Journal articles on the topic 'Damage type'
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Kim, Ju-Won, Kassahun Demissie Tola, Dai Quoc Tran, and Seunghee Park. "MFL-Based Local Damage Diagnosis and SVM-Based Damage Type Classification for Wire Rope NDE." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182894.
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Wire ropes used in various applications such as elevators and cranes to safely carry heavy weights are vulnerable to breakage or cross-sectional loss caused by the external environment. Such damage can pose a serious risk to the safety of the entire structure because damage under tensile force rapidly expands due to concentration of stress. In this study, the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method was applied to diagnose cuts, corrosion, and compression damage in wire ropes. Magnetic flux signals were measured by scanning damaged wire rope specimens using a multi-channel sensor head and a compact data acquisition system. A series of signal-processing procedures, including the Hilbert transform-based enveloping process, was applied to reduce noise and improve the resolution of signals. The possibility of diagnosing several types of damage was verified using enveloped magnetic flux signals. The characteristics of the MFL signals according to each damage type were then analyzed by comparing the extracted damage indices for each damage type. For automated damage type classification, a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier was trained using the extracted damage indices. Finally, damage types were automatically classified as cutting and other damages using the trained SVM classifier.
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SZWEJKOWSKA, MAŁGORZATA, and WOJCIECH TRUSZKOWSKI. "GAME ANIMALS DAMAGE AS A PARTICULAR TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE." sj-economics scientific journal 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v27i4.100.
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The hunting economy is connected with the need to compensate for damages caused bygame animals. Financial compensation for damages caused by the environmental resource belongingto the State Treasury raises a lot of controversy. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyzeeffectiveness of the compensation process. It is described by legal regulations, mainly Hunting Lawafter the amendment of June 2016, the Act on Nature Conservation and executive acts. The articlepresents the characteristics of damege caused by game animals, indicating the criteria such damagesfrom among the total damage to the environment, specific premises for liability for this type ofdamage and the group of entities obliged to repair it. The current system caused discontent amongagricultural producers. Objections were raised both to the amount of compensation and the methodof their calculation. There is announced a special purpose fund in this range. The introduction of thissolution is constantly postponed so far.
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Ghaffarian, S., and N. Kerle. "TOWARDS POST-DISASTER DEBRIS IDENTIFICATION FOR PRECISE DAMAGE AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENTS FROM UAV AND SATELLITE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-297-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Often disasters cause structural damages and produce rubble and debris, depending on their magnitude and type. The initial disaster response activity is evaluation of the damages, i.e. creation of a detailed damage estimation for different object types throughout the affected area. First responders and government stakeholders require the damage information to plan rescue operations and later on to guide the recovery process. Remote sensing, due to its agile data acquisition capability, synoptic coverage and low cost, has long been used as a vital tool to collect information after a disaster and conduct damage assessment. To detect damages from remote sensing imagery (both UAV and satellite images) structural rubble/debris has been employed as a proxy to detect damaged buildings/areas. However, disaster debris often includes vegetation, sediments and relocated personal property in addition to structural rubble, i.e. items that are wind- or waterborne and not necessarily associated with the closest building. Traditionally, land cover classification-based damage detection has been categorizing debris as damaged areas. However, in particular in waterborne disaster such as tsunamis or storm surges, vast areas end up being debris covered, effectively hindering actual building damage to be detected, and leading to an overestimation of damaged area. Therefore, to perform a precise damage assessment, and consequently recovery assessment that relies on a clear damage benchmark, it is crucial to separate actual structural rubble from ephemeral debris. In this study two approaches were investigated for two types of data (i.e., UAV images, and multi-temporal satellite images). To do so, three textural analysis, i.e., Gabor filters, Local Binary Pattern (LBP), and Histogram of the Oriented Gradients (HOG), were implemented on mosaic UAV images, and the relation between debris type and their time of removal was investigated using very high-resolution satellite images. The results showed that the HOG features, among other texture features, have the potential to be used for debris identification. In addition, multi-temporal satellite image analysis showed that debris removal time needs to be investigated using daily images, because the removal time of debris may change based on the type of disaster and its location.</p>
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Le, Thanh-Cao, Duc-Duy Ho, Chi-Thien Nguyen, and Thanh-Canh Huynh. "Structural Damage Localization in Plates Using Global and Local Modal Strain Energy Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4456439.
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This paper presents an improvement to the modal strain energy (MSE) method for identifying structural damages in plate-type structures. A two-step MSE-based damage localization procedure, including a global step and a local step, is newly proposed to enhance the accuracy of detecting the location of structural damage. Firstly, the global step uses the mode shape data on the whole plate to locate the potentially damaged areas. Then, MSE is applied with a more dense mesh size on these local areas to detect damage in more detail. The proposed procedure’s feasibility is verified by analyzing an aluminum plate with various damaged scenarios. This study uses finite element analysis to acquire the plate's natural frequencies and mode shapes in intact and damaged states. A set of two damage detection capacity indicators are also newly presented to evaluate the precision of the proposed procedure. The diagnostic results demonstrate that the proposed approach uses less modal data than the original MSE method and accurately identifies the damage's locations in the plates with various edge conditions. Moreover, the combination of three first mode shapes and a damage threshold of 40% of the maximum normalized damage index gives the best results of damage localization.
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Sabilirrahman, Sabilirrahman, and Rachmat Mudiyono. "ANALYSIS OF THE RIGID PAVEMENT ROAD DAMAGES IN THE SEGMENTS OF PEMALANG - TEGAL: A RESEARCH REVIEWED FROM THE ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND HANDLING." Pondasi 24, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v24i1.4994.
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Road as a transportation system has an important role in Indonesia compared to other modes of transportation such as air and sea transportation. As road is found to be important, this condition must be maintained to keep it in a good condition. In fact, road damage still occurs that it can bother the road users and disrupt the pace of the economic activities of the community. Therefore, a research is needed to get to know factors that cause damages to the road segments of Pemalang - Tegal. This research belongs to descriptive research conducted by previously testing the validity and reliability of the research approach. It is done by looking for factors that cause damages to rigid pavement roads in terms of implementation, and factors causing the type of dominant damage and how to handle it.This resarch was conducted to 70 respondents using a questionnaires previously tested for validity and reliability. Data were obtained from the questionnaires filled by the respondents and then statistically processed through SPSS and AHP method. The results show that one of the causes of rigid pavement road damage viewed from implementation was the poor material processing system. The most dominant types of damages were abrasion, release of granules and wear. by overlaying in a damaged location.Keywords: Causes, Types of damage, How to handle the road Road as a transportation system has an important role in Indonesia compared to other modes of transportation such as air and sea transportation. As road is found to be important, this condition must be maintained to keep it in a good condition. In fact, road damage still occurs that it can bother the road users and disrupt the pace of the economic activities of the community. Therefore, a research is needed to get to know factors that cause damages to the road segments of Pemalang - Tegal. This research belongs to descriptive research conducted by previously testing the validity and reliability of the research approach. It is done by looking for factors that cause damages to rigid pavement roads in terms of implementation, and factors causing the type of dominant damage and how to handle it.This resarch was conducted to 70 respondents using a questionnaires previously tested for validity and reliability. Data were obtained from the questionnaires filled by the respondents and then statistically processed through SPSS and AHP method. The results show that one of the causes of rigid pavement road damage viewed from implementation was the poor material processing system. The most dominant types of damages were abrasion, release of granules and wear. by overlaying in a damaged location.Keywords: Causes, Types of damage, How to handle the road
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LI, S. C., S. H. LIU, and Y. L. WU. "A NEW TYPE OF CAVITATION DAMAGE TRIGGERED BY BOUNDARY-LAYER TURBULENT PRODUCTION." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 20 (August 30, 2007): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907013456.
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A new type of cavitation damage has been observed on the turbines installed at the Three Gorges Power Station despite no cavitation detected during model tests. Metallurgical and fluid dynamic analysis suggests that this cavitation is triggered by boundary-layer turbulent production; the damaged (roughened) spot in turn triggers subsequent cavitation (damage) immediately down stream. This forms a sustainable dynamic process, resulting in long and equal-width streamwise damage-strips with spanwise regularity reflecting the spanwise stochastic characteristics of turbulent production. Owing to the heat effect of cavitation, intergranular corrosion takes place through sensitization process, leaving the damaged surface with a corrosion appearance. Also, bluing presents at the damaged tails, owing to the nature of low-intensity damage. Extremely large turbines are much more susceptible to this type of cavitation (damage) owing to the similarity laws currently employed for turbine development not concerning the freestream turbulence and the boundary-layer dynamics.
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Liu, Chang, Elisabeth Glowatzki, and Paul Albert Fuchs. "Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 47 (November 9, 2015): 14723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515228112.
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In the mammalian cochlea, acoustic information is carried to the brain by the predominant (95%) large-diameter, myelinated type I afferents, each of which is postsynaptic to a single inner hair cell. The remaining thin, unmyelinated type II afferents extend hundreds of microns along the cochlear duct to contact many outer hair cells. Despite this extensive arbor, type II afferents are weakly activated by outer hair cell transmitter release and are insensitive to sound. Intriguingly, type II afferents remain intact in damaged regions of the cochlea. Here, we show that type II afferents are activated when outer hair cells are damaged. This response depends on both ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors, binding ATP released from nearby supporting cells in response to hair cell damage. Selective activation of P2Y receptors increased type II afferent excitability by the closure of KCNQ-type potassium channels, a potential mechanism for the painful hypersensitivity (that we term “noxacusis” to distinguish from hyperacusis without pain) that can accompany hearing loss. Exposure to the KCNQ channel activator retigabine suppressed the type II fiber’s response to hair cell damage. Type II afferents may be the cochlea’s nociceptors, prompting avoidance of further damage to the irreparable inner ear.
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Macaluso, Filippo, Ashwin W. Isaacs, and Kathryn H. Myburgh. "Preferential Type II Muscle Fiber Damage From Plyometric Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.13.
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Context: Plyometric training has been successfully used in different sporting contexts. Studies that investigated the effect of plyometric training on muscle morphology are limited, and results are controversial with regard to which muscle fiber type is mainly affected. Objective: To analyze the skeletal muscle structural and ultrastructural change induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise to determine which type of muscle fibers is predominantly damaged. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eight healthy, untrained individuals (age = 22 ± 1 years, height = 179.2 ± 6.4 cm, weight = 78.9 ± 5.9 kg). Intervention(s): Participants completed an acute bout of plyometric exercise (10 sets of 10 squat-jumps with a 1-minute rest between sets). Main Outcome Measure(s): Blood samples were collected 9 days and immediately before and 6 hours and 1, 2, and 3 days after the acute intervention. Muscle samples were collected 9 days before and 3 days after the exercise intervention. Blood samples were analyzed for creatine kinase activity. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for damage using fluorescent and electron transmission microscopy. Results: Creatine kinase activity peaked 1 day after the exercise bout (529.0 ± 317.8 U/L). Immunofluorescence revealed sarcolemmal damage in 155 of 1616 fibers analyzed. Mainly fast-twitch fibers were damaged. Within subgroups, 7.6% of type I fibers, 10.3% of type IIa fibers, and 14.3% of type IIx fibers were damaged as assessed by losses in dystrophin staining. Similar damage was prevalent in IIx and IIa fibers. Electron microscopy revealed clearly distinguishable moderate and severe sarcomere damage, with damage quantifiably predominant in type II muscle fibers of both the glycolytic and oxidative subtypes (86% and 84%, respectively, versus only 27% of slow-twitch fibers). Conclusions: We provide direct evidence that a single bout of plyometric exercise affected mainly type II muscle fibers.
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Zhang, Qing Xia, Zhong Dong Duan, and Lukasz Jankowski. "Substructure Damages and Excitations Identification Using Measured Response." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.843.
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This paper proposes a methodology on simultaneous identification of substructure excitation and damage. Structural damages are simulated by virtual distortions which are computed together with unknown excitations using the measured responses through the intact isolated substructure model; the damage extent and type is then recovered by a comparison of the virtual and actual distortions. Unknown factors are reduced greatly which allows the method to be applied on practical complex structure. The computational cost is cutoff sharply. A damaged nonlinearity aluminum beam is used in the experimental verification. Both load and damage are successfully identified.
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Allman, Michal, Zuzana Allmanová, Martin Jankovský, Michal Ferenčík, and Valéria Messingerová. "Damage of the Remaining Stands Caused by Various Types of Logging Technology." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020379.
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Forest harvesting causes a lot of damage, which results in damage of the remaining stand. These damages have different character. Their origin, range, and type is affected by the type of machinery, harvesting technology and the machine operator. This paper was focused on the negative impact of three types of forest harvesting technologies to the remaining stand. We considered wheeled skidder technology, and CTL technology with wheeled and tracked chassis. The harvest in stands varied between 21 and 52%, with an average concentration of felling 13.7–95.4 m3 per one skid trail. We observed that the damage rate in stands processed by CTL technology was between 7.3 and 8.03%. Skidder technologies caused damage between 17.8% and 44.6%. The average size of wound caused by CTL technologies was between 167 and 322 cm2. Skidder caused damages with area between 395 and 506 cm2. We also observed differences between damages caused by various types of chassis. CTL technology with tracked chassis caused more damages of timber and tree root system. We used multivariate regression and correlation analyses to evaluate the effect of stand density and intensity of harvest on the intensity of damage. The analyses did not confirm significant impact of these two characteristics on intensity of damage, with coefficients of correlation of 0.22 (stand density) and 0.53 (intensity of harvest).
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Rodgers, Michael A. J. "Reflections on type I photodynamic damage." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 18, no. 2-3 (May 1993): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(93)80080-s.
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Shurygina, Irina, Irina Shurygina, Mikhail Shurygin, Mikhail Shurygin, Lyubov Rodionova, Lyubov Rodionova, Elena Chepurnykh, Elena Chepurnykh, Natalia Ayushinova, and Natalia Ayushinova. "Expression of collagens in the damage area at abdominal adhesions." Acta biomedica scientifica 2, no. 6 (November 30, 2017): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a0a90604689c9.94438754.
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Background. Postoperative adhesions are a serious problem in surgery. However, at the present time molecular
mechanisms of the adhesion process are insufficiently studied.
Aim. To study the dynamics of expression of genes encoding the synthesis of collagen in case of damage to the serosa
on the example of the peritoneum in conditions of aseptic inflammation.
Materials and methods. Aseptic inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity was modeled (Wistar rats, n = 40).
A micro- and macroscopic picture of the damage area was studied. Immunofluorescent staining for Type I collagen
(Col 1A1) was performed. The expression of genes encoding collagen of different types was evaluated using the RT 2 -
Profiler PCR kit Array Rat Wound Healing.
Results. It has been established that the adhesion process with peritoneal damage in aseptic conditions reaches its
maximum by the 30 th day of observation. The same period coincides with the maximum of collagen synthesis in fibro-
blasts in the repair area, revealed by immunofluorescence study. The interrelation of synthesis of type I and III collagens
went as expected – the onset of expression of type III collagen (from day 3) is ahead of the expression of collagen type I
(from day 7). Peak gene expression of collagens type I, Alpha-1 and -2; type III Alpha-1, type IV Alpha-1 and -3, type V
Alpha-1, -2 and -3; type XIV Alpha-1 (Col14a1) falls on the 14th day. For the first time, active involvement of type V
alpha-3 collagen in the adhesion process was noted - we detected both early (from day 1) and maximum intensive (up
to 166.96 times increase in comparison with intact animals).
Conclusion. Perhaps, the hyperexpression of collagen V alpha-3 that we revealed is an important link in the pathogenesis
of adhesion in the abdominal cavity.
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Carminati, M., and S. Ricci. "Structural Damage Detection Using Nonlinear Vibrations." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (September 25, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1901362.
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Nonlinear vibrations emerging from damaged structures are suitable indicators for detecting defects. When a crack arises, its behavior could be approximated like a bilinear stiffness. According to this scheme, typical nonlinear phenomena as the presence of superharmonics in the dynamic response and the variation of the oscillation frequency in time emerge. These physical consequences give the opportunity to study damage detection procedures with relevant improvements with respect to the typical strategies based on linear vibrations, such as high sensitivity to small damages, no need for an accurate comparison model, and behavior not influenced by environmental conditions. This paper presents a methodology, which aims at finding suitable nonlinear phenomena for the damage detection of three contact-type damages in a panel representing a typical aeronautical structural component. At first, structural simulations are executed using MSC Nastran models and reduced dynamic models in MATLAB in order to highlight relevant nonlinear behaviors. Then, proper experimental tests are developed in order to look for the nonlinear phenomena identified: presence of superharmonics in the dynamic response and nonlinear behavior of the lower frequency of vibration, computed using the CWT (continuous wavelet transform). The proposed approach exhibits the possibility to detect and localize contact-type damages present in a realistic assembled structure.
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Halilović, Velid, Dalibor Ballian, Besim Balić, Mario Šarić, Jelena Knežević, and Jusuf Musić. "Istraživanje mehaničkih oštećenja stabala jele i drugih vrsta tijekom eksploatacije – Slučaj Šumarije „Glamoč“." Šumarski list 144, no. 3-4 (April 30, 2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.144.3-4.4.
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Mechanisation used in forest utilisation has an impact on the occurrence of damage in stand and on forest land. The research in this work had the objective of determining damage on fir trees and other tree species during felling and processing of trees and their skidding using the forest cable-skidder. The research wasconducted in mixed beech and fir forests in the area of FMA “Glamočko”, M.U. “Hrbinje-Kujača”. The following data were gathered on damaged trees: tree type, breast height diameter, economic importance of the tree, amount of damage, location of damage, cause of damage, types of damage. Damage was recorded on a total of 305 trees, 133 trees of silver fir (Abies alba), 130 trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), 33 trees of European spruce (Picea abies), 8 trees of rowan/mountain-ash (Sorbusaucuparia) and one tree of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). The overall damage intensity was 18.7%, but together with the old damages, the overall number of ‘wounds’ is 496. According to this, when the old damage isalso considered, then the intensity of damage amounts to 30.6%. The largest amount of damage is in the diameter sub-class ranging from 10 to 14.99 cm. According to the cause of damage, the largest amount of damage occurred during the wood extraction phase (217 trees), while during the felling phase, 88 trees or 29% were damaged. Since the wood extraction phase is divided into the winching and skidding phases, the total number of damaged trees during the winching phase amounted to 157 or 52%, while during the skidding phase, the number of damaged trees was 60 or 19%. To reduce damage to the trees during following operations in forest utilisation, it is necessary to perform more frequent training of all employees working on forest utilisation, to increase controls in execution of operations during forest utilisation, modernise machines used during forest exploitation, and in quality manner open compartments with forest road infrastructure.
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Modarres, Ceena, Nicolas Astorga, Enrique Lopez Droguett, and Viviana Meruane. "Convolutional neural networks for automated damage recognition and damage type identification." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 25, no. 10 (July 10, 2018): e2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.2230.
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Nikolova, I. "Pea weevil damage and chemical characteristics of pea cultivars determining their resistance to Bruchus pisorum L." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315001133.
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AbstractBruchus pisorum (L.) is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated pea in Europe. Development of resistant cultivars is very important to environmental protection and would solve this problem to a great extent. Therefore, the resistance of five spring pea cultivars was studied to B. pisorum: Glyans, Modus; Kamerton and Svit and Pleven 4 based on the weevil damage and chemical composition of seeds. The seeds were classified as three types: healthy seeds (type one), damaged seeds with parasitoid emergence holes (type two) and damaged seeds with bruchid emergence holes (type three). From visibly damaged pea seeds by pea weevil B. pisorum was isolated the parasitoid Triaspis thoracica Curtis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Modus, followed by Glyans was outlined as resistant cultivars against the pea weevil. They had the lowest total damaged seed degree, loss in weight of damaged seeds (type two and type three) and values of susceptibility coefficients. A strong negative relationship (r = −0.838) between the weight of type one seeds and the proportion of type three seeds was found. Cultivars with lower protein and phosphorus (P) content had a lower level of damage. The crude protein, crude fiber and P content in damaged seeds significantly or no significantly were increased as compared with the healthy seeds due to weevil damage. The P content had the highest significant influence on pea weevil infestation. Use of chemical markers for resistance to the creation of new pea cultivars can be effective method for defense and control against B. pisorum.
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Arisanti, Sherly, Bambang Sulistyantara, and Nizar Nasrullah. "Evaluasi Kerusakan Fisik Pohon dalam Upaya Menghadirkan Pohon Jalur Hijau yang Aman di Kota Padang." Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 14, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jli.v14i2.40196.
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The existence of trees in the landscape has an important role to create the comfort for users. The physical condition of the tree is something that needs to be considered in maintaining the comfort of road users. Poor tree conditions is possibly endanger road users if in the rainy season with high rainfall intensity and strong winds which possible cause tree branches to break and trees fall. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical damage of trees and to propose a recommendation for handling them on the green lane. The research was conducted on 3 green lanes, namely Khatib Sulaiman street, Rasuna Said street and Ujung Gurun street in Padang City. The method used refers to the FHM (USDA Forest Health Monitoring) method using the damage index that has been determined by the USDA Forest Service. Based on the results of the study, there were 1,108 trees that were damaged. The location of the most damage occurred on the lower stem of 32.9%, branching in the crown of 20.4% and buds and shoots of 19.8%. There were 11 types of damage that occurred with the most damage, namely open wounds by 32.4%, dead ends by 20.1% and broken or dead branches by 18.1%. The three type of damages are dominated by healthy and moderately damaged trees. Damage handling is done physically and chemically.
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Salvia, Eva, Lutfi Izhar, and Desy Nofriati. "The Variuous Packaging Effects of Loker Telun Berasap Chili Damage During Storage." Indonesian Food Science & Technology Journal 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ifstj.v3i2.8763.
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General characteristics of fresh horticultural products like chili, is easily get damaged after harvest. The chili declining quality and loss after harvesting occur due to ongoing respiration process. Hence, the chilies become wither or rot. This damage happens due to physical, microbiological, and physiological influences. Physical damage and yield loss can be caused by packaging uses during storage. The study aimed to determine the effect of packaging use type for Locker Telun Berasap chillies on the weight loss and damage during storage. The treatments were the commonly community packaging use types which consists of: a) polyethylene plastic (PE), b) paper and c) banana leaf. Each treatment was performed two replications and stored at room temperature. Observation parameters during storage were weight loss, and physical, physiological, microbiological damages. The lowest weight loss percentage for 12 days’ storage by PE packaging was 45.5%. The total damage was 30% lower compared to paper and banana leaf packaging. Optimal freshness can be achieved until the 8th day of storage with physical damage only 1.03% on PE packaging. The results of the study showed that the dominant microbiological damage was found in the banana leaf packaging treatment.
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Chen, Xiang Yu, Sha Sha Dong, and Fu Shun Liu. "A Multi-Hierarchical Damage Identification Method for Jacket Platform Using BP Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1170.
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Jacket-type platforms may be the most common type of offshore structures, and damage localization and severity estimation is important for these structures. This paper employs a multi-hierarchical damage identification method based on BP neural network to detect damages in jacket platforms. Firstly, the damaged storey of the jacket is detected, and the numbers of the elements among the detected storey are then detected. According to this method, the learning samples can be more targeted and the number can be reduced largely. In the end, a jacket model is used to investigate the performance of this method, and the results indicate that this approach is more effective and has higher accuracy than direct diagnosis method.
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Beale, Christopher, David J. Willis, Christopher Niezrecki, and Murat Inalpolat. "Passive acoustic damage detection of structural cavities using flow-induced acoustic excitations." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719860389.
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Cavities with different geometries represent the internal volumes of various engineering applications such as cabins of passenger cars, fuselages and wings of aircraft, and internal compartments of wind turbine blades. Transmissibility of acoustic excitation to and from these cavities is affected by material and cross-sectional properties of the structural cavity, as well as potential damage incurred. A new structural damage detection methodology that relies on the detectability of the changes in acoustic transmissibility across the boundaries of structural cavities is proposed. The methodology is described with a specific focus on the passive damage detection approach applied to cavity internal acoustic pressure responses under external flow-induced acoustic excitations. The approach is realized through a test plan that considers a wind turbine blade section subject to various damage types, severity levels, and locations, as well as wind speeds tested in a subsonic wind tunnel. A number of statistics-based metrics, including power spectral density estimates, band power differences from a known baseline, and the sum of absolute difference, were used to detect damage. The results obtained from the test campaign indicated that the passive acoustic damage detection approach was able to detect all considered hole-type damages as small as 0.32 cm in diameter and crack-type damages 1.27 cm in length. In general, the ability to distinguish damage from the baseline state improved as the damage increased in severity. Damage type, damage location, and flow speed influenced the ability to detect damage, but were not significant enough to prevent detection. This article serves as an overall proof of concept of the passive-based damage detection approach using flow-induced acoustic excitations on structural cavities of a wind turbine blade. The laboratory-scale results reveal that acoustic-based monitoring has great potential to be used as a new structural health monitoring technique for utility-scale wind turbine blades.
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Petrucci, O., and M. Polemio. "The role of meteorological and climatic conditions in the occurrence of damaging hydro-geologic events in Southern Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-105-2009.
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Abstract. Damaging Hydro-geologic Events (DHEs), defined as landslides and floods caused by heavy or prolonged rainfall, represent an important source of economic damages. We propose an approach to classify DHEs, considering 1) meteorological antecedent conditions, 2) the season during which the event occurs, 3) the return period of maximum daily rainfall triggering the event, 4) geographic sectors hit, 5) types of triggered damaging phenomena; and 6) induced damage. We applied this approach to a case study of time series of DHEs that occurred over 85 years in Calabria (southern Italy). We analysed 13 DHEs that, between 1921 and 2005, triggered landslides, floods and secondary floods, causing severe damage and tens of causalities all over the Calabria region. During the analysed events, 64% of Calabria's municipalities suffered many types of damage. The most relevant rain phenomena and the largest damages were caused by the persistent effects of perturbations on Calabria, which were preceded by the appearance of low-pressure fields in two different areas located westwards. We sorted the events into three types based on geographic damage distribution and types of triggered phenomena and induced damage. The first two types are characterised by similar severity levels, while the third shows the highest severity, in terms of both damage and victims. Independent of the type of event, the S-SE and E sectors of the region are the most frequently affected by DHEs. As regards human life, floods are the most dangerous type of phenomenon, causing the highest number of fatalities. Our analysis indicates a decreasing frequency of DHEs during the study period, and an absence of the most severe type for more than 50 years. The number of victims is also decreasing over time.
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Češljar, Goran, Renata Gagić-Serdar, Ilija Đorđević, Zoran Poduška, Tomislav Stefanović, Svetlana Bilibajkić, and Radovan Nevenić. "Analysis of types of damages at the sample plots of level 1 in 2013 at the territory of the Republic of Serbia." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 69-70 (2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor1469063q.
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The vitality of a forest ecosystem to a great extent depends on the effect of different factors of stress, be it of biotic (harmful insects, phytopathogenic fungi, etc.), abiotic (frost, drought, high temperatures, etc.) or of anthropogenic origin (human activities). Some factors owning to their long-lasting effect can lead to the weakening of the individual trees or the whole forest ecosystem and eventually cause the mortality of it. The paper presents the results of the research of the types of damages of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic origin at the sample plot of LEVEL 1 in the Republic of Serbia, conducted during 2013. By the analysis of the data, the results concerning the total number of trees with the identified types of damage, the part of the tree on which the some type of damage occurred most commonly, total number of the trees without any damage, most frequent type of damage and the types of trees with the highest and lowest percentage of damage, were obtained. The results which were obtained present the factual situation regarding the types of the damages for each sample plot and can be beneficial for the further analysis. By comparing these data with the date from other countries, the conclusions about the way in which the vitality of trees depend on the environmental conditions were made.
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Bueverov, A. O., and A. V. Zilov. "Liver Damage in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 31, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-2-7-13.
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Aim. An up-to-date review of the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hepatological complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).Key points. Diabetes type 1 causes a markedly more common liver injury than traditionally assumed. Three types of hepatic damage have been described to date in T1D patients, steatosis, glycogen hepatopathy and diabetic hepatosclerosis, with the latter two apparently pathognomonic of this diabetes type. Their pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood. Its important link is a likely inherited non-physiological insulin supply to the tissue, especially at marked glycaemic fluctuations. An adequate glycaemic control is the main prevention and treatment measure in these conditions. The practitioner’s understanding of liver damage in T1D is an earnest to avoid unnecessary tests and ineffective medications.Conclusion. Both endocrinologists and internists ought to contemplate the possibility of liver involvement in T1D for improving the patient outcomes.
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Todoroki, Akira, Masahito Ueda, and Yoshinobu Shimamura. "Damage Monitoring of Thick CFRP Beam Using Electrical Impedance Changes." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1298.
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Electrical resistance change method has been applied to monitor a delamination crack of a thin CFRP laminate. For a thick CFRP laminate, multiple delamination cracks are made with many matrix cracks, and the electric current in the thick CFRP laminate may not flow in the thickness direction due to the strong orthotropic electrical conductivity. The present study employs an electric impedance change method for the identification of damage location and dimension of the damaged area; applicability of the method is investigated experimentally using thick beam-type specimens fabricated from cross-ply laminates of 36 plies. After making the damage, electrical impedance was decreased. A residual stress relief model was proposed to explain the decrease. From the measured electrical impedance changes, the relationships between the electrical impedance changes and damages are obtained by means of response surfaces. The response surfaces estimated the damage location and dimension of the damaged area exactly even for the thick CFRP laminates. The electrical impedance change method can be used as an appropriate sensor for measurement of residual stress relief due to damages of thick CFRP laminates.
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Sooyong Park, Yeon-Bok Kim, and Norris Stubbs. "Nondestructive damage detection in large structures via vibration monitoring." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 2 (January 1, 2002): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.225.
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In this paper Nondestructive Damage Detection (NDD) in large/complex structures is investigated via vibration monitoring of such structures. The theory of NDD for truss type structures is formulated. To examine the feasibility of the theory, a finite element model of a 3-D truss structure, which consists of sixteen bays and includes 246 elements, is developed to simulate damage. Four damage cases are simulated numerically. The cases range from the structure being damaged in one location to the structure being damaged in three locations. Next, the theory is applied to the experimental results of a 1:6 scale model of a typical hexagonal truss. These tests consist of 17 damage scenarios subjected to three different types of damage. The performance of the method on simulating experimental data is evaluated and discussed.
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Perez-Ramirez, Carlos A., Jose M. Machorro-Lopez, Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez, Juan P. Amezquita-Sanchez, Arturo Garcia-Perez, David Camarena-Martinez, and Rene de J. Romero-Troncoso. "Location of Multiple Damage Types in a Truss-Type Structure Using Multiple Signal Classification Method and Vibration Signals." Mathematics 8, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8060932.
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A new multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based methodology is presented for detecting and locating multiple damage types in a truss-type structure subjected to dynamic excitations. The methodology is based mainly on two steps: in step 1, the MUSIC method is employed to obtain the pseudo-spectra of vibration signatures, healthy and damaged, to be used for damage detection. In step 2, a new damage index, based on the obtained pseudo-spectra, is proposed to measure the structure condition. Furthermore, the damage location is estimated according to the variation in the amplitudes of the estimated pseudo-spectra. The presented results show that the proposed methodology can make an accurate and reliable estimation of the condition and location of three specific damage conditions, i.e., loosened bolts, internal corrosion, and external corrosion.
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Khodaei, Mehdi, Sadegh Seiiedlou, and Morteza Sadeghi. "The evaluation of vibration damage in fresh apricots during simulated transport." Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 4 (December 30, 2019): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2019-rae.
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The transportation of fruits over longer distances could lead to damage fruits such as apricots. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of transportation factors including the vibration frequencies (17 and 20 Hz), the vibration time (15 and 30 minutes), the fruit cultivar (Shahroudi and Urdoobad), and the package type (2 types) on the apricot damage. An electro-dynamic lab vibration simulator was used to simulate the road transportation and a fruit damage index (FDI) was used as a criterion to evaluate the damage based on the classifying bruises into five different categories. The statistical analysis indicated that, except for the package type, the other factors (apricot cultivar, frequency, and vibration duration) had a significant effect on the FDI (P < 0.01). The vibration damages considerably changed by the apricot cultivar and increased by the frequency and duration. The results indicated that the Urdoobad cultivar was more resistant to the damage and could be used for export purposes to transport in distances more than 1,000 km. The maximum damages occurred at a frequency and duration of 17 Hz and 30 min in the Shahroudi cultivar, respectively.
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Razzaque, M. S., M. Cheng, Y. Horita, M. Nishihara, T. Harada, and T. Taguchi. "Immunohistochemical Analysis of Type III and IV Collagens in Tubulointerstitial Damage in Human Benign Nephrosclerosis." Journal of International Medical Research 23, no. 6 (November 1995): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059502300610.
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Prolonged hypertension causes structural changes including glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage of the kidney, termed benign nephrosclerosis. It is generally accepted that, in benign nephrosclerosis, increased accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomeruli results in glomerulosclerosis. Little is known, however, about the possible role of the extracellular matrix in the tubulointerstitial damage in benign nephrosclerosis. In this study, the possible roles of type IV basement-membrane collagen and type III interstitial collagen in tubulointerstitial damage caused by hypertension were explored. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the distribution of type III and type IV collagens in the kidney sections of 15 patients with benign nephrosclerosis with tubulointerstitial damage and in 10 controls. In the control renal sections strong immunostaining for type III collagen was found in the interstitium and immunostaining for type IV collagen was present in the tubular basement membrane and weakly in the interstitium. In the patients with tubulointerstitial damage there was increased immunostaining for both type III and type IV collagens in the expanded interstitium and damaged tubules than was found in the control kidney sections. These findings indicate that increased accumulation of both type III and type IV collagens might play a significant role in the tubulointerstitial damage in benign nephrosclerosis.
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Dong, Jiwei, and Ningfei Huo. "Progressive tensile damage simulation and strength analysis of three-dimensional braided composites based on three unit-cells models." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 15 (October 30, 2017): 2017–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317737828.
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In order to explore the micro-failure mechanism and predict tensile strength of three-dimensional braided composites, the three unit-cells models, namely interior cell, surface cell and corner cell, are established to simulate progressive damage of these materials. Macro model is firstly created and divided into three kinds of unit cells by their periodical distributions. A criterion is approached to determine damage and its pattern of each element, and stiffness degradation is implemented for the damaged elements with geometric damage theory. Periodical boundary conditions are applied on the models to calculate micro-stress and damage propagation is simulated with the increase of load. Each type of damage and its percentage is obtained by simulation and micro-failure mechanism is analyzed. Furthermore, the tensile strengths are predicted from calculated stress–strain curves. From simulation, composites with large braiding angle have more complicated micro-failure mechanism than composites with small braiding angle. It is also observed that there are more damages in surface cell than in interior cell and the damage types in the surface cell are various. The predicted results on the three unit-cells models agree well with the experimental data and are more accurate than only using an interior-cell model.
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Meng, Ningkang, Jianbiao Bai, Yong Chen, Xiangyu Wang, Wenda Wu, Bowen Wu, and Shuaigang Liu. "Damage Evolution Mechanisms of Rock Induced by Blasting with the Aid of Empty-Hole Effect." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 9, 2020): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030756.
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Blasting has been widely used in coal mining as a method of reducing the integrity of rock mass. Its low controllability often leads to the unsatisfactory fragmentation effect of rock mass. The empty borehole effect has great significance in avoiding the excessive breakage of rock mass and guiding the directional propagation of blasting-induced fractures. Nevertheless, the rock mass damage type evolution induced by the empty borehole has been rarely studied. A tension–compression constitutive model of rock mass damage is established in this paper. The model is incorporated into the numerical modeling code LS-DYNA as a user-defined material model. Then, LS-DYNA is used to investigate the evolution mechanism of rock mass damage under the empty borehole effect. The damage types of rock mass caused by the empty borehole effect are also studied. The Fortran language is utilized to monitor the number variation of the tensile damaged elements and the compressive damaged elements in the rock mass around the empty borehole. The results indicate that existence of the empty borehole significantly enhances the tensile stress and the stress concentration factor in the rock mass nearby the empty borehole. Meanwhile, the rock mass nearby the empty borehole mainly damages in tension. Both the number of the tensile damaged elements and the tensile stresses in the elements increases as the empty borehole diameter increases. The number of the compressive damaged elements decreases with increasing empty borehole diameter.
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Jiang, Chao, Xiang Lin Gu, and Wei Zou. "An Experimental Study on Carbonation in the Tensile Zone of Fatigue-Damaged Plain Concrete Beams." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.751.
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This paper investigates the accelerating effect of fatigue damage on carbonation process through an experimental study. A total of 30 prism specimens, categorized by A or B according to the cement type used, were cast in this experiment program. Mid-span deflection-and beam bottom strain-based damage indexes were proposed to estimate fatigue damage states for type A and B specimens, respectively. After static and fatigue failure tests for 10 specimens, 16 specimens were subjected to fatigue loading up to the prescribed damage states. Subsequently, these fatigue-damaged specimens and four intact specimens were put together into a chamber filled with high concentration CO2 gas, and carbonation depths were measured after 14, 28, and 49 days. Carbonation tests showed that fatigue damage could increase the mean carbonation depth by 150% and that the regressed linear expression between the normalized mean carbonation depth and fatigue damage index for each type specimen agreed well with experimental data. Normal distribution models for carbonation depths in fatigue-damaged concrete were proposed and found to be comparable with the realistic frequency distribution histograms.
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Ningsih, Ineke Kesuma, Fitri Electrika D. Surawan, and Zulman Efendi. "PHYSICAL QUALITY ANALYSIS OF ‘ROTI MANIS’ AT BAROKAH BAKERY IN LAHAT." Jurnal Agroindustri 5, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.5.1.20-35.
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The purpose of this research was to determine the percentage of each type of ‘roti manis’ physical damage, to identify factors causing the damages, and to determine whether the percentage amount of damage was whithin the business control limit. Types of damage observed were broken, too small in size, in appropriate form, over heated or burned. Observation was conducted during 16 working days (one month) at Barokah Bakery in Lahat. Result of the research showed that the broken damage was 1,31%; the too small in size was 1,1%; the unacceptable form was 0,98%; and no damage of over heat. Based on the causal effect analysis, it was found that the main factor causing ‘roti manis’s damages was caused by process inadequately. Result of diagram control analysis showed that the overall average damage was 3,4% with the upper limit was 5,2% and the lower limit was 1,6%. The percentage of the damage was considered high but it was within the company control limit of 2-4%
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Kozlov, V., E. Kirzhatskikh, and R. Giniatullin. "Differential method for damage location determining in 10 kV distribution networks with isolated neutral." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401003.
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Half of the length of all transmission lines (TL) are medium voltage networks. Single-line-to-ground short circuit (SLGSC) in distribution networks is the most common type of damage, accounting up to 70% of all types of damage. Faults in damage repair leads to an overvoltage of two healthy phases, resulting in double shorts, two-, three-phase shorts, which contributes to consumers’ disconnection. Remote damage location (DL) determination in tree-type networks is considered to be the most relevant, since these networks are spread over large areas, crossing rivers, ravines, lakes, forests, etc. This paper presents a differential method for DL determining based on steady-state voltage of damaged phase frequency. Measuring the parameters of emergency mode at the beginning and at the ends of 10kV TL allows compact stand-alone sensors using without their synchronization.
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Klepka, A., K. Dziedziech, Ł. Pieczonka, M. Adamczyk, and W. J. Staszewski. "Experimental investigations of contact-type damage nonlinearity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 842 (May 2017): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/842/1/012054.
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Rice, A. S. C. "Type of needle point and nerve damage." Anaesthesia 51, no. 1 (January 1996): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07684.x.
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Carnevale, V., E. Romagnoli, L. D'Erasmo, and E. D'Erasmo. "Bone damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 24, no. 11 (November 2014): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2014.06.013.
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Pirollo, S., U. Biggeri, E. Borchi, M. Bruzzi, E. Catacchini, S. Lazanu, Z. Li, and S. Sciortino. "Radiation damage on p-type silicon detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 426, no. 1 (April 1999): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)01480-6.
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Choi, H. W., S. J. Chua, A. Raman, J. S. Pan, and A. T. S. Wee. "Plasma-induced damage to n-type GaN." Applied Physics Letters 77, no. 12 (2000): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1311605.
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Kizha, Anil Raj, Evan Nahor, Noah Coogen, Libin T. Louis, and Alex K. George. "Residual Stand Damage under Different Harvesting Methods and Mitigation Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147641.
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A major component of sustainable forest management are the stands left behind after the logging operation. Large mechanized harvesting equipment involved in current forest management can inflict damage on residual trees; and can pose a risk of mortality from diseases, natural calamities, and/or degrade future economic value. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the residual stand damage under different harvesting methods and silvicultural prescriptions i.e., crop tree release (CTR), diameter limit cut (DLC), and overstory removal (OSR). The second objective was to evaluate the intensity and frequency of damage occurring on the bole, canopy, and root at tree and stand level. The third objective was to document strategies adopted globally to minimize stand damage due to timber harvesting. Five harvest blocks implementing three silvicultural prescriptions, were selected as the treatments across two different industrial timberlands in central and northern Maine (Study Site (SS) I and II, respectively). A hybrid cut-to-length (Hyb CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting method were employed for conducting the harvest in SS I and II, respectively. Systematic transect sampling was employed to collect information on type, frequency, and intensity of damages. The inventory captured 41 and 8 damaged trees per hectare with 62 and 22 damages per hectare from SS I and SS II respectively. Bole damage was the most frequent damage across all treatments. The Hyb CTL had lower damage density (damage per ha) and severity compared to WT. The average number of trees damaged per ha was higher for CTR prescriptions compared to DLC. There were no significant differences in the height of the damages from the ground level between treatments within each study site; however, there was a significant difference between the study sites. Species damaged was directly related to the residual trees left behind and was dominated by American beech, yellow birch, sugar maple, and eastern hemlock. Finally, the study provides strategies that can be adopted at different forest managerial phases to mitigate residual stand damage.
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ZHU, SONGYE, WEN-YU HE, and WEI-XIN REN. "ADAPTIVE-SCALE DAMAGE DETECTION FOR FRAME STRUCTURES USING BEAM-TYPE WAVELET FINITE ELEMENT: EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 07, no. 03 (September 2013): 1350024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431113500243.
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The superior human vision system provides ingenious insight into an ideal damage detection strategy in which structural modeling scales are not only spatially varying but also dynamically changed according to actual needs. This paper experimentally examines the efficacy of a multi-scale damage detection method based on wavelet finite element model (WFEM). The beam-type wavelet finite element in this study utilizes the second-generation cubic Hermite multi-wavelets as interpolation functions. The dynamic testing results of a one-bay steel portal frame with multiple damages are employed in the experimental validation. Through a multi-stage updating of the WFEM, the multiple damages in the steel portal frame are detected in a progressive manner: the suspected region is first identified using a low-scale structural model, and the more accurate location and severity of the damage can be identified using a multi-scale model with local refinement. As the multi-scale WFEM considerably facilitates the adaptive change of modeling scales, the proposed multi-scale damage detection method can efficiently locate and quantify damage with minimal computation effort and a limited number of updating parameters and sensors, compared with conventional finite element methods.
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Wang, K. S. "Study of Hazard Rate Functions on the Cumulative Damage Phenomenon." Journal of Mechanics 27, no. 1 (March 2011): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2011.6.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper different failure mechanisms which yield cumulative damage are investigated through two types of hazard rate functions. They have been studied during the past two decades. Type A was developed early by assuming the hazard rate as a function of reliability. There are two kinds of trend, one follows the negative logistic decay model, the other the negative Gompertz decay. Some modifications are suggested according to the failure tendency and convenience of fittings. Type B is developed recently by assuming the hazard rate as a function of the expected operation time, T, which is defined as the integration of reliability over the time, normalized by the mean-time-between-failure. In both types the proposed hazard rates grow with the time monotonically. Typical examples are taken to examine these models, meanwhile the comparisons with the Weibull-typed distribution are also made. The results show that the most of proposed relations are successful in the expression of cumulative damage phenomenon, especially the Type B is a better choice even compared with the Weibull-typed description in some respects. The advantages of the models are discussed based on the physical meanings involved in the parameters.
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Misonis, Nerijus, Darius Palionis, Algirdas Tamošiūnas, Vaidotas Zabulis, Kristina Ryliškienė, and Dalius Jatužis. "Early ischemic brain lesions after carotid angioplasty and stenting on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study." Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/semcard-2013-0003.
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Summary Aim: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the appearance of the new early ischemic lesions in the brain after carotid angioplasty and stenting on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and their relationship with clinical and procedural factors. Methods: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures performed by a single interventional cardiologist in years November 2006 to January 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. In total, 227 procedures for 211 patients (mean age 69.8 ± 8.5 years) were performed, from which 171 (75.3%) for male and 56 (24.7%) for female patients. Seventy-two (34.1%) patients had symptomatic stenosis of carotid artery. The following protection systems to avoid the distal microembolism were used during the CAS: (1) Filters: FilterWire EZ (Boston Scientific Corporation); Emboshield NAV (Abbott Vascular); SpideRX (EV3); Defender (Medtronic); FiberNet Filter (Invatec-Medtronic); (2) Occlusion MoMa Baloon System (Invatec-Medtronic). Acute ischemic damages of the brain before and after CAS procedure were diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Sixty-five (30.8%) patients underwent MRI test. Exact and asymptomatic χ2 criteria were applied for testing the hypothesis of inter-dependency of the symptoms. Results: Forty-six (70.8%) patients had new ischemic foci in the brain on MRI DWI after CAS procedures. Among those patients, focal damage of the brain was diagnosed in 36 (78.3%) cases; linear damage of the brain - in 9 (19.6%) patients; ipsilateral damage of the brain - in 37 (80.4%) patients; bilateral damage of the brain - in 16 (34.8%) patients, 38 (82.6%) patients were diagnosed with forebrain damage; 4 (8.7%) patients were diagnosed with damage of brainstem; 5 (10.9%) patients were diagnosed with cerebellum damage. Clinical symptoms of brain damage were diagnosed only for 2 (4.3%) patients. Focal damage of the brain was significantly less frequent only for aortic arch type 1, if compared with aortic arch type 2 and 3: 64.3%, 93.3% and 100.0%, respectively (p < 0.05). Focal damage of the brain occurred least in patients (28.6%) with Emboshield NAV protection type, if compared to other types of protection (71.4-100.0%). Linear >10mmbrain damage was less frequent when using FilterWire EZ, Emboshield NAV and SpideRX protection type. Ipsilateral ischemic brain damage also occurred less frequent when using Emboshield NAV protection type; bilateral damage occurred less frequent when using FilterWire EZ, Emboshield NAV and SpideRX protection type. Ischemic forebrain damage was also diagnosed less often in patients for whom protection type FilterWire EZ and Emboshield NAV was applied. Conclusions: Most frequent findings by MRI after CAS procedures were focal, ipsilateral and forebrain damage (about 80%), but less than 5% patients had clinical symptoms. In the case of aorta arch type 1 focal ischemic damage of the brain was significantly less frequent, then in aortic arch type 2 and 3. The localization and extent of brain damage was associated with the type of protection systems that have been used.
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Tu, Jihui, Haigang Sui, Wenqing Feng, and Qu Jia. "Detecting Facade Damage on Moderate Damaged Type From High-Resolution Oblique Aerial Images." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 2017): 5598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2017.2750170.
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Vijayan, K., J. L. Thompson, K. M. Norenberg, R. H. Fitts, and D. A. Riley. "Fiber-type susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced damage of hindlimb-unloaded rat AL muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.3.770.
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Slow oxidative (SO) fibers of the adductor longus (AL) were predominantly damaged during voluntary reloading of hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats and appeared explainable by preferential SO fiber recruitment. The present study assessed damage after eliminating the variable of voluntary recruitment by tetanically activating all fibers in situ through the motor nerve while applying eccentric (lengthening) or isometric contractions. Muscles were aldehyde fixed and resin embedded, and semithin sections were cut. Sarcomere lesions were quantified in toluidine blue-stained sections. Fibers were typed in serial sections immunostained with antifast myosin and antitotal myosin (which highlights slow fibers). Both isometric and eccentric paradigms caused fatigue. Lesions occurred only in eccentrically contracted control and HU muscles. Fatigue did not cause lesions. HU increased damage because lesioned- fiber percentages within fiber types and lesion sizes were greater than control. Fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers were predominantly damaged. In no case did damaged SO fibers predominate. Thus, when FOG, SO, and hybrid fibers are actively lengthened in chronically unloaded muscle, FOG fibers are intrinsically more susceptible to damage than SO fibers. Damaged hybrid-fiber proportions ranged between these extremes.
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P N, Ojha, Adarsh Kumar N S, Brijesh Singh, Abhishek Singh, and Vikas Patel. "A case study on deterioration assessment and rehabilitation of fire damaged reinforced concrete structure." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v8i1.1158.
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Fire is one of the most severe hazards that building structures may experience during their lifetime. A fire spread to the whole structure can cause unexpected damages to the structural elements. Mainly, the building type is crucially important for the type and the level of damage to the building because of the fire. Post fire investigation of damaged structure is required to determine the extent of damage to concrete elements and to work out system of effective repair/rehabilitation measures to maintain the structural integrity of fire effected structural components. The paper covers in brief the strength and durability study on fire damaged building in Delhi, India. The study reports the extent of fire damage. Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Deferential Thermal Analysis (DTA) studies were carried out on the sample concrete cores extracted from different identified portions of the fire exposed concrete are highlighted in this paper. Extent of damage occurred in the Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) i.e. RCC columns/beams/slabs are described based on the detailed evaluation by various Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques covering Cover study & Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing. Repair and remedial measures required for restoration and strengthening of the fire affected RCC columns/beams/slabs using indigenously available repair materials and techniques are also highlighted in this paper.
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Sibuea, Petrus, Jijon Raphita Sagala, and Asaziduhu Gea. "Penerapan Sistem Pakar Untuk Pengecekan Kerusakan CCTV Dengan Metode Certainty Factor." JURNAL ARMADA INFORMATIKA 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36520/jai.v2i2.29.
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tentang sistem pakar yang dirancang untuk membantu atau mempermudah kinerja teknisi maupun costumer. Sistem ini dapat melakukan pengecekan ataupun mendiagnosa kerusakan pada CCTV. Sistem pakar yang dibangun ini mampu mendeteksi 14 jenis kerusakan yang terdapat pada CCTV. kerusakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk pengecekan antara lain chipset VGA/HDMI DVR rusak, tampilan chanel bercahaya terang, kabel HDMI/VGA terputus, adaptor camera mati, hardisk error, dvr mati, kabel putus atau rusak, connector bnc longgar, connector power rusak, adaptor kurang voltase, kabel CCTV induksi listrik, lensa camera kotor, infraret kamera rusak, listrik tidak stabil. Hasil pengecekan kerusakan CCTV adalah berupa jenis kerusakan, nilai persentase kerusakan, jenis gejala, beserta solusi yang ditawarkan oleh sistem pakar. Sistem pakar ini menerapkan atau mengaplikasikan metode certainty factor pada proses perhitungannya. Metode certainty factor merupakan salah satu metode yang terdapat pada sistem pakar yang dapat menghitung atau mengolah nilai-nilai probabilitas setiap gejala, yang dihitung menggunakan rumus certainty factor sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan berupa jenis kerusakan dan nilai persentase dari setiap gejala yang ada pada CCTV.
Kata Kunci: sistem pakar, kerusakan cctv, hikvision, certainty factor
Abstract
This study is a research on expert systems designed to help or facilitate the performance of technicians and customers. This system can check or diagnose damage to CCTV. This expert system that is built is able to detect 14 types of damage found on CCTV. damage that can be done to check include VGA / HDMI DVR chipset broken, bright luminous channel display, HDMI / VGA cable disconnected, camera adapter off, hard drive error, DVR dead, cable broken or damaged, BNC connector loose, power connector broken, adapter less voltage, CCTV cable electric induction, dirty camera lens, infraret camera is damaged, electricity is unstable. The result of CCTV damage checking is in the form of type of damage, percentage damage value, type of symptom, along with solutions offered by expert systems. This expert system applies or applies the certainty factor method to the calculation process. The method of certainty factor is one of the methods found in the expert system that can calculate or process the probability values of each symptom, which is calculated using the certainty factor formula to produce a conclusion of the type of damage and the percentage value of each symptom that is on CCTV.
Keywords: expert system, cctv damagee, hikvision, certainty factor
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Pertiwi, Dina, Rahmat Safe'i, Hari Kaskoyo, and Indriyanto Indriyanto. "IDENTIFIKASI TIPE KERUSAKAN POHON MENGGUNAKAN METODE FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM)." PERENNIAL 15, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v15i1.6033.
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Trees are an important part of the compilation of forest ecosystems blocks of collections of plants and/or animals, Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park, Lampung Province. Block collection of plants and or animals serves as a place for collecting, protecting and preserving biodiversity. The problems that occur in this block are changes in forest areas, initially primary forests become mixed forests due to land clearing. Land clearing causes various types of tree damage which causes a decrease in tree health and forest health, so it is necessary to identify tree damage conditions. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition of tree damage based on the location of tree damage, type of tree damage and severity. Identification is carried out using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, the measurement parameter is the condition of tree damage. The study was conducted in June 2018 in a collection block of plants and / or animals Tahura WAR Kelurahan Sumber Agung, Kemiling, Bandar Lampung covering 141.18 ha. The sampling intensity used was 2.30%, data collection was carried out in eight FHM cluster clusters. Based on the results of the study there were 144 individual trees that were damaged. The location of damage occurs mostly in the roots and the lower part of the stem is 29%, the lower stem is 18% and the branches are 15%. There were 11 types of damage observed with the largest type of damage, namely open wounds by 46%, broken or dead branches by 17%, cancer by 9% and leaves, shoots or shoots damaged by 9%. The most severe severity is found in the severity of 20% with a percentage of 39%, severity of 30% with a percentage of 35% and severity of 40% with a percentage of 7%.
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Lobodanov, Maxim, Pavlo Vegera, Zinoviy Zinoviy, and Andrii Karpushyn. "THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DEFECTS IN THE COMPRESSED ZONE OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS." Theory and Building Practice 2022, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2022.01.094.
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Due to economic trends in the building industry, the investigation of the residual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements has been receiving more and more attention in recent years. Studying the effect of damage on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements is one of the main themes of investigation in this field. Results of 4 reinforced concrete beams’ testing are proposed, one of which was the control one (tested without damages) and three- typically damaged in the compressed zone at different load levels. As a result, the most crucial effect was detected by the type of damage, load, and neutral axis position change. In addition, research results demonstrate an increase of 3.8% in reinforced concrete beams bearing capacity if they are damaged under the load, compared with the unloaded damaged reinforced concrete beams.
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Catlin, P. B., and V. S. Polito. "Cell and Tissue Damage Associated with Pistillate Flower Abscission of Persian Walnut." HortScience 24, no. 6 (December 1989): 1003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.6.1003.
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Abstract Pistillate flowers from walnut trees having > 80% pistillate flower abscission (PFA) were examined from the time of anthesis until shortly before abscission. In addition to normally developing flowers, two types of abortive flowers were found. One abnormal flower type, seen in only two cases, lacked a developed embryo sac and had cellular degeneration in the nucellus. The second type of damaged flowers, which were more commonly observed, had apparently normal development of the nucelli and embryo sacs, but cell and tissue necrosis became evident beginning at the tip of the stigma, in the integuments, and throughout the placental evaginations. No cell or tissue damage was observed until after ovary growth in these flowers had stopped. We conclude that this second type of damage is associated with PFA.
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Foley, John F. "Sensing mitochondrial damage." Science Signaling 14, no. 675 (March 23, 2021): eabi6106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.abi6106.
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