Relevant bibliographies by topics / Damage type

Academic literature on the topic 'Damage type'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Damage type"

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Kim, Ju-Won, Kassahun Demissie Tola, Dai Quoc Tran, and Seunghee Park. "MFL-Based Local Damage Diagnosis and SVM-Based Damage Type Classification for Wire Rope NDE." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182894.

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Wire ropes used in various applications such as elevators and cranes to safely carry heavy weights are vulnerable to breakage or cross-sectional loss caused by the external environment. Such damage can pose a serious risk to the safety of the entire structure because damage under tensile force rapidly expands due to concentration of stress. In this study, the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method was applied to diagnose cuts, corrosion, and compression damage in wire ropes. Magnetic flux signals were measured by scanning damaged wire rope specimens using a multi-channel sensor head and a compact data acquisition system. A series of signal-processing procedures, including the Hilbert transform-based enveloping process, was applied to reduce noise and improve the resolution of signals. The possibility of diagnosing several types of damage was verified using enveloped magnetic flux signals. The characteristics of the MFL signals according to each damage type were then analyzed by comparing the extracted damage indices for each damage type. For automated damage type classification, a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier was trained using the extracted damage indices. Finally, damage types were automatically classified as cutting and other damages using the trained SVM classifier.
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SZWEJKOWSKA, MAŁGORZATA, and WOJCIECH TRUSZKOWSKI. "GAME ANIMALS DAMAGE AS A PARTICULAR TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE." sj-economics scientific journal 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v27i4.100.

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The hunting economy is connected with the need to compensate for damages caused bygame animals. Financial compensation for damages caused by the environmental resource belongingto the State Treasury raises a lot of controversy. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyzeeffectiveness of the compensation process. It is described by legal regulations, mainly Hunting Lawafter the amendment of June 2016, the Act on Nature Conservation and executive acts. The articlepresents the characteristics of damege caused by game animals, indicating the criteria such damagesfrom among the total damage to the environment, specific premises for liability for this type ofdamage and the group of entities obliged to repair it. The current system caused discontent amongagricultural producers. Objections were raised both to the amount of compensation and the methodof their calculation. There is announced a special purpose fund in this range. The introduction of thissolution is constantly postponed so far.
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Ghaffarian, S., and N. Kerle. "TOWARDS POST-DISASTER DEBRIS IDENTIFICATION FOR PRECISE DAMAGE AND RECOVERY ASSESSMENTS FROM UAV AND SATELLITE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-297-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Often disasters cause structural damages and produce rubble and debris, depending on their magnitude and type. The initial disaster response activity is evaluation of the damages, i.e. creation of a detailed damage estimation for different object types throughout the affected area. First responders and government stakeholders require the damage information to plan rescue operations and later on to guide the recovery process. Remote sensing, due to its agile data acquisition capability, synoptic coverage and low cost, has long been used as a vital tool to collect information after a disaster and conduct damage assessment. To detect damages from remote sensing imagery (both UAV and satellite images) structural rubble/debris has been employed as a proxy to detect damaged buildings/areas. However, disaster debris often includes vegetation, sediments and relocated personal property in addition to structural rubble, i.e. items that are wind- or waterborne and not necessarily associated with the closest building. Traditionally, land cover classification-based damage detection has been categorizing debris as damaged areas. However, in particular in waterborne disaster such as tsunamis or storm surges, vast areas end up being debris covered, effectively hindering actual building damage to be detected, and leading to an overestimation of damaged area. Therefore, to perform a precise damage assessment, and consequently recovery assessment that relies on a clear damage benchmark, it is crucial to separate actual structural rubble from ephemeral debris. In this study two approaches were investigated for two types of data (i.e., UAV images, and multi-temporal satellite images). To do so, three textural analysis, i.e., Gabor filters, Local Binary Pattern (LBP), and Histogram of the Oriented Gradients (HOG), were implemented on mosaic UAV images, and the relation between debris type and their time of removal was investigated using very high-resolution satellite images. The results showed that the HOG features, among other texture features, have the potential to be used for debris identification. In addition, multi-temporal satellite image analysis showed that debris removal time needs to be investigated using daily images, because the removal time of debris may change based on the type of disaster and its location.</p>
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Le, Thanh-Cao, Duc-Duy Ho, Chi-Thien Nguyen, and Thanh-Canh Huynh. "Structural Damage Localization in Plates Using Global and Local Modal Strain Energy Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4456439.

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This paper presents an improvement to the modal strain energy (MSE) method for identifying structural damages in plate-type structures. A two-step MSE-based damage localization procedure, including a global step and a local step, is newly proposed to enhance the accuracy of detecting the location of structural damage. Firstly, the global step uses the mode shape data on the whole plate to locate the potentially damaged areas. Then, MSE is applied with a more dense mesh size on these local areas to detect damage in more detail. The proposed procedure’s feasibility is verified by analyzing an aluminum plate with various damaged scenarios. This study uses finite element analysis to acquire the plate's natural frequencies and mode shapes in intact and damaged states. A set of two damage detection capacity indicators are also newly presented to evaluate the precision of the proposed procedure. The diagnostic results demonstrate that the proposed approach uses less modal data than the original MSE method and accurately identifies the damage's locations in the plates with various edge conditions. Moreover, the combination of three first mode shapes and a damage threshold of 40% of the maximum normalized damage index gives the best results of damage localization.
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Sabilirrahman, Sabilirrahman, and Rachmat Mudiyono. "ANALYSIS OF THE RIGID PAVEMENT ROAD DAMAGES IN THE SEGMENTS OF PEMALANG - TEGAL: A RESEARCH REVIEWED FROM THE ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND HANDLING." Pondasi 24, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v24i1.4994.

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Road as a transportation system has an important role in Indonesia compared to other modes of transportation such as air and sea transportation. As road is found to be important, this condition must be maintained to keep it in a good condition. In fact, road damage still occurs that it can bother the road users and disrupt the pace of the economic activities of the community. Therefore, a research is needed to get to know factors that cause damages to the road segments of Pemalang - Tegal. This research belongs to descriptive research conducted by previously testing the validity and reliability of the research approach. It is done by looking for factors that cause damages to rigid pavement roads in terms of implementation, and factors causing the type of dominant damage and how to handle it.This resarch was conducted to 70 respondents using a questionnaires previously tested for validity and reliability. Data were obtained from the questionnaires filled by the respondents and then statistically processed through SPSS and AHP method. The results show that one of the causes of rigid pavement road damage viewed from implementation was the poor material processing system. The most dominant types of damages were abrasion, release of granules and wear. by overlaying in a damaged location.Keywords: Causes, Types of damage, How to handle the road Road as a transportation system has an important role in Indonesia compared to other modes of transportation such as air and sea transportation. As road is found to be important, this condition must be maintained to keep it in a good condition. In fact, road damage still occurs that it can bother the road users and disrupt the pace of the economic activities of the community. Therefore, a research is needed to get to know factors that cause damages to the road segments of Pemalang - Tegal. This research belongs to descriptive research conducted by previously testing the validity and reliability of the research approach. It is done by looking for factors that cause damages to rigid pavement roads in terms of implementation, and factors causing the type of dominant damage and how to handle it.This resarch was conducted to 70 respondents using a questionnaires previously tested for validity and reliability. Data were obtained from the questionnaires filled by the respondents and then statistically processed through SPSS and AHP method. The results show that one of the causes of rigid pavement road damage viewed from implementation was the poor material processing system. The most dominant types of damages were abrasion, release of granules and wear. by overlaying in a damaged location.Keywords: Causes, Types of damage, How to handle the road
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LI, S. C., S. H. LIU, and Y. L. WU. "A NEW TYPE OF CAVITATION DAMAGE TRIGGERED BY BOUNDARY-LAYER TURBULENT PRODUCTION." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 20 (August 30, 2007): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907013456.

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A new type of cavitation damage has been observed on the turbines installed at the Three Gorges Power Station despite no cavitation detected during model tests. Metallurgical and fluid dynamic analysis suggests that this cavitation is triggered by boundary-layer turbulent production; the damaged (roughened) spot in turn triggers subsequent cavitation (damage) immediately down stream. This forms a sustainable dynamic process, resulting in long and equal-width streamwise damage-strips with spanwise regularity reflecting the spanwise stochastic characteristics of turbulent production. Owing to the heat effect of cavitation, intergranular corrosion takes place through sensitization process, leaving the damaged surface with a corrosion appearance. Also, bluing presents at the damaged tails, owing to the nature of low-intensity damage. Extremely large turbines are much more susceptible to this type of cavitation (damage) owing to the similarity laws currently employed for turbine development not concerning the freestream turbulence and the boundary-layer dynamics.
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Liu, Chang, Elisabeth Glowatzki, and Paul Albert Fuchs. "Unmyelinated type II afferent neurons report cochlear damage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 47 (November 9, 2015): 14723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515228112.

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In the mammalian cochlea, acoustic information is carried to the brain by the predominant (95%) large-diameter, myelinated type I afferents, each of which is postsynaptic to a single inner hair cell. The remaining thin, unmyelinated type II afferents extend hundreds of microns along the cochlear duct to contact many outer hair cells. Despite this extensive arbor, type II afferents are weakly activated by outer hair cell transmitter release and are insensitive to sound. Intriguingly, type II afferents remain intact in damaged regions of the cochlea. Here, we show that type II afferents are activated when outer hair cells are damaged. This response depends on both ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors, binding ATP released from nearby supporting cells in response to hair cell damage. Selective activation of P2Y receptors increased type II afferent excitability by the closure of KCNQ-type potassium channels, a potential mechanism for the painful hypersensitivity (that we term “noxacusis” to distinguish from hyperacusis without pain) that can accompany hearing loss. Exposure to the KCNQ channel activator retigabine suppressed the type II fiber’s response to hair cell damage. Type II afferents may be the cochlea’s nociceptors, prompting avoidance of further damage to the irreparable inner ear.
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Macaluso, Filippo, Ashwin W. Isaacs, and Kathryn H. Myburgh. "Preferential Type II Muscle Fiber Damage From Plyometric Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.13.

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Context: Plyometric training has been successfully used in different sporting contexts. Studies that investigated the effect of plyometric training on muscle morphology are limited, and results are controversial with regard to which muscle fiber type is mainly affected. Objective: To analyze the skeletal muscle structural and ultrastructural change induced by an acute bout of plyometric exercise to determine which type of muscle fibers is predominantly damaged. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eight healthy, untrained individuals (age = 22 ± 1 years, height = 179.2 ± 6.4 cm, weight = 78.9 ± 5.9 kg). Intervention(s): Participants completed an acute bout of plyometric exercise (10 sets of 10 squat-jumps with a 1-minute rest between sets). Main Outcome Measure(s): Blood samples were collected 9 days and immediately before and 6 hours and 1, 2, and 3 days after the acute intervention. Muscle samples were collected 9 days before and 3 days after the exercise intervention. Blood samples were analyzed for creatine kinase activity. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for damage using fluorescent and electron transmission microscopy. Results: Creatine kinase activity peaked 1 day after the exercise bout (529.0 ± 317.8 U/L). Immunofluorescence revealed sarcolemmal damage in 155 of 1616 fibers analyzed. Mainly fast-twitch fibers were damaged. Within subgroups, 7.6% of type I fibers, 10.3% of type IIa fibers, and 14.3% of type IIx fibers were damaged as assessed by losses in dystrophin staining. Similar damage was prevalent in IIx and IIa fibers. Electron microscopy revealed clearly distinguishable moderate and severe sarcomere damage, with damage quantifiably predominant in type II muscle fibers of both the glycolytic and oxidative subtypes (86% and 84%, respectively, versus only 27% of slow-twitch fibers). Conclusions: We provide direct evidence that a single bout of plyometric exercise affected mainly type II muscle fibers.
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Zhang, Qing Xia, Zhong Dong Duan, and Lukasz Jankowski. "Substructure Damages and Excitations Identification Using Measured Response." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.843.

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This paper proposes a methodology on simultaneous identification of substructure excitation and damage. Structural damages are simulated by virtual distortions which are computed together with unknown excitations using the measured responses through the intact isolated substructure model; the damage extent and type is then recovered by a comparison of the virtual and actual distortions. Unknown factors are reduced greatly which allows the method to be applied on practical complex structure. The computational cost is cutoff sharply. A damaged nonlinearity aluminum beam is used in the experimental verification. Both load and damage are successfully identified.
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Allman, Michal, Zuzana Allmanová, Martin Jankovský, Michal Ferenčík, and Valéria Messingerová. "Damage of the Remaining Stands Caused by Various Types of Logging Technology." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020379.

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Forest harvesting causes a lot of damage, which results in damage of the remaining stand. These damages have different character. Their origin, range, and type is affected by the type of machinery, harvesting technology and the machine operator. This paper was focused on the negative impact of three types of forest harvesting technologies to the remaining stand. We considered wheeled skidder technology, and CTL technology with wheeled and tracked chassis. The harvest in stands varied between 21 and 52%, with an average concentration of felling 13.7–95.4 m3 per one skid trail. We observed that the damage rate in stands processed by CTL technology was between 7.3 and 8.03%. Skidder technologies caused damage between 17.8% and 44.6%. The average size of wound caused by CTL technologies was between 167 and 322 cm2. Skidder caused damages with area between 395 and 506 cm2. We also observed differences between damages caused by various types of chassis. CTL technology with tracked chassis caused more damages of timber and tree root system. We used multivariate regression and correlation analyses to evaluate the effect of stand density and intensity of harvest on the intensity of damage. The analyses did not confirm significant impact of these two characteristics on intensity of damage, with coefficients of correlation of 0.22 (stand density) and 0.53 (intensity of harvest).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Damage type"

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Suwake, Natsuko. "D-type cyclins and DNA damage response." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506678.

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Lu, Kan. "Dynamics Based Damage Detection of Plate-Type Structures." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1133818717.

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Suwaki, Natsuko. "D-type cyclins and the DNA damage response." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5718.

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The cell cycle is strictly regulated to ensure the precise transmission of genetic information from one cell to its daughter cells. The DNA damage response is one of these regulatory pathways and is activated in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxic stress. Once activated, downstream signalling disrupts normal cell cycle progression, causing arrest or alternatively, cell death. One of the cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1, has been suggested to play a crucial role in integrating the cell cycle machinery and the DNA damage response. This investigation demonstrates that cyclin D1 expression responds in a dose-dependent manner to the UV-mimetic DNA damaging agent, 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide (4NQO). Immunoblotting experiments revealed a biphasic response of cyclin D1 expression to 4NQO: cyclin D1 levels were largely unchanged following exposure of cells to low and high doses of 4NQO, whilst it was dramatically reduced after treatment with intermediate doses of 4NQO. The CDK inhibitor protein, p21, also responded in a dose-dependent manner, exhibiting elevated expression at low doses of 4NQO but was reduced or unchanged at intermediate and high doses, respectively. Exposure to IR or H2O2 triggered distinct responses by cyclin D1 and p21, indicating the likelihood that these DNA damaging agents activate distinct signalling pathways. Analyses of cellular responses by flow cytometry demonstrated that p21 expression primarily conferred resistance to damage-induced cell death whereas the level of cyclin D1 expression correlated with the mode of cell death. 4NQO-induced cyclin D1 downregulation was proteasome-dependent but was resistant to deregulation of the majority of the key damage-regulating proteins. This investigation also revealed that other members of D-type cyclin family, cyclins D2 and D3, also exhibit distinct responses to various DNA damaging agents. Preliminary observations indicated that responses of the three D-cyclins were not interdependent and they may play distinct roles in the DNA damage response.
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Bodin, Jean-Matthieu Marie Jacques Sebastien. "Buried Pipe Life Prediction in Sewage Type Environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9738.

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In this study, we develop a method of life prediction of buried pipe using the concepts of a characteristic damage state and damage accumulation. A stress analysis corresponding to the different types of load during service with environmental effects, a moisture diffusion model, and a lifetime prediction analysis combining the above models has been constructed. The model uses an elasticity solution for axial-symmetric loading in the case of pressurized pipe, and an approximate non-linear solution for transverse loading due to soil pressure in the case of buried pipe. The axial-symmetric stress analysis has been constructed taking into account the moisture content and the temperature of each ply of the laminate. The moisture diffusion model takes into account the geometry of the laminate, the different diffusivity coefficients in each ply, and also the geometric changes due to ply failure. The failure mode and material behavior of the pipe has been investigated and identified according to Owens Corning data. Thus, the code that has been developed allows one to predict the time to failure of Owens Corning industrial pipes under any time-dependent profile of environmental and loading conditions.
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Moy, Inge. "Parameter Sensitivity of Short-term Fatigue Damage of Spar-type Wind Turbine Tower." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18511.

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The World’s energy demand is rapidly increasing and a good viable renewable energy source is wind power. The land-based knowledge and experience the onshore wind turbine industry possess is used to develop offshore wind turbines. With this knowledge together with the experience and knowledge of the marine industry we can design and produce a floating wind turbine. The main advantages of an offshore wind turbine are that the wind is stronger and less turbulent at sea, visual and noise annoyances can be avoided and there are large available areas at sea. In this thesis coupled time domain analyses of a floating spar-type wind turbine are performed with the intension to study parameters affecting fatigue damage at base of the tower. The software applied is SIMO/Riflex with the extension TDHmill, which gives the wind thrust force and gyro moment on the wind turbine as point loads in the tower top. Short term environment conditions are chosen from a joint distribution of simultaneous wind and waves which is based on measurements from a site in the North Sea in the period 1973 – 1999. In total 141 different environmental conditions are chosen for the sensitivity study. Mean value, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis are calculated for axial stresses at the base of the tower. Fatigue damage is calculated from the Palmgren-Miner sum with a nominal stress SN-curve from the DNV fatigue standard. The axial stress-cycle distribution used in the Palmgren-Miner sum is found by rainflow counting. Time domain simulations are carried out for the different sea states and fatigue damage is calculated for each case. The statistical properties and fatigue damage are averaged over seven samples with different random seed number to ensure acceptable statistical uncertainty. Accumulated standard deviation shows that 5 samples of each load case are sufficient to ensure acceptable statistical uncertainty. Sensitivity study of different simulation length shows that 30 minute simulations give close to equal fatigue damage and standard deviation as 2.5 hour simulations. Sensitivity of fatigue to wave height and peak period is carried out to study the effect of varying parameters. This study suggests that the highest waves dominate the fatigue damage for the smallest peak periods. For some small wave heights the damage will be constant for a given peak period range. From this sensitivity study it is shown that if the deviation of fatigue damage between the different load cases is small, then the dominating load case of the accumulated long term fatigue damage will be dominated by the marginal probability of each load case.
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Rosales, Hernández Alma L. "Mechanisms of β cell DNA damage and repair in type 1 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247817.

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Connaughton, M. D. "A study of cumulative fatigue and creep-fatigue damage in Type 316 steel." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234153.

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Peat, D. S. "The effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 on chromosomes of human cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383841.

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Reiner, Joachim Christian. "Latent gate oxide damage induced by ultra-fast electrostatic discharge /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11212.

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Lyraki, Rodanthi. "Molecular mechanisms underlying Retinitis pigmentosa type 2." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31254.

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The term 'Retinitis pigmentosa' (RP) represents a group of inherited, late-onset diseases characterised by progressive retinal degeneration due to photoreceptor death. Mutations in the RP2 gene are found in 7-18% of patients with X-linked RP, one of the most severe forms. The RP2 gene product is a membrane-associated protein which encompasses two distinct domains. The N-terminal domain is well characterised as possessing GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPase ARL3 and thus regulate the transport of lipid-modified proteins within the photoreceptor cell. However, it is not known if the loss of this particular function of RP2 is the sole reason that causes the disease, while the role of the protein's C-terminus remains unknown. This thesis focuses on the characterisation of two novel protein-protein interactions of RP2 with the aim to investigate novel roles of the protein. Firstly, evidence is provided that a highly-conserved cluster of RP2 residues that span both the N- and C-terminus participate in direct interaction with Osteoclast-stimulating factor 1 (OSTF1). Two hypotheses are explored about the potential role of the complex in SRC-mediated RP2 phosphorylation and the regulation of cell motility. Secondly, the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA PK) is identified as a novel interaction partner of RP2 in cultured cells. The two proteins are shown to co-localise in the nuclear and membrane compartments of a retinal-derived cell line and might engage in a kinase-substrate relationship. So far, no evidence was found that RP2 participates in the canonical function of DNA PK which is the regulation of DNA double-stranded breaks. Finally, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method was applied on zebrafish embryos to generate a novel vertebrate animal model for the loss of RP2 function. One out of three different zebrafish lines with rp2 mutations was shown by histology to have mild late-onset thinning of the photoreceptor outer segments. The present thesis reports previously unexplored aspects of RP2's function and will, therefore, contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie RP. Moreover, this thesis will contribute to the discussion about the usefulness of zebrafish as an RP model.
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Books on the topic "Damage type"

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Yorke, Margaret. Criminal damage. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 1993.

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Yorke, Margaret. Criminal Damage. Bath: Chivers Press, 1993.

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Damage control. London: Gollancz, 1998.

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Yorke, Margaret. Criminal damage. New York: Mysterious Press, 1992.

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Yorke, Margaret. Criminal damage. London: Hutchinson, 1992.

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Yorke, Margaret. Criminal damage. London: Arrow Bks., 1993.

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Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. Technical Committee on Bearings and Bearing Lubrication. Interpreting service damage in rolling type bearings: A manual on ball & roller bearing damage. Park Ridge, Ill: American Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, 1993.

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Howell, Hannah. Collateral damage. New York: Zebra, 2008.

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Damage control: [a novel]. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2011.

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JANCE, J. A. Damage Control. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Damage type"

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Wei, Na, and Zhi-Zhong Guan. "Damage in Nervous System." In Coal-burning Type of Endemic Fluorosis, 105–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1498-9_6.

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Zeng, Xiao-Xiao, Jie Xiang, and Zhi-Zhong Guan. "Damage of Endocrine System." In Coal-burning Type of Endemic Fluorosis, 161–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1498-9_10.

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Liu, Ri-Guang. "Surgical Treatment of Joint Damage in Skeletal Fluorosis." In Coal-burning Type of Endemic Fluorosis, 377–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1498-9_23.

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Xie, Tao, Yan Jun Qiu, Ze Zhong Jiang, and Chang Fa Al. "Study on Compound Type Crack Propagation Behavior of Asphalt Concrete." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 759–62. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.759.

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Minchew, Candace L., and Vladimir V. Didenko. "Quick Detection of DNase II-Type Breaks in Formalin-Fixed Tissue Sections." In Fast Detection of DNA Damage, 113–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7187-9_9.

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Ceravolo, Rosario, Giacomo V. Demarie, and Silvano Erlicher. "Instantaneous Identification of Bouc-Wen-Type Hysteretic Systems from Seismic Response Data." In Damage Assessment of Structures VII, 331–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-444-8.331.

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Li, Y. Q., M. S. Zhou, Z. H. Xiang, and Z. Z. Cen. "Multi-type Sensor Placement Design for Damage Detection." In Computational Mechanics, 322. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75999-7_122.

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Kopiláková, B., M. Bošanský, and J. Zápotočný. "Influence of the Type of Gearing to Pitting Damage." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 349–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05203-8_48.

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Del Fresno, Carlos, Francisco J. Cueto, and David Sancho. "Sensing Tissue Damage by Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 117–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2019_194.

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Nagao, Ken, Nariyuki Hayashi, Katuo Kanmatsuse, Kimio Kikushima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, and Takeo Mukouyama. "Resuscitative Hypothermia in Comatose Survivors After Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and B-type Natriuretic Peptide for the Advanced Challenge." In Hypothermia for Acute Brain Damage, 278–86. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53961-2_46.

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Conference papers on the topic "Damage type"

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Kalantariasl, Azim, Sundeep Duhan, and Pavel Bedrikovetsky. "Type Curves for Injectivity Decline." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165112-ms.

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Kudriavtsev, Eugene M., K. B. Abramova, and I. P. Scherbakov. "Soliton-type waves of reflection and conduction in metals at static loading as a possible tool of precatastrophic damage indications." In Boulder Damage, edited by Gregory J. Exarhos, Arthur H. Guenther, Keith L. Lewis, M. J. Soileau, and Christopher J. Stolz. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.461706.

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Kudriavtsev, Eugene M. "Soliton-type waves of reflection and conduction in laser-matter interaction: as appeared in collected papers of the Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials 1969-1998 (review)." In Boulder Damage, edited by Gregory J. Exarhos, Arthur H. Guenther, Keith L. Lewis, M. J. Soileau, and Christopher J. Stolz. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.461705.

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Fertl, Walter, and George V. Chilingar. "Determination of Volume, Type, and Distribution Modes of Clay Minerals from Well Logging Data." In SPE Formation Damage Control Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17145-ms.

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Atroschenko, L. V., Marina I. Kolybayeva, Vitaly I. Salo, and N. V. Khodeyeva. "Correlation between laser and mechanical strength of KDP-type crystals." In Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1995, edited by Harold E. Bennett, Arthur H. Guenther, Mark R. Kozlowski, Brian E. Newnam, and M. J. Soileau. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.240419.

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C D Delhom, R K Byler, X Cui, and D P Thibodeaux. "Saw-Type Lint Cleaner Damage by Machinery Components." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24692.

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Reberg, Andrew, Siamak Yazdani, Svenn Borgersen, Mijia Yang, and Yail J. Kim. "Modeling Of Fatigue Type Processes With Damage Mechanics." In The Seventh International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-5354-2_st-191-545.

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Zakaria, Ahmed Salah El Deen, Mohamed Hafez, Jalel Ochi, Karim S. Zaki, Mehdi Lololi, and Ahmed S. Abou-Sayed. "Application of Genetic Algorithms to the Optimization of Pressure Transient Analysis of Water Injectors using Type Curves." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/143386-ms.

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Serrano, Justin R., and Leslie M. Phinney. "Optical Testing of Polycrystalline Silicon Flexure-Type Optical Actuators." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14950.

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Optical actuation is a necessity for the development of alloptical MEMS devices. Optically-powered actuators relying on a photothermal process are limited by overheating and structural damage resulting from the absorption of laser power. Surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) optical actuators, powered using an 808 nm continuous wave laser, were evaluated for displacement performance and susceptibility to damage. The tested actuators were of a flexure-type design fabricated from either a single 2.25 μm polysilicon layer or a 4.5 μm polysilicon laminate layer, and in three different designs. Displacement of the actuators was linear with power for all tested designs for powers below those that cause damage to the irradiated surface. Maximum displacement observed was in the 7-9 μm range regardless of actuator design. After surface damage is initiated, displacement of the actuator during irradiation recedes in all actuators, with actuators with a 50 μm-wide target surface exhibiting complete recession in their displacement. The return position of the actuators after the irradiated surface has damaged also exhibits recession on the order of 4-5 μm for surfaces damaged with up to 650 mW. Exposing the actuator surfaces to longer irradiation times had no effect on the displacement if the surface had no damage, but resulted in regression of the displacement as the irradiation time increased if the surface had preexisting damage.
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Smith, Suzanne, David Herrin, and Robin Glassburn. "Gravity effects and damage detection for truss-type spacecraft." In Dynamics Specialists Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1224.

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Reports on the topic "Damage type"

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Martinez Ballarin, Roberto. Evidence of Dopant-Type Inversion and Other Radiation Damage Effects of the CDF Silicon Detectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1249484.

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Martinez-Ballarin, Roberto. Evidence of Dopant Type-Inversion and Other Radiation Damage Effects of the CDF Silicon Detectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151636.

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Berney, Ernest, Andrew Ward, and Naveen Ganesh. First generation automated assessment of airfield damage using LiDAR point clouds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40042.

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This research developed an automated software technique for identifying type, size, and location of man-made airfield damage including craters, spalls, and camouflets from a digitized three-dimensional point cloud of the airfield surface. Point clouds were initially generated from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors mounted on elevated lifts to simulate aerial data collection and, later, an actual unmanned aerial system. LiDAR data provided a high-resolution, globally positioned, and dimensionally scaled point cloud exported in a LAS file format that was automatically retrieved and processed using volumetric detection algorithms developed in the MATLAB software environment. Developed MATLAB algorithms used a three-stage filling technique to identify the boundaries of craters first, then spalls, then camouflets, and scaled their sizes based on the greatest pointwise extents. All pavement damages and their locations were saved as shapefiles and uploaded into the GeoExPT processing environment for visualization and quality control. This technique requires no user input between data collection and GeoExPT visualization, allowing for a completely automated software analysis with all filters and data processing hidden from the user.
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Miller, James E. Muskrats. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208744.ws.

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The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a common, semi-aquatic rodent native to the United States. It spends its life in aquatic habitats and is well adapted for swimming. Although muskrats are an important part of native ecosystems, their burrowing and foraging activities can damage agricultural crops, native marshes and water control systems, such as aquaculture and farm ponds and levees. Such damage can significantly impact agricultural crops like rice that rely on consistent water levels for growth. Laws, regulations, and ordinances regarding the take of muskrats varies by state and province where they are found and regulations on seasons, bag limits, and type of traps or devices that can be used to take them must be carefully followed.
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Lekhanya, Portia Keabetswe, and Kabelo Mokgalaboni. Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B12 complex and alpha-lipoic acid as a treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0167.

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Review question / Objective: Does Alpha-Lipoic acid increase the uptake of glucose for better glycaemic control? Does vitamin B12 and Alpha-Lipoic acid improve inflammation? The aim of the study is to explore the effectiveness of Vitamin B12 and Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy with major emphasis on markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism. Condition being studied: Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is a heterogeneous type of nerve damage associated with diabetes mellitus, the condition most often damages nerves in the legs and feet. It presents both clinically and sub-clinically affecting the peripheral nervous system as a result of an increase in glucose concentration which interferes with nerve signalling. After the discovery of insulin as a treatment for Diabetes Mellitus (DM), the prevalence of DN has since increased significantly due to DM patients having a longer life expectancy. It has been estimated that atleast 50% of DM patients will develop DN in their life, with approximately 20% of these patients experiencing neuropathic pain. Nerves are susceptible to changes in glucose concentrations and insulin makes it impossible for neurons to continue regulating glucose uptake.
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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.

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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.
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Lumpkin, G. R., R. C. Ewing, and E. M. Foltyn. Thermal recrystallization of alpha-recoil damaged minerals of the pyrochlore structure type. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/437684.

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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.
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Green, Andre. LUNA Condition Based Monitoring Update: Mahalanobis distance for Individual Damage Types [Slides]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1807804.

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David, Lior, Yaniv Palti, Moshe Kotler, Gideon Hulata, and Eric M. Hallerman. Genetic Basis of Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 Resistance in Common Carp. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592645.bard.

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The goal of this project was to provide scientific and technical basis for initiating the development of breeding protocols using marker assisted selection for viral disease resistance in common carp. The specific objectives were: 1) Establishing families and characterizing the phenotypic and genetic variation of viral resistance; 2) Measuring the dynamics of immune response and developing a method to measure the long term immune memory; 3) Developing markers and generating a new genetic linkage map, which will enable initial QTL mapping; and, 4) Identifying genetic linkage of markers and candidate genes (like MHC and TLRs) with resistance to CyHV-3. The common carp is an important farmed freshwater fish species in the world. Edible carp is second only to tilapia in Israeli aquaculture production and ornamental carp (koi) is an important product in both the US and Israel. Carp industries worldwide have recently suffered enormous economic damage due to a viral disease caused by Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3). Aside from preventative measures, a sustainable solution to this problem will be to establish a genetic improvement program of the resistance of fish to the pathogen. The aims of the project was to take the necessary first steps towards that. The differences in survival rates after infection with CyHV-3 virus among 20 families from six types of crosses between three carp lines (two commercial lines and one wild-type carp) revealed that the wild-type carp and its crosses had a much-improved survival over the crosses of the commercial lines themselves. These crosses set the starting point for breeding of commercial strains with improved resistance. Resistant fish had lower antibody titer against the virus suggesting that resistance might depend more on the innate immunity. A set of 500 microsateliite markers was developed and the markers are currently being used for generating a genetic linkage map for carp and for identifying disease resistance QTL. Fourteen candidate immune genes, some of which were duplicated, were cloned from the carp and SNP markers were identified in them. The expression of these genes varied between tissues and suggested functional divergence of some duplicated genes. Initial association between CyHV-3 resistance and one of the genes was found when SNP alleles in these genes were tested for their segregation between susceptible and resistant progeny. The results of this project have implications to the development of viral resistant commercial carp strains and effective immunization against this aggressive disease. The genetic and immunological knowledge accumulated in this project will not only promote carp and koi production but will also contribute to a broader understanding of fish immunogenetics.
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