Academic literature on the topic 'Dams - environmental aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dams - environmental aspects"
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Mayoral, Juan M., and Miguel P. Romo. "Geo-Seismic Environmental Aspects Affecting Tailings Dams Failures." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2008.212.222.
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Pacheco, Admilson Da Penha, Renato Filipe Faria Henriques, and Paulo Marcelo Vieira Ribeiro. "Technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil: a theoretical approach." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2552.
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The safety of a dam is the result of a series of factors, including structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, operational and environmental aspects. In Brazil, Law No. 12.334 of September 2010 establishes the National Dam Safety Policy, which requires safety reports and monitoring inspections for existing dams. The inspection comprises a set of devices installed on the dam, which are used to assess the structural behavior based on performance parameters of the structure, such as displacements, flows, stresses, slopes and others. Dam auscultation procedures, historically, have been performed since the 1950s. Since then, there have been significant advances in instrumentation and dam auscultation methods. This work presents a theoretical approach on technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil, based on a state-of-the-art literature review, involving auscultation of dams in the context of design codes, concepts, instrumentation, safety, procedures and monitoring methods.
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Imhoff, K. R. "Dams and the Environment." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0068.
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Reservoirs and environment interrelate with each other. The design interferes with given structures and uses. There are influences on flora and fauna. New demands are created. The different aspects are dealt with. Solutions are presented.
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Ossowski, Rafał. "Environmental Aspects of Coastal Earth Structures Made of Soil-Ash Composites." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0035.
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Abstract This paper presents an innovative technology of building the coastal dams with the use of soil-ash composites. A natural- scale test stand and results of the performed environmental tests are presented; they have been compared with standards for purity of soils and waters. Also, an analysis of the obtained results and discussion of trends and anomalies in the observations, are given.
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Gu, Hao, Xiao Fu, Yantao Zhu, Yijun Chen, and Lixian Huang. "Analysis of Social and Environmental Impact of Earth-Rock Dam Breaks Based on a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156239.
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A large proportion of the dams in China are earth-rock dams. Regarding the well-studied loss of life and economic consequences due to dam breaks, this paper introduces the causes and modes of earth-rock dam breaks and the corresponding dam-break losses in terms of the social and environmental aspects. This study formulates the evaluation index system and criteria of earth-rock dam breaks’ impact on society and the environment based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that the evaluation grade of the social and environmental impact of the dam break of the Liujiatai Reservoir was “serious”. Therefore, similar dams in China should take corresponding measures in advance to reduce the social and environmental impact of earth-rock dam breaks.
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Grünwald, Richard, Wenling Wang, and Yan Feng. "Politicization of the Hydropower Dams in the Lancang-Mekong Basin: A Review of Contemporary Environmental Challenges." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051682.
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To date, hydropower dams raise numerous interpretations about their impact on the Lancang-Mekong River. While most research studies analyze the negative aspects of hydropower development on people’s livelihoods and local environments, the hydropower sector was historically one of the most iconic economic segments facilitating transboundary water cooperation for decades. By using the constructive discourse analysis and critical political ecology approach, the presented text (1) outlines the current environmental narratives over the Lancang-Mekong hydropower development and (2) explores the politicization of the Chinese mainstream dams. The data were collected upon the multi-level content analysis of relevant sources and double-checked with the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database (LMCCD) monitoring over 4000 water-related events among six riparian countries between 1990 and 2021. Our data show that (i) there is a stark contrast in positive and negative narratives over the rapid hydropower development, (ii) the impact of mainstream dams on the river is more often discussed than that of tributary dams, (iii) implications of the hydropower dams are often interpreted upon the non-traditional research inputs rather than widely accepted studies, and (iv) developing the contradictory arguments through social and public media contributes to greater polarization of the multi-stakeholders’ viewpoints in the accountable research dialogue.
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Cacciuttolo, Carlos, Alvar Pastor, Patricio Valderrama, and Edison Atencio. "Process Water Management and Seepage Control in Tailings Storage Facilities: Engineered Environmental Solutions Applied in Chile and Peru." Water 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010196.
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In the past thirty years many mining projects in Chile and Peru have used: (i) polymeric geomembranes and (ii) design-and-build cutoff trenches, plastic concrete slurry walls, and grout curtain systems to control seepage at tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Geosynthetics are a viable alternative at a TSF dam for clay cores or impermeable materials, mainly because of their marked advantages in cost, installation, and construction time. This article describes the use of geosynthetics liners and cutoff trench–plastic concrete slurry walls–grout curtain systems in TSF dams in Chile and Peru mining, with the objective to decrease seepage to the environment, considering different dam material cases such as: cycloned tailings sand dams, borrow dams, and mine waste rock dams. Finally, this article discusses aspects of geosynthetic technology acceptance in the local regulatory frameworks, lessons learned, and advances. It focuses on the use and implementation of geosynthetics in TSFs in Chile and Peru, which have some of the highest TSF dams in the world, as well as a wet environment, dry environment, extreme topography, and severe seismic conditions. These conditions constitute a challenge for manufacturers, engineers, and contractors, who must achieve optimal technical solutions, while being environmentally aware and economic.
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Cota, Guilherme Eduardo Macedo, Nayara Mariana Gonzaga Rosa, Camila Esteves Romeiro, Izabela Aparecida da Silva Mendes, and Antônio Pereira Magalhães Júnior. "ASPECTOS LEGAIS DA SEGURANÇA DE BARRAGENS DE REJEITO DE MINÉRIO: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL E USOS MÚLTIPLOS DA ÁGUA NO ALTO RIO DAS VELHAS (MG)." GEOgraphia 21, no. 45 (June 7, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2019.v21i45.a14478.
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: A construção de barramentos para a contenção de rejeitos provenientes da exploração mineral é uma prática comum em Minas Gerais, principalmente no Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Os riscos ambientais associados ao colapso destas estruturas favoreceram a elaboração de parâmetros legais que regulam as barragens de rejeito de minério no Brasil, estabelecidos através da Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens e do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Segurança de Barragens. A bacia do Alto Rio das Velhas está totalmente inserida no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, onde a mineração se sobressai em diferentes contextos de uso e ocupação do solo no entorno dos cursos d’água. Deste modo, destaca-se a importância da realização de estudos que abordem os aspectos e instrumentos legais tocantes à segurança de barragens de rejeitos, fomentando reflexões acerca das implicações e dos riscos inerentes à instalação e à manutenção deste tipo de estrutura na região. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta um panorama dos aspectos jurídicos, legais e administrativos que envolvem a segurança de barragens de rejeito de minério instaladas na região do Alto Rio das Velhas e faz uma reflexão sobre o seu contexto espacial, apontando os problemas, riscos e consequências para a qualidade ambiental e a manutenção de usos múltiplos da água na bacia.Palavras-chave: Mineração. Riscos ambientais. Quadrilátero Ferrífero. LEGAL ASPECTS ON SAFETY OF MINING REJECT DAMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND MULTIPLE WATER USES IN THE UPPER RIO DAS VELHAS BASIN (MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL)Abstract: The construction of dams to store and contain mineral tailings is a common practice in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, mainly in the so-called “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” geological region (iron quadrangle). The environmental risks associated with the collapse of these structures favored the elaboration of legal parameters that regulate this sector in Brazil. These parameters are established through the national policy on dam’s safety and the national information system on dam’s safety. The Alto Rio das Velhas basin is totally inserted in the “Quadrilátero Ferrífero”, where mining excels in different contexts of land use and occupation around the water courses. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies that address the legal aspects and instruments related to the safety of mining tailings dams, motivating reflections about the implications and risks inherent to the their installation and maintenance in the region. In this sense, this article presents an overview of the juridical, legal and administrative aspects that involve the safety of mining tailings dams installed in the region and reflects on their spatial context, pointing out the problems, risks and consequences for environmental quality around maintaining commitment of water multiple uses in the basin.Keywords: Mining. Environmental risks. “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” (iron quadrangle).
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LETURCQ, GUILLAUME. "DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0254r1v1922016.
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Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.
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Veronez, Diego Velloso, Karina Camasmie Abe, and Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia. "Health Impact Assessment of the construction of hydroelectric dams in Brazil." Chronicles of Health Impact Assessment 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21777.
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Background: Brazil´s dam-building plans in Amazonia imply substantial environmental and social impacts. This study evaluates the relationship between social, environmental, and economic aspects and impacts on the health status of the population of Rondônia, Brazil, due to the implementation of the Jirau and Santo Antônio hydroelectric dams. Methods: A qualitative and retrospective Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is used to focus the study objectives. The information is arranged in a structured diagram that enables an outside reviewer to assess the aspects/impacts relationship derived from the construction of the dams. This comes with outline recommendations for health risk management that can orient national health authorities. We selected a narrative review synthesis as the most appropriate approach for the study. Results: The diagram network was built making it possible to analyse the impact changes caused by this enterprise in the health sector. Additionally, the model will serve in the implementation of a complete HIA approach in an attempt to quantitatively map the impacts and to propose recommendations. Conclusion: This effort is very important for highlighting the priorities in the public policy decision-making process, serving as a basis for the Brazilian Health System.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dams - environmental aspects"
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Chan, Ho-ying, and 陳可盈. "Assess the environmental and social sustainability of the Three GorgesDam project." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29806264.
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Foran, Tira. "Rivers of contention : Pak Mun Dam, electricity planning, and state-society relations in Thailand, 1932-2004." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1984.
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This study investigates how actions – especially narratives and claims – of civil society advocates influenced electricity generation planning and hydropower project implementation, in the context of a democratising authoritarian state. To pursue this research agenda, I use a critical realist philosophy of science to ground a conceptual framework whose fundamental components consist of institutions, interests, and discourses. The research presents three case studies from Thailand, a nation-state with distinct authoritarian legacies, as well as significant economic and political dynamism in the late 20th century. The cases step from macro to micro levels of analysis: (1) Electricity generation planning: an overview and critique of the social construction of peak power demand and supply options in Thailand, 1960s–2004. I focus on the rise of energy conservation advocacy in the early 1990s, and the rise of more confrontational energy activism in the late 1990s; (2) Pak Mun Dam: contention between EGAT, anti-dam villagers, and other state and civil society actors, 1989–2003; (3) Pak Mun Dam: analysis of how knowledge discourses shaped debates over fisheries and local livelihoods in the lower Mun river basin, 1999–2004. I pursue these cases in the larger context of Thai state–society relations, 1932–early 2000s: from the Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) and its founders’ increasingly authoritarian struggles to shape the state; through to the rise of civil society in the Indochina-war era; through the emergence of parliamentary politics and NGO evolution in the 1980s and early 1990s; to the Thai Rak Thai “money politics” party that emerged in 1998. Specific research questions focus on patterns and outcomes of state–society interaction, the role of lay and expert knowledge discourses in structuring conflict, and plausible causal connections between outcomes and concepts used in the conceptual framework. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2001 and 2005, with 18 months of intensive work concentrated in 2002 and 2004. Recurrent procedures consisted of collecting policy narratives and arguments and re-constructing actors’ interests (including those of leaders in organizations) via participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis. The thesis argues that anti-dam advocates influenced project implementation practices at Pak Mun Dam by forming social change networks, gaining contingent recognition as new political actors. Through innovative and disruptive action, through claims for transparency and justice, through mass performances of worthiness, unity, and commitment, and through the production of local knowledge, they helped set agendas. They triggered elite intervention, as well as reactive counter-mobilization and occasional violence. The escalation of uncertainty from unintended outcomes challenged elites – aided by deliberative exchanges – to reconsider unfavourable decisions, to reconsider their preferences, and to make concessions. At the same time, a number of events made the Assembly of the Poor, the main anti-dam movement organization, vulnerable to destabilizing action at the local and national levels. These include: the formation of competitive organizations in the lower Mun basin; complex and intractable issues (such as multiple rounds of compensation); and inability to take credit for championing the interests of vulnerable small farmers. Destabilizing interactions occurred particularly in the restricted media space of the post-financial and economic crisis years. Populist platforms put forward by Thai Rak Thai and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra pre-empted the AOP’s influence. Sustainable energy advocates influenced practices of power system planning by teaching new techniques of energy conservation, and diffusing new norms. In the recent period, however, as some of them engaged in more contentious interaction, such as intervening in conflicts over new coal and hydroelectric power plants (in southern Thailand and Laos respectively) they disrupted dominant rationalities, and found themselves confronting some of the same core practices of a power-wielding bureaucracy and an authoritarian state, namely rhetorical strategies that police the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. The thesis, intended to contribute to social science methodology and theory, concludes with a critical appraisal of the conceptual framework. I suggest new research agendas for analysts interested in mechanisms of civil society advocacy in the context of democratising states.
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Foran, Tira. "Rivers of contention : Pak Mun Dam, electricity planning, and state-society relations in Thailand, 1932-2004." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1984.
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PhDThis study investigates how actions – especially narratives and claims – of civil society advocates influenced electricity generation planning and hydropower project implementation, in the context of a democratising authoritarian state. To pursue this research agenda, I use a critical realist philosophy of science to ground a conceptual framework whose fundamental components consist of institutions, interests, and discourses. The research presents three case studies from Thailand, a nation-state with distinct authoritarian legacies, as well as significant economic and political dynamism in the late 20th century. The cases step from macro to micro levels of analysis: (1) Electricity generation planning: an overview and critique of the social construction of peak power demand and supply options in Thailand, 1960s–2004. I focus on the rise of energy conservation advocacy in the early 1990s, and the rise of more confrontational energy activism in the late 1990s; (2) Pak Mun Dam: contention between EGAT, anti-dam villagers, and other state and civil society actors, 1989–2003; (3) Pak Mun Dam: analysis of how knowledge discourses shaped debates over fisheries and local livelihoods in the lower Mun river basin, 1999–2004. I pursue these cases in the larger context of Thai state–society relations, 1932–early 2000s: from the Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) and its founders’ increasingly authoritarian struggles to shape the state; through to the rise of civil society in the Indochina-war era; through the emergence of parliamentary politics and NGO evolution in the 1980s and early 1990s; to the Thai Rak Thai “money politics” party that emerged in 1998. Specific research questions focus on patterns and outcomes of state–society interaction, the role of lay and expert knowledge discourses in structuring conflict, and plausible causal connections between outcomes and concepts used in the conceptual framework. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2001 and 2005, with 18 months of intensive work concentrated in 2002 and 2004. Recurrent procedures consisted of collecting policy narratives and arguments and re-constructing actors’ interests (including those of leaders in organizations) via participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis. The thesis argues that anti-dam advocates influenced project implementation practices at Pak Mun Dam by forming social change networks, gaining contingent recognition as new political actors. Through innovative and disruptive action, through claims for transparency and justice, through mass performances of worthiness, unity, and commitment, and through the production of local knowledge, they helped set agendas. They triggered elite intervention, as well as reactive counter-mobilization and occasional violence. The escalation of uncertainty from unintended outcomes challenged elites – aided by deliberative exchanges – to reconsider unfavourable decisions, to reconsider their preferences, and to make concessions. At the same time, a number of events made the Assembly of the Poor, the main anti-dam movement organization, vulnerable to destabilizing action at the local and national levels. These include: the formation of competitive organizations in the lower Mun basin; complex and intractable issues (such as multiple rounds of compensation); and inability to take credit for championing the interests of vulnerable small farmers. Destabilizing interactions occurred particularly in the restricted media space of the post-financial and economic crisis years. Populist platforms put forward by Thai Rak Thai and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra pre-empted the AOP’s influence. Sustainable energy advocates influenced practices of power system planning by teaching new techniques of energy conservation, and diffusing new norms. In the recent period, however, as some of them engaged in more contentious interaction, such as intervening in conflicts over new coal and hydroelectric power plants (in southern Thailand and Laos respectively) they disrupted dominant rationalities, and found themselves confronting some of the same core practices of a power-wielding bureaucracy and an authoritarian state, namely rhetorical strategies that police the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. The thesis, intended to contribute to social science methodology and theory, concludes with a critical appraisal of the conceptual framework. I suggest new research agendas for analysts interested in mechanisms of civil society advocacy in the context of democratising states.
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Scovill, Georgia Lynn 1962. "Tailings pond seepage and sulfate equilibrium in the Pima mining district, Pima County, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276684.
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Mining activity is suspected of contributing sulfate and total dissolved solids (TDS) to ground water downgradient of the Pima mining district. High ionic concentrations in tailing impoundments suggest that tailings-pond recharge may be a source of the contamination. Experiments indicated that sulfate is not significantly produced by inorganic sulfide oxidation in the tailings ponds. Tailings pond water chemistries were compared with historical water quality analyses in the Pima district. The U.S.G.S. computer program PHREEQE modeled saturation indices for anhydrite, calcite, fluorite, and gypsum in water chemistries throughout the study area. Well water downgradient of the mines had lower saturation indices than tailings pond water which discredits the claim that tailings-pond recharge is acquiring salts as it percolates to the aquifer. Evidence supports the opinion that tailings pond seepage is contributing to the sulfate and TDS content in ground water downgradient of the ponds.
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Beck, Julia S. (Julia Samantha). "Downstream changes in river morphology as a result of dam developments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52243.
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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A dam can have a significant impact on the downstream river morphology by altering both the flow regime and the sediment load. The effect of a dam is dependent on factors such as the storage capacity relative to the mean annual runoff (MAR), the operation of the reservoir and the sediment yield of the catchment. Changes in the river morphology include the degradation and coarsening of the riverbed, generally closer to the dam, and aggradation further downstream where the sediment delivered by tributaries cannot be carried through because of the reduced sediment transport capacity of the river. The impact of a dam can stretch over several hundreds of kilometres. The main objective of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the impacts that dams can have on the downstream river morphology. This was done by developing equations that can describe the channel geometry, investigating the effect of the presence of clay and silt on the sediment transport behaviour of sediments, as well as detailed evaluation of simulations carried out with a one-dimensional mathematical river model (MIKE 11). The calibrated regime equations were found to be comparable to other internationally developed regime equations and to be suitable for natural rivers. It was found, however, that these regime equations are not applicable to rivers downstream of dams that have highly unnatural release patterns. Further research is needed in this regard. By investigating the effect of cohesive sediments on the sediment transport behaviour of mixed sediments it was found that as little as 7% clay and silt in the bed could affect their sediment transport characteristics. A methodology was also developed by which the critical conditions for mass erosion of cohesive sediments can be described in terms of the applied stream power. Sediment transport equations were calibrated and verified in terms of the unit input stream power for fine and non-cohesivesediments. The sediment transport equation for fine sediments was implemented in MIKE 11. The simulations over a 40 km reach of the Pongola River downstream of Pongolapoort Dam, have shown that even when a large demand is placed on the stored water, and most of the smaller floods are therefore absorbed by the dam, the downstream impact can still be considerable, with as much as 5 m deep erosion in places. The sediment loads are generally reduced (by as much as 35%), but the effective catchment area downstream of the dam has been reduced by as much as 90%, indicating that substantial erosion had to have taken place in the river. Coarsening of the riverbed was also observed during the simulations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Dam kan 'n aansienlike impak he op die riviermorfologie stroomaf daarvan, deurdat dit beide die vloei en sedimentlading drasties kan verander. Die effek van 'n dam hang van verskeie faktore af, soos die opgaarkapasiteit in vergelyking met die gemiddelde jaarlikse afloop (GJA), die bestuur van die dam en die sedimentlewering van die opvanggebied. Veranderings in die riviermorfologie behels die degradering van die rivierbed, sowel as die uitspoel van fyn materiaal uit die rivierbed, veral nader aan die dam. Deponering vind verder stroomaf van die dam plaas, waar die sediment wat deur die sytakke ingevoer word nie deurgevoer kan word nie, weens die verlaagde sedimentdravermoe van die rivier. Sodoende kan rivierlope oor honderde kilometers deur 'n dam bemvloed word. Die hoofdoel van die tesis was om meer insig te verkry oor die impak wat damme op die stroomaf riviermorfologie kan he. Derhalwe is vergelykings ontwikkel wat die riviermorfologie kan beskryf. Die effek van die teenwoordigheid van klei en slik op die sedimentvervoer-eienskappe is ondersoek, en gedetaileerde ontledings is met 'n een-dimensionele wiskundige riviermodel (MIKE 11) is gedoen. Daar is bevind dat die regime-formules goed vergelyk met ander intemasionaalontwikkelde formules en dat hulle geskik is vir toepassing op natuurlike riviere. Daar is egter gevind dat die formules nie geskik is vir riviere wat stroomaf Ie van damme wat hoogs onnatuurlike loslatings het nie. Verdere navorsing is op hierdie gebied nodig. Ondersoek na die effek wat klei en slik op die sedimentdravermoe het, het getoon dat slegs 7% klei en slik in die rivierbed die sedimentvervoer-eienskappe van mengsels van fyn en growwe materiaal kan bemvloed. 'n Metode is ontwikkel waarmee die kritiese toestande vir massa-erosie van kohesiewe sediment beskryfkan word in terme van die aangewende stroomdrywing teen die bed. 'n Sedimentvervoer-vergelyking in terme van die eenheids-insetstroomdrywing vir fyn en nie-kohesiewe sedimente is gekalibreer en geverifieer. Die nuwe sedimentvervoer-vergelyking vir fyn sedimente is gebruik in die MIKE 11 simulasies. Hierdie simulasies oor 'n 40 km loop van die Pongolarivier stroomaf van Pongolapoort Dam, het getoon dat selfs as daar 'n groot aanvraag op 'n dam se water geplaas word, en gevolglik meeste van die kleiner vloede deur die dam geabsorbeer word, die impak van die dam nogs steeds aansienlik kan wees, met soveel as 5 m diep uitskuring in plekke. Die sedimentladings het gewoonlik verminder (met soveel as 35%), maar die die effektiewe opvanggebiedarea stroomafvan die dam het met meer as 90% verminder, wat daarop dui dat daar aansienlike erodering in die rivier plaasgevind het. Die simulasies het ook getoon dat die hoeveelheid fyn materiaal in die rivierbed verminder het.
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Muir, William Douglas. "Macroinvertebrate drift abundance below Bonneville Dam and its relation to juvenile salmonid food habits." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4108.
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There is a paucity of information concerning the invertebrate food resources available to juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River as they migrate seaward. Construction of mainstream dams has altered the temperature cycle, flow regime, and substrate which indigenous invertebrates were adapted to. Studies on how the macroinvertebrate community has adapted to these alterations have been neglected. This study was undertaken to help fill this void.
Macroinvertebrate drift samples were collected over a three year period in the Columbia . River downstream from Bonneville Dam. Samples were collected with a D-ring plankton net fished on the bottom for one-half hour. Two sites were sampled; Ives Island (RKM 230), from 1987 through 1989, and Lady Island (RKM 193), in 1988 and 1989.
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Kime, Robyn Laura. "A two-dimensional numerical model for the investigation of the effects of dams on the Zambezi River Delta." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86402.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Zambezi River is the largest east-draining river in Africa. It captures runoff from 8 different countries before draining into the Indian Ocean in Mozambique through the Zambezi Delta which is recognised as a (Ramsar) Wetland of international importance. The Zambezi River flows are currently regulated by four large hydropower dams within its catchment. Much attention has been given in recent literature to the detrimental effects of the altered flow regime as a result of dams on the Zambezi River and the Delta in particular. Existing research relating to these negative effects includes many detailed ecological, hydrological and qualitative morphological studies but to date no detailed morphological modelling studies have been conducted in this regard. In this thesis a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and morphological numerical model of the Zambezi Delta is created using topographical information obtained from a navigational study (Rio Tinto, 2011). The model hydrodynamics are calibrated using recorded water levels and flows at two gauging stations within the model domain. The bed load sediment transport is calibrated using field measurements (ASP, 2012b). The effects of dams on the Zambezi Delta are investigated by performing two 10 year simulations, one representing the current (post-dam) scenario and the other representing a pre-dam scenario. These simulation results show a significant decrease in flooded areas and sediment movement on the floodplains as a result of dams. Additional effects on channel widths and depth, on bed gradings, and on tidal water level variations are analysed. The model is then used to simulate a proposed environmental flood release scenario. Such releases have been recommended as a means to partially mitigate the negative impacts of dams on the Zambezi River. In this case an annual flood release supplying a peak flow of 8500 m3/s (slightly less than the pre-dam mean annual flood of 10 000 m3/s) was found to cause slightly more flooding of the close floodplains and to have small effects on the river channel width. The model predicts hydrodynamics and bed sediment transport of non-cohesive sediments with suitable accuracy but an issue with the suspended transport of cohesive sediments was identified. Recommendations are made for addressing the suspended sediment transport inaccuracy. The model, in its current form, can provide quantitative information regarding the hydrodynamics and course sediment transport of the general delta region on a coarse scale. With additional computational resources and accurate topographical information the model can be refined to give accurate predictions for localised areas within the delta. Such information would be valuable to specialist studies addressing the environmental effects of various proposed flooding scenarios or future dams.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Zambezirivier is die grootste oos-dreineerende rivier in Afrika. Dit ontvang afloop van ag verskillende lande voor dit in die Indiese Oseaan in Mozambiek uitmond. Die Zambezidelta work erken as 'n RAMSAR vleiland van internasionale belang. Die vloei in die rivier word tans gereguleer deur vier groot hidro-elektriese damme binne sy opvangsgebied. Baie aandag is in die onlangse literatuur gegee aan die nadelige gevolge van die veranderde vloei as gevolg van damme op die Zambezi Rivier en spesifiek op die Delta. Bestaande navorsing met betrekking tot hierdie negatiewe effekte sluit in detail ekologiese, hidrologiese en kwalitatiewe morfologiese studies, maar tot op datum is geen gedetailleerde morfologiese modelleringstudies gedoen nie. In hierdie tesis is 'n twee-dimensionele gekoppelde hidrodinamiese en morfologiese numeriese model van die Zambezi Delta geskep met behulp van topografiese inligting wat verkry is uit 'n navigasiestudie (Rio Tinto, 2011). Die model hidrodinamika is gekalibreer deur teen watervlakke en vloei by twee meetstasies in die model domein. Die bedvrag sedimentvervoer is gekalibreer met behulp van veldmetings (ASP, 2012b). Die ȉnvloed van die damme op die Zambezi Delta is ondersoek deur twee 10-jarige simulasies, een wat die huidige ( na-dam ) scenario en die ander wat 'n voor-dam scenario ondersoek. Hierdie simulasie resultate toon 'n beduidende afname in die oorstroomde gebiede en sedimentbeweging op die vloedvlaktes as gevolg van damme. Bykomende effekte op kanaalbreedtes en -diepte, op die bedgraderings , en op getywatervlak variasies is ontleed. Die model is vervolgens gebruik om 'n voorgestelde omgewingings vloedloslaating te ondersoek. Sodanige loslaatings is aanbeveel om die negatiewe impak van damme op die rivier gedeeltelik te verminder. In hierdie geval gee 'n jaarlikse vloedloslaating met 'n piekvloei van 8500 m3/s (effens minder as die voor-dam gemiddelde jaarlikse vloed van 10 000 m3/s) effens meer oorstromings van die vloedvlaktes en het 'n klein uitwerking op die rivierkanaalbreedte. Die model voorspel die hidrodinamika en bedsedimentvervoer van nie-kohesiewe sedimente met betroubaarheid, maar 'n probleem met die vervoer van kohesiewe sedimente is geïdentifiseer. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir die aanspreek van die kohesiewe sedimentvervoer onakkuraatheid. Die model, in sy huidige vorm, kan kwantitatiewe inligting oor die hidrodinamika en natuurlik sedimentvervoer van die algemene delta streek by benadering verskaf. Met bykomende rekenaar hulpbronne en akkurate topografiese inligting kan die model verfyn word om akkurate voorspellings vir plaaslike gebiede binne die delta te gee. Sulke inligting kan waardevol wees vir spesialis-studies van die omgewingsimpakte van verskillende voorgestelde vloedloslaatings of toekomstige damme.
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Van, Glubt Sarah. "Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Chehalis River Using CE-QUAL-W2." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3486.
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The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, exists within five counties, and flows through agricultural, residential, industrial, and forest land areas. Four major rivers discharge to the Chehalis River, as well as many smaller creeks, five wastewater treatment plants, and groundwater flows.
Flooding is a major problem in the relatively flat areas surrounding the cities of Chehalis and Centralia, with severe consequences for property, safety and transportation. As a result, construction of a flood-control dam in the upper basin has been proposed. One major concern of constructing a dam is the potentially severe impacts to fish health and habitat. The Chehalis River has routinely violated water quality standards for primarily temperature and dissolved oxygen, and has had multiple water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load studies beginning in 1990.
CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate the Chehalis River, including free flowing river stretches and stratified (in summer) lake-like stretches. The goals of this research were to assess the flood retention structure's impacts to water quality, as well as river responses to potential climate change scenarios.
In order to use the model to achieve these goals, calibration to field data for flow, temperature, and water quality constituents was performed. This involved developing meteorological data, riparian shading data, and flow, temperature, water quality records for all tributaries during the calibration period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. System cross-sectional geometry data were also required for the model grid. Because of the short travel time in the river, the model was sensitive to boundary condition data, wind speed, bathymetry, nutrient kinetics, and algae, epiphyton, and zooplankton kinetics.
Future conditions showed predictions of warmer water temperatures and slight changes to water quality conditions on the river. As fish in the area prefer cooler water temperatures, this could pose a threat to fish health and habitat. Flood retention structures also showed impacts to river temperature and water quality. Structures with the purpose of flood retention only (only operating during times of flooding) gave model predictions for daily maximum temperature higher than structures that employed flood retention and flow augmentation (operating during all times of the year). This suggested the management of flow passage or retention by the dam is important for water quality on the river.
As this research continues improvements will be made, particularly to temperature and water quality constituents. Additional data for the system would be beneficial to this process. Model predictions of temperature were sensitive to meteorological data, including cloud cover, which were largely estimated based on solar radiation. Additional meteorological data throughout the basin would be useful to temperature results. Temperature results were also sensitive to the model bathymetry, and additional investigations into segments widths and water depths may improve temperature predictions.
Water quality constituent data were largely lacking for the system. Many estimation techniques and approximations were used for input water quality constituents for the model upstream boundary and tributaries when little or no data were available, introducing uncertainty to the model. It was not possible to calibrate pH to field data because alkalinity data were essentially unavailable. However, other constituents had good agreement between model predictions and field data, including dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids.
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Jones, Isabel L. "Legacies of tropical forest fragmentation and regeneration for biodiversity and carbon storage." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26238.
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Expanding anthropogenic development within the tropical forest biome is driving the loss of an irreplaceable global resource. Mega-diverse tropical forests are vital for regulating the global carbon cycle, and are essential for climate change mitigation. Today, over half of the world’s remaining tropical forest is degraded or regenerating secondary forest. Tropical forests are becoming increasingly fragmented through the expansion of agriculture and roads. Landscape-scale flooding of terrestrial habitats caused by dam construction is an emerging driver of habitat loss and fragmentation. Much attention has been paid to the long-term impacts of tropical forest fragmentation for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon emissions. Most of our understanding of the impacts associated with habitat fragmentation originates from systems in which the habitat matrix surrounding remnant forest patches is another, albeit low quality, terrestrial habitat. However, dam-induced habitat fragmentation results in remnant terrestrial biological communities becoming isolated on islands within a water matrix. A water matrix presents the worst-case scenario for remnant habitat fragments. In Chapter 2 I synthesise the results of numerous studies reporting the responses of taxonomic groups to isolation on reservoir land-bridge islands, and uncover a globally-applicable pattern of extinction debt acting upon remnant biological communities on reservoir islands. All islands, regardless of taxonomic group, habitat type, or island area lose species as island isolation time increases. Moreover, I show that contrary to existing ecological theory, once terrestrial habitat becomes isolated within a water matrix, it is effectively too isolated for species losses to be buffered by metapopulation dynamics. Dam development is rapidly expanding in the largest remaining tract of intact tropical forest, the Amazon Basin. In Chapters 3 and 4 I study the Balbina mega-dam system in the central Brazilian Amazon. Here, I use detailed field inventories of trees and lianas on islands and in continuous mainland habitat to determine the impact of landscape-scale habitat fragmentation caused by reservoir creation on these taxonomic groups. I find that islands maintain tree communities at significantly lower densities, richness and diversity compared to continuous forest. Furthermore, tree communities on islands exhibit compositional divergence from those found in mainland continuous forest. Island tree assemblages are dominated by low-wood density species, and may be on a trajectory towards communities characteristic of early successional forests with reduced carbon storage capacity. In contrast, liana assemblages remain compositionally intact and are becoming increasingly dominant relative to trees. Thus, lianas appear robust to many of the negative impacts associated with landscape-scale habitat fragmentation. As insular tree communities continue to degrade through area- and edge-effects, lianas may become a key feature of this archipelagic landscape due to their competitive advantage over trees in disturbed forest habitats. Lianas significantly inhibit tree recruitment and carbon storage. Thus, findings from Chapters 3 and 4 provide strong evidence for additional, and currently unaccounted-for biodiversity and carbon impacts associated with tropical dams. As development of tropical forest regions increases, there is an urgent need to reconcile the need for resources with the need for ecosystem service provision, such as carbon storage, particularly as we attempt to mitigate the impacts of rising atmospheric carbon. Recent studies have shown that secondary tropical forests have the potential to rapidly uptake atmospheric carbon, and act as a powerful tool in climate change mitigation policy. Broad-scale estimates of secondary forest carbon uptake are currently based on above-ground biomass alone. In Chapter 5 I present carbon stock estimates of additional tropical forest carbon pools - soil and dead woody biomass - in secondary forests ranging from 40-120 years. I find that soil fertility (nitrogen concentration) is key in determining carbon storage in secondary forests, and that the stability of carbon stocks held in dead woody biomass increases with secondary forest stand age. I highlight the need to integrate detailed site-specific information into broad-scale predictive models of secondary tropical forest carbon sequestration. This thesis links ecological theory and landscape-scale field inventories, to provide new understanding of the long-term costs of tropical forest fragmentation for biodiversity conservation and carbon storage, and provides further evidence of the important role secondary tropical forests may play in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.
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Lopez-Johnston, Siena Marie. "Cascades Island Lamprey Passage Structure: Evaluating Passage and Migration Following Structure Modifications." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2082.
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Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), an endemic species to the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A, has experienced staggering decreases in returns to spawning territories in recent decades. As lamprey are threatened severely by a lack of passage at mainstem dams, lamprey specific passage structures have been designed and constructed to address the problem. The Cascades Island Lamprey Passage Structure (LPS) at Bonneville Dam is the longest and steepest structure of its type, following the addition of an exit pipe which allows lampreys to travel from the tailrace of the dam to the forebay. The intent of this study was to assess lamprey use of the structure and whether the structure hinders lamprey migration to subsequent dams. The study was carried out during the 2013 migration season. The study used three different treatment groups of lampreys released on five dates spanning the migration season (n=75 lamprey). Two of these groups (n=50), with different tagging methods, were released directly into the LPS to assess passage success, travel time, and tagging effect. The third group (n=25) was released into the forebay to test whether the structure impedes migration upstream. Fish were monitored via receiver arrays on the LPS and at dams on the river system. Overall passage efficiency was 74% (37 of 50 used the CI LPS successfully). Mean travel time to navigate the structure was 12 h. Fish size had no significant effect on travel time in the LPS. Water temperature had a significant effect on travel time in the LPS. There was no statistically significant effect of tagging on passage efficiency or travel time. The groups that used the LPS performed slightly better migrating upstream to the next dam than the group that bypassed the structure, but the difference was not significant. The groups that used the LPS traveled to more subsequent dams upstream than did the group that bypassed the LPS. It can be concluded that lamprey passed the structure successfully. Temperature (proxy for seasonality) had an effect on travel time in the LPS; however fish size and tagging had no effect. The LPS does not affect the ability of migrating lampreys to continue migration to subsequent dams. Such findings have important implications for management of lamprey in the region.
Books on the topic "Dams - environmental aspects"
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Michael, Collier. Dams and rivers: A primer on the downstream effects of dams. Tucson, Ariz: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.
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Dogra, Bharat. The debate on large dams. New Delhi, India: B. Dogra, 1992.
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Nicholas, Hildyard, ed. The social and environmental effects of large dams. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1986.
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Cauley, Darrell L. Post-construction analysis of environmental impacts - Calamus Dam and Reservoir. Denver, Colo: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1990.
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Nam, Young-Suck. Staudammplanung und Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung: Studie der Staudammplanungen unter Berücksichtigung der Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung und ihrer institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen in der Republik Korea. Münster: Lit, 1993.
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Jōrj, E. Vi. Mullapperiyār Ḍāṃ: Kēraḷaṃ nēriṭunna durantabhīṣaṇi : paristhitipatḥanaṃ. Kōṭṭayaṃ: [E. Vi. Jōrj], 2006.
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Spilsbury, Louise. Dams and hydropower. London: Wayland, 2011.
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Costa, John E. The formation and failure of natural dams. Vancouver, Wash: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.
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Silenced rivers: The ecology and politics of large dams. London: Zed Books, 1996.
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McCully, Patrick. Silenced rivers: The ecology and politics of large dams. London: Zed Books, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dams - environmental aspects"
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"Social and environmental aspects." In Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century, Two Volume Set, 1059. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16818-163.
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"Theme 4: Social and environmental aspects." In Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century, Two Volume Set, 1073–368. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16818-6.
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"Some Aspects of Embankment Dams Constructed on the Mercia Mudstone." In Dams: Engineering in a Social and Environmental Context, 71–83. London: ICE Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dams2012.57999.0007.
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Mukono, S. N., and P. C. Mwiinga. "Environmental aspects of water use in arid regions: The Lake Kariba case." In Management of River Basins and Dams:, 75–81. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211006-11.
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Julien, Christine, and Sanem Kabadayi. "Enabling Programmable Ubiquitous Computing Environments." In Human Computer Interaction, 2708–34. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch178.
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Emerging pervasive computing scenarios involve client applications that dynamically collect information directly from the local environment. The sophisticated distribution and dynamics involved in these applications place an increased burden on developers that create applications for these environments. The heightened desire for rapid deployment of a wide variety of pervasive computing applications demands a new approach to application development in which domain experts with minimal programming expertise are empowered to rapidly construct and deploy domain-specific applications. This chapter introduces the DAIS (Declarative Applications in Immersive Sensor networks) middleware that abstracts a heterogeneous and dynamic pervasive computing environment into intuitive and accessible programming constructs. At the programming interface level, this requires exposing some aspects of the physical world to the developer, and DAIS accomplishes this through a suite of novel programming abstractions that enable on-demand access to dynamic local data sources. A fundamental component of the model is a hierarchical view of pervasive computing middleware that allows devices with differing capabilities to support differing amounts of functionality. This chapter reports on our design of the DAIS middleware and highlights the abstractions, the programming interface, and the reification of the middleware on a heterogeneous combination of client devices and resource-constrained sensors.
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Mallick, Krishna. "Moral Implications of Environmental Movements." In Environmental Movements of India. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984431_ch05.
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This chapter delves into the importance of the well-being of all human beings, including the voices of the marginalized people in the community who are directly and negatively affected by deforestation, dam-building, and GMOs in India. It has been argued that Gandhi was not an environmentalist, although he believed in the oneness of nature. The chapter also considers the six core values that development ethicists have proposed, highlighting the moral aspect and the gender bias of the resettlement and rehabilitation policies aimed at the dispossessed people of the Narmada case. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Chipko movement’s connection to ecofeminism and the ethics of care.
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Theophilopoulos, Nick A., and Pavlos Kassomenos. "Modelling and Simulation of Environmental Hazards." In Environmental Information Systems in Industry and Public Administration, 250–70. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-02-0.ch017.
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Emergencies are most probably the most important issue at the European and, of course, at the international level, in terms of impact to the economic structures, the ecosystems,and human and environmental resources. A number of emergencies have been identified within the Emergency Management Area and the areas under EMA coverage. These could be summarised as forest fires, chemical fires, structural fires, industrial accidents, oil and chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, radiation, storms, tornadoes, floods, dam ruptures, marine algal blooms, avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, seismic waves, and volcanic eruptions. The modelling and simulation of the environmental hazards in Europe should be harmonised in a way where developments will proceed, through a consensus mechanism, between the industry, the users, and the standardisation organisations, to create a consensus approach by identifying best practice cases in the management (including detection surveillance and monitoring of the emergency), and to plan operational aspects of the emergency situations, identify proper technological breakthroughs, and identify techniques and developments.
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Sugeng, Kabul. "Social and environment aspect on Musi Hydroelectric Power Project Indonesia." In Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century, Two Volume Set, 1229–34. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16818-192.
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Jyoti Dehingia, Hirak. "Various Aspects of Dust-Acoustic Solitary Waves (DAWs) in Inhomogeneous Plasmas." In Plasma Science - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109160.
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Dusty plasma offers an extensive study of space and astrophysical environments. In this chapter, we have studied some of the basic properties of dusty plasmas, interaction of dust and plasma particles, and the effect of intramolecular attraction and repulsion between these plasma and dust grain particles. During these investigations, we have discussed a few basic relations of dusty plasma and the effect of dust particles on the nonlinear wave structures in dusty plasma. Here, we have also studied the various aspects of dust-acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in inhomogeneous plasma. To study and analyze the various aspects of DAWs in inhomogeneous plasmas, the governing fluid equations of plasmas are considered to derive the Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equation. The solution of the KdV equation is obtained as soliton or solitary wave. The solitary wave solution indicates the various characteristics of DASWs in the inhomogeneous dusty plasma. In this chapter, a systematic and extensive study on DAWs is also included for the inhomogeneous and unmagnetized plasmas.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. "Environmental Changes: Ecological Modifications." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0017.
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Diseases originate, spread, and persist or wither, within a specific environmental context. For the entire time during which humans have lived on the earth, this environmental context has changed and, viewed from the beginning of a new millennium, all the available evidence suggests that the environment is set to change further and faster than at any other time in human history. In this chapter, we explore aspects of the changing environmental terrain in which diseases spread, and how these changes have served to promote the emergence and resurgence of infectious agents. Anthropogenic environmental changes and ecological modifications that promote the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases are numerous and include deforestation and reforestation, road construction, agricultural development, dam building, irrigation and water control schemes, coastal zone degradation and wetland modification, mining and urbanization, and macro- and micro-climate change and variability (Morse 1995; Patz, Graczyk, et al. 2000; Patz, Daszak, et al. 2004; McMichael 2004). As Patz, Daszak, et al. (2004: 1092) observe, these changes and modifications can, in turn, provoke a ‘cascade effect’ of habitat fragmentation, ecosystem degradation, and biodiversity loss, pollution, poverty, and human migration that serve to amplify the risks of disease emergence and spread. Examples of infectious diseases that are known or suspected to be especially prone to the effects of environmental and land use change are given in Table 7.1. Of the many environmental and land use changes that can facilitate the processes of infectious disease emergence and resurgence, we have selected the five interlinked factors in Figure 7.1 for study here. We illustrate each factor with special reference to one or more examples drawn from the sample diseases and regions listed in Table 7.2. Our examples include: agricultural development and Argentine haemorrhagic fever in South America (Section 7.2); water control schemes and Rift Valley fever in Africa and the eastern Mediterranean (Section 7.3); deforestation and Nipah viral disease in the western Pacific (Section 7.4.1); reforestation and Lyme disease in North America (Section 7.4.2); climate variability and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America (Section 7.5); and natural disasters and disease in North America and South-East Asia (Section 7.6).
Conference papers on the topic "Dams - environmental aspects"
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Al-Ani, Ibrahim, Hayder Al-Thamery, and Wan Mohtar,. "Multi Criteria Decision Making to Optimize the Best Runoff Control Measure Contributing to Haditha Dam Reservoir." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.217.
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In Iraq, the two dominating surface water sources are Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in which some dams constructed on both of them forming reservoirs. Haditha Dam reservoir is one of the most essential sources of drinking, irrigation, flood control and hydropower generation in Anbar State, Western Part of Iraq. Besides, the reservoir is a unique habitat with a wide spectrum of biodiversity. The objective of this study is to investigate and monitor the water quality in Haditha Dam reservoir and introduce the Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) to highlight the best runoff control measure depending on selected criteria and criteria weights. Experts were interviewed for the selection of criteria and for the assignment of the weight factor and scores. Four criteria from three categories such as technical, economic and environmental aspects were selected. Results from this study indicated that a distinguished difference in TSS and Turbidity between the dry and wet seasons and necessitates the installation of runoff control measures. It was found that the soil binders, sediment basin and diversion channel are the best alternatives for controlling erosion, sediment and drainage respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed very strong decision made by the experts for the technical, economic and environmental criteria.
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Martz, Merri, and Krey Price. "``Reverse Engineering'': Environmental Aspects of West Coast Dam Removal Projects." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40581(2001)121.
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Dolata, Małgorzata. "Sustainable Development of the Rural Areas in Poland in the Aspect of Environmental Order." In International Scientific Days 2018. Wolters Kluwer ČR, Prague, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2018.aeu.05.
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Darshan, Anup, UmaMaheshwera Reddy Paturi, Narala Suresh Kumar Reddy, and Srinivasa Prakash Regalla. "A Comparative Study of Tribological Behavior of Steel Sliding Against WC Under Mineral and Biodegradable Oil Lubrication." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87182.
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Now a days for machining operations apart from good tribological properties, the lubricant is also expected to be non-hazardous and non-polluting. When considering the ecological and environmental aspects in machining processes, the use of biodegradable oil can be an alternative source of lubricant due to its positive impact to employee health and environmental pollution. In this regard, our research work uses vegetable based cutting fluids developed from canola and sunflower oil, in an attempt to provide an eco-friendly environment. Experiments are carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer with tungsten carbide (WC) pin against AISI 4340 steel disc for different sliding times under different environments, thus simulating the machining environment. The tribological properties, wear and friction of vegetable based oils were comparatively investigated with a commercially available mineral oil. Wear tracks and roughness profiles of test specimens were compared by using optical microscope and profilometer respectively. Results indicated that vegetable based canola oil demonstrated excellent tribological properties compared to that of commercial mineral oil.
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Bueno, Ayrton Portilho. "Benidorm e Balneário Camboriú: comparações entre ícones do turismo de sol e praia urbano." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6348.
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Benidorm, na costa alicantina, na Espanha, e Balneário Camboriú, no sul do Brasil, são cidades onde o
turismo de sol e praia assumiu características urbanas. Têm similitudes paisagísticas e funcionais, pelos
seus skylines e por apresentarem alojamentos turísticos e de segunda residência. Buscando entender
comparativamente as duas cidades, analisaram-se suas relações com o território e o ambiente,
acompanhando a evolução urbana de cada uma, relacionando-as aos processos sócio-econômicos,
culturais e aspectos institucionais que permitiram e orientaram seus desenvolvimentos. Num recorte
morfológico, analisou-se o tecido urbano, em especial das primeiras franjas junto à costa, comparando-se
alguns aspectos visíveis dos tecidos urbanos que estão relacionados com a ambiência e a qualidade de
vida nesses assentamentos. Percebeu-se que os tecidos urbanos de cada cidade, tiveram processos de
ordenação territorial diferenciados que se refletem em ambientes urbanos de qualidades também diferentes. Benidorm, in alicantina coast, Spain, and Camboriú in southern Brazil, are cities where the sun and beach
tourism has developed with urban model. They have similarities landscape and functional by their skylines
and by present tourist and second home accommodations. Seeking understand the two cities
comparatively, we analyzed their relations with the territory and the environment, following the urban
evolution of each one, relating them to the social-economic processes, cultural and institutional aspects that
led and guided their development. In a morphological approach, the urban tissue was analyzed, especially
the first fringes along the coast, compared to some visible aspects of the urban fabric that are related to the
ambience and quality of life in these settlements. It was noticed that the urban fabric of each city, had distinct
territorial ordering processes that are reflected in urban environments also different qualities.
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Popielarczyk, Dariusz. "Determination of Survey Boat “Heave” Motion with the Use of RTS Technique." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.229.
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The paper presents analysis of determination of vertical movement of the surveying boat called “heave” with the use of Robotized Total Station (RTS) technique. The classical geodetic Total Station was used for sub-centimeter calculation of water level changes during hydroacoustic measurements on the fragment of Vistula river behind the dam and hydropower in Włocławek in Poland. The power station work causes up to 1.7 m movement of vertical reference water surface in aspect of local bathymetric survey. The experimental, hydrographic surveys on the river were conducted where the water level was changing significantly over time depending on the operational schedule of the power plant. Verified hydrographic data had to be brought to the common water level. To determine the final water level, data on the height of the Robotized Total Station prism positioned on the boat during sounding was considered. The RTS technique with 0.02–0.05 m vertical accuracy proved to be very useful and essential in engineering inland bathymetric measurements.
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Kreft, Sven, Ju¨rgen Gausemeier, Michael Grafe, and Bassem Hassan. "Automated Generation of Virtual Roadways Based on Geographic Information Systems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48141.
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Nowadays, interactive driving simulations are well established to support the design of modern vehicle systems, like driver assistance systems (DAS). They enable to validate properties and functions of DAS in the early development phases. Driving simulations consist of several simulation models that work together at runtime. These partial models represent dedicated aspects of the vehicle, individual vehicle systems as well as the environment. In this context, environment models describe the environment the vehicle is driving through, comprising roads, buildings and vegetation. While models of single vehicle systems are currently systematically built with a high level of detail, building virtual environments is still a mostly manual and time consuming process. Particularly, building environment models that represent specific real world roads is laborious — geographically referenced data has to be gathered and integrated. Geographic information systems (GIS) and their underlying data — geo-data — have great potential to accelerate the generation of environment models. In order to achieve this potential, a systematic integration of geo-data is necessary. During this process, the specific requirements of interactive driving simulations have to be considered. This paper describes a method for the automated generation of virtual roadways based on geographic information systems. The method has been prototypically applied for a concrete road course and the results are briefly presented in this paper.
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MALIENE, Vida, and Ruta DICIUNAITE-RAUKTIENE. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CITIES PEDESTRIAN STREET FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.052.
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The public space encourages social exchange, develops and maintains social groups and allows the exchange of public messages. When the public space and public life are not supported in the community, there is no one to communicate with, people become isolated, less inclined to help or support each other. Public space is the scene of public life that promotes a sense of community, sense of place, human connection and communication as well as dependence sensation. High-quality and well-managed public space is a benefit to the city's economy, creating shelter from the car-centred life and move to a more natural environment as well as significant urban land use. Therefore, in recent times, in order to establish the right conditions in cities for different human needs, great attention is paid not only to the development of physical infrastructure, but also to other aspects that will help to create sustainable balance of social, economic and environmental aspects. One of the quality of life in the city return ways is the release of urban spaces for pedestrians. Until these days the pedestrian zones are extended little by little, resulting in disposal of the car parking-lots and improved cycling and other transport facilities. Sustainable use of urban pedestrian zones would provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits only if these aspects are combined with each other. The aim of the article is to distinguish and critically analyse (on the basis of a literature review) factors influencing the functionality and sustainable development of pedestrian streets. Article object – cities pedestrian street. The study was conducted using scientific publishing content analysis and synthesis techniques. This article is an overview.
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Turk, A., S. Ghanavatizadeh, A. A. Zaamari, and A. Kolahchi. "Regeneration of Missed Record Data, Vertical Axes of Karkheh Earth Dam Using Cell Pressure, Mathematical Aspects, and SSM." In 11th Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40988(323)68.
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Browne, Alan L., Nancy L. Johnson, Hanif Muhammad, and Jeffrey Brown. "Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Vertical Deploy Air Dam: Part 1 — Performance Requirements and Design." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-7901.
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Airflow over/under/around a vehicle can affect many important aspects of vehicle performance including vehicle drag (and through this vehicle fuel economy) and cooling/heat exchange for the vehicle powertrain and A/C systems. The vast majority of known devices in current use to control airflow over/under/around the vehicle are of fixed geometry, location, orientation, and stiffness. The project whose performance requirements, design, and build phases are described in this paper was successful in developing an SMA actuator based approach to the on-demand reversible deployment of an air dam through vertical translation. Beyond feasibility, the initial bench top working models demonstrated an active materials based approach which would add little weight to the existing stationary system, and could potentially perform well in the harsh under vehicle environment due to a lack of exposed bearings and pivots. This demonstration showed that actuation speed, force, and cyclic stability all could meet the application requirements. The solution, a dual point balanced actuation approach based on shape memory alloy wires, uses straight linear actuation to produce a reversible height change of 50 mm. Key technical issues with regard to design remaining to be resolved given the harsh under vehicle environment are in most part related to improved system robustness, a prime example being mechanism sealing.
Reports on the topic "Dams - environmental aspects"
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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.
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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.
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ERDC : Where Science and Engineering Meet. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43462.
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For nearly a century, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has been at the forefront of tackling our nation's toughest engineering challenges, providing innovative solutions in the areas of civil works and military engineering, and offsetting the negative effects of climate change. From its earliest days of hydrology experiments along the Mississippi River in 1929, ERDC's R&D has grown, along with its buildings and capabilities. Today, ERDC's facilities, combined with its people, have created one of the world's premier R&D organizations supporting the delivery of projects and programs for federal, state and local agencies as well as private, academic and international partners. ERDC's ongoing R&D, aligned with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) R&D portfolios, allows key investments to be targeted to strategic areas that can benefit multiple interests. ERDC's R&D enhances USACE's ability to execute its Civil Works (CW) missions to support commercial navigation, manage ecosystems and reduce flood risk, while our research in Installations and Operational Environments (IOE) is improving the reliability, efficiency and effectiveness of military infrastructure and on the battlefield. ERDC conducts scientific R&D to improve all aspects of mission planning, preparation, execution and sustainment, including innovations to protect the Warfighter. Sustained, multiyear support for ERDC R&D is critical to institutionalize successes and magnify benefits, enabling the nation to take a proactive approach to meeting the complex challenges of both today and tomorrow.