selected, and in each of these sub-plots three 0.25 X 0.25m soil samples, 0.05 m deep, were collected, in March and September 2004 and 2005. Those samples were incubated for six months, in a green house, under 70% of total light. In the selected subplots all individuals of the chosen species that were _ 3 cm in height, were tagged and measured for their height and trunk diameter at ground level (DGL), in both years. Distribution of individuals among DGL and height classes was analyzed and Gini coefficient (G), mortality, recruitment and growth rate were calculated. 3,204 seeds from the seed bank germinated (170,9 ± 42,6 seeds.m-2), of 93 species. From the tree species that germinated, 21 (97% of the total germinated seeds) are shade intolerant and 13 (3% of the total germinated seeds) are shade tolerant. The results confirm the hypothesis that shrub and tree species that form seed bank in this specific type of forest are predominantly shade intolerant and zoocoric. Concerning size structures, more than 60% of all individuals were concentrated in the smallest size class and all species presented Gini Coefficient higher than 0.49, indicating low size evenness (high hierarchy). Only two species showed population increment in the period, both from the understory, Inga marginata (0.04) and Rudgea jasminoides (0.05) and the most expressive decrease were found in Chrysophyllum viride (-0.17) e Tetrastylidium grandifolium (-0.12), due to high mortality rate and low recruitment. Height and diameter growth did not differ among the ecological groups. However, it was observed a tendency for an increased height and diameter growth related to increase in the size class for all species. Hence, it was not possible to establish a direct relation between size structure and shade tolerance for the studied populations and the dynamics descriptors used. Mortality, recruitment and growth, did not indicate differences among the ecological groups that justify the division of species done a priori, reinforcing the idea that species grouping conceal inter and intra-specific differences
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

Orientador: Adler Guilherme Viadana
Banca: Fadel David Antônio Tuma Filho
Banca: Ailton Luchiari
Resumo: Entre os biomas mais devastados do mundo está a Mata Atlântica, de sua área original restam apenas 7,9%, o Estado de São Paulo abriga a maior parte contínua desses remanescentes. A necessidade de preservação desses remanescentes é clara para todos, porém a avaliação dos desempenhos das Unidades de Conservação criadas com essa incumbência não é tão transparente. A inexistência de padrões que nivelem seus desempenhos e suas estruturas impede a conclusão acerca de qual Unidade poderia melhorar ou qual Parque é exemplar em toda sua atuação. Para que possamos preservar de modo apropriado é necessário antes conhecer o que se deve preservar. Para determinar a efetividade e o desempenho de uma Unidade de Conservação, deve-se analisar o cumprimento de seu propósito de funcionamento, que é condição para sua existência como tal. É preciso observar como se dá a preservação do meio ambiente, tornando possível a manutenção, a recuperação, a preservação e a sobrevivência da biota em questão, garantindo condições para a melhoria da qualidade de vida humana e ambiental
Abstract: Among the world's most devastated biomes is the Atlantic Forest, only remain 7.9% of its original area, the State of São Paulo holds the larger continuous part of the remnants. The need for environmental preservation is clear to everyone, but the evaluation of performance of the units is not so transparent, the lack of standards that leveled structures and performances prevent the conclusion about which unit could improve, or which have a exemplary performance between the parks. To be able of preserve with an appropriate mode is required before meet which must be preserved. Determining the effectiveness or the performance of a conservation area, is needed to concern about the regarding the fulfillment of its purpose and the operating condition for their existence as a protected area, preserving the environment making possible its maintenance, restoration, conservation and survival of the biota in question, ensuring conditions for improving the quality of human life and to the environment
Mestre

O projeto de dissertação tem como tema central a sustentabilidade, assunto que está cada vez mais em evidência devido à crise socioambiental vivida pela sociedade contemporânea. Analisar o nível de desenvolvimento das práticas relacionadas com as dimensões da sustentabilidade (ecológica, social, econômica e cultural) presentes nas ecovilas é o seu objetivo principal. A pesquisa é exploratória utiliza método bibliográfico para a contextualização teórica e para o embasamento empírico faz uso de levantamento de dados por amostragem (survey) com a aplicação de questionário on-line a representantes de (50) cinquenta ecovilas originárias da América Latina, a qual resultou em (9) nove respostas efetivas, das quais foram selecionadas 2 (duas) ecovilas para a realização das visitas de campo. Visa à investigação da forma como os moradores das ecovilas se relacionam entre si, com a natureza e quais tecnologias utilizam. Entre os resultados encontrados, ressalta-se o mapeamento das principais práticas, além do nível de desenvolvimento destas de acordo com a percepção dos respondentes e da observação realizada em campo. Finalmente destaca-se que os resultados encontrados na pesquisa podem auxiliar no aprimoramento de comunidades já existentes e no planejamento de novas iniciativas.
The dissertation project is focused on sustainability, an issue that is increasingly evident due to the environmental crisis in contemporary society. Analyze the level of development of practices related to the dimensions of sustainability (ecological, social, economic and cultural) present in the ecovillage is your main goal. The research is exploratory uses literature method for the theoretical context and the empirical support makes use of data sample survey by applying online questionnaire to representatives of (50) fifty ecovillages from Latin America, which resulted in (9) nine effective responses, of which were selected two (2) ecovillages to carry out the field trip. Visa to the investigation of how the residents of the ecovillage relate to each other, with nature and which technologies they use. Among the results, we emphasize the mapping of the main practices, and the development level of these according to the perception of the respondents and observation performed in the field. Finally, we highlight that the results found in the research may help in the improvement of existing communities and planning new initiatives.

Dam removals are becoming increasingly common as dams reach their life expectancy and face costly upgrades associated with relicensing. Though removal is often viewed as a success in terms of ecological restoration, it also represents a major disturbance to an area. Previous research has shown that native species do not survive as well at these disturbed sites, and invasive species often dominate. This study examines the vegetation response in the drained reservoir area after the removal of Hemlock Dam on Trout Creek, a tributary to the Wind River in southern Washington. Transects were established and quadrats were sampled to determine the plant classifications and cover of vegetation and to examine possible correlations between environmental variables and the spatial distribution of plant classification groups. Sampling took place in the third and fourth years following dam removal, and the data was analyzed to determine significant changes and relationships. The results of this study showed that the site was dominated by a volunteer native forb Lotus purshianus (Spanish clover) and a planted native tree Alnus rubra (red alder). Most of the other species found were native volunteer forbs and grasses characteristic of early succession in this region. Both invasive species and planted species, with the exception of Alnus rubra, had low canopy covers. There was a significant increase in native plant canopy cover, as well as total canopy cover, from 2012 to 2013. There were also significant relationships between plant classification groups and environmental variables, including soil infiltration, elevation, and distance from stream. This study will help inform resource managers about the kinds of plants that will volunteer after dam removals and the possible success of re-vegetation projects.

L'analyse multivariée des données chez 7138 sujets a montré que l'âge, dans tous les cas, prévenirle contact des mouches avec les aliments, chez les éleveurs, le nombre de chiens par famille, résider dans le Comté de Ganzi et posséder des peaux de renards, chez les agriculteurs, le sexe féminin, l'habitude de jouer avec les chiens et de boire de l'eau des ruisseaux, chez les urbains, étaient des facteurs de risque. Par des questionnaires sur les pratiques d'élevage, des transects pour détecter les indices de présence de petits mammifères et mesurer les surfaces encloses, et la recherche du parasite dansles fèces des chiens, l'hypothèse de travail a été confirmée: le surpâturage des communaux était significativement associé à la surface des pâtures encloses ainsi qu'aux densités élevées de petits mammifères dans les communaux, elles-mêmes corrélées au niveau d'infection des chiens, susceptible d'expliquer les hautes prévalences de la maladie dans ces communautés pastoralesTibétaines

Orientador: Bastiaan Philip Reydon
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GoulartJunior_Rogerio_D.pdf: 7868785 bytes, checksum: 5ddd30b00268e9a42ebac76768c51e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: No Brasil a gestão das águas avançou após a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a criação da Lei Federal 9.433 de 1997 com a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH). A legislação brasileira prevê a descentralização da gestão das águas em Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica com suas Agências de Águas junto aos Conselhos de Recursos Hídricos nas escalas federal e dos Estados. Assim, a questão principal deste trabalho se refere a responder por que, apesar de haver uma legislação de águas que determina que os valores arrecadados devam ser aplicados na bacia hidrográfica sendo utilizados no financiamento de estudos, programas, projetos e obras que alterem, de modo considerado benéfico à coletividade, a qualidade, a quantidade e o regime de vazão de um corpo de água, isto não tem ocorrido seguindo as metas dos programas de investimentos acordados nos Planos de Recursos Hídricos das Bacias. Neste trabalho de pesquisa, a demonstração é de que na aplicação dos recursos financeiros os arranjos políticos-institucionais definem critérios que priorizam projetos de investimento a partir de uma maior ênfase em aspectos de eficiência econômica do que aspectos ecológicos e socioambientais previstos na legislação de águas (Lei 9.433/97 e Constituição de 1988). No primeiro capítulo é apresentado um histórico sobre o controle e regulação das estruturas da gestão das águas no mundo. É feita uma revisão teórica das escolas da economia ambiental e institucionalista com a discussão da economia ecológica sobre as políticas ambientais e seus instrumentos. E, são destacados os aspectos legais das escalas de decisão política sobre a gestão das águas no Brasil e as políticas territoriais da água que determinam ou não a justiça ecológica e socioeconômica. No segundo capítulo é proposto um estudo de casos nos comitês das bacias do PBS e do PCJ sobre as aplicações dos mecanismos jurídico-institucionais aos usos múltiplos dos corpos d¿água, o diagnóstico das bacias estudadas, as políticas e financiamentos presentes no planejamento e gestão da água e a análise das demandas. No terceiro capítulo é proposta a pesquisa nos comitês das bacias do PCJ e do PBS sobre os projetos contemplados com recursos de demanda induzida e espontânea, as prioridades nas aplicações destes recursos e quais são os beneficiários preponderantes para a gestão da água, e os critérios para distribuição dos recursos; e ainda, são avaliados os mecanismos de distribuição da gestão das águas com a análise das formas de distribuição dos recursos nas bacias a partir de aspectos ecológicos e socioambientais
Abstract: Water management in Brazil has advanced since the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the creation of Federal Law 9.433 (1997) with its National Water Resources Policy (PNRH). Brazilian legislation encourages the decentralization of water management in the Hydrographic Basin Committees and their Water Agencies together with the Water Resources Councils at the state and federal levels. Moreover, the water legislation stipulates that the income collected should be applied within the water basin and used to finance studies, programs, projects and infrastructure that change, in a manner considered beneficial to the community, the quality, quantity and flow regime of a waterbody. In this context, the main issue addressed in this research relates to why, despite these stipulations, these requirements have not been implementedin accordance with the goals of the investment programs laid out in the Water Resources Planning documents. This research demonstrates that the political-institutional arrangements define criteria that prioritize investment projects based on placing greater emphasis on aspects of economic efficiency rather than prioritizing ecological and socio-environmental factors, as stipulated in the water legislation (Law 9.433/97 and 1988 Constitution), in the allocation of financial resources. In the first chapter of this thesis a historical perspective of the control and regulation of water management structures around the world is presented. A theoretical review of the environmental and institutional economics, together with a discussion on the ecological economics related to environmental policy and its instruments, is presented. The legal aspects associated with the levels of political decision making on water management in Brazil and the regional water policies that determine whether or not there is ecological and socio-economic justice are highlighted. The second chapter proposes a case study, carried out in the basin committees of the PBS and PCJ, on the application of legal and institutional mechanisms to the multiple uses of water bodies, the diagnosis of the basins studied, the policies and financing associated with water planning and management and an analysis of the requirements. In the third chapter, research in the basin committees of the PCJ and PBS on projects carried out with resources from "induced demand" and "spontaneous demand", the priorities for the application of these resources, the evaluation of the main beneficiaries of water management and the criteria for the distribution of resources is proposed. Also, the water management distribution mechanisms are evaluated along with the criteria for the prioritization of investment projects and an analysis of the distribution of resources in the basins based on ecological and socio-environmental aspects is carried out
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

O tema central deste estudo refere-se à Construção Sustentável sob a ótica da preservação dos recursos naturais, perpassando pelos temas do papel da Construção Civil como agente transformador e regenerativo de seus impactos ecológicos na sociedade. Apesar dos já identificados limites planetários, no Brasil, a forma de entender a construção civil como agente de transformação social e econômica ainda não é favorável à manutenção do equilíbrio da natureza. Com características diferenciadas, o país apresenta prioridades de ação sobre o saneamento, a água, a exploração das florestas e a produção de alimentos que devem ser incorporadas em suas estratégias. Apesar do termo “construção sustentável” referir-se à preocupação ambiental no setor, a base comum do debate ainda é iniciante. Assim, objetivou-se analisar documentos publicados sobre as linhas prioritárias dos debates entre os agentes representativos do setor da construção civil brasileira para examinar os enfoques da Sustentabilidade Ecológica como base de sustentação para a vida no Planeta. Foram consideradas as contribuições das políticas públicas de “construção sustentável” para estimular a cadeia produtiva para ampliar a sustentabilidade. Acredita-se que este estudo pode promover uma análise da importância da Sustentabilidade Ecológica na “construção sustentável” por meio de produção de inovações, saberes e conhecimentos. A metodologia do estudo tem uma abordagem qualitativa, de natureza teórico-conceitual tendo como objeto de análise documentos públicos e privados. Identificou-se convergências e divergências nos debates relevantes para introduzir avanços na discussão. O conteúdo identificado nos documentos limita-se à importância da construção civil no desenvolvimento urbano e ao suprimento do consequente déficit habitacional sem referência aos grupos privilegiados, a exemplo do declarado na Agenda 21 para a construção sustentável em países em desenvolvimento. Quando se referem às ações alinhadas com o desenvolvimento sustentável, os textos abstêm-se de referências ao tema da inclusão social na habitação. As particularidades dos três documentos apresentam-se como verdadeiras e pertinentes para o setor da construção civil. Considerando o conteúdo dos documentos, as empresas que cuidarem da água, energia e do meio ambiente, podem ser mais competitivas e melhorar a sua produtividade e rentabilidade. Concluiu-se que os documentos são iniciativas de reflexões sobre o tema da Sustentabilidade Ecológica e fornecem orientações para o equilíbrio do desenvolvimento sustentável, o que pode ser alcançado mediante os princípios da economia circular aplicada à Construção Sustentável. Como sugestões para trabalhos futuros, esta Tese destacou a importância da economia circular como uma alternativa para aliar os interesses do desenvolvimento econômico e o desenvolvimento sustentável por meio da Construção Sustentável.
The central theme of this study refers to Sustainable Construction from the perspective of Ecological Sustainability, passing by themes of the role of Civil Construction as a transforming and regenerative agent of their ecological impacts in society. It is perceived a conflict between Ecological Sustainability and Sustainable Development due the later suggest economic growth with care for environment and social issues. Despite already identified planetary boundaries, in Brazil, the way to understand the Civil Construction as social and economic transformation agent is still not in favor of maintaining the nature balance. With different characteristics, the country presents action priorities on sanitation, water, forest exploration and food production that should be incorporated into their strategies. Although the term "sustainable construction" refer to environmental concern in the sector, the common basis of debate is still beginner. The objective was to analyze published documents on priority lines of discussions among representative agents of Brazilian Civil Construction sector to examine the focus of Ecological Sustainability as a support basis for life on the planet. It were considered contributions from public policies of "sustainable construction" to stimulate the production chain to increase sustainability. It is believed that this study can promote an analysis of the importance of ecological sustainability in "sustainable construction" through production of innovation, knowledge and expertise. The study methodology has a qualitative approach, theoretical and conceptual nature having as object of analysis public and private documents. It was identified convergences and divergences in debates relevant to introduce advances in the discussion. The content identified in documents is limited to the importance of civil construction in urban development and to supply resulting habitation shortage without reference to privileged groups, such as stated in Agenda 21 for sustainable development in developing countries. When referring to actions aligned with sustainable development, the texts abstain of references to the issue of social inclusion in habitation. The particularities of the three documents are presented as true and relevant to the construction sector. Considering documents content, companies that take care of water, energy and the environment, can be more competitive and improve their productivity and profitability. It was concluded that the documents are initiatives of reflections on the theme of Ecological Sustainability and provide guidance for the balance of sustainable development, which can be achieved by the principles of circular economy applied to Sustainable Construction. As suggestions for future works, this thesis emphasized the importance of circular economy as an alternative to align interests of economic development and sustainable development through Sustainable Construction.

Orientador: Fábio Luiz Mialhe
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T05:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_JaniceSimpsonde_M.pdf: 1969283 bytes, checksum: aaac5bdcd96aaabe9c3b380db0c6642d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Considerando o crescente interesse pelas percepções subjetivas do indivíduo em relação à sua saúde bucal e qualidade de vida, o presente trabalho, teve como objetivo geral avaliar o impacto das percepções subjetivas e condições socioambientais no auto-relato de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) em escolares. Para tal, foram desenvolvidas três análises baseadas em um estudo epidemiológico observacional do tipo transversal que apresentou os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1. Investigar, por meio de um inquérito epidemiológico, a existência de associações entre a variável desfecho QVRSB e as variáveis preditoras saúde bucal, nível socioeconômico, ambiente familiar, percepções subjetivas dos escolares e dos seus pais sobre sua saúde geral e bucal; 2. Testar associações entre as condições clínicas e socioambientais e a variável desfecho (QVRSB) de acordo com os domínios do instrumento usado para este fim (Child Perceptions Questionnaires - CPQ11-14); 3. Avaliar a existência de associações entre a percepção dos pais sobre a saúde bucal e geral de seus filhos, as condições de saúde bucal e a QVRSB em escolares. Para o estudo 1, a amostra foi composta de 515 escolares de 12 anos de idade, provenientes de escola públicas e particulares do município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, mediante processo amostral por conglomerado. Para os estudos 2 e 3, uma subamostra de 283 escolares foi utilizada. Foram coletados dados clínicos relativos à presença de cárie, trauma dentário, sangramento gengival, defeitos do desenvolvimento do esmalte, necessidade de tratamento e má oclusão. Para isto, foram utilizados os seguintes índices: CPOD, ceod, SiC, índice modificado de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte (DDE) e índice de estética dental (DAI). Informações relativas a QVRSB nos escolares foram obtidas por meio da aplicação da versão brasileira do questionário CPQ11-14. Os escolares também responderam as questões referentes ao ambiente familiar e as percepções sobre sua saúde bucal e geral. Aos pais foi enviado um questionário com a finalidade de avaliar as percepções dos mesmos em relação à saúde bucal e geral de seus filhos, além de questões sobre o nível socioeconômico. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson. Também foram utilizados testes não paramétricos. Em relação ao estudo 1, controlando variáveis confundidoras, observou-se que as variáveis percepção da criança sobre sua saúde bucal ruim, renda familiar menor que três salários, gênero feminino, necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico, mãe com até 8 anos de escolaridade, até 2 irmãos e aglomeração por domicílio maior que uma pessoa por cômodo apresentaram impacto negativo em sua auto-percepção relacionada à QVRSB (p<0,05). Para o estudo 2, verificou-se que o gênero da criança, renda e escolaridade da mãe foram estatisticamente associados com os quatro domínios do CPQ11-14, assim como a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foi fortemente associada com o domínio 'limitações funcionais'. As crianças com presença de sangramento e que não moravam com ambos os pais biológicos relataram maior impacto nos domínios bem-estar emocional e social da QVRSB. Para o estudo 3, de acordo com testes não-paramétricos, observaram-se associações estatisticamente significantes entre a percepção dos pais sobre saúde bucal e geral dos escolares e o relato de QVBSB (p<0.05). Conclui-se que as condições socioambientais podem ter influências negativas sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (Capítulo 1), constatando-se que o impacto desses fatores pode ser diferente entre os quatro domínios do instrumento utilizado (Capítulo 2). Além disso, verificou-se que houve associação entre a percepção subjetiva dos pais e a QVRSB dos escolares (Capítulo 3), demonstrando que o ambiente familiar pode exercer influência sobre aspectos subjetivos relacionados à saúde bucal em escolares
Abstract: Considering the growing interest in the individual's subjective perceptions about their oral health and quality of life, the present study aimed at evaluating the impact of subjective perceptions and socio-environmental conditions on schoolchildren's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). To this end, we developed an analysis based on three observational epidemiological transversal that revealed the following specific objectives: 1. Investigate, by epidemiological survey, the associations outcome variable OHRQoL and oral health, socioeconomic status, home environment, subjective perceptions of parents and schoolchildren about oral and general health; 2. To test associations between clinical conditions and socioenvironmental and outcome variable (OHRQoL) according to the domains of the instrument (Child Perceptions Questionnaires - CPQ11-14); 3. To evaluate the associations between parents'perception about oral and general health of their children, the oral health status of schoolchildren and OHRQoL. For the study a sample composed of 515 students from 12 years old, from public and private schools in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, through conglomerate sampling process. For studies 2 and 3, a sub-sample of 283 students was used. We collected data on the presence of caries, dental trauma, bleeding gums, developmental enamel defects and dental and malocclusion treatment needs. For this, we used the following indices: DMFT, dmft, SiC, modified developmental defects of enamel index (DDE) and dental aesthetic index (DAI). Information concerning the OHRQoL in schoolchildren were obtained through the application of the Brazilian version of questionnaire CPQ11-14. The students also answered questions relating to home environment and perceptions about oral and general health. Parents were sent a questionnaire about their perception in relation to oral and general health of their children, as well as questions about socioeconomic status. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Poisson regression, and nonparametric tests. In relation to Study 1, controlling confounding variables, it showed that the variables children's self perception of their oral health, low family income, female gender, orthodontic treatment need, 8 years of mother's education, until 2 siblings and household overcrowding with more one person for room had negative impact on their self perception related to OHRQoL. For the second study, it was found that the gender of the child, income and mother's education were statistically associated with the four domains of CPQ11-14, as well as the orthodontic treatment need was strongly associated with the domain 'functional limitations'. Children with presence of bleeding and that not living with both biological parents reported greater impact on emotional and social well-being of OHRQoL. For study 3, According to nonparametric tests, it was found statistically significant associations between parents' perception about oral and general health and report of OHRQoL of schoolchildren (p <0.05). We conclude that the socio-environmental conditions can have negative influences on OHRQoL (Chapter 1), noting that the impact of these factors may be different among the four domains of the instrument used - CPQ11-14 (Chapter 2). Moreover, it was found that there was an association between the subjective perception of the parents and schoolchildren's OWRQoL (Chapter 3), demonstrating that the family environment can influence the subjective aspects related to oral health in children
Mestrado
Saude Coletiva
Mestre em Odontologia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000759067.pdf: 17769769 bytes, checksum: b07c3d0057ebbb2559da2aa697d5bd51 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O desencadeamento de deslizamentos ocorre por influência de diversos fatores, tanto naturais, quanto socioeconômicos. Tal processo ocorre naturalmente na formação e evolução das vertentes, porém os fatores antrópicos, muitas vezes, aceleram esta dinâmica. As transformações realizadas através da urbanização desarmonizam todo o sistema natural, extinguindo a sintonia até então existente. Os próprios conflitos sociais corroboram a proliferação de áreas de risco, sendo o segregacionismo socioeconômico um importante elemento em estudos relacionados a estes sinistros. Após as alterações supracitadas, e as diferenças intersociais difundidas em determinado espaço, quando da ocorrência de eventos extremos de precipitação, cria-se o cenário perfeito para a deflagração de deslizamentos gerando perdas. Neste trabalho realizou-se uma análise das questões imbricadas na vulnerabilidade existente no bairro Jardim Zaíra, Município de Mauá/SP, e os fenômenos atmosféricos atuantes na deflagração dos deslizamentos ocorridos no mês de janeiro de 2011. A intenção e a expectativa para este estudo é auxiliar nos trabalhos preventivos junto ao bairro, e reforçar algumas medidas já identificadas que necessitam de urgência em sua resolução. Espera-se que através de trabalhos conjuntos, possam-se resolver, ao menos parcialmente, os problemas encontrados no Jardim Zaíra
The triggering of landslides is influenced by many factors, both natural, as socioeconomic. This process occurs naturally in the formation and evolution of the slopes, but the human factors often accelerate this momentum. The transformations performed by urbanization disharmonize entire natural system, extinguishing the previously existing line. Own social conflicts corroborate the proliferation of risk areas, and socioeconomic segregation an important element in studies related to these claims. After the above changes, and intersocial widespread differences in given space, upon the occurrence of extreme precipitation events, it creates the perfect setting for the outbreak of landslides generating losses. This work was carried out an analysis of the issues intertwined in existing vulnerability in Jardim Zaíra, City of Mauá/SP, and active atmospheric phenomena in the initiation of landslides in January 2011. The intention and expectation for this study is to assist in preventive work with the neighborhood and enhance some measures already identified that require urgency in his resolution. It is hoped that through joint work, we can-solve, at least partially, the problems encountered in the Jardim Zaíra

Orientador: Iára Regina Nocentini André
Banca: Nelson Jesuz Ferreira
Banca: José Gilberto de Souza
Resumo: O desencadeamento de deslizamentos ocorre por influência de diversos fatores, tanto naturais, quanto socioeconômicos. Tal processo ocorre naturalmente na formação e evolução das vertentes, porém os fatores antrópicos, muitas vezes, aceleram esta dinâmica. As transformações realizadas através da urbanização desarmonizam todo o sistema natural, extinguindo a sintonia até então existente. Os próprios conflitos sociais corroboram a proliferação de áreas de risco, sendo o segregacionismo socioeconômico um importante elemento em estudos relacionados a estes sinistros. Após as alterações supracitadas, e as diferenças intersociais difundidas em determinado espaço, quando da ocorrência de eventos extremos de precipitação, cria-se o cenário perfeito para a deflagração de deslizamentos gerando perdas. Neste trabalho realizou-se uma análise das questões imbricadas na vulnerabilidade existente no bairro Jardim Zaíra, Município de Mauá/SP, e os fenômenos atmosféricos atuantes na deflagração dos deslizamentos ocorridos no mês de janeiro de 2011. A intenção e a expectativa para este estudo é auxiliar nos trabalhos preventivos junto ao bairro, e reforçar algumas medidas já identificadas que necessitam de urgência em sua resolução. Espera-se que através de trabalhos conjuntos, possam-se resolver, ao menos parcialmente, os problemas encontrados no Jardim Zaíra
Abstract: The triggering of landslides is influenced by many factors, both natural, as socioeconomic. This process occurs naturally in the formation and evolution of the slopes, but the human factors often accelerate this momentum. The transformations performed by urbanization disharmonize entire natural system, extinguishing the previously existing line. Own social conflicts corroborate the proliferation of risk areas, and socioeconomic segregation an important element in studies related to these claims. After the above changes, and intersocial widespread differences in given space, upon the occurrence of extreme precipitation events, it creates the perfect setting for the outbreak of landslides generating losses. This work was carried out an analysis of the issues intertwined in existing vulnerability in Jardim Zaíra, City of Mauá/SP, and active atmospheric phenomena in the initiation of landslides in January 2011. The intention and expectation for this study is to assist in preventive work with the neighborhood and enhance some measures already identified that require urgency in his resolution. It is hoped that through joint work, we can-solve, at least partially, the problems encountered in the Jardim Zaíra
Mestre

Comme d'autres secteurs d'activité nouant des liens avec les territoires, le tourisme a été marqué par une conscientisation accrue de ses enjeux environnementaux au cours des dernières décennies. Durant les années 90, cette question s'est logiquement inscrite dans le débat plus large de la durabilité du tourisme. Depuis lors, de nombreuses initiatives en faveur d'un tourisme plus durable émergent dans le but de sensibiliser les différents acteurs du secteur à l'importance d'améliorer l'équilibre entre développement économique, protection de l'environnement et valeurs sociales.

Ces vingt dernières années ont aussi été une période d'intensification des dispositions législatives de protection de l'environnement, notamment à l'échelle de l'Europe. L'adoption en 1985 d'une directive sur l'évaluation des incidences environnementales des projets a ainsi été l'un des fondements de la politique environnementale de l'Union Européenne. Les approches de gestion de l'environnement évoluant, l'Union européenne a adopté en 2001 une directive portant sur l'Evaluation environnementale stratégique des plans et programmes (EES) et couvrant plusieurs secteurs dont le tourisme. L'EES a pour objectif de favoriser la prise en compte des considérations environnementales dans les processus de planification menés par les organismes publics. A l'échelle mondiale, malgré certaines limites reconnues, l'EES a fait ses preuves dans un grand nombre de contextes institutionnels et de secteurs différents et s'avère très complémentaire vis-à-vis de l'évaluation environnementale des projets.

Complétant un arsenal législatif environnemental déjà conséquent au niveau européen, l'EES suscite des questions quant à sa capacité à améliorer la prise en compte de l'environnement lors de la mise en œuvre des politiques de développement touristique et à contribuer à un tourisme plus durable. Partant de cette question qui s'inscrit dans la problématique générale de la régulation environnementale du tourisme, la présente thèse poursuit comme objectif d'évaluer les contributions et les limites de la mise en œuvre de l'EES dans le secteur du tourisme et dans le contexte particulier de la Région wallonne.

Dans un premier temps, la thèse analyse plusieurs approches de planification et de régulation environnementale opérant dans le cadre du développement touristique en Région wallonne. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence les facteurs sociopolitiques et instrumentaux pouvant influencer les résultats attendus de la mise en œuvre de l'EES dans le secteur du tourisme. Dans un second temps, la thèse examine plusieurs exemples d'application de l'EES à des processus de planification touristique afin d'identifier quels sont les facteurs opérationnels déterminant la capacité de l'EES à améliorer la prise en compte de l'environnement dans les décisions.

Ces deux niveaux d'investigation ont permis de mettre en évidence différents éléments intéressants. D’une part, il apparaît que la prise en compte de l'environnement dans les processus de planification touristique tient essentiellement à la mise en œuvre des législations environnementales et peu à l'affirmation d'une culture politique proactive en matière d'intégration de l'environnement. Face à ce constat, la valeur ajoutée de l'EES repose fortement sur son caractère obligatoire. D'autre part, les études de cas montrent que la valeur ajoutée de l'EES par rapport aux processus de planification touristique doit être interprétée en différenciant sa valeur ajoutée "absolue" et sa valeur ajoutée "relative". La valeur ajoutée "absolue" reflète la prégnance de différents facteurs organisationnels, méthodologiques et techniques qui sont sous-jacents à la mise en œuvre de tout processus d'EES. Quant à la valeur ajoutée "relative", elle dépend de la prise en compte effective des résultats des processus d'EES qui est conditionnée par l'équilibre réalisé par les acteurs politiques entre les enjeux économiques, sociaux et environnementaux du développement touristique. A travers le prisme des processus d'EES, la question de la durabilité du tourisme est donc clairement posée.

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T18:34:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRSP.pdf: 1976223 bytes, checksum: 6922d33bbe99be737758a8ea8e8d2f93 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T20:12:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRSP.pdf: 1976223 bytes, checksum: 6922d33bbe99be737758a8ea8e8d2f93 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T20:12:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRSP.pdf: 1976223 bytes, checksum: 6922d33bbe99be737758a8ea8e8d2f93 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T20:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseRSP.pdf: 1976223 bytes, checksum: 6922d33bbe99be737758a8ea8e8d2f93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22
Não recebi financiamento
Institutions are still looking for effective and efficient practices of their portfolio project management (PPM). Similarly, public research laboratories (PRL) are also pursuing this practice. However, these have organizational and institutional factors that differentiate them from private companies. In this way, through a literature review and case studies, developed a theoretical framework to identify and represent the organizational and institutional influence factors in practices and processes of PPM inside Brazilian public research institutions. Based on the five cases realized (a University, an institution with ties to state-owned company and three research institutions linked to Brazilian Government ministries) was able to evaluate the five factors: organizational aspects, institutional environment, identification, selection and priorization of opportunities, administration of resources and development of partnerships. It could be listed as findings of this thesis: the low adoption of PPM practices in national research institutions, the influence of public policy in the development of research activities of these institutions, and the need for a better development of managerial practices of administrative activities. Only two institutions studied have structured procedures to select, prioritize, track and monitor their projects portfolios.
Muitas instituições ainda buscam práticas eficazes e eficientes para o gerenciamento de seus portfólios de projetos. Essa busca não é diferente para os laboratórios públicos de pesquisa. Porém estes apresentam características institucionais e organizacionais que os diferenciam das empresas privadas. Neste intuito esta tese, por meio de uma revisão da literatura e estudo de casos, desenvolveu um quadro teórico para identificar os fatores que influenciam na adoção de práticas de gestão de portfólio de projetos nas instituições brasileiras públicas de pesquisa. Com base nos cinco casos realizados (uma universidade, uma instituição com vínculo a empresa estatal e três instituições de pesquisa vinculadas a ministérios do governo brasileiro) foi possível analisar os cinco fatores: Aspectos Organizacionais, Ambiente Institucional, Identificação, Seleção e Priorização de Oportunidades, Administração dos Recursos e Desenvolvimento de Parcerias. Podem ser listados como constatações do trabalho: a pouca adoção de práticas de gestão de portfólio de projetos nas instituições de pesquisa nacionais, a influência de políticas públicas no desenvolvimento das atividades de pesquisas destas instituições e a necessidade de um melhor desenvolvimento de práticas gerenciais administrativas das atividades realizadas. Apenas duas instituições estudadas possuem procedimentos estruturados para selecionar, priorizar, controlar e monitorar seus portfólios de projetos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research work, has as objective the development of an evaluation process focused on Internal Aspects, External Environment and Development of Scenarios as base to define strategies on strategic planning. For the realization this work was taken by basis the bibliographic research, of exploratory character and qualitative nature. The goals were reached by a theoretical development, based on analysis of the literature, addressing the constructs: Strategic Planning, Environmental Analysis and Scenario Analysis, by defining concepts, description of its evolution and presentation of implementation models. The process developed in this object is divided into three levels: a) Internal Aspects, the main topics to be analyzed are: Human Resources; Production; Finances; Marketing; Research & Development; analysis of competitive advantages; b) External Environment, the main analyzed variables are: Politics Variables; Economic Variables; Technologic Variables; Demographic Variables; Social Variables; Five Powers of Porter Analysis and the Analysis of attractiveness inside the segment in comparison of all variables; c) Scenario Analysis, are presented nine steps: 1) Identificacion of strategic objectives; 2) Analysis of environmental variables; 3) Selection of key variables; 4) Prospect of scenarios; 5) Relationship of variables with the scenarios; 6) Creation of scenarios; 7) Choice of likely scenarios; 8) Strategies definition; 9) Monitoring scenarios and results using indicators. The Process of Environment Evaluation contributes for that intends to have global organization knowledge, to know the environment and, with analyzing scenarios, preview the future of the organization, to provide solid base to define the strategies.
O trabalho de pesquisa, aqui apresentado, tem como objetivo desenvolver um processo de avaliação dos aspectos internos, do ambiente externo e elaboração de cenários como base para a definição das estratégias no Planejamento Estratégico. Para a realização deste trabalho tomou-se por base a pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório e natureza qualitativa. Os objetivos foram alcançados por meio de uma construção teórica, realizada com base na análise da literatura, abordando os constructos: Planejamento Estratégico, Análise Ambiental e Análise de Cenários, através da definição de conceitos, descrição de sua evolução e apresentação de modelos de implementação. O processo de avaliação está segmentado em três fases: a) Aspectos Internos, os principais recursos que devem ser analisados são: Recursos Humanos; Produção; Financeiro; Marketing; Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Análise das vantagens competitivas; b) Ambiente Externo, as principais variáveis analisadas são: Variáveis Políticas; Variáveis Econômicas; Variáveis Tecnológicas; Variáveis Demográficas; Variáveis Sociais; Cinco Forças de Porter e Análise da atratividade do setor em relação às variáveis; c) Análise de Cenários, são apresentadas nove etapas: 1) Identificação dos objetivos estratégicos; 2) Análise das variáveis ambientais; 3) Seleção das principais variáveis; 4) Prospecção de cenários; 5) Relação das variáveis com os cenários; 6) Criação dos cenários; 7) Escolha dos cenários prováveis; 8) Definição das estratégias e 9) Monitoramento dos cenários e resultados através de indicadores. O Processo de Avaliação do Ambiente contribui para que se tenha um conhecimento global da organização, do ambiente em que está inserida e com a análise de cenários, prever o futuro, proporcionando base sólida para definir as estratégias.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-12T19:05:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellmo dos Santos Alves - 2016.pdf: 10871861 bytes, checksum: aa85e8f217e7706f6eafc7ca62436ced (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T19:32:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellmo dos Santos Alves - 2016.pdf: 10871861 bytes, checksum: aa85e8f217e7706f6eafc7ca62436ced (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T19:32:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wellmo dos Santos Alves - 2016.pdf: 10871861 bytes, checksum: aa85e8f217e7706f6eafc7ca62436ced (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28
Outro
Ribeirão das Abóboras (Abóboras Creek) is the main water body which supplies the population of Rio Verde (GO) and it’s one of the main affluent of São Tomás River; the last being the main source of water supply of the city of Santa Helena de Goiás (GO). These municipalities are located in the microregion of Southeast of Goiás, with an economy based on agribusiness, whereas the municipality of Rio Verde is the main economy of this microregion. The physical characteristics evaluated, with the use of technologies, were the morphometry, the land use and vegetation coverage from 1985 to 2015 and the environmental fragility. The quality of water variables were temperature (T), hydrogen potential (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids concentration (SSC), apparent color (AC), true color (TC), turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and total phosphorus (TP), since the averages compared with the limits for class 2 fresh water established by CONAMA Resolution 357/05. It was accomplished a study of the trophic state with the application of the Trophic State Index (TSI). It was possible to verify, through this study, that: this basin’s area is characterized as of a longer shape, in other words, it presents a lower propensity to great floods, if compared to a circular basin; the Creek presents water course characteristics with predominance of soft wavy relief, making it easy for agricultural practices; the basin is characterized as of average drainage density, inferring that the geological substrate and the pedological material are moderately poriferous; the land use and vegetation coverage, diversified from 2005 and in a deranged way, without respecting the limits imposed by the present environmental legislations, have caused important environmental damages, among them, water pollution, such as BOD and TP variables in disagreement with CONAMA Resolution 357/05 and high trophic state indexes, which vary from mesotrophic to hypereutropic. Such impact can cause damages to a proper water supply for multiple uses. Therefore, it’s necessary a land use and vegetation coverage planning, reconciling the economical interests with the environmental preservation and mainly the improvement of the quality of life of the population of Rio Verde and Santa Helena de Goiás.
O Ribeirão das Abóboras é o principal corpo hídrico que abastece a população de Rio Verde (GO) e é um dos principais afluentes do Rio São Tomás; este é a principal fonte de fornecimento de água da cidade de Santa Helena de Goiás (GO). Esses municípios estão localizados na microrregião Sudoeste de Goiás, com economia baseada no agronegócio, sendo o município de Rio Verde a principal economia dessa microrregião. Objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas e a qualidade da água da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão das Abóboras, em Rio Verde (GO). As características físicas avaliadas, com uso de geotecnologias, foram a morfometria, o uso da terra e cobertura vegetal de 1985 a 2015 e a fragilidade ambiental. As variáveis de qualidade da água avaliadas foram temperatura (T), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), condutividade elétrica (CE), sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), concentração de sólidos suspensos (CSS), cor aparente (CA), cor verdadeira (CV), turbidez, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrato e fósforo total (FT), sendo as médias comparadas com os limites para água doce classe 2 estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 357/05. Foi realizado ainda o estudo do estado trófico com aplicação do Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) para FT. Foi constatado, através desse estudo, que: a área desta bacia é caracterizada como de forma mais alongada, ou seja, apresenta menor propensão a grandes enchentes, se comparada com uma bacia circular; o Ribeirão apresenta características de curso de água com predominância em relevo suave ondulado, facilitando as práticas agrícolas; a bacia é caracterizada como de média densidade de drenagem, inferindo-se que o substrato geológico e o material pedológico são mediamente porosos; o uso da terra e a cobertura vegetal, diversificados a partir de 2005 e de forma desordenada, sem respeitar os limites impostos pelas legislações ambientais vigentes, causou danos ambientais importantes, dentre eles, poluição da água, como variáveis DBO e FT em desconformidade com a Resolução CONAMA 357/05 e altos índices de estado trófico, que variaram de mesotrófico a hipereutrófico. Tais impactos podem causar danos ao fornecimento de água apropriada para usos múltiplos. Com isso, é necessário planejamento do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal, conciliando os interesses econômicos com a preservação ambiental e principalmente a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população de Rio Verde e de Santa Helena de Goiás.