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Journal articles on the topic 'Damage valuation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Akujuru, Victor A., and Les Ruddock. "Dichotomising compulsory land acquisition and land contamination valuations." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2013-0040.

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Purpose – This study aims at identifying the consequences of adopting statutory rather than market basis in assessing damages due to contamination to land. Most valuations undertaken to assess compensation for damages due to contamination on land are done with valuation methods prescribed by law for the compulsory acquisition of land. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 80 registered valuation firms with experience in both compulsory acquisition and damage assessment participated in a questionnaire survey to ascertain the methods adopted in valuing when determining the compensation payable as damages due to land contamination and the need for a framework for such valuations, in addition to some archival documents relating to the relevant laws and some purposively selected valuation reports, which were reviewed. Findings – The results of the analysis indicate that the use of compulsory acquisition valuation methods results in inadequate damages, which engenders conflicts among the stakeholders. The absence of any framework for damage assessment is responsible for the current practice in the Niger Delta, and it is recommended that international best practices utilising market basis of valuation be adopted. Research limitations/implications – Most valuation methods available are useful for valuing commercial properties regularly traded in the market and not applicable to the Niger Delta, which is mostly rural with very few market transactions. It is expected that this study will enable oil and gas industry operators, professional valuers advising the land owners or operators in the industry and the government to differentiate compensation paid for compulsory acquisition and compensation required to placate those suffering losses due to contamination. Practical implications – The findings will assist professional valuers to be more professional in valuing contaminated land devastated by oil spills. Social implications – Adopting the findings will engender a greater acceptability of the results of valuations undertaken in the wake of an oil spillage disaster and ensure a peaceful environment for the oil operators and the entire populace. Originality/value – The findings of this study are expected to assist policymakers in emerging economies and professional valuers acting in these environments to avoid precipitating crises by adopting inappropriate valuation techniques when assessing damages due to contamination. This study is original and has not been published elsewhere.

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2

Eyler, Robert. "Brand Damage Valuation: Theory and Practice." International Journal of Wine Marketing 17, no. 2 (February 2005): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb008786.

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3

Poe, Gregory L. "Valuation of groundwater quality using a contingent valuation-damage function approach." Water Resources Research 34, no. 12 (December 1998): 3627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900010.

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4

Crost, Benjamin, and Christian P. Traeger. "Optimal CO2 mitigation under damage risk valuation." Nature Climate Change 4, no. 7 (June 15, 2014): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2249.

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5

Lipscomb, Clifford, Max Kummerow, Will Spiess, Sarah Kilpatrick, and John Kilpatrick. "CONTINGENT VALUATION AND REAL ESTATE DAMAGE ESTIMATION." Journal of Real Estate Literature 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2011.12090303.

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6

Frontuto, Vito, Silvana Dalmazzone, Francesco Salcuni, and Alessandro Pezzoli. "Risk Aversion, Inequality and Economic Evaluation of Flood Damages: A Case Study in Ecuador." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 10068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310068.

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While floods and other natural disasters affect hundreds of millions of people globally every year, a shared methodological approach on which to ground impact valuations is still missing. Standard Cost-Benefit Analyses typically evaluate damages by summing individuals’ monetary equivalents, without taking into account income distribution and risk aversion. We propose an empirical application of alternative valuation approaches developed in recent literature, including equity weights and risk premium multipliers, to a case study in Ecuador. The results show that accounting for inequality may substantially alter the conclusions of a standard vulnerability approach, with important consequences for policy choices pertaining damage compensation and prioritization of intervention areas.

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7

Solntsev, V. S., O. Ye Kyiashko, N. B. Klymova, and N. V. Nestor. "The international experience of damages valuation criteria application for measuring losses through intellectual property illegal exploitation." Ukrainian Society 77, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.02.154.

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One of the main goals of intellectual property rights is to ensure financial protection of intellectual property rights of the rightsholder in case of violation. The article analyses the international experience of damages valuation criteria application for measuring losses through illegal exploitation of intellectual property (patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc.). The ability to make preliminary damage measuring due to the illegal use of intellectual property helps make better litigation choices. It is crucial to understand the basic approaches and damages valuation criteria in determining material loss. On the one hand, it helps the rightsholder make an informed and optimal decision to recover a reasonable amount of compensation in court. On the other hand, understanding the approach to determining damages affects the type and number of witnesses, facts, and experts involved in defending the case. Authors consider approaches and damage criteria for assessing the loss caused to rightsholders on the example of the European Union, the United States, and Colombia. It is shown that the same criteria are used in different countries for damages: lost benefit of the rightsholder; the profit of the offender; lump sum damage and/or hypothetical (“reasonable”) royalties; compensation established by law; coverage of other indirect losses. However, applying these criteria in different countries is different for the reimbursement of different types of intellectual property rights. The international experience analysis of damages valuation criteria application for measuring losses through intellectual property illegal exploitation allows to improve the normative-legal field in Ukraine and create a national methodology of damages measuring caused by illegal exploitation of the intellectual property.

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8

FANKHAUSER, SAMUEL, RICHARD S. J. TOL, and DAVID W. PEARCE. "Extensions and alternatives to climate change impact valuation: on the critique of IPCC Working Group III's impact estimates." Environment and Development Economics 3, no. 1 (February 1998): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98000047.

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The paper discusses valuation issues in the context of climate change impact estimation. Issues addressed are aggregation of damage costs over diverse regions (particularly equity-weighting), differentiation of per-unit values, willingness to pay versus willingness to accept compensation as a basis for valuation, and accountability for impacts. Numerical illustrations show that the damage cost estimates are quite sensitive to the assumptions made on these issues.

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9

O'Neil, William. "On the usefulness of the Contingent Valuation Method for resource damage assessments and ecosystem valuation." Forum for Social Economics 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778826.

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10

SUHINA, Оlena. "ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO VALUATION OF DAMAGE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.01.054.

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In connection with Ukraine’s preparation to accession to the EU, legislative acts include provisions for the implementation of an ecosystem approach to managerial practice. Therefore, it is important to develop methodological approaches to valuation of damage from environmental pollution based on the use of the ecosystem approach. The following issues are developed: (i) innovative methodology of ecosystem estimation of such losses; (ii) corresponding author’s model of estimation; (iii) classification of these losses; (iv) methods of differentiation of the size of its’ compensation depending on the type of ecosystem, which is a novelty of the research. The main directions of development of the theory of losses from volley and other accidental pollutions, taking into account ecosystem principles (including factor of time), are presented. It is established that (unlike traditional ones) the most up-to-date in foreign practice and the newest method of estimating economic losses from environmental pollution is their valuation on the basis of the cost of restoration works, since this takes into account the market value of resources and services involved in the work on restoration, i. e. rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems to the state preceding the damage caused. Under the modern technology development, the basis for such a valuation may be the conditional equalization of the cost of “work” of an assimilation potential of ecosystem to the cost of work of an artificial waste recycling plant. An example of estimation of the cost of “work” of the assimilation potential of the soil ecosystem and the use of ecosystem approach to valuation of damage from soil contamination, based on estimation of the cost of remediation and bioremediation of soils, is presented. On the basis of the author’s methodological approach, the size of the correlation coefficients accounting the assimilation properties of ecosystems is determined for differentiation of the volume of compensation of economic losses from volley and other accidental pollutions (as a component of the author\\\'s economical classification of assimilation services of ecosystems of Ukraine).

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11

MATSUSHIMA, Kakuya, Katsumi WAKIGAWA, Masamitsu ONISHI, Hiroyuki ITOH, and Kiyoshi KOBAYASHI. "ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MENTAL DAMAGE IN A FLOOD DISASTER." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 24 (2007): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.24.263.

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12

Michel, Allen, and Israel Shaked. "VALUATION OF DAMAGE CLAIMS: AN APPLICATION OF CORPORATE FINANCE." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 19, no. 3 (April 1992): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1992.tb00636.x.

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13

Sands, Philippe, and Richard B. Stewart. "Valuation of Environmental Damage-US and International Law Approaches." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 5, no. 4 (December 1996): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1996.tb00292.x.

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14

Moretti, Laura, Davide Dragone, and Giuseppe di Pellegrino. "Reward and Social Valuation Deficits following Ventromedial Prefrontal Damage." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21011.

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Lesion and imaging studies have implicated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in economic decisions and social interactions, yet its exact functions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the vmPFC represents the subjective value or desirability of future outcomes during social decision-making. Both vmPFC-damaged patients and control participants acted as the responder in a single-round ultimatum game. To test outcome valuation, we contrasted concrete, immediately available gains with abstract, future ones. To test social valuation, we contrasted interactions with a human partner and those involving a computer. We found that, compared to controls, vmPFC patients substantially reduced their acceptance rate of unfair offers from a human partner, but only when financial gains were presented as abstract amounts to be received later. When the gains were visible and readily available, the vmPFC patients' acceptance of unfair offers was normal. Furthermore, unlike controls, vmPFC patients did not distinguish between unfair offers from a human agent and those from a computerized opponent. We conclude that the vmPFC encodes the expected value of abstract, future goals in a common neural currency that takes into account both reward and social signals in order to optimize economic decision-making.

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15

Michel, Jacqueline. "NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE AMAZON VENTURE OIL SPILL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-303.

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ABSTRACT The release of approximately 500,000 gallons of No. 6 fuel oil into the Savannah River on December 4 to 6, 1986 resulted in extensive contamination of wetlands. The extreme tidal currents transported the oil over 100 river miles, heavily contaminating 650 acres of wetlands and lightly contaminating 690 acres. The affected area included the Savannah National Wildilfe Refuge and wetland and fishery resources within the states of Georgia and South Carolina. A natural resources damage assessment was conducted, focusing on damages to the wetlands, using replacement cost and two different loss-of-use valuation methods. Damages to fisheries and wildlife were estimated using the draft Type A computer model. Other costs included impacts to a three-year study at the refuge. The initial assessment valuation ranged from $640,000 to $3.0 million. The out-of-court settlement was $1.2 million. The assessment followed the spirit of the Type A assessment, as a simple method using readily available information, without the constraints of the computer model, which was not appropriate to the spill conditions.

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16

Luthi, Randall B., Linda B. Burlington, Eli Reinharz, and Sharon K. Shutler. "THE SECOND GENERATION OF NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS: LESSONS LEARNED?1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-727.

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ABSTRACT The Damage Assessment Regulations Team (DART), under the Office of General Counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has centered its efforts on developing natural resource damage assessment regulations for oil pollution in navigable waters. These procedures will likely lower the costs associated with damage assessments, encourage joint cooperative assessments and simplify most assessments. The DART team of NOAA is developing new regulations for the assessment of damages due to injuries related to oil spills under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. These regulations will involve coordination, restoration, and economic valuation. Various methods are currently being developed to assess damages for injuries to natural resources. The proposed means include: compensation tables for spills under 50,000 gallons, Type A model, expedited damage assessment (EDA) procedures, and comprehensive procedures. They are being developed to provide trustees with a choice for assessing natural resource damages for each oil spill.

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17

Imamura, Yoko, Kenichi Uemura, Hiroshi Ryu, Yoshiji Kojima, and Mitsuo Kaneko. "The method of higher brain function valuation for brain damage." Higher Brain Function Research 8, no. 3 (1988): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2496/apr.8.217.

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18

Henderson, Douglas M. "Selection of projects for damage mitigation using a valuation approach." International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management 1, no. 2 (2010): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbcrm.2010.033639.

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19

DEMÄ°RBUGAN, Dr Alper. "Environmental Valuation of Investment Projects With Point of â€˜Production Approachâ€™:KorudanlÄ±k Gold-Silver Mine Project in Turkey." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 2168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i3.4694.

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Monetary valuation of changes in environmental quality has a great importance in evaluation of investment projects.The benefit or avoided damage cost from a project to change environmental quality is captured by individuals' wilingness to pay(WTP). Valuation methods based on WTP can mainly be categoriesed in two groups as 'production approach' and 'utility approach'. In this study, concept of wilingness to pay and valuation methods based on 'production approach' are investigated with an application to a mine project in Turkey.

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20

Yue, Chengyan, Helen H. Jensen, Daren S. Mueller, Gail R. Nonnecke, Douglas Bonnet, and Mark L. Gleason. "Estimating Consumers' Valuation of Organic and Cosmetically Damaged Apples." HortScience 42, no. 6 (October 2007): 1366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.6.1366.

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The sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) disease complex causes cosmetic damage but does not affect the safety or eating quality of apples. Treatment for disease is more difficult and costly for organic producers, and consumers' willingness to pay for organic apples needs to be considered in growers' choice of production technologies. A mixed probit model was applied to survey data to evaluate consumers' willingness to buy apples. The results show consumers will pay a premium for organic production methods and for apples with low amounts of SBFS damage. Behavioral variables such as experience growing fruit significantly affect the willingness to buy apples of different damage levels. Consumers have limited tolerance of very blemished apples and trade off production technology attributes for cosmetic appearance. Better understanding of this tradeoff can improve organic producers' decisions about disease control.

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21

Jonaidi, Dona, and Andri Wibisana. "KONSEP GUGATAN PEMERINTAH ATAS PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN: KOMPARASI ANTARA INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT." Arena Hukum 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 268–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01402.4.

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In recent years, the Minister of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) has intensified the use of its rights to sue for environmental damage. In most of the lawsuits, the courts have ruled in favor of the MoEF. Surprisingly, hitherto no restoration has taken place in areas where the MoEF’s claims for damages have been granted. Based on conceptual and comparative approaches, this research addresses the restoration of environmental damage in the United States of America and Indonesia. This article finds some problems with the restoration of environmental damage in Indonesia, such as the absence of a Recovery Plan, the use of theoretical damage valuation methods, and the absence of full compensation measures. This article also proposes some recommendations to improve the implementation of the government’s right to sue in Indonesia.

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22

Boudreaux, Denis O., Praveen Das, Nancy Rumore, and SPUma Rao. "A Better Way To Measure The Cost Of Equity Capital For Small Closely Held Firms." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i2.6789.

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A companys cost of capital is the average rate it pays for the use of its capital funds. Estimating the cost of equity capital for a publicly traded firm is much simpler than estimating the same for a small privately held firm. For privately owned firms there is the lack of market based financial information. In business damage cases, valuation of the firm is often a prime interest. A necessary variable in the valuation process is the estimate of the firms cost of capital. Part of the cost of capital is the equity holders or owners required rate of return. The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical structure that underlies the valuation process for business damage cases that involve privately owned businesses. Specifically, cost of equity capital estimate methods which appear in the current literature are examined, and a theoretically correct and simple method to measure cost of equity capital for closely held companies is offered.

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23

Mazzotta, Marisa J., James J. Opaluch, and Thomas A. Grigalunas. "RESTORATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-721.

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ABSTRACT To date, the focus of damage assessment has tended to be either on economic valuation of lost services in monetary terms or on scientific studies of resource restoration. This paper suggests an alternative approach that integrates legal concepts based on the public trust doctrine, economic methods of determining compensation, and scientific approaches to restoration. The approach is based on a definition of restoration as a remedy for oil spill damages which identifies alternative restoration actions that provide resource services that are “equally desirable” to society as those lost due to the spill. The least costly of these alternatives is then selected as the cost-effective means of making the public whole.

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Travassos, Silvana Karina de Melo, José Carlos de Lacerda Leite, and Jose Isidio de Freitas Costa. "Contingent Valuation Method and the beta model: an accounting economic vision for environmental damage in Atlântico Sul Shipyard." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 29, no. 77 (February 19, 2018): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201802900.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to apply the beta model as an alternative to the Valuation Method in order to estimate the environmental asset Willingness to Pay (WTP) so that the Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco (TCE/PE) can supervise the Atlântico Sul Shipyard (ASS) as a negative environmental externality, which is discussed here from an accounting perspective. Our methodology is exploratory, and the beta regression model was used in the contingent valuation to estimate the environmental asset. The results allowed estimating the value of the Ipojuca mangrove at US$ 134,079,793.50, and the value of the environmental damage caused by the shipyard to the public asset was valued at US$ 61,378,155.37. This latter value is object of interest to the inspection body. However, the final estimated value of the Ipojuca mangrove prompts a discussion about the implications from an accounting point of view, such as the attribution of monetary value to a public asset that does not have a financial value, problems regarding the conceptualization and valuation of public assets for governmental patrimony. It is concluded that the beta regression model to estimate the WTP for contingent valuation will serve as a contribution to the research on accounting measurement techniques for public assets.

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Dunford, Richard W., Sara P. Hudson, and William H. Desvousges. "EXPERIMENTAL CONTINGENT VALUES FOR REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE FROM OIL SPILLS1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-699.

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ABSTRACT Recently, government agencies, acting as trustees for natural resources, have sought substantial claims from potentially responsible parties for natural resource damages resulting from oil spills. Often, non-use damages, which involve losses suffered by people who never use the injured resources, constitute large components of these damage claims. To date, the only method used for measuring these non-use damages is contingent valuation (CV), which uses survey questions to elicit respondents' expressed values for non-market goods. Because CV is the only method available for measuring non-use damages, its estimates need to accurately reflect the true damages. Our results indicate that CV does not provide accurate estimates of these values, which implies that CV is not sufficiently reliable for assessing non-use damages from oil spills. (As part of the same study, we conducted another experiment on valuing different levels of protection for migratory waterfowl in the central fly way, the results of which also indicate that CV does not yield accurate estimates of non-use values for damage assessments.6)

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Carson, Richard T. "Contingent Valuation: A Practical Alternative when Prices Aren't Available." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.27.

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A person may be willing to make an economic tradeoff to assure that a wilderness area or scenic resource is protected even if neither that person nor (perhaps) anyone else will actually visit this area. This tradeoff is commonly labeled “passive use value.” Contingent valuation studies ask questions that help to reveal the monetary tradeoff each person would make concerning the value of goods or services. Such surveys are a practical alternative approach for eliciting the value of public goods, including those with passive use considerations. First I discuss the Exxon Valdez oil spill of March 1989, focusing on why it is important to measure monetary tradeoffs for goods where passive use considerations loom large. Although discussions of contingent valuation often focus on whether the method is sufficiently reliable for use in assessing natural resource damages in lawsuits, it is important to remember that most estimates from contingent valuation studies are used in benefit–cost assessments, not natural resource damage assessments. Those working on benefit–cost analysis have long recognized that goods and impacts that cannot be quantified are valued, implicitly, by giving them a limitless value when government regulations preclude certain activities, or giving them a value of zero by leaving certain consequences out of the analysis. Contingent valuation offers a practical alternative for reducing the use of either of these extreme choices. I put forward an affirmative case for contingent valuation and address a number of the concerns that have arisen.

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REIS, Clayton, Debora Cristina de Castro da ROCHA, and Edilson Santos da ROCHA. "A VALORAÇÃO DO DANO MORAL PELO PODER JUDICIÁRIO: A CONCREÇÃO DO DANO EXPERIMENTADO PELA VÍTIMA A PARTIR DA PROPOSITURA DE UM MÉTODO OBJETIVO DE VALORAÇÃO." Percurso 2, no. 29 (April 3, 2019): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revpercurso.2316-7521.v2i29.3499.

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RESUMOBuscar-se á mediante a pesquisa qualitativa na doutrina e jurisprudência e ainda sob uma perspectiva argumentativa indutiva, uma proposta de valoração do “dano moral”, no intento de se desenvolver um método valorativo que possa nortear a magistratura, fortalecer a doutrina e amparar a jurisprudência, com vistas à sistematização dos critérios e parâmetros que presidirão a indenização por danos morais, evitando-se que a compensação em pecúnia venha a se transformar em arbitrariedade, o que culminaria com um colapso completo dos princípios básicos do Estado Democrático de Direito. Para tanto, trazer-se á uma análise acerca do reconhecimento histórico do instituto, os métodos e critérios utilizados e por fim discorrer-se-á sobre a proposição de um método objetivo de valoração como meio de concreção do dano como forma de mitigar o risco da tarifação judicial e alcançar a tão almejada reparação integral. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Responsabilidade Civil; Dano Moral; Valoração do Dano Moral; Direitos da Personalidade; Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. ABSTRACTIt will be sought through the quantitative and qualitative research in doctrine and jurisprudence and also from a logical-deductive argumentative perspective, a proposal of valuation of the "moral damage", in the attempt to develop a value method that can guide the judiciary, strengthen the doctrine and support the jurisprudence, with a view to systematizing the criteria and parameters that will preside the indemnification for moral damages, avoiding that the compensation in pecunia will turn into arbitrariness, which would culminate with a complete collapse of the basic principles of the Democratic State right. In order to do so, we shall analyze the historical recognition of the institute, the methods and criteria used and finally discuss the proposition of an objective valuation method as a means of concretizing the damage as a way to mitigate the risk of legal fees and achieve the long-awaited full reparation. KEYWORDS: Civil Liability; Moral Damage; Valuation of Moral Damage; Personality Rights; Dignity of the Human Person.

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Corsi, Alessandra Cristina, Paulo Brito Moreira de Azevedo, and Marcelo Fischer Gramani. "DAMAGE VALUATION ARISING FROM FLOOD IN SÃO LUIZ DO PARAITINGA (SP)." Revista de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/geas.v1i2.26.

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Murasawa, Yusuke, Tetsuya Nemoto, Zenzo Isogai, and Izumi Kondo. "Valuation of Dermal Connective Tissue under the Loading of Mechanical Damage." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2016 (2016): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2016.605.

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Murasawa, Yusuke, Tetsuya Nemoto, Zenzo Isogai, and Izumi Kondo. "Valuation of Dermal Connective Tissue under The Loading of Mechanical Damage." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2017 (2017): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2017.653.

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31

Vetter, Flávia, Rodrigo Torres Pereira, Lilian Lígia Block, Wellington Menyrval Zaitter, Rogério Nogueira de Oliveira, and Mário Marques Fernandes. "Critical analysis of methodologies for valuation of esthetic damage and the forensic application in Brazil." RSBO 1, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v1i3.489.

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Introduction: The esthetic damage is any pejorative modification in static or dynamic expression, perceived by any sense, affecting the image of the person. The esthetic damage repair has legal support in Brazilian legislation. Objective: to systematize the different existing methods for valuation of esthetic damages, critically analyze their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages; and evaluate whether these methods would have been validated in any population inside or outside of Brazil. Literature review: The adoption of the use of tables, formulas and coefficients was insufficient to overcome the limitations of each method, such as those supported by the measurement of a single scar or by the teeth. Conclusion: All available subjective methods, except for AIEL method did not havescientific evidence, lacking validation in any country, and requiring proof of methodology.

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Flávia Vetter, Rodrigo Torres Pereira, Lilian Lígia Block, Wellington Menyrval Zaitter, Rogério Nogueira de Oliveira, and Mário Marques Fernandes. "Critical analysis of methodologies for valuation of esthetic damage and the forensic application in Brazil." RSBO 14, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v14i3.663.

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The esthetic damage is any pejorative modification in static or dynamic expression, perceived by any sense, affecting the image of the person. The esthetic damage repair has legal support in Brazilian legislation. Objective: to systematize the different existing methods for valuation of esthetic damages, critically analyze their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages; and evaluate whether these methods would have been validated in any population inside or outside of Brazil. Literature review: The adoption of the use of tables, formulas and coefficients was insufficient to overcome the limitations of each method, such as those supported by the measurement of a single scar or by the teeth. Conclusion: All available subjective methods, except for AIEL method did not have scientific evidence, lacking validation in any country, and requiring proof of methodology.

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Nunes, Paulo A. L. D., and Anil Markandya. "Economic value of damage caused by marine bio-invasions: lessons from two European case studies." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 5 (May 13, 2008): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn078.

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Abstract Nunes, P. A. L. D., and Markandya, A. 2008. Economic value of damage caused by marine bio-invasions: lessons from two European case studies. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 775–780. We illustrate the use of alternative, non-market valuation methods to estimate the economic value of the social damage caused by marine bio-invasions. First, we present and discuss the motivation to perform an economic valuation of marine ecosystem quality in general and the protection of marine ecosystems against invasive species in particular. Second, we examine in detail two empirical applications of economic value assessment of social damage attributable to marine bio-invasions. One of these looks at ballast water management programmes in Rotterdam harbour, the Netherlands, and the second investigates management practices for the Manila clam in Venice Lagoon. Finally, we explore the relevance of this economic information for cost–benefit analysis and policy guidance.

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Milon, J., and Sergio Alvarez. "Coastal Resources Economics and Ecosystem Valuation." Water 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112206.

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The papers in this special issue provide new insights into ongoing research to value coastal and marine ecosystem services, and offer meaningful information for policymakers and resource managers about the economic significance of coastal resources for planning, restoration, and damage assessment. Study areas encompass a broad geographic scope from the Gulf of Mexico in the United States, to the Caribbean, the European Union, Australia, and Southeast Asia. The focus of these papers ranges from theoretical perspectives on linkages between ecosystem services and resource management, to the actual integration of valuation information in coastal and marine resource policy decisions, and to the application of economic valuation methods to specific coastal and marine resource management problems. We hope readers will appreciate these new contributions to the growing literature on coastal and marine resource ecosystem services valuation.

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Martín-Ortega, Julia, Roy Brouwer, and Harry Aiking. "Medida de la compensación del daño ambiental en la Directiva de Responsabilidad Ambiental: lecciones aprendidas del caso Aznalcóllar-Doñana." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 10, no. 1 (October 12, 2011): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2010.01.02.

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The Aznalcóllar mine tailings spill near the Doñana Park (Spain), taking place in 1998, is analyzed in the context of the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD). The ELD imposes liability on operators of risky activities for environmental damage, including the compensation for interim losses. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of economic valuation in the measurement of the compensation in the context of the ELD and derive some lessons for future applications. The results show that the measures carried out after the accident (Green Corridor) did not compensate for the damage at Doñana. This study points out the need of a deeper analysis of non-use values, the control of protest answers and the set up of valuation scenarios specific to the interim losses.

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Kumar, A., and S. Gupta. "(A289) Developing Damage Assessment Methodology with Community Participation — Case Study of the 2010 Leh Flash Flood." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002731.

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The frequency of catastrophic events has increased considerably in recent times. As a result, impacts of such catastrophes have multiplied exponentially. It is the responsibility of the government to revive and reconstruct the communities and economies affected by disasters. Domestic institutions should be resilient enough to absorb the shocks and mitigate the impacts. Too often, damage assessments rely on quantification in terms of monetary valuations of damage. This approach has created various distortions in valuation. Damage evaluation in developed countries is higher because of the monetary value of infrastructure and housing. On the contrary, in a poor, informal settlement, the value of the damage is less, but the impact is huge from a human development perspective. The government follows a standard procedure for items and means of assistance for initiating post-disaster recovery and response. All affected families are entitled to compensation based on the damage done to life and property, irrespective of socio-economic conditions. All items are listed beforehand, with their monetary values ascertained respectively. This paper examines Leh (Ladakh, India), which was struck by heavy flash flood in the month August 2010. It explores the methodology adopted for damage assessment in 42 affected villages of Leh. This case study demonstrates the inherent drawbacks of the standard procedure and methodology in assessing post-disaster damage and needs assessments, and analyzes the role of community participation in household and community damage assessment. The paper presents recommendations for a flexible and accommodating approach for conducting damage assessments on a contextual basis.

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Croci, Edoardo, Benedetta Lucchitta, and Tommaso Penati. "Valuing Ecosystem Services at the Urban Level: A Critical Review." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031129.

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This paper critically analyses the methodologies that can be adopted to value ecosystem services (ESs) at the urban level through a literature review. While literature on ES valuation has grown in recent years, its application to urban contexts is still limited. Twenty-five papers, which include 29 different case studies, carry out an economic valuation and have undergone an in-depth analysis. The papers have been selected out of 80 papers detected through keywords. Six different valuation methodologies have been employed in the case studies. The most common ESs valued at the urban level are air quality regulation, local climate regulation, carbon sequestration and storage, and aesthetic appreciation and inspiration for culture, art, and design. The methodologies recur with different frequencies in the valuation of ESs at the urban level. Choice modeling and contingent valuation methodologies are used to value a variety of ESs, including regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Other methodologies are used to value only specific ESs. The replacement cost and damage cost avoided methodologies are used for the assessment of regulation services only; the travel cost method and contingent valuation are used for cultural services only. The results indicate that the considered valuation methodologies show different levels of appropriateness with respect to specific ES categories. Therefore, there is a need to expand the application of valuation methodologies to capture the value of all ESs provided by natural resources, in order to protect and enhance them.

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Quah, Euston, Edward Choa, and K. C. Tan. "Use of damage schedules in environmental valuation: The case of urban Singapore." Applied Economics 38, no. 13 (July 20, 2006): 1501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840500399842.

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Bonnieux, F., and P. Rainelli. "Learning from the Amoco Cadiz oil spill: damage valuation and court's ruling." Industrial & Environmental Crisis Quarterly 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108602669300700302.

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French, D. A. "Environmental Damage in International and Comparative Law: Problems of Definition and Valuation." Journal of Environmental Law 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/15.2.266.

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Chen, Shuzhen, and Desheng Wu. "Adapting ecological risk valuation for natural resource damage assessment in water pollution." Environmental Research 164 (July 2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.005.

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Pearce, David. "Economic valuation and health damage from air pollution in the developing world." Energy Policy 24, no. 7 (July 1996): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(96)00051-1.

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Young, Christopher, and James Janos. "Incongruent Court Advice: Examining Fair Value and Fair Market Value Standards in Commercial Damage Cases Pursuant to Minority Claims." Journal of Forensic Economics 28, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2019): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/jfe-425.

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Abstract The standard of value in shareholder oppression and dissolution cases for a valuation of a minority shareholder's interest in a business in most U.S. states is fair value. The fair value standard in most U.S. states excludes discounts for control and lack of marketability. However, the three valuation approaches commonly used (income, market, and asset) all yield different levels of value. Consequently, this can unfairly negatively or positively impact minority and oppressed shareholders. In this paper we examine these inconsistencies and offer a solution to arriving at a level of value the trier of fact is seeking to obtain.

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Kotāne, Silvija. "OFFENSES AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT, ESSENTIAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN THEORY AND PRACTICE." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 78 (March 31, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i78.2795.

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This paper shall review of the development of environmental criminal – legal protection in the Republic of Latvia. One of the most complicated valuation terms in Criminal law is essential harm. The adverse effects of marking, used assessment concept – "essential harm" to the Criminal Law Section 11, provisions are included as a criminal offense frame sign. Valuation concept „essential harm” or “significant damage” is widely used. Material injury is one of the mandatory features of the objective of acriminal offence defining the legal classification of the offence and, inany particular case, to assess the nature and consequences of thedamage in relation to the interests laid down by the law. In all cases, regulation is not specified. Significant damage and other interests protected by law in nature and severity to determine the natural environment, human health can be an expert evaluation. In deciding the question of material injury, which is especially qualifying characteristic of the Criminal Law Article 109, followed to the Special Law Annex 1 "Criteria for the detectable threat or significant risk to the law protected the interests of the forest environment conservation." With regard to essential harm the forest environment, evaluation is embedded in the law and are applied in practice.

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Becker, Nir, and David Katz. "Economic valuation of resuscitating the Dead Sea." Water Policy 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.050.

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As a result of diversion of upstream waters and intensive mineral extraction along its shores, the level of the Dead Sea is dropping at a rate of almost one meter per year, causing the sea continuously to break its own record as the lowest place on earth. The loss of the sea and the accompanying ecological and cultural damage in the basin has traditionally been regarded as an unavoidable consequence of rational economic policy. This study investigates for the first time the non-market economic value of conservation of the Dead Sea basin using both contingent valuation (stated preference) and travel cost (revealed preference) studies. Study results indicate that all three local populations, Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian, demonstrate a substantial willingness to pay to preserve the cultural and environmental heritage of the region. Such results strengthen the case for conservation of the region, which, heretofore, has relied strictly on ethical and ecological rationales.

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Rodríguez Temiño, Ignacio. "Assessing Damage to Archaeological Heritage in Criminal and Administrative Proceedings." Heritage 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 408–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010029.

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The economic assessment of damage to movable and immovable objects considered part of archaeological heritage is a matter of increasing interest, both at the legal level and in terms of government management. The primary reason for this interest is the urgent need to agree on a sound and reliable approach to economically quantifying not so much the cultural value of the damage caused as the civil liability for having caused it in those cases in which it was produced by a harmful human act. Assessment methods require a broad consensus to be considered reliable. The lack of consideration given to this matter has only made the absence of such a consensus more acute. This paper offers a mainly Spanish case-based analysis of the most common valuation methods for both movable and immovable archaeological objects. With regard to movable objects, it examines the problems involved in both the exclusive use of an object’s market price as its cultural value and the lack of justification for the chosen valuation system, concluding that current methods are insufficient. This insufficiency, also perceived by the authors of the expert reports used in the analyzed proceedings, has been dealt with arbitrarily. With regard to immovable object, it concludes that the systems currently used to assess the damage to sites are likewise insufficient, despite having been legally acknowledged in some cases. This paper will thus examine the methods used in environmental assessments—whose parallels with archaeological heritage are clear—and proposes that they be adapted for this purpose.

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Magliano, Mauro Mendonça, and Humberto Angelo. "THE LACK OF ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE VALUATION - A CRITICAL REVIEW OF FUNDÃO DISASTER." CERNE 26, no. 1 (March 2020): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026012640.

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Vaidya, Avinash R., Marcus Sefranek, and Lesley K. Fellows. "Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Damage Alters how Specific Attributes are Weighed in Subjective Valuation." Cerebral Cortex 28, no. 11 (October 23, 2017): 3857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx246.

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Michel, Allen, and Israel Shaked. "The Application of Corporate Finance to the Courtroom: The Case of Damage Valuation." Financial Management 18, no. 3 (1989): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3665642.

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Diamond, Peter A., and Jerry A. Hausman. "Contingent Valuation: Is Some Number Better than No Number?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.4.45.

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Without market outcomes for comparison, internal consistency tests, particularly adding-up tests, are needed for credibility. When tested, contingent valuation has failed. Proponents find surveys tested poorly done. To the authors’ knowledge, no survey has passed these tests. The ‘embedding effect’ is the similarity of willingness-to-pay responses that theory suggests (and sometimes requires) be different. This problem has long been recognized but not solved. The authors conclude that current methods are not suitable for damage assessment or benefit-cost analysis. They believe the problems come from an absence of preferences, not a flaw in survey methodology, making improvement unlikely.

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