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1
Soukhaphon, Akarath, Ian G. Baird, and Zeb S. Hogan. "The Impacts of Hydropower Dams in the Mekong River Basin: A Review." Water 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030265.
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The Mekong River, well known for its aquatic biodiversity, is important to the social, physical, and economic health of millions living in China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. This paper explores the social and environmental impacts of several Mekong basin hydropower dams and groupings of dams and the geographies of their impacts. Specifically, we examined the 3S (Sesan, Sekong Srepok) river system in northeastern Cambodia, the Central Highlands of Vietnam, and southern Laos; the Khone Falls area in southern Laos; the lower Mun River Basin in northeastern Thailand; and the upper Mekong River in Yunnan Province, China, northeastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Thailand. Evidence shows that these dams and groupings of dams are affecting fish migrations, river hydrology, and sediment transfers. Such changes are negatively impacting riparian communities up to 1000 km away. Because many communities depend on the river and its resources for their food and livelihood, changes to the river have impacted, and will continue to negatively impact, food and economic security. While social and environmental impact assessments have been carried out for these projects, greater consideration of the scale and cumulative impacts of dams is necessary.
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Mayoral, Juan M., and Miguel P. Romo. "Geo-Seismic Environmental Aspects Affecting Tailings Dams Failures." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2008.212.222.
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Imhoff, K. R. "Dams and the Environment." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0068.
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Reservoirs and environment interrelate with each other. The design interferes with given structures and uses. There are influences on flora and fauna. New demands are created. The different aspects are dealt with. Solutions are presented.
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Pacheco, Admilson Da Penha, Renato Filipe Faria Henriques, and Paulo Marcelo Vieira Ribeiro. "Technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil: a theoretical approach." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2552.
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The safety of a dam is the result of a series of factors, including structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, operational and environmental aspects. In Brazil, Law No. 12.334 of September 2010 establishes the National Dam Safety Policy, which requires safety reports and monitoring inspections for existing dams. The inspection comprises a set of devices installed on the dam, which are used to assess the structural behavior based on performance parameters of the structure, such as displacements, flows, stresses, slopes and others. Dam auscultation procedures, historically, have been performed since the 1950s. Since then, there have been significant advances in instrumentation and dam auscultation methods. This work presents a theoretical approach on technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil, based on a state-of-the-art literature review, involving auscultation of dams in the context of design codes, concepts, instrumentation, safety, procedures and monitoring methods.
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Ossowski, Rafał. "Environmental Aspects of Coastal Earth Structures Made of Soil-Ash Composites." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0035.
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Abstract This paper presents an innovative technology of building the coastal dams with the use of soil-ash composites. A natural- scale test stand and results of the performed environmental tests are presented; they have been compared with standards for purity of soils and waters. Also, an analysis of the obtained results and discussion of trends and anomalies in the observations, are given.
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Sneddon, Chris, and Coleen Fox. "Struggles Over Dams as Struggles for Justice: The World Commission on Dams (WCD) and Anti-Dam Campaigns in Thailand and Mozambique." Society & Natural Resources 21, no. 7 (July 15, 2008): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920701744231.
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TAYAPUTCH, Nuansri. "Present Aspects and Environmental Impacts of Pesticide Use in Thailand." Journal of Pesticide Science 21, no. 1 (1996): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.21.132.
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Gu, Hao, Xiao Fu, Yantao Zhu, Yijun Chen, and Lixian Huang. "Analysis of Social and Environmental Impact of Earth-Rock Dam Breaks Based on a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156239.
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A large proportion of the dams in China are earth-rock dams. Regarding the well-studied loss of life and economic consequences due to dam breaks, this paper introduces the causes and modes of earth-rock dam breaks and the corresponding dam-break losses in terms of the social and environmental aspects. This study formulates the evaluation index system and criteria of earth-rock dam breaks’ impact on society and the environment based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that the evaluation grade of the social and environmental impact of the dam break of the Liujiatai Reservoir was “serious”. Therefore, similar dams in China should take corresponding measures in advance to reduce the social and environmental impact of earth-rock dam breaks.
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Grünwald, Richard, Wenling Wang, and Yan Feng. "Politicization of the Hydropower Dams in the Lancang-Mekong Basin: A Review of Contemporary Environmental Challenges." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051682.
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To date, hydropower dams raise numerous interpretations about their impact on the Lancang-Mekong River. While most research studies analyze the negative aspects of hydropower development on people’s livelihoods and local environments, the hydropower sector was historically one of the most iconic economic segments facilitating transboundary water cooperation for decades. By using the constructive discourse analysis and critical political ecology approach, the presented text (1) outlines the current environmental narratives over the Lancang-Mekong hydropower development and (2) explores the politicization of the Chinese mainstream dams. The data were collected upon the multi-level content analysis of relevant sources and double-checked with the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database (LMCCD) monitoring over 4000 water-related events among six riparian countries between 1990 and 2021. Our data show that (i) there is a stark contrast in positive and negative narratives over the rapid hydropower development, (ii) the impact of mainstream dams on the river is more often discussed than that of tributary dams, (iii) implications of the hydropower dams are often interpreted upon the non-traditional research inputs rather than widely accepted studies, and (iv) developing the contradictory arguments through social and public media contributes to greater polarization of the multi-stakeholders’ viewpoints in the accountable research dialogue.
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Cacciuttolo, Carlos, Alvar Pastor, Patricio Valderrama, and Edison Atencio. "Process Water Management and Seepage Control in Tailings Storage Facilities: Engineered Environmental Solutions Applied in Chile and Peru." Water 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010196.
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In the past thirty years many mining projects in Chile and Peru have used: (i) polymeric geomembranes and (ii) design-and-build cutoff trenches, plastic concrete slurry walls, and grout curtain systems to control seepage at tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Geosynthetics are a viable alternative at a TSF dam for clay cores or impermeable materials, mainly because of their marked advantages in cost, installation, and construction time. This article describes the use of geosynthetics liners and cutoff trench–plastic concrete slurry walls–grout curtain systems in TSF dams in Chile and Peru mining, with the objective to decrease seepage to the environment, considering different dam material cases such as: cycloned tailings sand dams, borrow dams, and mine waste rock dams. Finally, this article discusses aspects of geosynthetic technology acceptance in the local regulatory frameworks, lessons learned, and advances. It focuses on the use and implementation of geosynthetics in TSFs in Chile and Peru, which have some of the highest TSF dams in the world, as well as a wet environment, dry environment, extreme topography, and severe seismic conditions. These conditions constitute a challenge for manufacturers, engineers, and contractors, who must achieve optimal technical solutions, while being environmentally aware and economic.
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Saengsupavanich, Cherdvong. "A current Environmental Impact Assessment of a port in Thailand: Marine physical aspects." Ocean & Coastal Management 54, no. 2 (February 2011): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.11.001.
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Chan, Steve Kwok-Leung. "Dams on a Myanmar–Thai transboundary river." International Journal of Development Issues 16, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-10-2016-0062.
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Purpose This paper aims to study dams on transboundary rivers. In this study, the case of the Nu–Salween–Thanlwin River is reviewed. This study is an attempt toward developing a conceptual model to explain the unequal hydropower exchange of hydropower dams on transboundary rivers. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews big dam project plans on the Salween–Thanlwin River near the Myanmar–Thailand border from the perspective of critical hydropolitics. The evidence is drawn from an extensive review of academic literature, reports, newspapers and websites on this topic. Cascao and Zeitoun’s (2010) four pillars of power, namely, geographical, material, bargaining and ideational power, are reviewed in the case of the Salween–Thanlwin River and its riparian states. Findings On the basis of a realist discourse, power relationships between dams and their socio-environmental effects are discussed from the perspective of critical hydropolitics. Multiple levels of power asymmetry regarding geographical, material, bargaining and ideational power are observed. The powerful states are high electricity consumers and importers. They invest in hydroelectric dams of adjacent developing states and buy back most of the electricity generated to fuel their industrialization and urbanization. Weak states generally do not have high bargaining power. They depend on the investment of high material power states for domestic and economic development and gain from the export of electricity. However, the externalities of hydropower dams are transferred to these weak states. This contributes to an unequal hydropower exchange model. Practical implications The model provides an analytical framework for hydropower dam projects through which comprehensive and multidimensional views are extracted. Academia, policymakers, private developers, international development agencies and nongovernment organizations will have a better understanding of hydropower dam projects and the interactions among riparian states. Originality/value This conceptual model stems from Cascao and Zeitoun’s (2010) four pillars of power – geographical, material, bargaining and ideational power. The author limits the framework to hydroelectric dams in transboundary rivers. The powerful states are high electricity consumers and importers that dominate the dam development projects and exchange process.
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Bouaanani, Najib, Patrick Paultre, and Jean Proulx. "Dynamic response of a concrete dam impounding an ice-covered reservoir: Part II. Parametric and numerical study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-076.
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This paper presents a numerical and parametric study of the effect of an ice cover on the dynamic response of a concrete dam using the approach proposed in the companion paper in this issue. The method was programmed and implemented in a finite element code specialized for the seismic analysis of concrete dams. The 84-m-high Outardes 3 concrete gravity dam in northeastern Quebec was chosen as a model for this research. Some basic aspects of the numerical model are established in this paper and we show that the ice cover affects the dynamic response of the ice–dam–reservoir system. Main features of this influence are emphasized and discussed in a parametric study through the analysis of: (i) acceleration frequency response curves at the dam crest, (ii) hydrodynamic frequency response curves inside the reservoir, and (iii) the hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the upstream face of the dam. Key words: gravity dams, concrete dams, ice, reservoirs, mathematical models, ice–structure interaction, fluid–structure interaction, forced-vibration testing, finite elements modelling.
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Veronez, Diego Velloso, Karina Camasmie Abe, and Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia. "Health Impact Assessment of the construction of hydroelectric dams in Brazil." Chronicles of Health Impact Assessment 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21777.
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Background: Brazil´s dam-building plans in Amazonia imply substantial environmental and social impacts. This study evaluates the relationship between social, environmental, and economic aspects and impacts on the health status of the population of Rondônia, Brazil, due to the implementation of the Jirau and Santo Antônio hydroelectric dams. Methods: A qualitative and retrospective Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is used to focus the study objectives. The information is arranged in a structured diagram that enables an outside reviewer to assess the aspects/impacts relationship derived from the construction of the dams. This comes with outline recommendations for health risk management that can orient national health authorities. We selected a narrative review synthesis as the most appropriate approach for the study. Results: The diagram network was built making it possible to analyse the impact changes caused by this enterprise in the health sector. Additionally, the model will serve in the implementation of a complete HIA approach in an attempt to quantitatively map the impacts and to propose recommendations. Conclusion: This effort is very important for highlighting the priorities in the public policy decision-making process, serving as a basis for the Brazilian Health System.
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FUCHS, Kevin. "The Ideation of Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from Phuket, Thailand." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 5 (September 10, 2021): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.5(53).07.
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The fundamental people-to-people nature of tourism makes it more vulnerable than other industries and adds more difficulties in adapting to the pandemic. The mass tourist destination Phuket has suffered economic consequences due to a decline in international passenger arrivals, with inadequate domestic tourism to take their place. It is reasonable to state that, in some way, the absence of tourism will impact Phuket’s status quo of environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability is a primary theme in the contemporary tourism and hospitality industry. Environmentally sustainable consumer behavior and ecotourism are important aspects of environmental protection, which eventually benefits society. This paper presents evidence related to the current state of environmental sustainability based on an ongoing work-in-progress research project. The study is led by the ethnographic principles of qualitative data collection. Moreover, the empirical data for this study were gathered through non-participant observations, unstructured interviews with local stakeholders, and the collecting of a variety of materials. The study discloses indecisive results based on the good practices that were observed, as well as behavior and outcomes that contradict the philosophy of environmental sustainability. The results of this paper have practical implications for residents, visitors, and policymakers and offer the scientific community a starting point for advanced research about environmental sustainability in the mass tourism destination Phuket, Thailand.
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LEELAKULTHANIT, Orose. "Consumption Aspects that Create Life Satisfaction." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.1(41).24.
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Consumption is one of the main activities in life. Given the many aspects of this activity, it is the interest of this study to investigate the contribution of these aspects of consumption on life satisfaction. These consumption aspects include quality products, fair prices, easily accessible products, promotions, time-saving products, luxury products, eco-friendly products, new technology products, and consumption expenditure. A total of 450 responses were collected from adult shoppers in Bangkok, Thailand. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that among the various aspects of consumption, time-saving products was the sole determinant of people’s life satisfaction. In addition, age and household income were two other demographic variables that were seen to have a positive effect on a person’s life satisfaction. Regarding the high household income group, consumption expenditure and age were positively related to life satisfaction.
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Cota, Guilherme Eduardo Macedo, Nayara Mariana Gonzaga Rosa, Camila Esteves Romeiro, Izabela Aparecida da Silva Mendes, and Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior. "ASPECTOS LEGAIS DA SEGURANÇA DE BARRAGENS DE REJEITO DE MINÉRIO: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL E USOS MÚLTIPLOS DA ÁGUA NO ALTO RIO DAS VELHAS (MG)." GEOgraphia 21, no. 45 (June 7, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2019.v21i45.a14478.
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: A construção de barramentos para a contenção de rejeitos provenientes da exploração mineral é uma prática comum em Minas Gerais, principalmente no Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Os riscos ambientais associados ao colapso destas estruturas favoreceram a elaboração de parâmetros legais que regulam as barragens de rejeito de minério no Brasil, estabelecidos através da Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens e do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Segurança de Barragens. A bacia do Alto Rio das Velhas está totalmente inserida no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, onde a mineração se sobressai em diferentes contextos de uso e ocupação do solo no entorno dos cursos d’água. Deste modo, destaca-se a importância da realização de estudos que abordem os aspectos e instrumentos legais tocantes à segurança de barragens de rejeitos, fomentando reflexões acerca das implicações e dos riscos inerentes à instalação e à manutenção deste tipo de estrutura na região. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta um panorama dos aspectos jurídicos, legais e administrativos que envolvem a segurança de barragens de rejeito de minério instaladas na região do Alto Rio das Velhas e faz uma reflexão sobre o seu contexto espacial, apontando os problemas, riscos e consequências para a qualidade ambiental e a manutenção de usos múltiplos da água na bacia.Palavras-chave: Mineração. Riscos ambientais. Quadrilátero Ferrífero. LEGAL ASPECTS ON SAFETY OF MINING REJECT DAMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND MULTIPLE WATER USES IN THE UPPER RIO DAS VELHAS BASIN (MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL)Abstract: The construction of dams to store and contain mineral tailings is a common practice in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, mainly in the so-called “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” geological region (iron quadrangle). The environmental risks associated with the collapse of these structures favored the elaboration of legal parameters that regulate this sector in Brazil. These parameters are established through the national policy on dam’s safety and the national information system on dam’s safety. The Alto Rio das Velhas basin is totally inserted in the “Quadrilátero Ferrífero”, where mining excels in different contexts of land use and occupation around the water courses. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies that address the legal aspects and instruments related to the safety of mining tailings dams, motivating reflections about the implications and risks inherent to the their installation and maintenance in the region. In this sense, this article presents an overview of the juridical, legal and administrative aspects that involve the safety of mining tailings dams installed in the region and reflects on their spatial context, pointing out the problems, risks and consequences for environmental quality around maintaining commitment of water multiple uses in the basin.Keywords: Mining. Environmental risks. “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” (iron quadrangle).
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Baurzhan, Saule, Glenn P. Jenkins, and Godwin O. Olasehinde-Williams. "The Economic Performance of Hydropower Dams Supported by the World Bank Group, 1975–2015." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092673.
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This paper assesses the economic benefits of 57 World Bank Group-sponsored hydropower dam plant investments. Hydropower dams are among the main sources for producing electricity and the largest renewable source for power generation throughout the world. Hydropower dams are often a lower-cost option for power generation in Clean Energy Transition for addressing global climate change. Despite its conspicuous aspects, constructing hydropower dams has been controversial. Considering the World Bank’s long history as the largest hydropower development financier, this study investigates its performance in supporting hydropower dams. The outcomes of this study apply to the wider hydropower development community. Of the projects in this study, 70% experienced a cost overrun, and more than 80% of projects experienced time overruns, incurring potential additional costs as a result. Despite the high cost and time overruns, this hydropower portfolio of dams produced a present value of net economic benefits by 2016 of over half a trillion USD. Based on our findings, the evaluated hydropower portfolio helped avoid over a billion tonnes of CO2 for an estimated global environmental benefit valued at nearly USD 350 billion. The projects’ additional environmental benefits raise the real rate of return from 15.4% to 17.3%. The implication for hydropower developers is that the projects’ assessment should consider cost and time overrun and factor them into the project-planning contingency scenarios. There is a considerable benefit for developing countries to exploit their hydropower resources if they can be developed according to industry practices and international standards. The case for developing hydropower may be stronger when considering its climate benefits. The net economic benefits of hydropower can be even higher if there is a greater effort to manage cost and time overruns.
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Schulz, Christopher, and William M. Adams. "In search of the good dam: contemporary views on dam planning in Latin America." Sustainability Science 16, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00870-2.
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AbstractDam planning and construction is notoriously difficult. It is highly complex, involving a multitude of social, environmental, economic and technological questions that often become politicised in the process; negative impacts are often concentrated on small, vulnerable groups within society, while the benefits are typically spread in a much more diffuse pattern; it requires changing riverine ecosystems, often irreversibly so; and it takes a very long time, with often harsh consequences if mistakes are made. These challenges have generated decades of debate around dams and development, yet it is not clear how dam planning and management can be improved. To address this question, the present study used Q methodology to analyse the views of social and environmental researchers on dams in Latin America on the principles that should guide dam development. The Q analysis rendered three idealised viewpoints: The first suggested that defending the rights of vulnerable people should be the main priority, as a counterbalance to the natural bias towards economically and politically powerful actors within the political economy of dam construction. The second implied adoption of a holistic and scientific vision towards dam decision-making and a focus of efforts on perfecting formal procedures and participatory processes to build better dams in the future. The third called into question the need for dams altogether and concentrated attention on invisible and overlooked aspects of dam decision-making, particularly past injustices, and the rights of indigenous communities to determine their own model of development. Each viewpoint represents an alternative vision for future dam planning and clarifies the choices available to policy-makers and development actors. Moreover, viewpoints give insights into the motivations of those who seek to inform debates on dams and development. While they were identified in the context of dam-decision making, our findings may also be relevant to other fields of sustainable development.
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Yoshida, Yuichiro, Han Soo Lee, Bui Huy Trung, Hoang-Dung Tran, Mahrjan Keshlav Lall, Kifayatullah Kakar, and Tran Dang Xuan. "Impacts of Mainstream Hydropower Dams on Fisheries and Agriculture in Lower Mekong Basin." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062408.
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The riverine ecosystems of the Mekong River Basin possess the world’s most productive inland fishery and provide highly productive food crops for millions of people annually. The development of hydropower potential in the Mekong River has long been of interest to governments in the region. Among the existing 64 dams, 46 dams have been built in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) to produce up to 8650 MW of electricity. Additionally, of the 123 proposed built hydropower dams, eleven hydropower plants have been nominated for the river mainstream and are expected to install a total of 13,000 MW in the LMB countries. However, serious concerns have intensified over the potential negative economic consequences, especially on fisheries and agriculture in Cambodia and Vietnam. To date, most of the concerns have concentrated on the impacts on hydrology, environment, livelihood, and diversity in the LMB attributed to hydropower development. This paper, however, discusses the fishery and agricultural sectors of the LMB and focuses on the downstream floodplains of Cambodia and Vietnam. The dam construction has caused greater losses of biodiversity and fisheries than climate change in the LMB. The reduction of 276,847 and 178,169 t of fish, 3.7% and 2.3% of rice, 21.0% and 10.0% of maize will contribute to a decrease of 3.7% and 0.3% of the GDP of Cambodia and Vietnam, respectively. Lao PDR may benefit the most revenue from electricity generation than the other country in the LMB, as most of the proposed dams are projected in the country. Cambodia burdens 3/4 of the reduction of total capture fishery destruction, whilst Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam endure the remaining 1/3 losses. The tradeoff analyses reveal that losses of capture fisheries, sediment or nutrients, and social mitigation costs are greater than the benefits from electricity generation, improved irrigation, and flood control of the LMB region. The socioeconomic and environmental damage caused by hydropower dams in developing countries, including the Mekong, is greater than the early costs in North America and Europe. It is proposed that dam construction for hydropower in the Mekong River, as well as other rivers in developing countries, should be gradually removed and shifted toward solar, wind, and other renewable resources.
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Nama, Ala Hassan, Ali Sadiq Abbas, and Jaafar S. Maatooq. "Field and Satellite Images-Based Investigation of Rivers Morphological Aspects." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-07-03.
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Worldwide and especially in less developed regions, process-based evaluations and/or geomorphological information on large-scale rivers are still scarce. Such investigation become of urgent need due to the climate change and expected occurrence of extreme floods and drought which may threaten the safety of nearby and downstream cities, especially in regions that are highly sensitive and affected by climatic changes. The Tigris River, in Iraq, is one such river that has undergone significant alteration to its flow and morphologic aspects due to climate change and the construction of many dams. However, morphology and its change for many reaches of this river are still uninvestigated. To this end, field and satellite-based investigations into the morphology of a reach located between Makhool District and Tikrit City have been conducted. In addition to the cross-sectional survey-based determination of the reach geometrical aspects, a sinuosity indices-based evaluation of the reach planform was implemented, utilizing a satellite indices-based approach. Furthermore, the characteristics of bed material were identified through field sampling. Investigation results show that the reach has a steep bed slope and many islands of low altitude with an elongated shape. The reach has a mild sinuosity with alternating bars. The dominant particle sizes of the bed material are coarse and medium gravel with a dominant particle shape of disc particles. Moreover, the satellite-based change detection indicated the fading out and disappearance of some secondary channels, the growth of many islands, and the movement of some bends downstream. The percentage of changing parts for the period 1975–2021 is 14%. Most of this change, 11%, occurred after the construction of the Mosul Dam. This reveals the sensitivity of reach morphology to flow change due to the construction of dams. The conducted fieldwork and the applied methodology contribute to supporting efforts to add knowledge worldwide about uninvestigated rivers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-03 Full Text: PDF
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Cuce, Erdem, Pinar Mert Cuce, Shaik Saboor, Aritra Ghosh, and Yahya Sheikhnejad. "Floating PVs in Terms of Power Generation, Environmental Aspects, Market Potential, and Challenges." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052626.
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Limited reserves of fossil fuels, rising environmental concerns, and a remarkable increase in electricity demand have led to the necessity of harnessing solar energy on a large scale. For this purpose, there has been a noticeable stimulation into photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) over the last three decades, but the land requirement for PVPPs is still a handicap in many countries since valuable lands are considered for other purposes such as agriculture and livestock. For effective conservation of valuable lands and water resources, PVPPs are preferred to be installed on various water bodies such as oceans, seas, lagoons, lakes, rivers, dams, canals, wastewater treatment plants, irrigation ponds, fish farms, wineries, reservoirs, etc. PV systems on water bodies are called floating PVPPs, and they have outstanding advantages compared with land-based PVPPs including better energy generation owing to passive cooling effects, higher system efficiency and reliability, and lower dirt and dust accumulation on PV modules thus lower operating costs. There are also some significant environmental features provided by floating PVs. Shading effects due to PV coverage reduce water losses arising from evaporation. Moreover, algae growth is limited because of mitigated solar radiation, which yields better water quality. This review presents more insight on floating PVPPs in terms of several aspects such as electricity generation, system efficiency, reliability and sustainability, experimental applications and facilities in operation, water and carbon saving as well as challenges.
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Cacciuttolo Vargas, Carlos, and Alex Marinovic Pulido. "Sustainable Management of Thickened Tailings in Chile and Peru: A Review of Practical Experience and Socio-Environmental Acceptance." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710901.
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The “Thickened Tailings Disposal” (TTD) technology produces a high density mine waste that allows for the storage of this material without the need to manage large slurry tailings storage facilities (TSFs) and large dams. TTD has been applied considering site specific conditions of Chile and Peru, such as extreme climatic conditions, seismic risks, water scarcity, community demands, and environmental constraints. This review highlights the contribution of several experiences in Chile and Peru, which have chosen TTD technology for reduction of negative environmental impacts, mainly focusing on the following issues: (i) increase of tailings water recovery, (ii) reduction of TSFs footprint (impacted areas), (iii) decrease the risk of physical instability, avoiding the construction of high dams, and (iv) decrease of TSFs seepages. Finally, the article describes the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (aspects to improve) of TTD, where nowadays a high degree of dewatering of tailings is seen as a safe option, considering the occurrence of some TSF dam failures recently worldwide, which has resulted in severe environmental pollution. A better environmental perception about TTD of authorities and communities, considering that this technology allows to satisfy the needs of stable and safe TSFs, make the TTD be more acceptable, popular and one of the best available technologies (BATs) for operations with mine tailings.
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LETURCQ, GUILLAUME. "DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0254r1v1922016.
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Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.
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Movahednejad, Farzaneh. "Exploration a New Model for Assessment the Environmental Risk of Dams in Construction Stage (Case Study: Balarood Dam, Khuzestan)." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 04 (October 28, 2021): 1215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i04.12650.
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Dam projects have serious influences on environmental parameters; therefore, environment risk assessment of dam is one of the most significant aspects of environmental risk management in these projects. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a new model for assessing the environmental risk of dams in construction stage. After identifying environmental risks and using the EFMEA method, the risk priority number for each of the environmental aspects was calculated and classified. Then, to assess and prioritize the identified environmental risks, the VIKOR method was used. The results showed that in The EFMEA method and by comparing calculated risk numbers, the risk of water pollution of Balarood River with the risk priority number of 125 is in the first priority. In the VIKOR method, the risks of water pollution in terms of agreement (high, average, low) with weights (1,300, 1,000 and 0,700) were identified as the most important risks. In the present article, using EFMEA and VIKOR methods in the environmental risk assessment of the dam, the most important risks were determined. The most important proposed corrective measure to reduce the environmental risks is the construction and completion of wastewater treatment for industrial units.
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Morán, Rafael, and Miguel A. Toledo. "Design and construction of the Barriga Dam spillway through an improved wedge-shaped block technology." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 10 (October 2014): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0120.
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The Barriga Dam (Burgos, Spain) is a unique case study because its trapezoid spillway is located on the dam body and is composed of wedge-shaped concrete blocks (WSB) that include certain relevant improvements. This note summarizes the main features of the studies, the key aspects of the final design of the WSB and their placement on the dam, and important details of the spillway design. The design team concluded the study by showing the suitability of this enhanced technology for application to small dams and ponds in the short term, even with unit flows above 5 m2/s.
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Basiron, Mohd Nizam, and Shelley M. Lexmond. "Review of the legal aspects of environmental management in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand." Ocean & Coastal Management 85 (December 2013): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.03.011.
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Chaveesuk, Singha, Wornchanok Chaiyasoonthorn, Nayika Kamales, Zdzislawa Dacko-Pikiewicz, Wiesław Liszewski, and Bilal Khalid. "Evaluating the Determinants of Consumer Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles in Thailand—An Extended UTAUT Model." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020855.
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This study explores the effects of autonomous cars and how they may affect the design of transportation systems. The research investigated the determinants of consumer adoption of autonomous vehicles in Thailand. The research was driven by increasing environmental protection awareness and the need to conserve it through revolutionary technology. The study adopted the extended UTAUT model, where a quantitative method was adopted using primary data from 381 respondents. The results indicated that consumer adoption of autonomous vehicles in Thailand is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, environmental benefits, and purchase subsidy. The recommendations developed were that, to enhance the consumers’ intention to adopt autonomous vehicles, the concerned stakeholders should improve on aspects, such as the ability to improve job performance, increase productivity, ease of use, flexibility, clarity, and understanding, as well as improve social status. The government should also consider subsidizing autonomous vehicles as this would encourage consumption. A limitation of the study is the generalization of the findings as it is limited to Thailand.
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Li, Mingjun, and Junxing Wang. "An Empirical Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network for Concrete Dam Deformation Modelling." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7620948.
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Deformation predicting models are essential for evaluating the health status of concrete dams. Nevertheless, the application of the conventional multiple linear regression model has been limited due to the particular structure, random loading, and strong nonlinear deformation of concrete dams. Conversely, the artificial neural network (ANN) model shows good adaptability to complex and highly nonlinear behaviors. This paper aims to evaluate the specific performance of the multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model in characterizing concrete dam deformation under environmental loads. In this study, four models, namely, the multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise regression (SR), backpropagation (BP) neural network, and extreme learning machine (ELM) model, are employed to simulate dam deformation from two aspects: single measurement point and multiple measurement points, approximately 11 years of historical dam operation records. Results showed that the prediction accuracy of the multipoint model was higher than that of the single point model except the MLR model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy of the ELM model was always higher than the other three models. All discussions would be conducted in conjunction with a gravity dam study.
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Silalertruksa, Thapat, Chanipa Wirodcharuskul, and Shabbir H. Gheewala. "Environmental Sustainability of Waste Circulation Models for Sugarcane Biorefinery System in Thailand." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249515.
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Sugarcane leaves and trash burning during harvesting, and vinasse management, are major challenges of the Thai sugarcane industry. Identification of the appropriate valorization pathways for both the biomass waste streams using the sugarcane biorefinery concept is necessary. This study aims to assess the environmental sustainability of five CE models, including (1) sugarcane trash for electricity, (2) sugarcane trash to biochar, (3) sugarcane trash as a soil conditioner, (4) vinasse as a bio-fertilizer, and (5) vinasse for power generation. Life cycle assessment has been conducted using the ReCiPE midpoint impact assessment method. The results revealed that all waste utilization scenarios can help reduce the environmental impacts compared to the base case. The utilization of sugarcane leaves and trash for electricity generation brings about the lowest environmental impacts due to the environmental credits from the substitution of Thai grid electricity. The utilization of sugarcane leaves can reduce impacts on climate change, terrestrial acidification, and ozone formation by about 20–104%, 43–61%, and 12–54%. Recycling vinasse as bio-fertilizer and for biogas production for electricity generation can reduce climate change impact by about 28–29%. There is a significant improvement of the avoidance of pre-harvesting burning of sugarcane in the Thai sugar industry, which has led to the big potential of sugarcane leaves biomass utilization. Recommendations to enhance the efficiency of using sugarcane leaves and vinasse are discussed. The integrated waste circulation scenarios on cane leaves and vinasses in the sugar-electricity-ethanol biorefinery shows advancement in the bio-circular-green economy (BCG) aspects for enhancing the environmental sustainability of the Thai sugarcane industry.
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Srisupawong, Yuwarat, Kanyuma Kamata, and Noritsugu Kamata. "The Important Aspects to Transform a Digital Organization: Examples of a Traditional Organization and a Public Company in Thailand." Journal of Economics, Business and Management 10, no. 4 (2022): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2022.10.4.707.
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Kiwfo, Kanokwan, Chonnipa Yeerum, Piyanat Issarangkura Na Ayutthaya, Kullapon Kesonkan, Siripat Suteerapataranon, Piyatida Panitsupakamol, Dujrudee Chinwong, et al. "Sustainable Education with Local-Wisdom Based Natural Reagent for Green Chemical Analysis with a Smart Device: Experiences in Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 11147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011147.
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To minimize chemical waste and protect the environment, our team has used green analysis with natural reagents. In this work, we designed a natural-reagent assay kit for iron determination and implemented it in chemistry education in Thailand. The iron assay method was adapted from Thai local wisdom of testing water quality using guava leaves. The guava leaf powder served as a natural reagent in the assay. The kit included equipment, standard and buffer solutions and a manual. A smart device with a built-in camera was used as a detector. Educators in six universities in Thailand implemented the kit in laboratories with modifications depending on their learning outcomes. The kit implementation was evaluated using a survey with questions in four aspects: usability, learning achievement, green chemistry and portability. The high average scores for all questions (> 4.00 of 5.00 points), with the average overall score of 4.53 ± 0.60, indicated satisfaction regarding in all aspects. Using a locally available bio-resource as a natural reagent for green analysis in chemistry education supported sustainable education in Thailand, in terms of quality education (SDG 4) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and environmental sustainability (SDG 6—Clean water and sanitation, 12—Responsible consumption and production and 14—Life be-low water).
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Wall, William Philip, Bilal Khalid, Mariusz Urbański, and Michal Kot. "Factors Influencing Consumer’s Adoption of Renewable Energy." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 5420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175420.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand. The study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) by including three additional variables. The study applied a quantitative study methodology, with primary data collected using a survey of consumers in five major cities in Thailand. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the study indicated that perception of self-effectiveness, environmental concern, renewable energy awareness, and beliefs about renewable energy benefits have a significant and positive effect on consumers’ intention to adopt renewable energy. The cost of renewable was found to have a negative but non-significant influence on consumers’ adoption of renewable energy, while risk/trust perception was found to have a positive but non-significant influence on consumers’ adoption of renewable energy. The study concluded that stakeholders should take into account the aspects of perception of self-effectiveness, environmental concern, renewable energy awareness, and beliefs about renewable energy benefits when running campaigns to promote the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand
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Daulay, Adinda Tasya Aulia Octaviani Prayudi, and Khoirul Anwar. "E-LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION IN RURAL AREA: THAILAND PRIMARY SCHOOL EFL PERCEPTION." JEELL (Journal of English Education, Linguistics and Literature) English Department of STKIP PGRI Jombang 8, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/jeell.v8i2.2207.
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This study aimed to find primary school EFL perception in Loei on E-learning during the Covid-19 outbreak. This study is using descriptive quantitative design using questionnaire as the instrument and involving 125 primary school EFL from 6 different districts in Loei, Thailand. To find valid answer, Gutmann scale has been applied in this study consisting of 4 aspects namely interactivity, independency, accessibility and enrichment. The results show that the mean score is 8.34 (min score: 3 & max score: 12) and the standard deviation is 2.152. Thus, it can be said that EFL perceptions in Loei, Thailand primary school on E-learning implementation is fairly good. The findings of this study are to assist English teachers making it possible to design more effective E-learning implementation during the outbreak mainly for EFL in rural areas.
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FUCHS, VANESSA BOANADA. "BLAMING THE WEATHER, BLAMING THE PEOPLE: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND A CRISIS ATTITUDE IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY SECTOR." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0260r1v1922016.
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Abstract The governance of natural resources is intrinsically linked with the governance of people. However, in practice, social aspects are often viewed as secondary to more technical and pressing issues in the implementation of projects such as dams. The use of water for electricity production in Brazil is a cas d'excellence that exemplifies how the bypassing of socio-environmental safeguards and democratic participation of affected people leads to conflicts. These conflicts delay infrastructure works, such as the Belo Monte Dam, that are found to be crucial for the equilibrium of electricity supply. Recently, social manifestation have become the scapegoat for the sector's crisis. This article discussed the "electricity crisis" from a historical policy analysis perspective. It concludes that the present disregard for social and environmental procedures is a self-inflicted disease that only contributes to the longer-term state of conflicts in the expansion of the electricity sector in Brazil.
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Yang, Linyu, Zishun Zhao, Dan Luo, Mingzhong Liang, and Qilin Zhang. "Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090823.
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Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.
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Chalermsri, Chalobol, Sibylle Herzig van Wees, Shirin Ziaei, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Weerasak Muangpaisan, and Syed Moshfiqur Rahman. "Exploring the Experience and Determinants of the Food Choices and Eating Practices of Elderly Thai People: A Qualitative Study." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113497.
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Over the past decade, Thailand has experienced a rapid increase in its elderly population. Many unfavorable health outcomes among elderly people are associated with nutrition. Nutrition in elderly people is affected by physical, mental, and social factors. This study explored the food choices and dietary practices among community-dwelling elderly people in Thailand from the perspective of both caregivers and the elderly people themselves. Six focus group discussions and six semistructured interviews were conducted in the Samut Sakhon Province of Thailand. Deductive thematic analyses were conducted based on the “food choice process model framework.” The results show that physical and mental factors and societal factors are important determinants of food choices. Moreover, a changing food environment and economic factors were found to affect food choices. Issues of trust in food safety and food markets were highlighted as growing issues. Therefore, fostering healthy food choice interventions that consider both environmental and societal aspects is necessary.
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Dewi, Kurniawati Hastuti. "Women’s Role and Position During Democratic Transition Period: A Comparison of Indonesia and Thailand." HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v6i1.5475.
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<p><em>This paper observes the historical, cultural, political, and social aspects of Indonesian and Thailand women to understand the progress of the women’s role and position in the two countries, especially during the democratic transition period. This is qualitative research that utilized library sources to collect information and data through various resources such as books, documents, historical books, and webistes dated back from 1970s to 2000s in Indonesia and Thailand. Although there are similarities in development programs to address women's role and position before democratization in Indonesia and Thailand as both of them mainly focused on “practical gender interests”. Interestingly, this paper reveals that during the democratic transition period, Indonesian women’s role and position in politics are one step ahead. This is due to the political stability, persistent commitment of the government to the gender equality agenda, and growing support from progressive Muslim leaders. In contrast, political turbulence due to often military coups which result in the government’s slow performance for women’s advancement combined with less support from Buddhist leaders slowed the progress of Thailand women. This paper highlights the important role of the government policy on gender equality for women’s advancement, political stability, and the role of the majority religion (Islam in Indonesia and Theravada Buddhism in Thailand) to support women's role and position in politics</em>.</p><p>Tulisan ini mengkaji aspek sejarah, budaya, politik, dan sosial perempuan Indonesia dan Thailand untuk memahami perkembangan peran dan posisi perempuan di kedua negara, terutama pada masa transisi demokrasi. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dan data melalui berbagai sumber seperti buku, dokumen, buku sejarah, dan situs web dari tahun 1970-an hingga 2000-an di Indonesia dan Thailand. Meskipun ada kesamaan dalam program pembangunan untuk mengatasi peran dan posisi perempuan sebelum demokratisasi di Indonesia dan Thailand karena keduanya berfokus pada “kepentingan gender praktis”. Menariknya, tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa selama masa transisi demokrasi peran dan posisi perempuan Indonesia dalam politik selangkah lebih maju. Hal ini disebabkan oleh stabilitas politik, komitmen pemerintah yang gigih terhadap agenda kesetaraan gender dan dukungan yang semakin besar dari para pemimpin Muslim progresif. Sebaliknya, gejolak politik akibat seringnya kudeta militer yang mengakibatkan lambatnya kinerja pemerintah untuk kemajuan perempuan ditambah dengan kurangnya dukungan para pemimpin Buddhis memperlambat kemajuan perempuan Thailand. Tulisan ini menyoroti pentingnya peran kebijakan pemerintah tentang kesetaraan gender untuk kemajuan perempuan, stabilitas politik, dan peran agama mayoritas (Islam di Indonesia dan Buddhisme Theravada di Thailand) untuk mendukung peran dan posisi perempuan dalam politik.</p>
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Sae-Eaw, Amporn, Sasichakorn Wongsaichia, Davide Giacalone, Phaninee Naruetharadhol, and Chavis Ketkaew. "Conceptualizing a Gluten-Free Instant Noodle Prototype Using Environmental Sustainability Aspects: A Cross-National Qualitative Study on Thai and Danish Consumers." Foods 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162437.
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Gluten-free food products have been developed to satisfy the needs of consumers with celiac disease. However, there has been little research on the product feature development of sustainable gluten-free instant noodles through a qualitative study to explore the customer insights related to environmental attitude and purchase decision. Using a cross-national comparative study between Thai and Danish consumers, this study aims to (1) identify the target customer segments for each country; (2) explore the target customer segments regarding behaviours, desired outcomes, and pain points; and (3) suggest gluten-free instant noodle product prototypes suitable for each country. With a qualitative interview approach, 60 target customers (30 Thai and 30 Danish) were recruited to participate in this research. In addition, a thematic analysis was undertaken to examine their behaviours, desired outcomes, and pain points toward sustainable gluten-free instant noodle products. The findings revealed that convenience-oriented customers were the target segment of gluten-free instant noodle products in Thailand. This segment primarily focused on convenience as the main reason for consuming instant noodles and had common pain points in terms of taste. In contrast, environment-oriented customers were the target customer segment in Denmark. This segment consisted primarily of young women who eat less meat and shared common pain points such as difficulty accessing more sustainable options. Hence, there is a need to educate customers in Thailand (an emerging economy) and increase their awareness regarding environmental sustainability and consumption.
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Tajziehchi, Sanaz, Abdolreza Karbassi, Gholamreza Nabi, ChangKyoo Yoo, and Pouya Ifaei. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Bakhtiari Hydropower Dam Considering the Nexus between Energy and Water." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030871.
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Hydropower stations have supplied most of the green electricity in various parts of the world. Nonetheless, the economic profit of hydro-electricity lies beyond its social costs in many cases. Despite the short-term economic benefits of large dams, their sustainable pros and cons are doubted. This study aims to investigate the long-term profitability of large hydropower stations by considering the nexus between the environmental, economic, and social aspects. Much progress has been made in simplifying feasibility studies of hydropower stations by developing comprehensive software and models according to the United Nations Sustainable development goals. Developed by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the SimPacts has become one of the most frequently-used simple models to estimate the external costs of electricity generation since 2003. Hydropower’s Environmental Costs Analysis Model (HECAM) is a popular user-friendly version of the model that includes more details for benefits estimation. In the present investigation, sedimentation and evaporation effects of constructing hydropower dams are added to previous cost estimation factors to upgrade the HECAM model to HECAM II. Bakhtiari hydropower dam (located in Lorestan province in Iran) is employed as a case study to verify the new model. The results showed that the total cost and revenue, as well as the benefit to cost ratio, were 79.13 US$/MWh, 203 US$/MWh, and 2.57, respectively. The new HECAM II model showed that the operation of Bakhtiari Dam would alleviate the socio-environmental doubts through a long-term plan in the region.
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Pigott, John D., and Nares Sattayarak. "Aspects of sedimentary basin evolution assessed through tectonic subsidence analysis. Example: northern Gulf of Thailand." Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 8, no. 1-4 (January 1993): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-9547(93)90042-n.
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Kiewnin, Kamonwan, Titaree Boontantrapiwat, Jeerapa Sosom, Mintar Hongtumrong, Anon Khunakorncharatphong, Churnrurtai Kanchanachitra, and Cha-aim Pachanee. "International Trade and Health in Thailand: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 11692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111692.
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International trade has become more complicated and is now related to more aspects of health and the health system. As Thailand is active in international trade and health, understanding what knowledge exists and determining the knowledge gap is essential for generating the necessary evidence in order to promote better understanding and allow evidence-based policy decisions to be made. This study reviewed the existence of knowledge on international trade and health issues in a scoping review, focusing on Thailand during the period 1991–2020. In total, 156 studies from seven databases and manual searching were included. Of these, 46% were related to trade in health services and 39% were linked to intellectual property, particularly access to medicines. This review found only a very small amount of research on other issues and did not identify any study on trade policies or products related to health and international trade and the environment. We therefore recommend that further studies should be carried out to provide more critical evidence—in particular, more research focusing on the impacts of trade on health-related goods and the analysis of the positive and negative impacts of international trade on industry is needed. Furthermore, better knowledge management through the publication of research findings and making them searchable on international databases will increase the visibility of international trade, increase our knowledge of health issues, and provide supporting evidence.
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Sony, Alisa, and David Ferguson. "Unlocking consumers’ environmental value orientations and green lifestyle behaviors." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-03-2016-0030.
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Purpose As consumers’ needs and wants are often reflected in their thoughts and behaviors, the purpose of this paper is to seek to understand Thai consumers’ environmental value orientations and green lifestyle behaviors. Additionally, this study explores whether a notable relationship was specifically formed between the devastating impacts of the 2011 floods on the consumers’ lives and their environmental value and green lifestyle behavior. Design/methodology/approach A consumer survey was conducted across Bangkok during the first two weeks of May 2012, following a seven-month nationwide flooding within Thailand, which lasted between July 2011 and January 2012. Findings Thai consumers demonstrate high environmental value, which is predominantly motivated by egoistic and biospheric-based values. Nevertheless, they exhibit low levels of green lifestyle behaviors. In addition, only a low positive relationship appears to exist between consumers’ environmental value and their green lifestyle behavior. Moreover, the Thai consumers’ green lifestyle behavior is mainly driven by their egoistic and social-altruistic values. Surprisingly, no distinctive positive relationship was detected between the effects of the 2011 Thailand floods on consumers’ lives and their environmental value or green lifestyle behavior. Originality/value Firms are encouraged to capitalize on Thai consumers’ egoistic and biospheric values when seeking to raise their environmental awareness. To encourage green lifestyle behavior responses, however, firms should emphasize egoistic and social-altruistic values. Furthermore, firms are encouraged to incorporate recycling aspects as notable features within their green offerings. Firms are to be discouraged, however, from specifically using natural disaster concern appeals when seeking to explicitly stimulate Thai consumers to think or act greener.
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Iamtrakul, Pawinee, and Sararad Chayphong. "The perception of Pathumthani residents toward its environmental quality, suburban area of Thailand." Geographica Pannonica 25, no. 2 (2021): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp25-30436.
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The urbanization process is often concentrated mostly in urban areas, resulting into urban development sprawl. This has effects on the lifestyles and activities of urban people, which in turn significantly affects the health of the city. The quality of the urban environment plays an important role in public health with respect to urban issues ranging from quality of utilities and services to quality of life. This study aims to study the perception of Pathumthani residents toward its environmental quality through spatial cluster analysis. A total of 1,000 sets of data collected from the interview survey among residents or commuters traveling through Pathumthani province was used for this study. The residents' response towards environmental factors was examined through the classification of their different opinions among built environment and health aspects. The statistical analysis which was performed in this study was cluster analysis to demonstrate its relationship. With the level of satisfaction on environment aspect and health status in indicating number of congenital diseases, the result of this study found that condition of living environment (through Likert scale) affects the urban health with statistical significance of (P <0.05). Therefore, provincial health policy should focus more on developing a healthy city in consistence with economic and social development while putting adequate mechanisms for environmental surveillance monitoring at the community level. The result of study can confirm the usefulness of this unconventional approach by asking residents or commuters about their satisfaction on built environment which can represent as an evidence-based planning approach by linking local people attitudes and translating them into creating liveable and better urban environmental quality. To have a good understanding of local people preferences, the recommendation to be given to the capacity of communities can be focused for improving people's quality of life by providing better accessibility, high quality of infrastructures and services. Finally, a set of features of satisfied built environment can help to support the continued growth of the city in term of basic need and sufficiency provision of facility and utility system.
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Islam, Md Shafiqul, Han Antonius Heijnen, Deepthi Sumanasekera, Vivien Walden, Michel Roulet, and Abdul Sattar Yoosuf. "Panel 2.8: Water, Sanitation, Food Safety, and Environmental Health." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 6 (December 2005): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003034.
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AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion by the panel that addressed issues with Water, Sanitation, Food Safety, and Environmental Health during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to water, sanitation, food safety, and environmental health as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) needs assessments; (2) institutional capacity and coordination; (3) what was done wel well, and what could have been done better?; and (4) capacity building and preparedness. Topics discussed in the needs assessment section included: (1) water supply; (2) hygiene; and (3) lessons learned. Topics discussed realated to capacity building and preparedness included: (1) waste and vector-bor borne diseases; (2) food safety; (3) nutrition; and (4) environmental health.
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Tavares, Cláudio, Eneida M. Eskinazi-Sant’Anna, Yuri A. Figueiredo, Hernani A. Almeida, and Mariangela G. P. Leite. "Changes in the hydro-sedimentary balance: Impacts of the use of a borrow pit in a low-order stream." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): e0255432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255432.
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Construction of dams for hydroelectric power requires significant quantities of soil and rock, which are often extracted in borrow pits from adjacent regions. Although the effects of dams on stream processes has received significant attention, the effects of borrow pits has not. The main objective of this study was to analyze the geomorphological and sedimentological aspects of two second-order streams, one of which was directly affected by the borrow pit located upstream of its source (Pedra Branca stream). Flow rates were measured and cross-sections of 600m stretches in both streams were monitored over a hydrological year. At the same time, sediments from the bed of the channels and soils on their banks had their physical and chemical characteristics evaluated. Streams sediments differed in their chemical and organic matter composition. The mean particle size of the sediment particles was different between the reference and degraded streams. The water flow was very similar to both streams, only varying along the seasonal seasons. However, the fluvial channels presented great geomorphological differentiation, mainly downstream, due to the location of the Pedra Branca stream and its proximity to the borrow pit. Despite the great importance for the production of clean electric energy, the construction of hydroelectric plants promotes persistent impacts that affect structural and functional aspects of the adjacent aquatic habitats. Borrow pits used for the construction of projects become large sources of sediment for aquatic environments, affecting the drainage network of the hydrographic basin and the balance of river erosion, transport and deposition processes. The results show the need to review the intervention protocols in borrow pits and the environmental legislation that regulates their rehabilitation.
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Gillette, Ross, Michelle Dias, Michael P. Reilly, Lindsay M. Thompson, Norma J. Castillo, Erin L. Vasquez, David Crews, and Andrea C. Gore. "Two Hits of EDCs Three Generations Apart: Effects on Social Behaviors in Rats, and Analysis by Machine Learning." Toxics 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010030.
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All individuals are directly exposed to extant environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and indirectly exposed through transgenerational inheritance from our ancestors. Although direct and ancestral exposures can each lead to deficits in behaviors, their interactions are not known. Here we focused on social behaviors based on evidence of their vulnerability to direct or ancestral exposures, together with their importance in reproduction and survival of a species. Using a novel “two hits, three generations apart” experimental rat model, we investigated interactions of two classes of EDCs across six generations. PCBs (a weakly estrogenic mixture Aroclor 1221, 1 mg/kg), Vinclozolin (antiandrogenic, 1 mg/kg) or vehicle (6% DMSO in sesame oil) were administered to pregnant rat dams (F0) to directly expose the F1 generation, with subsequent breeding through paternal or maternal lines. A second EDC hit was given to F3 dams, thereby exposing the F4 generation, with breeding through the F6 generation. Approximately 1200 male and female rats from F1, F3, F4 and F6 generations were run through tests of sociability and social novelty as indices of social preference. We leveraged machine learning using DeepLabCut to analyze nuanced social behaviors such as nose touching with accuracy similar to a human scorer. Surprisingly, social behaviors were affected in ancestrally exposed but not directly exposed individuals, particularly females from a paternally exposed breeding lineage. Effects varied by EDC: Vinclozolin affected aspects of behavior in the F3 generation while PCBs affected both the F3 and F6 generations. Taken together, our data suggest that specific aspects of behavior are particularly vulnerable to heritable ancestral exposure of EDC contamination, that there are sex differences, and that lineage is a key factor in transgenerational outcomes.
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Riratanaphong, Chaiwat, and Pongkorn Jermsiriwattana. "The prioritisation and satisfaction on Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability criteria." Facilities 37, no. 13/14 (October 7, 2019): 1104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-12-2017-0119.
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Purpose The environmental performance of buildings can be measured by using an existing green building indicator system. In Thailand, the Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability (TREES) has been applied to 70 buildings including condominiums. It is important to collect feedback from stakeholders to identify the criteria of green features that respond to the expectation of condominium’s potential buyers as well as the satisfaction of current occupants. This paper aims to examine prioritised aspects from potential buyers and occupant satisfaction of the TREES criteria in the case study, a green condominium in Bangkok, Thailand. Design/methodology/approach The case study was conducted at IDEO Mobi Sathorn in Bangkok, the only condominium certified with the TREES system so far. Research methods include interviews, observations, document analysis and the surveys from the condominium’s potential buyers and current occupants. Findings The findings indicate that the condominium’s potential buyers are more concerned about site and landscape, indoor environmental quality and energy and atmosphere, whereas the current occupants are more satisfied about water conservation, site and landscape and energy and atmosphere in comparison with the other TREES criteria. Despite the provision of green features in the condominium, occupants are less satisfied about green innovation as showed in the least satisfied percentage of TREES criteria. In Facilities Management perspective, the paper shows connections between TREES criteria and FM functions in multi-unit residential project. The findings show that the application of TREES criteria focuses on the provision of value in FM, whereas stakeholder perceptions regarding the TREES criteria contribute to the perception of value in FM. Practical implications The findings and reflections upon the finding can help to understand the impact of green building aspects of the TREES system on perceptions of different stakeholders, that is, potential buyers and current occupants of the condominium. Recommendations for real estate developers and facilities managers regarding the development of green building concept on the TREES system are provided. Originality/value There has been no prior research in this area. The paper provides better understanding with regard to prioritised aspects from the potential buyers and occupant satisfaction of TREES criteria in Bangkok green condominium. This paper provides empirical data regarding stakeholder perception on TREES criteria that can be used to compare with similar data of the TREES-certified condominiums when they are available in the future.
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Ungwanitban, Jidapa, Tabish Nawab, and Syed Moin-ud-Din Shah. "An Application of Quadratic EKC model: Energy Use, Economic Development, and Environmental Quality for Thailand." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2020.0102.0010.
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This study examines the validation the relationship of environmental and energy for Thailand. Further this study examined the impact of economic growth, non-renewable and renewable energy and FDI on environment, with the help of time series data from 1990 to 2018 with ecological damage indicator, i.e., emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). This study applied Autoregressive (ARDL) Distributed Lag model for testing the cointegration in the model. In the long run, the results of this study confirm the existence of cointegration in the model. However, the negative effect of growth on the environment confirms the existence of the Kuznets Environmental Curve (EKC), which means that economic growth harms Thailand’s environment. Renewable energy and foreign direct investment are the key aspects that reduce environmental degradation in Thailand during the study period. Therefore, the government must redouble its efforts to reduce carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, perhaps through regulatory intervention or mandatory renewable energy applications for individual household and industrial segments. For example, the manufacturing sectors, iron, and steel must prioritize, reducing the high non-renewable energy consumption for those which are renewable. The government must introduce specific measures and campaigns for environmental protection for future generations as well as introduce taxes for polluters. Another relevant recommendation is to create an industry that relies on low energy consumption compared to high productivity levels.
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Ngoc Bao, Pham, Bijon Kumer Mitra, and Tetsuo Kuyama. "Integrated Approach for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong River Basin." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n1p60.
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This paper analyses roles of integrated approach to establish a regional mechanism for sustainable hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin. Based on a critical review of the current trend of hydropower development, it argued that existing approach of uncoordinated Mekong mainstream hydropower development cannot ensure sustainable development; rather it causes negative impacts on food security, livelihoods, biodiversity, and ecosystem across the river basin, especially countries in Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), including Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As a result, it fails to bring positive net benefits at both national and regional level. Specifically, if all proposed mainstream dams are constructed and fully operated, Lao PDR is the only economically winner of billions USD after 20 years, while Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam are losers, and total net value will be minus 275 billion USD. Early recognition of the “nexus” interactions amongst hydropower development and cross-border food security, water security and livelihoods can minimise the risk of diplomatic conflicts and social unrest, and is only enabled when member states are willing to divert high-level government priorities from national interests to transboundary interests, as implementing the nexus approach throughout the river basin could contribute to reducing trade-offs between hydropower development and basin-wide socio-economy, and increase synergies through implementation of benefit-sharing mechanisms towards a win-win outcome. It recommends strengthening the Mekong River Commission via bolstered resources and coordinating authority, and encourages China to participate as a full member. It also argues that transboundary Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) of river projects should be conducted to reflect the synergic and trade-off nexus effect across the whole river basin.