Relevant bibliographies by topics / Damaged bone

Academic literature on the topic 'Damaged bone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Damaged bone"

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Bhat, Shruthi, Sheela G. Nayak, Vidyashambhava Pare, and Sagar Borker. "Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 02, no. 04 (October 2013): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401726.

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Abstract Background: Beehives are made up of wax, which are the natural glandular secretions of honeybees. One such huge beehive was incidentally noticed on the wall behind the Department of Anatomy, K.V.G. Medical College Sullia in 2012. The bees had already abandoned it and there were no bees even fluttering around. So we plucking it ensured that it was excised as a whole, instead of allowing it to get biodegraded. With assistance we got it to the Department. Objective: To study the architecture of this beehive and use of its wax to repair damaged dry human bones in the Department of Anatomy. Materials and Methods: Spirit lamp, spirit, Forceps, Cutting blades, quick fix, varnish, spatula and enamel paint were used for the study. Wax melted when heated at 62-65degree Celsius. Crude wax of the beehive was placed on the damaged bone by plucking a part of it. Then the bone was given a correct shape manually. Damaged bone part was repaired artistically using a hot spatula. Results: We could repair many damaged bones with this chunk of wax. Conclusion: This is a simple, cost effective, appropriate technique of bone repair in Anatomy. Regular maintenance of bones will prevent its damage. Thus bones can be used for a long period which can ensure percolation of right information to students of Anatomy.
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Ramtani, S., and M. Zidi. "Damaged-Bone Adaptation Under Steady Homogeneous Stress." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 124, no. 3 (May 21, 2002): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467918.

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In this work an extension of the adaptive-elasticity theory is proposed in order to include the contribution of bone microdamage as a stimulus. Some aspects of damaged-bone tissue adaptation, brought about by a change of the daily loading history, are investigated. In particular, under the assumption of a small strain approximation and isothermal conditions, the solution of the remodeling rate equation for steady homogeneous stress is discussed and the damage effect upon the remodeling time constant is shown. The result is both theoretical and numerical, based on a recent theory of internal damaged-bone remodeling (Ramtani, S., and Zidi, M., 1999, “Damaged-Bone Remodeling Theory: Thermodynamical Approach,” Mechanics Research Communications, Vol. 26, pp. 701–708. Ramtani, S., and Zidi, M., 2001, “A Theoretical Model of the Effect of Continum Damage on a Bone Adaption Model,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 34, pp. 471–479) and motivated by the works of Cowin, S. C., and Hegedus, D. M., 1976, “Bone Remodeling I: Theory and Adaptive Elasticity,” Journal of Elasticity, Vol. 6, pp. 471–479 and Hegedus, D. H., and Cowin, S. C., 1976, “Bone Remodeling II: Small Strain Adaptive Elasticity,” Journal of Elasticity, Vol. 6, pp. 337–352.
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Ramtani, S., and M. Zidi. "Damaged-bone remodeling theory: Thermodynamical approach." Mechanics Research Communications 26, no. 6 (November 1999): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-6413(99)00081-6.

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Keaveny, Tony M., Edward F. Wachtel, X. Edward Guo, and Wilson C. Hayes. "Mechanical behavior of damaged trabecular bone." Journal of Biomechanics 27, no. 11 (November 1994): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)90040-x.

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Omelyanenko, N. P., O. A. Malakhov, I. N. Karpov, G. T. Sukhikh, and O. V. Kozhevnikov. "Influence of fetal bone tissue on reparative bone regeneration (experimental study)." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto97093.

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The study was performed in 48 rabbits. After 1 cm resection of central part of radius diaphysis the defect was substituted with fragments of fetal tissue. Sixteen rabbits made up a control group. It was shown that fetal bone tissue stimulated reparative bone regeneration. Its fragments were not the centers of osteogenesis but bone development started within preserved periosteum and endosteum, i.e. in the location of cambial cells of osteodifferone. There were several stages of damaged bone full value structure restoration: 1) filling of the defect with fibrillar connective tissue surrounding the fragments of fetal bone tissue; 2) development of reticulo-fibrotic bone regenerate with fragments of fetal bone tissue; 3) remodeling and formation of laminar bone regenerate; 4) restoration of medullar canal with bone marrow. Restoration of damaged radius structure was accompanied by periosteal reaction and focal resorption of undamaged ulnar both at the defect level and outside the defect. In control group full value restoration of damaged bone was observed in no case
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Bek-Pedersen, Karen. "The Damaged Bone and the Lone Mushroom." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift 74 (March 25, 2022): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v74i.132123.

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ABSTRACT: The article carries out a comparative exercise focusing on the Norse myth about Þórr slaughtering and then reviving his goats. It has sometimes been argued that the myth is a borrowing from a Christian legend about Saint Germanus. This is, however, problematic since similar traditions are found in Alpine, Caucasian, Sámi and even Native American contexts, in all cases with a non-Christian flavour. The article concentrates on those analogues that are closest to the Norse myth in terms of the central details and considers what might lie behind this seemingly odd distribution. The suggestion is that the central motif constitutes a shared tradition across the northern hemisphere that has its roots in the very deep layers of human history. RESUME: Artiklen præsenterer en komparativ øvelse med fokus på den norrøne myte om Thor, der slagter sine geder og derpå vækker dem til live igen. Den teori er flere gange blevet fremsat, at myten er lånt fra en kristen helgenlegende om Sankt Germanus. Dette er imidlertid problematisk, idet lignende traditioner findes i Alperne, Kaukasus, Sápmi og endda indfødte canadiske kulturer, i alle tilfælde uden kristen forklædning. Artiklen fokuserer på de parallelle fortællinger, som følger den norrøne myte tættest med hensyn til de centrale detaljer, og overvejer, hvad der kan ligge til grund for denne løjerlige spredning. Forslaget er, at det centrale motiv udgør en fælles tradition på tværs af den nordlige halvkugle med rødder i den meget dybe historie.
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McMahon, Brian K., Peter Mauer, Colin P. McCoy, T. Clive Lee, and Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson. "Luminescent Terbium Contrast Agent for Bone Microdamage Detection." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 5 (2011): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11021.

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The synthesis and photophysical evaluation of a new lanthanide luminescence imaging agent is presented. The agent, a terbium-based cyclen complex can, through the use of an iminodiacetate moiety, bind to damaged bone surface via chelation to exposed Ca(ii) sites, enabling the imaging of the damage using confocal fluorescence scanning microscopy.
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Okada, Kiyotaka, Naoyuki Kawao, Masato Yano, Yukinori Tamura, Shinzi Kurashimo, Katsumi Okumoto, Kotarou Kojima, and Hiroshi Kaji. "Stromal cell-derived factor-1 mediates changes of bone marrow stem cells during the bone repair process." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 310, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): E15—E23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00253.2015.

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Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and macrophages that participate in the bone repair process are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the roles of these stem cells during the repair of injured bone tissue are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of bone defect on HSCs and MSCs in bone marrow and spleen in 75 mice and its mechanism. We analyzed the HSC and MSC populations in these tissues of a mouse with femoral bone damage by using flow cytometry. The number of HSCs in the bone marrow of mice with damaged femurs was significantly lower than the number of these cells in the bone marrow of the contralateral intact femurs on day 2 after injury. Meanwhile, the number of MSCs in the bone marrow of mice with damaged femurs was significantly higher than that of the contralateral femurs. Both intraperitoneal administration of AMD3100, a C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist, and local treatment with an anti-stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) antibody blunted the observed decrease in HSC and increase in MSC populations within the bone marrow of injured femurs. In conclusion, the present study revealed that there is a concurrent decrease and increase in the numbers of HSCs and MSCs, respectively, in the bone marrow during repair of mouse femoral bone damage. Furthermore, the SDF-1/CXCR4 system was implicated as contributing to the changes in these stem cell populations upon bone injury.
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Liu, Xinhui, Guoping Zhang, Chuanyong Hou, Hua Wang, Yelin Yang, Guoping Guan, Wei Dong, Hongyang Gao, and Qingling Feng. "Vascularized Bone Tissue Formation Induced by Fiber-Reinforced Scaffolds Cultured with Osteoblasts and Endothelial Cells." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/854917.

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The repair of the damaged bone tissue caused by damage or bone disease was still a problem. Current strategies including the use of autografts and allografts have the disadvantages, namely, diseases transmission, tissue availability and donor morbidity. Bone tissue engineering has been developed and regarded as a new way of regenerating bone tissues to repair or substitute damaged or diseased ones. The main limitation in engineering in vitro tissues is the lack of a sufficient blood vessel system, the vascularization. In this paper, a new-typed hydroxyapatite/collagen composite scaffold which was reinforced by chitosan fibers and cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells was fabricated. General observation, histological observation, detection of the degree of vascularization, and X-ray examination had been done to learn the effect of vascularized bone repair materials on the regeneration of bone. The results show that new vessel and bone formed using implant cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Nanofiber-reinforced scaffold cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells can induce vascularized bone tissue formation.
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Omelianenko, N. P., N. N. Karpov, I. V. Matveychuk, and A. I. Dorokhin. "Use of Demineralized Bone Matrix to Repair Damaged Long Bones with Significant Defects." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto97070.

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Introduction of tubular perforated implants of demineralized bone matrix was shown to provide the formation of organ specific bone regenerate and restoration of full value anatomic structure of the injured bone. Shape, material, method of matrix implantation conditioned the development of longitudinally oriented compact bone between free cortical distal and proximal bone fragments as well as the restoration of bone marrow intergrity in the defect site and its intergra-tion with bone marrow of total bone. Implant structure having multilevel widely branched canal system is suggested to provide free microcirculation of tissue liquid and migration of bone cell precursors into osteogenesis area.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Damaged bone"

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Suzuki, Kiyoshi. "Cold Ischemic Damage to Bone." Thesis, Thieme Medical Publishers, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16724.

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Parsamian, Gagik P. "Damage mechanics of human cortical bone." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2014.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 165 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-165).
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Shank, Stephanie Brooke. "Bone Damage Associated with Orthodontic Miniscrew Implants." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299685868.

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Armstrong, J. A. "Characterisation of bone cement damage by acoustic emission." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517071.

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Stewart, Morgan. "Written in Bone: Damage Patterns in Agonopsis vulsa Armor." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1414.

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Naturally occurring armor has evolved in many different classes of organisms, often in response to predation, although other factors may play a part. In this study, the scales of the benthic armored fish Agonopsis vulsa were examined for damage patterns in order to illuminate the life history and environmental interactions of the fish. Scales from the fish were systematically destroyed in the lab, and observations made from the damaged scales were used to create a categorical damage rating, which was applied to 34 specimens ranging in trunk length from 2.3 cm to 14.2 cm. The specimens were rendered as three-dimensional digital models after being scanned with a micro-CT scanner. During data analysis, the damage categorization was simplified to a binary of damaged vs. undamaged and statistical significance of damage was calculated using probability loop simulations. Statistically significant damage was found in a few small clusters across the ontogeny, consistent with predation and intraspecies competition. This study is also suggests that the flattening of ventral scales in A. vulsa is not congenital. The scales are most likely ground down by constant friction against the sea floor over the lifespan of the organism.
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Ramsey, Daniel S. "Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Damage Processes in Human Trabecular Bone." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1279224864.

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Sedman, Andrew James. "Mechanical failure of bone and antler : the accumulation of damage." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14047/.

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Hayes, Anna. "A study of the damage of articular cartilage caused by crystals." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303393.

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Joo, Won. "CROSS-MODAL EFFECTS OF DAMAGE ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN CORTICAL BONE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1126285139.

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Arango, Villegas Camila. "Study of the mechanical behavior of cortical bone microstructure by the finite element method." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/67570.

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[EN] Cortical bone tissue is the responsible of giving support and structure to vertebrates. For that reason, understanding and analyzing its behavior is needed from each different hierarchical level that composes it. The lower the structural scale is, the greater the complexity and scarcity of studies in literature. These studies are relevant for understanding, preventing and solving important health problems that affect human beings. From a mechanical point of view is interesting to evaluate and apply engineering numerical tools to analyze complex materials as biological tissues, increasing the state of the art in different disciplines that can be applied in numerous fields as material science, biomechanics, numerical methods, medicine and more. In this Thesis the mechanical behavior of cortical bone at microstructural level is analyzed, with finite element models of its basic structure, the osteon. The microstructure of osteons, composed of mineralized collagen fibrils in layers with different orientations disposed concentrically around blood vessels is considered in the models for the calculation of elastic properties and failure criteria definition. For obtaining elastic properties, the use of micromechanical finite element models is considered, with heterogeneous composition for both mineralized collagen fibrils (at nanostructural level) and lamellar level (at sub-microstructural level). The failure analysis for realistic geometries is applied after comparing different models that involve, on one hand the growth of microcracks with contact conditions and on the other, degradation of elastic material properties by user subroutines of the finite element code, the latter being the one that brings better results from a computational cost viewpoint. Therefore an interesting alternative is here presented that can be used to evaluate the damage propagation at three-dimensional level, which with other methods as X-FEM can be computationally unaffordable. Composite materials failure criteria are applied to osteon analysis and the results are related with experimental tests from bibliography, showing the relevance of shear stresses between lamellae for failure initiation and propagation. In a two-dimensional study it is also shown the important role of osteocyte lacunae in the failure initiation, what is interesting from a cellular mechanotransduction approach.
[ES] El tejido óseo cortical es el encargado de dar soporte y estructura a los vertebrados. Existe por tanto una necesidad de conocer y analizar mecánicamente su comportamiento desde los distintos niveles jerárquicos que lo componen, siendo mayor la complejidad y más escasos los estudios disponibles en la literatura cuanto más pequeña es la escala estructural que se analiza. Estos estudios son relevantes para comprender, prevenir y solucionar problemas de salud importantes que afectan al ser humano. Desde el punto de vista mecánico es interesante evaluar y aplicar herramientas numéricas ingenieriles para el análisis de materiales más complejos como son los biológicos, incrementando el estado del arte en distintas disciplinas que pueden ser aplicadas en numerosos campos como la ciencia de los materiales, la biomecánica, los métodos numéricos o la medicina, entre otras. En esta Tesis se analiza el comportamiento mecánico del hueso cortical a nivel microestructural, donde se modela mediante el método de los elementos finitos su unidad básica, la osteona. Para la obtención de las propiedades elásticas se considera en los modelos la microestructura compuesta por capas de colágeno mineralizado con diferentes orientaciones, dispuestas de manera concéntrica alrededor de los canales vasculares. Se incluye además la utilización de modelos micromecánicos de elementos finitos que tienen en cuenta la composición heterogénea tanto para el nivel del fibrilo de colágeno mineralizado (nivel nanoestructural) como para el nivel de lamela (nivel sub microestructural). El análisis del fallo para geometrías realistas se aplica tras comparar varios modelos que involucran por un lado el crecimiento de grietas mediante condiciones de contacto y por otro, degradación de las propiedades elásticas del material mediante subrutinas de usuario del código de elementos finitos, siendo este último el que mejores resultados presenta desde el punto de vista del coste computacional. De esta manera se presenta una alternativa interesante que permite evaluar la propagación del daño a nivel tridimensional, lo que con otros métodos como el X-FEM puede ser computacionalmente inabordable. Se aplican criterios de fallo utilizados para materiales compuestos en ingeniería estructural a las osteonas y los resultados se relacionan con los de los ensayos experimentales disponibles en la bibliografía, mostrando la relevancia de las tensiones de cortadura entre lamelas para la iniciación y propagación del daño. En un estudio bidimensional, también se muestra la participación importante en la fase de inicio de daño de las lagunas de osteocitos lo que es interesante desde un enfoque de mecanotransducción celular.
[CAT] El teixit ossi cortical és l'encarregat de donar suport i estructura als vertebrats. Existeix per tant una necessitat de conèixer i analitzar mecànicament el seu comportament des dels diferents nivells jeràrquics que ho componen, sent major la complexitat i més escassos els estudis disponibles en la literatura com més xicoteta és l'escala estructural que s'analitza. Aquests estudis són rellevants per a comprendre, prevenir i solucionar problemes de salut importants que afecten a l'ésser humà. Des del punt de vista mecànic és interessant avaluar i aplicar eines numèriques ingenieriles per a l'anàlisi de materials més complexos com són els biològics, incrementant l'estat de l'art en diferents disciplines que poden ser aplicades en nombrosos camps com la ciència dels materials, la biomecànica, els mètodes numèrics o la medicina, entre altres. En aquesta Tesi s'analitza el comportament mecànic de l'os cortical a nivell microestructural, on es modela mitjançant el mètode dels elements finits la seua unitat bàsica, la osteona. Per a l'obtenció de les propietats elàstiques es considera en els models la microestructura composta per capes de col·làgen mineralitzat amb diferents orientacions, disposades de manera concèntrica al voltant dels canals vasculars. S'inclou a més la utilització de models micromecànics d'elements finits que tenen en compte la composició heterogènia tant per al nivell del fibril de col·làgen mineralitzat (nivell nanoestructural) com per al nivell de lamela (nivell submicroestructural). L'anàlisi de la fallada per a geometries realistes s'aplica després de comparar diversos models que involucren d'una banda el creixement de clavills mitjançant condicions de contacte i per un altre, degradació de les propietats elàstiques del material mitjançant subrutines d'usuari del codi d'elements finits, sent aquest últim el que millors resultats presenta des del punt de vista del cost computacional. D'aquesta manera es presenta una alternativa interessant que permet avaluar la propagació del dany a nivell tridimensional, la qual cosa amb altres mètodes com el X-FEM pot ser computacionalment inabordable. S'apliquen criteris de fallada utilitzats per a materials compostos en enginyeria estructural a les osteones i els resultats es relacionen amb els de els assajos experimentals disponibles en la bibliografia, mostrant la rellevància de les tensions de cisallament entre lameles per a la iniciació i propagació del dany. En un estudi bidimensional, també es mostra la participació important en la fase d'inici de dany de les llacunes d'osteòcits el que és interessant des d'un enfocament de mecanotransducción cel·lular.
Arango Villegas, C. (2016). Study of the mechanical behavior of cortical bone microstructure by the finite element method [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/67570
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Books on the topic "Damaged bone"

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McCormack, Brendan Anthony Oliver. On damage accumulation in cemented hip replacements. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Adorno and modern theatre: The drama of the damaged self in Bond, Rudkin, Barker and Kane. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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Guevara, David L. The bona fide prospective purchaser defense: A guide for lawyers. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2013.

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New Jersey. State Beach Erosion Commission. Commission meeting of State Beach Erosion Commission: "Blue Acres" (a proposed bond program to purchase from willing sellers storm-damaged or environmentally sensitive lands in the coastal area). Trenton, N.J: The Commission, 1994.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Environment Committee. Committee meeting before Senate Environment Committee and Assembly Energy and Hazardous Waste Committee: Senate bill no. 1070 and Assembly bill no. 1727 (make various changes to ECRA and to other hazardous site remediation programs, impose a surcharge on remediations, establish a loan and grant fund for remediation activities, appropriate bond moneys). Trenton, N.J: The Committees, 1992.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Environment Committee. Committee meeting before Senate Environment Committee and Assembly Energy and Hazardous Waste Committee: Senate bill no. 1070 and Assembly bill no. 1727 (make various changes to ECRA and to other hazardous site remediation programs, impose a surcharge on remediations, establish a loan and grant fund for remediation activities, appropriate bond moneys). Trenton, N.J: The Committees, 1992.

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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Gestione dell'acqua in Europa (XII-XVIII Secc.) / Water Management in Europe (12th-18th centuries). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-700-9.

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Water was a source of wealth which facilitated, fostered or brutally halted economic development in the Ancien Regime. Lack of hygiene meant that water was used less for drinking than other drinks, but as a raw material, source of energy, cooling, rinsing and cleansing agent, water was unequalled. It played a role in public and private relaxation and in health. Water also proved to be an ideal, safe and cheap means of transporting goods and ideas. Urban historians have long pointed to the enormous comparative advantage enjoyed by towns and regions whose favourable maritime or riverine location gave them access to cheap water-borne transport. But water just as often posed a threat to economic development and prosperity, whether due to its absence or its specific composition or level of pollution or to uncontrollable abundance. This duality is still present today in our modern, globalised society. While huge quantities of fresh, potable water are wasted in the West, free or cheap access to fresh and abundant water supplies remains a major challenge for millions of individuals on the planet. Major floods in different parts of the world regularly cause economic damage and endless human suffering. With a Settimana devoted to the management of the water supply, excluding related topics as water consumption, water transport and the use of water in agriculture and industry, the Istituto Datini is seeking to draw attention.
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Hughes, Jim. Orthopaedics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0008.

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This chapter covers the basic approaches and techniques used in orthopaedic surgery, including the insertion and positioning of hardware and fixators, closed and open techniques (including manipulation under anaesthetic), and the typical imaging requirements for these. The discussion includes elective and trauma cases, as well as emergency procedures that may be performed out of regular working hours. They generally involve either repair to the skeleton and joints after injury (e.g. resiting a dislocated joint or aligning and supporting a fractured long bone) or alterations (such as fusion or replacement of a damaged joint or lengthening of a bone with a growth defect).
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Collins, Graham, and Chris Bunch. Multiple myeloma and related conditions. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0290.

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Multiple myeloma is a cancerous disorder of the bone marrow and arises from a clonal proliferation of plasma cells, resulting in end-organ damage (e.g. renal failure, hypercalcaemia, bone disease, and bone marrow failure). When a plasma cell clone is only detected in one site (either bony or soft tissue), it is termed a plasmacytoma. Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance is also a clonal proliferation of plasma cells but, by definition, does not result in end-organ damage. This chapter addresses the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma.
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Rees, David. Haemoglobinopathies. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0172.

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Inherited abnormalities of the globin genes are the commonest single-gene disorders in the world and fall into two main groups: thalassaemias and sickle cell disease. Thalassaemias are due to quantitative defects in globin chain synthesis which cause variable anaemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Thalassaemia was initially thought to be a disease of the bones due to uncontrolled bone marrow expansion causing bony distortion, although this is now unusual with appropriate blood transfusions. Osteopenia, often severe, is a feature of most patients with thalassaemia major and intermedia, caused by bone marrow expansion, iron overload, endocrinopathy, and iron chelation. Treatment with bisphosphonates is generally recommended. Other rheumatological manifestations include arthropathy associated with the use of the iron chelator deferiprone. Sickle cell disease involves a group of conditions caused by polymerization of the abnormal -globin chain, resulting in abnormal erythrocytes which cause vaso-occlusion, vasculopathy, and ischaemic tissue damage. The characteristic symptom is acute bone pain caused by vaso-occlusion; typical episodes require treatment with opiate analgesia and resolve spontaneously by 5 days with no lasting bone damage. The frequency of acute episodes varies widely between patients. The incidence of osteomyelitis is increased, particularly with salmonella, although it is much rarer than acute vaso-occlusion. Avascular necrosis can affect the hips, and less commonly the shoulders and knees. Coincidental rheumatological disease sometimes complicates the condition, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which is more prevalent in populations at increased risk of sickle cell disease.
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Book chapters on the topic "Damaged bone"

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Terai, Shuji, Isao Sakaida, Naoki Yamamoto, Kaoru Omori, and Kiwamu Okita. "Strategy for the Development of Cell Therapy Using Bone Marrow Cells to Repair Damaged Liver." In Stem Cell and Liver Regeneration, 51–56. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53971-1_6.

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Muller, Marie, and Guillaume Renaud. "Nonlinear Acoustics for Non-invasive Assessment of Bone Micro-damage." In Bone Quantitative Ultrasound, 381–408. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0017-8_15.

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Van Den Heuvel, R., G. Schoeters, and O. Vanderborght. "Functional Damage to Bone Marrow Fibroblasts after Contamination with 241 Americum." In Metals in Bone, 63–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4920-1_6.

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Taylor, David, Jan Hazenberg, Fergal O'Brien, and T. Clive Lee. "How Does Bone Detect Cracks?" In Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics VI, 57–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-448-0.57.

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Bougherara, Habiba, Václav Klika, František Maršík, Ivo A. Mařík, and L'Hocine Yahia. "A Novel Approach for Bone Remodeling After Prosthetic Implantation." In Damage and Fracture Mechanics, 553–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2669-9_58.

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LoCascio, V., E. Bonucci, P. Ballanti, S. Adami, D. Tartarotti, C. Della Rocca, B. Imbimbo, and G. Guarrera. "Mechanisms of bone damage by glucocorticoids." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, 303–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9775-8_34.

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Schoeters, G., R. van den HeuveL, and O. Vanderborght. "The Study of Damage to Bone Marrow Cells as a Biological Dosimeter after Contamination with Osteotropic α Emitters." In Metals in Bone, 51–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4920-1_5.

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Henderson, David, Daniel Smith, Russell Carter, and Douglas Smith. "Damage from Impact (Experimental and Theoretical)." In Wind-Borne Debris Hazards, 53–65. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414965.ch05.

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Lin, Daniel, Qing Li, Wei Li, Ionut Ichim, and Michael Swain. "Damage Evaluation of Bone Tissues with Dental Implants." In Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics VI, 905–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-448-0.905.

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Turner, Jason D., Amy J. Naylor, Christopher Buckley, Andrew Filer, and Paul-Peter Tak. "Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts in Inflammation and Bone Damage." In Stromal Immunology, 37–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78127-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Damaged bone"

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Ni, Qingwen, and Daniel P. Nicolella. "Non-Invasive NMR Characterization of Cortical Bone Microdamage." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23028.

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Abstract Bone damage occurs as a result of repetitive loading in-vivo [1] and has been implicated as a contributing factor governing bone fragility in diseases such as osteoporosis and in repetitive loading injuries such as stress fractures. In response to damage or microcracks in-vivo, healthy bone will self-repair by removing the damaged bone and replacing it with newly formed bone [2]. However, when the rate of damage accumulation is greater than the rate of repair in healthy bone, a fracture may result.
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Gutmanas, E. Y., I. Gotman, A. Sharipova, S. G. Psakhie, S. K. Swain, and R. Unger. "Drug loaded biodegradable load-bearing nanocomposites for damaged bone repair." In PHYSICS OF CANCER: INTERDISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the International Conference on Physics of Cancer: Interdisciplinary Problems and Clinical Applications (PC IPCA’17). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5001604.

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Penninger, Charles L., Andre´s Tovar, Glen L. Niebur, and John E. Renaud. "Signaling Pathways for Bone Resorption Predicted as a Hybrid Cellular Automaton Process." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39358.

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The bone remodeling process provides for various functions such as mineral homeostasis, damage repair, and adaptation to mechanical loading. At present, a clear link between the mechanical stimulation of bones and the biochemical response is not fully understood. Computational simulations can provide a means to test hypotheses and gain insight into processes that are difficult to examine experimentally. The objective of this work is to predict the effect of damage and strain as the stimulus for regulating the cellular signaling activity of remodeling. In this study, potential signaling pathways that mediate this cellular activity were incorporated in a hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) algorithm. Biological rules were implemented in this model to control recruitment, differentiation, and activation of osteoclasts. Prominent processes for describing recruitment and inhibition of the bone cells, as reported from experimental studies, are utilized. This work focuses on the resorption of a damaged site on a trabecular strut.
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Dolan, E. B., T. J. Vaughan, G. L. Niebur, D. Tallon, and L. M. McNamara. "Understanding the Effects of Thermal Elevations Associated With Orthopedic Intervention: An Experimental and Computational Investigation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14159.

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Specialized surgical cutting instruments are required to provide orthopedic surgeons with access to joints of the body, without causing extensive harm to native tissue, thus enhancing post-operative outcome. Orthopaedic intervention inevitably exposes bone tissue to elevated temperatures due to mechanical abrasion. Elevated temperatures lead to thermal necrosis and apoptosis of bone cells, surrounding soft tissue, bone marrow and stem cells crucial for postoperative healing (1–4). Thermally damaged bone tissue is subsequently resorbed and in severe cases replaced by connective tissue (2, 5) Bone thermal damage occurs when the local temperature exceeds a thermal threshold, largely recognised as ≥47°C (4, 6). Furthermore, it has been proposed that the area of bone to experience thermal damage is directly proportional to the duration of exposure to the heat source (7, 8). However, precise thermal elevations occurring throughout bone during surgical cutting are not well defined. It is also unclear whether temperatures generated in osteocytes in vivo are sufficient to induce cellular responses. Experimental analysis of temperature generation throughout bone is challenging due to its complex heterogeneous composition. There is a specific need for advanced 3D computational models that incorporate multi-scale variability in both bone tissue composition and thermal properties to predict how organ level thermal elevations are distributed throughout bone cells and tissue during orthopaedic cutting procedures.
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Chang, Gerard, Steven Micucci, Eric Smith, Charles Cassidy, Tobi Quinto, Amrit Sagar, and Thomas P. James. "Effect of Sagittal Sawing Parameters on Histopathology of Bone." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62557.

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A sagittal saw is used for resection of bone during joint replacement surgery. During sawing, tissue at the cut surface can be damaged by high temperatures, which may lead to aseptic loosening of implants. To date, there have been no studies relating sagittal sawing parameters to the level of tissue necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using histopathological analysis in assessing the severity of thermal necrosis due to sawing. All sawing experiments were performed on cortical bone taken from fresh bovine femur. A two factor, two level design of experiments was performed looking at applied thrust force from 15 N to 30 N and blade oscillation speed from 12,000 cpm to 18,000 cpm. Each cut was subjected to standard histological preparation and the depth of empty lacunae was measured. Both experimental factors, force and speed, showed a statistically significant effect on the depth of thermal necrosis (p< 0.05). However, the interaction of speed and force did not prove to be statistically significant (p = 0.22). From a clinical perspective, the results indicate that choosing higher blade speeds and applying greater force can reduce the amount of thermal damage during sagittal sawing.
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Hosein, Yara K., Meghan P. Clynick, Sarah E. Takaki, Stewart D. McLachlin, and Cynthia E. Dunning. "The Effect of Intramedullary Stem Curvature on the Torsional Stability of Cemented Joint Replacement Systems." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53530.

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Joint replacement surgeries are a common treatment for diseased or damaged joints. The procedure typically involves the insertion of a metal stemmed component into the bone canal, either with or without bone cement, to achieve fixation to the host bone. Although this procedure has proven effective, implant loosening remains a relatively common complication, leading to pain and the eventual need for revision surgery.
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Liu, B. L., and J. J. McGrath. "Vitrification Solutions for the Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Bone." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32556.

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Osteoblast (OB)-seeded hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold cortical bone substitutes are being developed at Michigan State University. Preservation methods need to be developed to preserve such living products to ensure a steady supply for transplantation. Theoretically vitrification is an attractive method for the cryopreservation of tissue-engineered bone because it can eliminate the destructive effect of ice formation [1]. However, relatively fast cooling and warming rates are required to avoid damage associated with ice crystallization and relatively high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are required to achieve a glassy (vitrified) state. These rapid rates of temperature change may not be possible as tissue-engineered structures become larger. In addition to cell damage, rapid rates may also cause destructive thermo mechanical damage to the scaffold itself. Slower rates can be used to achieve the vitrified state but this requires higher CPA concentrations, which are more toxic. As a means of studying the interactive determinants of an optimal vitrification process for osteoblasts, we have undertaken thermal analysis of a variety of vitrification solutions of interest using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the critical cooling and warming rates. The toxicity dynamics and tendency for the scaffolds to be damaged mechanically by the vitrification process are also examined. Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 40% were studied with and without an ice blocker. Two vitrification “cocktails” (VS55 and VEG) over a concentration range of 80% to 100% were studied with and without an ice blocker. On the basis of these studies 95% VEG with ice blocker was least toxic and yielded the highest recovery (∼90%) for OBs vitrified in liquid suspension. Vitrification does not seem to be detrimental to the bending strength of high density (low porosity) HA scaffolds, but lower density HA scaffolds break more easily after vitrification in some instances.
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Hosein, Yara K., Stewart D. McLachlin, Graham J. W. King, and Cynthia E. Dunning. "Development of Methodology to Assess the Effect of Stem Surface Finish on Implant Loosening." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19603.

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Joint replacement surgery is a common orthopaedic procedure used for the treatment of diseased or damaged joints. The majority of these replacement systems incorporate a stemmed portion which is inserted into the bone canal, either with or without bone cement, to achieve fixation to the host bone. Although this procedure has proven effective, relative displacement at the bone-cement and/or cement-stem interfaces (i.e., implant loosening) is a common complication, leading to pain and the need for revision surgery.
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McGann, Megan E., and Diane R. Wagner. "Fabrication of Cartilage-Bone Specimens for Cartilage Wear Testing." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206724.

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Experimental techniques to repair focal defects in articular cartilage involve replacing a small area of damaged cartilage with an artificial implant. An important consideration with these devices is the potential for cartilage to wear against the implant surface. To evaluate these implants and to screen for optimal materials and finishes, a method to quickly and accurately predict in vivo cartilage wear is required. Although pin-on-disc wear testers are frequently used to evaluate the wear of engineering materials, and multi-station test machines are available commercially for rapid testing, they have not often been used to test cartilage wear.
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Partee, Brock, Scott J. Hollister, and Suman Das. "Fabrication of Polycaprolactone Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using Selective Laser Sintering." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60724.

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Tissue engineering combines principles of the life sciences and engineering to replace and repair damaged human tissue. Present practice generally requires the use of porous, bioresorbable scaffolds to serve as temporary 3D templates to guide cell attachment, differentiation, proliferation, and subsequent regenerate tissue formation. Such scaffolds are anticipated to play an important role in allowing physicians to simultaneously reconstruct and regenerate damaged human tissue such as bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon. Recent research strongly suggests the choice of scaffold material and its internal porous architecture significantly influence regenerate tissue structure and function. However, a lack of versatile biomaterials processing and fabrication methods capable of meeting the complex geometric and compositional requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds has slowed progress towards fully testing these promising findings. It is widely accepted that layered manufacturing methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS) have the potential to fulfill these needs. Our research aims to investigate the viability of using SLS to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), one of the most widely investigated biocompatible, bioresorbable materials for tissue engineering applications. In this work, we report our recent progress on porous scaffold design and fabrication, optimal SLS processing parameter development using systematic factorial design of experiments, and structural characterization via optical microscopy.
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Reports on the topic "Damaged bone"

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Hodnett, John, Ralph Eshelman, Nicholas Gardner, and Vincent Santucci. Geology, Pleistocene paleontology, and research history of the Cumberland Bone Cave: Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296839.

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The Cumberland Bone Cave is a public visitation stop along the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail renowned for its unique fossil resources that help reconstruct Appalachian middle Pleistocene life in the mid-Atlantic region of North America. This site is gated for safety and to prevent unwanted exploration and damage. Approximately 163 taxa of fossil plant and animals have been collected from Cumberland Bone Cave since 1912. Most of the fossils that have been published pertain to mammals, including many extinct or locally extirpated genera and species. Though the early excavations made by the Smithsonian Institution between 1912 and 1915 are the best known of the work at Cumberland Bone Cave, over many decades multiple institutions and paleontologists have collected and studied the fossil resources from this site up until 2012. Today, fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave are housed at various museum collections, including public displays at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. and the Allegany Museum in Cumberland, Maryland. This report summarizes the geology, fossil resources, and the history of excavation and research for Potomac Heritage Trail’s Cumberland Bone Cave.
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Cote, P. J., G. Kendall, and M. Todaro. Laser Pulse Heating Simulation of Firing Damage on Coated Gun Bore Surfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392409.

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Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.12306.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14314.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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Doyle, Jesse D., Nolan R. Hoffman, and M. Kelvin Taylor. Aircraft Arrestor System Panel Joint Improvement. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41342.

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Aircraft Arresting Systems (AAS) for military applications utilize sacrificial panels made of Ultra-High Molecular Weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) that are embedded into the pavement beneath the AAS cable to protect the pavement from cable damage. Problems have been observed with the materials and practices used to seal the UHMWPE panel joints from water and debris. Data obtained from laboratory and field studies were used make improvements to current practice for sealing UHMWPE panel joints. The study evaluated four joint-sealant materials, eight alternative surface treatment and preparation techniques to promote adhesion to UHMWPE, and seven joint-edge geometries. Bond-strength testing of joint-sealant specimens was conducted in the laboratory, followed by field evaluation of construction techniques. Field performance of the joint systems was monitored for 24 months after installation. Additionally, a thermal response model was developed to refine the joint design dimensions. Results confirmed that the best material to use was self-leveling silicone joint sealant. It was recommended that a dovetail groove be cut into the edge of UHMW panels to provide positive mechanical interlock and to reduce adhesive failures of the sealant. It was also recommended that the panel-to-panel joint-sealant reservoir be widened to prevent sealant compression damage.
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Splitter, Gary A., Menachem Banai, and Jerome S. Harms. Brucella second messenger coordinates stages of infection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699864.bard.

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Aim 1: To determine levels of this second messenger in: a) B. melitensiscyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate-regulating mutants (BMEI1448, BMEI1453, and BMEI1520), and b) B. melitensis16M (wild type) and mutant infections of macrophages and immune competent mice. (US lab primary) Aim 2: To determine proteomic differences between Brucelladeletion mutants BMEI1453 (high cyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate, chronic persistent state) and BMEI1520 (low cyclicdimericguanosinemonophosphate, acute virulent state) compared to wild type B. melitensisto identify the role of this second messenger in establishing the two polar states of brucellosis. (US lab primary with synergistic assistance from the Israel lab Aim 3: Determine the level of Brucellacyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate and transcriptional expression from naturally infected placenta. (Israel lab primary with synergistic assistance from the US lab). B. Background Brucellaspecies are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis is characterized by increased abortion, weak offspring, and decreased milk production in animals. Humans are infected with Brucellaby consuming contaminated milk products or via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from occupational hazards. Chronic human infections can result in complications such as liver damage, orchitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. Brucellaspp. have the ability to infect both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Because of this, Brucellaencounter varied environments both throughout the body and within a cell and must adapt accordingly. To date, few virulence factors have been identified in B. melitensisand even less is known about how these virulence factors are regulated. Subsequently, little is known about how Brucellaadapt to its rapidly changing environments, and how it alternates between acute and chronic virulence. Our studies suggest that decreased concentrations of cyclic dimericguanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) lead to an acute virulent state and increased concentrations of c-di-GMP lead to persistent, chronic state of B. melitensisin a mouse model of infection. We hypothesize that B. melitensisuses c-di-GMP to transition from the chronic state of an infected host to the acute, virulent stage of infection in the placenta where the bacteria prepare to infect a new host. Studies on environmental pathogens such as Vibrio choleraeand Pseudomonas aeruginosasupport a mechanism where changes in c-di-GMP levels cause the bacterium to alternate between virulent and chronic states. Little work exists on understanding the role of c-di-GMP in dangerous intracellular pathogens, like Brucellathat is a frequent pathogen in Israeli domestic animals and U.S. elk and bison. Brucellamust carefully regulate virulence factors during infection of a host to ensure proper expression at appropriate times in response to host cues. Recently, the novel secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been identified as a major component of bacterial regulation and we have identified c-di-GMP as an important signaling factor in B. melitensishost adaptation. C. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. The B. melitensis1453 deletion mutant has increased c-di-GMP, while the 1520 deletion mutant has decreased c-di-GMP. 2. Both mutants grow similarly in in vitro cultures; however, the 1453 mutant has a microcolony phenotype both in vitro and in vivo 3. The 1453 mutant has increased crystal violet staining suggesting biofilm formation. 4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an abnormal coccus appearance with in increased cell area. 5. Proteomic analysis revealed the 1453 mutant possessed increased production of proteins involved in cell wall processes, cell division, and the Type IV secretion system, and a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid transport/metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid production, and iron acquisition suggesting less preparedness for intracellular survival. 6. RNAseq analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with the mutants revealed the host immune response is greatly reduced with the 1453 mutant infection. These findings support that microlocalization of proteins involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis serve a second messenger to B. melitensisregulating functions of the bacteria during infection of the host.
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AXIAL COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF SELF-STRESSING STEEL SLAG AGGREGATE CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS WITH BOND-SLIP DAMAGE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2020.16.1.2.

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