Relevant bibliographies by topics / Damage of WC-Co

Academic literature on the topic 'Damage of WC-Co'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Damage of WC-Co":

1

Brookes, Kenneth J. A. "Corrosion damage in WC/Co." Metal Powder Report 70, no. 2 (March 2015): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2015.01.055.

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Naughton-Duszová, Csanádi, Sedlák, Hvizdoš, and Dusza. "Small-Scale Mechanical Testing of Cemented Carbides from the Micro- to the Nano-Level: A Review." Metals 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050502.

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In this overview, we summarize the results published to date concerning the small-scale mechanical testing of WC–Co cemented carbides and similar hardmetals, describing the clear trend in the research towards ever-smaller scales (currently at the nano-level). The load-size effect during micro/nanohardness testing of hardmetals and their constituents and the influence of the WC grain orientation on their deformation, hardness, indentation modulus, fracture toughness, and fatigue characteristics are discussed. The effect of the WC grain size/orientation, cobalt content, and testing environment on damage accumulation, wear mechanisms, and wear parameters are summarized. The deformation and fracture characteristics and mechanical properties, such as the yield and compression strength, of WC–Co composites and their individual WC grains at different orientations during micropillar compression tests are described. The mechanical and fracture properties of micro-cantilevers milled from WC–Co hardmetals, single WC grains, and cantilevers containing WC/WC boundaries with differently-oriented WC grains are discussed. The physical background of the deformation and damage mechanisms in cemented carbides at the micro/nano-levels is descri and potential directions for future research in this field are outlined.
3

Dewangan, Saurabh, Somnath Chattopadhyaya, and Sergej Hloch. "Critical Damage Analysis of WC-Co Tip of Conical Pick due to Coal Excavation in Mines." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/292046.

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WC-Co based tools are widely used in the field of coal and rock excavation because of their unique combination of strength, hardness, and resistance to abrasive wear. Conical pick is one of the coal cutting tools. The tip of the pick is made of WC-Co material. As coal and rock are heterogeneous elements, they pose various constraints during excavation. As a result the tools wear out during the process. Other parameters like cutting techniques, tool orientation, and environmental conditions also affect the tool significantly. The wearing phenomenon greatly reduces the service life of the tools and thereby cuts down the production rate. To prevent such wearing process, it is important to investigate the different wear mechanisms in WC-Co. Simultaneously, there has to be an ongoing endeavour for the development of better quality WC-Co. This paper focuses on different wear mechanisms in a conical pick which has been used in a continuous miner machine for coal cutting. The worn out surface has been observed by using FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The mechanisms, namely, coal/rock intermixing, cracking and crushing of WC grains, and adhesion of rock particles, have been predominantly investigated in this study. A little indication of corrosive decay in the WC grain has also been reported. The EDS has detected material concentration in a selected area or point of the worn-out surface. The spectrograph confirms the presence of coal/rock materials. Elements such as W, C, Ca, K, O, and Co have been mainly found in different concentrations at different positions.
4

Schneider, Yanling, Reiner Zielke, Chensheng Xu, Muhammad Tayyab, Ulrich Weber, Siegfried Schmauder, and Wolfgang Tillmann. "Experimental Investigations of Micro-Meso Damage Evolution for a Co/WC-Type Tool Material with Application of Digital Image Correlation and Machine Learning." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133562.

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Commercial Co/WC/diamond composites are hard metals and very useful as a kind of tool material, for which both ductile and quasi-brittle behaviors are possible. This work experimentally investigates their damage evolution dependence on microstructural features. The current study investigates a different type of Co/WC-type tool material which contains 90vol.% Co instead of the usual < 50vol.%. The studied composites showed quasi-brittle behavior. An in-house-designed testing machine realizes the in-situ micro-computed tomography (CT) under loading. This advanced equipment can record local damage in 3D during the loading. The digital image correlation technique delivers local displacement/strain maps in 2D and 3D based on tomographic images. As shown by nanoindentation tests, matrix regions near diamond particles do not possess higher hardness values than other regions. Since local positions with high stress are often coincident with those with high strain, diamonds, which aim to achieve composites with high hardnesses, contribute to the strength less than the WC phase. Samples that illustrated quasi-brittle behavior possess about 100–130 MPa higher tensile strengths than those with ductile behavior. Voids and their connections (forming mini/small cracks) dominant the detected damages, which means void initiation, growth, and coalescence should be the damage mechanisms. The void appears in the form of debonding. Still, it is uncovered that debonding between Co-diamonds plays a major role in provoking fatal fractures for composites with quasi-brittle behavior. An optimized microstructure should avoid diamond clusters and their local volume concentrations. To improve the time efficiency and the object-identification accuracy in CT image segmentation, machine learning (ML), U-Net in the convolutional neural network (deep learning), is applied. This method takes only about 40 min to segment more than 700 images, i.e., a great improvement of the time efficiency compared to the manual work and the accuracy maintained. The results mentioned above demonstrate knowledge about the strengthening and damage mechanisms for Co/WC/diamond composites with > 50vol.% Co. The material properties for such tool materials (> 50vol.% Co) is rarely published until now. Efforts made in the ML part contribute to the realization of autonomous processing procedures in big-data-driven science applied in materials science.
5

Agode, K. E., C. Wolff, M. Guven, and M. Nouari. "Modelling of the damage initiation at WC/WC and WC/Co boundaries in WC-Co tool material at the microstructure scale: Application to the tool/chip contact." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 119 (February 2024): 106508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106508.

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Siwak, Piotr. "Indentation Induced Mechanical Behavior of Spark Plasma Sintered WC-Co Cemented Carbides Alloyed with Cr3C2, TaC-NbC, TiC, and VC." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010217.

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The focus of this paper is on examining the mechanical behavior of spark plasma sintered WC-Co based composites doped with Cr3C2, TaC-NbC, TiC, and VC, as well as defining some parameters characterizing deformation and fracture processes during hardness measurement. The calculated microhardness of WC-Co cemented carbides for all the studied compositions is found to be higher than the results obtained during hardness testing. Therefore, the ratio of the experimental and calculated values of microhardness is shown to be an approximate indication of WC-Co cemented carbide sensitivity to damage processes during indentation. Some parameters characterizing the microstructure–microhardness relationship are defined, and the nanomechanical properties of WC-Co cemented carbide phases are examined in order to separate the deformation and fracture processes during the indentation process. Strain gradient linear function parameters are calculated for 10-cycle nanoindentation. It was found that the nanoindentation curve after 10 cycles shows anomalous behavior of the WC grains, which indicates their fracture processes.
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Valarezo, Alfredo, Giovanni Bolelli, Wanhuk B. Choi, Sanjay Sampath, Valeria Cannillo, Luca Lusvarghi, and Roberto Rosa. "Damage tolerant functionally graded WC–Co/Stainless Steel HVOF coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 205, no. 7 (December 2010): 2197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.148.

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Aizawa, Tatsuhiko, Tomomi Shiratori, Yoshihiro Kira, Tomoaki Yoshino, and Yohei Suzuki. "Femtosecond Laser Trimming with Simultaneous Nanostructuring to Fine Piercing Punch to Electrical Amorphous Steel Sheets." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050568.

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A CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond coated tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) sintered alloy punch was trimmed by the femtosecond laser machining to sharpen its edge with about 2 μm and to simultaneously make nanostructuring to its side surface. In addition to the sharpened edge, its edge profile was formed to be homogeneous enough to reduce the damage layer width by piercing the electrical amorphous steel sheet stack. Each brittle sheet in the stacked work was damaged to have three kinds of defects by piercing; e.g., the droop-like cracking in the thickness and at the vicinity of hole, the wrinkling in peak-to-valley with partial cracking on the peaks, and the circumferential cracking. When using the WC (Co) punch with the inhomogeneous edge profile in the sharpened edge width, these three damages were induced into each sheet and the maximum damage width exceeded 80 μm. When using the punch with the sharpened edge and homogeneous edge profile, the wrinkling mode was saved and the total affected layer width was significantly reduced to less than 20 μm. Through the precise embossing experiments, this effect of punch edge profile condition to the induced damages was discussed with a statement on the nanostructuring effect on the reduction of damaged width in electrical amorphous steel sheets. The developed tool with the sharpened edge and homogenous edge condition contributes to the realization of a low iron loss motor with a reduced affected layer width.
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Liang, Jing, Marc Serra, Sandra Gordon, Jonathan Fernández de Ara, Eluxka Almandoz, Luis Llanes, and Emilio Jimenez-Piqué. "Comparative Study of Mechanical Performance of AlCrSiN Coating Deposited on WC-Co and cBN Hard Substrates." Ceramics 6, no. 2 (June 9, 2023): 1238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6020075.

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The objective of this study is to explore and compare the mechanical response of AlCrSiN coatings deposited on two different substrates, namely, WC-Co and cBN. Nano-indentation was used to measure the hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings, and micro-indentation was used for observing the contact damage under Hertzian contact with monotonic and cyclic (fatigue) loads. Microscratch and contact damage tests were also used to evaluate the strength of adhesion between the AlCrSiN coatings and the two substrates under progressive and constant loads, respectively. The surface damages induced via different mechanical tests were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A focused ion beam (FIB) was used to produce a cross-section of the coating–substrate system in order to further detect the mode and extent of failure that was induced. The results show that the AlCrSiN coating deposited on the WC-Co substrate performed better in regard to adhesion strength and contact damage response than the same coating deposited on the cBN substrate; this is attributed to the lower plasticity of the cBN substrate as well as its less powerful adhesion to the coating.
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Anand, K., and H. Conrad. "Local impact damage and erosion mechanisms in WC-6wt.%Co alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 105-106 (December 1988): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(88)90725-2.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Damage of WC-Co' for particular source types:
Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Damage of WC-Co":

1

Agode, Kofi Edoh. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement à l’usure des outils de coupe en carbure de tungstène pour différentes teneurs en cobalt lors de l’usinage de l’alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0141.

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En raison de sa grande dureté et sa résistance à l'usure, le carbure de tungstène avec liant cobalt (WC-Co) est le matériau incontournable pour la fabrication des outils d’usinage, des outillages de découpe et de formage, ainsi que des pièces d'usure nécessitant une dureté importante et une grande précision. La modification de la microstructure du carbure de tungstène, et plus particulièrement sa teneur en cobalt suscite aujourd’hui le plus grand intérêt de la part des fabricants pour développer de nouvelles nuances plus performantes et ainsi gagner de nouveaux parts de marché. Cette thèse propose d’étudier l’effet de la teneur en cobalt des outils carbure sur les grandeurs mesurées et les mécanismes d’usure lors de l’usinage des superalliages durs à base de titane (Ti-6Al-4V). Le travail de recherche, à la fois expérimental et numérique, est consacré d’une part à la compréhension des mécanismes microscopiques d’endommagement conduisant à l’usure macroscopique du composite WC-Co, et d’autre part à l’influence de la teneur en cobalt sur le comportement du WC-Co en tenant compte du couplage mécanique-microstructure-endommagement. Sur la base d’une analyse expérimentale, l’identification des phénomènes physiques macroscopiques et microscopiques mis en jeu aux niveaux des interfaces de contact outil/copeau et outil/pièce a été conduite. A cet effet, des essais d’usinage ont été réalisés dans un premier temps sur le couple outil-matière WC-Co/Ti-6Al-4V avec différentes teneurs en cobalt pour les outils. Dans un deuxième temps, une caractérisation tribologique, du même couple outil-matière, a été menée afin d’évaluer l’influence de la teneur en cobalt et les conditions de contact (vitesse de glissement, effort appliqué) sur le coefficient de frottement et l’usure. Toutefois, l’inaccessibilité des zones de contact pendant l’usinage et les essais tribologiques n’ont pas permis une description complète des mécanismes d’usure observés qu’ils soient macroscopiques (collage, abrasion, déformation, ...), ou microscopique (fissuration, endommagement des phases WC, Co). La simulation numérique par éléments finis s’est avérée alors un outil complémentaire intéressant pour l’analyse de ces mécanismes d’usure. Notre stratégie de modélisation s’est intéressée à la réponse du WC-Co à l’échelle de la microstructure sous un chargement thermomécanique représentatif de l’usinage. Le modèle proposé tient compte du comportement des phases WC et Co séparément et celui des interfaces WC-WC et WC-Co. Cette stratégie a permis d’étudier et identifier les paramètres influant sur le comportement de la microstructure depuis la phase élastique jusqu’à l’initiation de l’endommagement. Un bon accord a été obtenu entre les résultats du comportement numérique à l’initiation de l’endommagement dans la microstructure et ceux des observations expérimentales en termes d’effets de la teneur en cobalt dans le carbure de tungstène et des conditions d’usinage appliquées
Due to their high hardness and wear resistance, cemented carbide (WC-Co) is the main material used to manufacture machining tools and forming tooling, as well as wear parts requiring high hardness and high precision. The modification of tungsten carbide microstructure, and more particularly its cobalt content, is currently attracting the greatest interest from manufacturers to develop new grades tools with high performance, and then expand new markets.This thesis aims to study the effect of the cobalt content of carbide tools on the measured values and wear mechanisms when machining hard superalloys such as the aeronautical titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V. Both experimental and numerical research work are devoted on one hand to the understanding of the microscopic damage mechanisms leading to the macroscopic wear of the WC-Co composite and on the other hand, to the influence of the cobalt content on the behavior of the WC-Co taking into account the mechanical-microstructure-damage coupling.On the basis of an experimental analysis, the identification of the macroscopic and microscopic physical phenomena involved at the tool/chip and tool/workpiece contact interfaces was conducted. Machining tests were firstly carried out on the tool-material couple WC-Co/Ti-6Al-4V with different cobalt contents for the tools (from 6 to 15%). In a second step, a tribological characterization of the same tool-material couple was carried out to evaluate the influence of the cobalt content and the contact conditions (sliding speed, applied force) on the friction coefficient and wear. However, the inaccessibility of the contact zones during machining and the tribological tests did not allow a complete description of the wear mechanisms observed, whether macroscopic mechanisms (adhesion, abrasion, deformation, ...), or microscopic mechanisms (cracking, damage of the WC and Co phases). The numerical simulation using finite elements (FE) proved to be a very interesting complementary tool for the analysis of these wear mechanisms.Our modeling strategy focused on the response of WC-Co at the microstructure scale for the thermomechanical loading close to that obtained by machining. The proposed model takes into account the behavior of the WC and Co phases separately and that of the interfaces WC-WC and WC-Co of the composite. This strategy allowed to study and identify parameters influencing the behavior of the microstructure from the elastic stage to the damage initiation. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the numerical behavior at the initiation of damage in the microstructure and those of the experimental observations in terms of the effects of the cobalt content in the tungsten carbide and of the applied machining conditions

Book chapters on the topic "Damage of WC-Co":

1

Quinn, D. F., P. J. Connolly, T. L. O’Regan, M. A. Howe, and P. E. McHugh. "Simulation of Co Binder Failure in WC-Co Hardmetals." In IUTAM Symposium on Micromechanics of Plasticity and Damage of Multiphase Materials, 231–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1756-9_29.

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Gee, M. G., K. P. Mingard, A. J. Gant, and H. G. Jones. "FIB / SEM Determination of Sub-Surface Damage Caused by Micro-Tribology Scratching of WC/Co Hardmetal Samples." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on 3D Materials Science, 25–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48762-5_4.

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Gee, M. G., K. P. Mingard, A. J. Gant, and H. G. Jones. "FIB/SEM Determination of Sub-Surface Damage Caused by Micro-Tribology Scratching of WC/Co Hardmetal Samples." In 1stInternational Conference on 3D Materials Science, 25–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118686768.ch4.

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Aizawa, Tatsuhiko, Tadahiko Inonara, Tomoaki Yoshino, Tomomi Shiratori, and Yohei Suzuki. "Laser Treatment CVD Diamond Coated Punch for Ultra-Fine Piercing of Metallic Sheets." In Engineering Applications of Diamond. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96446.

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CVD-diamond coated special tools have been widely utilized to prolong their tool life in practical production lines. WC (Co) punch for fine piercing of metallic sheets required for high wear-toughness to be free from chipping and damages and for high product quality to punch out the holes with sufficient dimensional accuracy. The laser trimming process was developed to reduce the surface roughness of diamond coating down to submicron level and to adjust its diamond layer dimensions with a sharp punch edge for accurate piercing. The pulsed laser irradiation was employed to demonstrate that micro-groove was accurately formed into the diamond coating. Less deterioration in the worked diamond film by this laser treatment was proved by the Raman spectroscopy. The femtosecond laser trimming was proposed to sharpen the punch edge down to 2 μm and to form the nano-textured punch side surfaces with the LIPSS (Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structuring)-period of 300 nm. Fine piercing experiments were performed to demonstrate that punch life was significantly extended to continuous punching in more than 10,000 shots and that mirror-shining hole surfaces were attained in every shot by regularly coining the nanotextures. The sharp punch edge with homogeneous edge profile was responsible for reduction of the induced damages into work sheet by piercing. The punch life was extended by the ejection mechanism of debris particles through the nanotextures on the punch side surface. The present laser treatment was useful in trimming and nanostructuring the complex-shaped punch edge for industrial application.

Conference papers on the topic "Damage of WC-Co":

1

Tajiri, T., N. Sakoda, S. Yamamoto, and S. Watanabe. "Damage in Thermal-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings by Repeated Load." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0743.

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Abstract Two types of WC-12wt%Co powders, each manufactured by a different process, were thermally sprayed on a medium carbon steel by HVOF, and repeated load tests (rolling contact fatigue test and high cycles fatigue test) were carried out. The surface damages for the two types of coatings were investigated. It has been clear that the coating damages depend on the types of powders. It has been found that in rolling contact fatigue, there are the coatings, in which damage is characterized by delamination, and by a mixture of delamination and cracks. And it has also been found that in high cycles fatigue, there are the coatings, in which damage is characterized by net-like fatigue cracks, and by linear fatigue cracks.
2

Hayakawa, Kunio, Tamotsu Nakamura, and Shigekazu Tanaka. "Elastic-Plastic Constitutive Equation of WC-Co Cemented Carbides with Anisotropic Damage." In MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN; Modeling, Simulation and Applications; NUMIFORM '07; Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2740988.

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Ibrahim, A., C. C. Berndt, and U. Senturk. "Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Damage of Aluminum Alloy and Steel HVOF Sprayed With WC-Co Coatings." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0479.

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Abstract This paper investigates the effect of HVOF thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings on the cyclic deformation of the aluminum alloy 2024-T4 and the steel SAE 12L14. Strain gages are glued on the specimen surface to measure the strain response after certain intervals of fatigue cycles. The strain is also measured during the fatigue test. A calibrated beam is used to apply the bending moment and the stress calculated using the flexural formula. The stress-strain curves for uncycled and cycled specimens are determined. The dynamic strains for the coated and uncoated specimens are also monitored during the fatigue test. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
4

Pejyrd, L., J. Wigren, D. J. Greving, R. T. R. McGrann, J. R. Shadley, and E. F. Rybicki. "Residual Stress Development during Thermal Spraying of WC-Co on Titanium." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0863.

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Abstract Tungsten carbide cobalt thermal spray coatings are used in the aircraft industry to reduce wear damage of lightweight metals such as titanium The performance and life of tungsten carbide (WC-Co) coated titanium materials depend on many factors. An important factor that has received increased attention in thermal spray research is the residual stresses in the coating and substrate. Residual stresses depend on the parameters of the application process. Parameters affecting residual stresses include the prespray treatment of the substrate material (grit blasting, shot peening) and the type of spray application process (HVOF, plasma arc) During the in-service life of a WC-Co coated material, residual stresses can change significantly. The goal of this work is to quantitatively evaluate the changes in residual stresses of the substrate and the WC-Co coating during various stages of processing. A destructive laboratory method, called the "Modified Layer Removal Method," was used to evaluate the through-thickness residual stresses of the WC-Co coating and the titanium substrate material. Residual stresses are determined for three conditions: (1) shot peened, (2) shot peened and grit blasted, and (3) shot-peened, grit blasted and thermal spray coated. The changes in the residual stresses are shown at selected stages during the processing history of the coated materials. Differences between residual stress levels at selected stages are identified and discussed. The effect of coating thickness and HVOF application process on the residual stress in the coating is also examined.
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Shipway, P. H., D. G. McCartney, and T. Sudaprasert. "HVOF Spraying of WC-Co Coatings with Liquid-Fuelled and Gas-Fuelled Systems: Competing Mechanisms of Structural Degradation." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0963.

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Abstract It is widely known that during high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying of tungsten carbide – cobalt (WC-Co) coatings, decomposition occurs resulting in the formation of W2C and a relatively brittle amorphous binder phase (along with other carbides and even metallic tungsten). Decomposition has generally been seen to be deleterious to the wear resistance of these coatings and, as such, there have been moves to reduce it. Since decomposition during spraying initiates with WC dissolution into the molten binder phase, strategies for its minimization have been based on reduction of particle temperatures and exposure times during spraying. Moves in spraying from gas-fuelled systems to liquid-fuelled systems have contributed towards these goals. This paper examines microstructural features and wear behaviour of WC-Co coatings deposited with both a liquid-fuelled and a gas-fuelled system. Contrary to expectation, it was found that the wear rate of the liquid-fuel sprayed coating was five to ten times higher than that of the gas-fuel sprayed coating. It was shown that whilst the degree of decomposition was limited during spraying with a liquid-fuelled system, the solid core of WC-Co suffers significant mechanical damage on impact as it is deposited, resulting in carbide fracture and size reduction and thus to the low observed wear resistance.
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Kitamura, J., H. Mizuno, S. Tawada, and I. Aoki. "HVOF Sprayed Coatings by Customized Cermet Materials for Specific Applications." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0657.

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Abstract High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed cermet coatings are required in various industrial fields due to their excellent properties, such as combination of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high hardness, high bonding strength and stability under high temperature. In order to utilize them in the fields, optimization of composition and structure of the coatings are essentially important meaning that both spray powders and spray conditions are key process parameters. In this paper, developed spray powders of cermet materials are introduced for the specific applications, where 1. cavitation erosion, 2. mechanical impact, 3. corrosion by molten alloy and 4. general abrasive wear are major factors that damage the coatings. In order to solve these factors, HVOF coatings of 1. WC/Co/Cr with large WC particle, 2. WC/Cr3C2/Ni with addition of metal or alloy, 3. MoB/CoCr composed of double boride and 4. WC particle size in WC based cermet, are proposed and these merits are described.
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Guilemany, J. M., J. M. De Paco, J. R. Miguel, and J. A. Calero. "The Use of the Scanning White Light Interferometry to Determine the Damage Produced in Wear Tests." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0741.

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Abstract The ball-on-disk wear test is widely used in order to determine the sliding wear resistance behaviour of the samples. Although a great number of authors consider the ball-on-disk test to be far from the real situation, the results obtained permit to develop a preliminary idea about the wear behaviour of the tested samples. During the development of the ball-on-disk test a wear track is formed on the test specimen. Scanning white light interferometry can be used to determine the surface damage in the wear track by obtaining images which relate to the surface profile and general morphology. From measurements on interferometric profiles it is possible to determine accurately the track depth and width and hence the volume of the coating removed by wear. It is also possible to determine by optical microscopy the volume of metal lost from the ball. The results obtained have improved the general understanding of the energy absorption during wear and of the observed changes in the coefficient of friction. The results obtained have shown that with the coatings of WC-Co deposited by the HVOF process no volumetric changes occur when using a WC-6%Co sintered ball. Tests on coatings containing TiC or Cr3CZ as the carbide phase or stainless steel coatings show significant losses of material.
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Branagan, D. J., M. C. Marshall, B. E. Meacham, L. F. Aprigliano, R. Bayles, E. J. Lemieux, T. Newbauer, et al. "Wear and Corrosion Resistant Amorphous / Nanostructured Steel Coatings For Replacement of Electrolytic Hard Chromium." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0733.

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Abstract In severe corrosive or abrasive environments, steel is rarely used since the range of properties available, in existing steels, are insufficient, resulting in the prevalent usage of either corrosion resistant materials like nickel based superalloys or abrasion resistant materials like tungsten carbide based hardmetals. Recently, a host of carbide based alloys including WC-Co-Cr, NiCr-Cr3C2, WC-WB-Co etc. have been developed in an attempt to bridge the gap between providing both wear and corrosion protection. Data will be presented showing how a newly developed steel coating, SAM2X5, with an amorphous / nanocomposite structure can bridge the gap between conventional metallic alloys and ceramic hardmetal performance with excellent combinations of properties including corrosion resistance superior to nickel base superalloys in seawater / chloride environments and wear resistance approaching that of tungsten carbide. The unique combination of damage tolerance developed should be especially applicable for the replacement of electrolytic hard chromium coatings.
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Hodgkiess, T., J. M. Perry, and A. Neville. "Effect of Angle of Impingement on Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour of a WC-Co-Cr HVOF Sprayed Coating." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0715.

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Abstract This paper describes an investigation of the influence of impingement angle of a solid/liquid jet upon the erosion corrosion behaviour of a tungsten carbide-cobalt-chromium thermal sprayed coating. The coating type investigated was a nominal WC-10%Co-4%Cr material, HVOF-sprayed onto a stainless steel substrate. This coating was subjected to a submerged impinging jet at 12 m/s of 3.5% NaCl solution containing various concentrations of suspended sand particles at 18°C. The angles of impingement employed were 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees and the measured total weight losses exhibited a significant influence of impingement angle with reduced material losses at more oblique angles of jet impact. The implementation of cathodic protection to the specimens enabled the pure mechanical component of the overall erosion-corrosion damage to be determined and this was also found to be dependent upon the angle of impingement of the liquid/solid stream. In contrast, the pure corrosion component (determined from in-situ electrochemical monitoring) exhibited no systematic trends with impingement angle. The findings are discussed in terms of the detailed erosion-corrosion mechanisms and implications for operational durability of cermet coatings
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Fooladi Mahani, S., C. Liu, F. García-Marro, X. K. Cai, E. Jiménez-Piqué, and L. Llanes. "Damage Maps Of Cemented Carbides Under Contact Loading: Assessment By Means Of Hertzian, Conical, And Vickers Indentation." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235761011.

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Resistance to contact loading is a key issue to consider for microstructural design of cemented carbides to be used as tools and wear components. In this work, Vickers, conical and Hertzian indentation has been implemented to assess contact damage response for three microstructurally different WC-Co cemented carbides. Deformation and damage linked to induced imprints were inspected at both surface and subsurface levels, the latter through sequential tomography. Results are presented as damage maps as a function of applied load. It is found that critical load values for emergence of cracks as well as for their subsequent evolution are strongly dependent on indenter geometry (linked to specific stress field) and fracture toughness of the material. Practical implications of these findings, in terms of future damage tolerance studies, are finally discussed.

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