Relevant bibliographies by topics / Damage caused to an animal

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Damage caused to an animal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Damage caused to an animal"

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Petr, Pavel. "Of Mice and Men, and of Things in the Legal Sense." International and Comparative Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2018-0046.

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Abstract This paper aims to describe one part of the issue - the fact that a living ani­mal is not a thing. Does that mean that one could not “own” an animal, or perhaps that an animal as a subject of rights? Will it be liable for damage it causes? The author believe that the provision specifically aims at pets and it is a pity that it is not explicitly men­tioned. The different attitude of legislator is also reflected in compensation for damage, which now involves a special material element of compensation for damage caused by and to an animal. These and other aspects are addressed in this paper.
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Ferraz, Katia Maria Paschoaletto Michi de Barros, Marrie-Anne Lechevalier, Hilton Thadeu Zarate do Couto, and Luciano Martins Verdade. "Damage caused by capybaras in a corn Field." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 1 (February 2003): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000100029.

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Damage caused by capybaras in agroecossystems in Brazil has been frequently observed. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the actual damage caused by capybaras in a corn field, aiming to get basic information on how, how much, and where these damage occur. Systematic sampling indicated that 26% of the planted area were damaged by capybaras, and the highest percentage of damage occurred on the border of the corn field (t=4.5698, p=0.0001). Damage in areas adjacent to a forest fragment was significantly higher (t=13.6198, p=0.0001), suggesting that the strategy of area utilization for feeding was related to the proximity of the resources "forest" and "water". Avoiding corn plantation in areas adjacent to forest fragments used by capybaras and, when possible, controlling capybara population may lead to a reduction of damage occurrence in agroecossystems.
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Stojanović, Nataša. "Liability for damage caused by animals." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 57, no. 81 (2018): 321–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfni1881321s.

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Yung, M. W. "Intratympanic ototoxicity: influence of post-injection survival period." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 101, no. 10 (October 1987): 1011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100103159.

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AbstractMany studies have been reported on the intratympanic ototoxicity of different drugs in animal models. The recovery periods of the animals following intratympanic drug applications varied among these studies. The present study compares the cochlear damage caused by intratympanic kanamycin following short (4 days) and long (30 days) post-injection survival periods, using the guinea pig as the animal model.The degree of cochlear damage 4 days after kanamycin injection was consistent among the tested animals. The degeneration was mainly confined to the outer hair cells and almost all inner hair were spared. The change 30 days after kanamycin injection was more variable among the animals and both inner and outer hair cells were damaged. This shows that, although the damage to the cochlea after intratympanic aminoglycoside injection is progressive, a short post-injection recovery period is suitable for comparative intratympanic ototoxicity studies.
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Connor, Paul D. "Synthesizing Animal and Human Studies of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 5 (July 2001): 648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701225120.

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The primary focus of this volume is on the impact of alcohol on brain development. It is a perfect example of how research on both animals and humans can interact to produce very important findings. In the case of prenatal alcohol exposure, dialogue between animal and human researchers has proved to be very profitable for both lines of research. Initial observations by human researchers identified a syndrome of facial stigmata, physical malformations, and early behavioral disturbances that was related to maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy. They gave this syndrome the name Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. However, human researchers were unable to state unequivocally that prenatal alcohol exposure was teratogenic to the fetus. Thus, they turned to animal researchers who were able to model Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in a variety of animals and to confirm the teratogenicity of alcohol on the developing fetus. The quarter century of studies of the damage caused by prenatal alcohol exposure is replete with such interactions between these two groups of researchers. Without the input and pioneering studies of animal researchers on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, human researchers would have much less understanding of the damage caused by alcohol exposure in utero or insights into possible treatment or remediation strategies for those damaged by alcohol exposure.
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Klich, Daniel, Rafał Łopucki, Magdalena Perlińska-Teresiak, Agata Lenkiewicz-Bardzińska, and Wanda Olech. "Human–Wildlife Conflict: The Human Dimension of European Bison Conservation in the Bieszczady Mountains (Poland)." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020503.

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An important limitation for the population growth of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains may be the level of social acceptance. The study aimed to compare attitudes to European bison of local village inhabitants in Bieszczady and city dwellers in Rzeszów. We also investigated whether damage caused by European bison or other wild species changes peoples’ perceptions of this animal. Our study showed that not only does the growing European bison population cause an increase in negative attitudes among local village communities, but this species also causes more conflict than any other herbivore in the Bieszczady Mountains. Village residents believed that the main threats that arise from European bison were the damage they cause and forest use limitations. The current compensation system for the damage caused by this species does not solve the problem because over 60% of damage is not effectively reported to the state administration. The city dwellers of Rzeszów displayed a different attitude towards the European bison. We concluded that while educational workshops for local villagers may alleviate conflict in the short-term, ultimately it is only by restricting the growth of the European bison population that a long-term effect will be achieved.
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Yatsenko, I. V., O. I. Parilovskyi, and V. M. Zhylina. "The procedure for forensic veterinary determination of the severity of harm caused to the health of the animal." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 99 (October 28, 2020): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9928.

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The paper formulates the procedure for forensic veterinary determination of the severity of damage to animal health. According to the severity of injuries to animals, it is necessary to distinguish between injuries of three degrees: mild, moderate and severe. Forensic veterinary examination to determine the severity of injuries is carried out by a forensic veterinary expert through a veterinary examination of the injured (subject) animal. During the examination of the subject animal, the forensic veterinary expert establishes data about the animal according to the animal’s passport or other document that replaces it (animal’s nickname, individual number, species, sex, age, breed, etc.). If there are no documents for the animal, they are limited to information about the animal received from its owner or guardian; establishes the anamnestic data of the examined animal according to the explanations of the owner of the animal or its guardian; finds out the circumstances of the injury to the investigator, coroner, owner or guardian of the animal; clarifies complaints from the owner about the state of health of the animal; gets acquainted with the case materials provided by the law enforcement agency; examines other available veterinary documents, if necessary, finds out other information. The forensic veterinary expert, estimating the statute of limitations for violation of the anatomical integrity of tissues and organs and their functions, proceeds from their usual duration. Defects in veterinary care should not be taken into account when assessing the severity of injuries. In such cases, the forensic veterinary expert is obliged to indicate the nature of the causal relationship between the injury and such consequences. Damage to diseased tissues and organs of an animal can be considered as severe as damage to these organs and tissues in clinically healthy animals, if there is a direct causal link between the damage and the adverse effect. If during the examination of the subject animal the expert finds different origins of bodily injuries, he establishes what weapon of injury could have been inflicted on each of them. If the injuries are of different ages, indicate the frequency, non-simultaneity and sequence of their application, indicate the time of infliction of each of the injuries, determine the severity of each of them. In cases of death of an animal in the presence of bodily injuries, the forensic veterinary expert, along with resolving other issues, establishes the presence or absence of a causal link between the injury and the death of the animal. In cases where there is a causal link between injury and death, they can be considered fatal. All the information obtained is reflected in the expert’s report or in the report of the expert study. The results in the expert’s opinion should be the result of the analysis of objective information established during the forensic veterinary examination of the subject. They must be detailed and scientifically sound.
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Santos, Roseane Cavalcanti, Lucília Helena Marcellino, Rose Gomes Monnerat, and Eugen Silvano Gander. "Mechanical damage in cotton buds caused by the boll weevil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 38, no. 11 (November 2003): 1351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2003001100015.

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The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) causes high levels of bud abscission in cotton plants due to feeding or oviposition punctures. It has been reported that abscission is mainly due to enzymes present in the insect's saliva, but mechanical damage could also contribute to square abscission. The objective of this paper was to undertake an analysis of the morphological damages caused by the insect in cotton squares using microscopy. Anthers and ovules are the main target of boll weevil feeding. The process initiates by perforation of young sepal and petal tissues and proceeds with subsequent alimentation on stamen and ovary leading to abscission of floral structures.
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WiLSON, C. M., J. D. ALLEN, J. B. BRIDGES, and A. A. J. ADGEY. "Death and damage caused by multiple direct current shocks: studies in an animal model." European Heart Journal 9, no. 11 (November 1988): 1257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062438.

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Moore, Robert J. "Necrotic enteritis in chickens: an important disease caused by Clostridium perfringens." Microbiology Australia 36, no. 3 (2015): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma15041.

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Clostridium perfringens, a spore-forming, Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium, causes a variety of diseases throughout the animal kingdom. Each disease in each animal species tends to be caused by particular strains of C. perfringens and is defined by the tissue tropism and toxin profile of the bacteria. In chickens toxinotype A strains cause necrotic enteritis; a disease characterised by tissue damage to the proximal regions of the small intestine. In extreme cases the disease can be lethal but is more commonly seen as a sub-clinical disease that causes welfare issues and productivity losses within the poultry industry. The disease is currently well controlled in Australia by good management practices and, for some poultry producers, the use of antibiotics in the feed. However, the disease does cause significant issues in other regions including North America and Europe. In Europe there was a spike of necrotic enteritis disease when antibiotics were withdrawn from animal feeds. It is probable that the disease will become more of an issue in the Australian poultry industry as in-feed antibiotic use is reduced. Therefore, other methods of disease control are under investigation, including the development of vaccines.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Damage caused to an animal"

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Gavelis, Paulius. "Civilinė atsakomybė už gyvūnų padarytą žalą." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140625_205412-43450.

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Civilinė atsakomybė už gyvūnų padarytą žalą Santrauka Teismų praktika rodo, kad tinkamai įvertinti gyvūnų padarytos žalos aplinkybes, jų savininkų (valdytojų) atsakomybės laipsnį yra pakankamai sudėtinga. Darbo tikslas remiantis teisės norminiais aktais, teisės doktrina ir Lietuvos Respublikos teismų praktika išanalizuoti civilinės atsakomybės už gyvūnų padarytą žalą taikymo sąlygas, jų ypatumus. Atskleisti Lietuvos teismų praktikoje išryškėjusias problemas sprendžiant nuostolių atlyginimo klausimus dėl laukinių gyvūnų padarytos žalos bei išnagrinėti civilinės atsakomybės ypatumus dėl naminių gyvūnų padarytos žalos asmens sveikatai bei turtui, taip pat pateikti savo nuomonę aktualiausiais temos klausimais. Siekiant šio tikslo apžvelgiama deliktinės atsakomybės samprata, funkcijos, taikymo sąlygos gyvūnų padarytos žalos kontekste; atskleidžiami civilinės atsakomybės ypatumai laukinių gyvūnų sukeltuose eismo įvykiuose, aptariama civilinė atsakomybė už naminių gyvūnų padarytą žalą asmens sveikatai bei turtui. Civilinė atsakomybė, už gyvūnų padarytą žalą, yra deliktinė atsakomybė. Lietuvos Respublikos civilinio kodekso 6.245 str. 4 d. apibrėžia deliktinę atsakomybę, kaip turtinę prievolę, atsirandančią dėl žalos, kuri nesusijusi su sutartinais santykiais, išskyrus atvejus, kai įstatymai nustato, kad deliktinė atsakomybė atsiranda ir dėl žalos, susijusiais su sutartiniais santykiais. Civilinę atsakomybę, už gyvūnų padarytą žalą, reglamentuoja Lietuvos Respublikos civilinio kodekso... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Civil Liability for Damage Caused by Animals Summary Court practice reveals that proper assessment of circumstances of damage caused by animals as well as evaluation of the level of liability of their owners is quite troublesome. The thesis is devoted to an analysis of legal doctrine, legal acts and jurisprudence on pre-conditions for application of civil liability for damage caused by animals in order to reveal problems that occur in practice. The thesis covers conceptual issues of tort liability, its functions and pre-conditions for its application in the context of damage caused by animals; peculiarities of tort liability for damage caused by wild animals in traffic accidents as well for damage to health and property of persons caused by domestic animals are revealed. Jurisprudence of the Lithuanian courts on damage caused by wild animals Liability for damage caused by animals is tort liability. Paragraph 4 of the article 6.245 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania defines tort liability as a pecuniary obligation which is not related with contractual relations, except in cases where it is established by laws that delictual liability shall also result from damage related with contractual relations. Civil liability for damage caused by animals is being regulated by Article 6.267 (Chapter XXII, third section) of the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania, the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Wild Fauna, the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on the Care, Keeping... [to full text]
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Lucas, Lynda T. "Detection of DNA damage caused by N-nitrosoindoles." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30755.

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To evaluate the genotoxicity of N-nitrosoindoles, three model compounds, 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetonitrile (NIAN), 1-nitrosoindole-3-acetamide and l-nitrosoindole-3-acetic acid methyl ester, were reacted with isolated purine nucleotides at physiological pH. The profile of reaction products was identical for each of the N-nitrosoindoles. The results indicated that N-nitrosoindoles can efficiently transfer the nitroso group to nucleophilic targets in isolated purine nucleotides, causing depurination, deamination coupled with depurination to afford hypoxanthine and xanthine, and formation of a novel deoxyguanosine monophosphate analogue, 2'-deoxyoxanosine monophosphate and its corresponding depurination product, oxanine. These pathways of modification were preserved at the macromolecular level in oligonucleotides and calf thymus DNA, with guanine residues appearing to be a primary site of reaction. The studies revealed an additional cross-linked product at CG residues in NIAN-treated duplex DNA. Pyrimidine residues were inactive toward nitroso transfer by NIAN. The ability of the nitroso group to exert damage at the nuclei was demonstrated in vivo in the glandular stomach of CD-I mice via detection of abasic site damage, and in single cells in vitro as shown by the Comet assay. NIAN was mutagenic in the Ames II assay. In contrast to many other genotoxic N-nitrosocompounds, which are known to alkylate DNA, the genotoxicity of N-nitrosoindoles arises via efficient transnitrosation to nucleophilic sites on the purine bases. All of the products resulting from transnitrosation by N-nitrosoindoles are potentially mutagenic if they occur in vivo.
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Bäckström, Ann. "Rock damage caused by underground excavation and meteorite impacts." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknisk geologi och geofysik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4824.

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The intent of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the origin of fractures in rock. The man-made fracturing from engineering activities in crystalline rock as well as the fracturing induced by the natural process of meteorite impacts is studied by means of various characterization methods. In contrast to engineering induced rock fracturing, where the goal usually is to minimize rock damage, meteorite impacts cause abundant fracturing in the surrounding bedrock. In a rock mass the interactions of fractures on the microscopic scale (mm-cm scale) influence fractures on the mesoscopic scale (dm-m scale) as well as the interaction of the mesocopic fractures influencing fractures on the macroscopic scale (m-km scale). Thus, among several methods used on different scales, two characterization tools have been developed further. This investigation ranges from the investigation of micro-fracturing in ultra-brittle rock on laboratory scale to the remote sensing of fractures in large scale structures, such as meteorite impacts. On the microscopic scale, the role of fractures pre-existing to the laboratory testing is observed to affect the development of new fractures. On the mesoscopic scale, the evaluation of the geometric information from 3D-laser scanning has been further developed for the characterisation of fractures from tunnelling and to evaluate the efficiency of the tunnel blasting technique in crystalline rock. By combining information on: i) the overbreak and underbreak; ii) the orientation and visibility of blasting drillholes and; iii) the natural and blasting fractures in three dimensions; a analysis of the rock mass can be made. This analysis of the rock mass is much deeper than usually obtained in rock engineering for site characterization in relation to the blasting technique can be obtained based on the new data acquisition. Finally, the estimation of fracturing in and around two meteorite impact structures has been used to reach a deeper understanding of the relation between fracture, their water content and the electric properties of the rock mass. A correlation between electric resistivity and fracture frequency in highly fractured crystalline rock has been developed and applied to potential impact crater structures. The results presented in this thesis enables more accurate modelling of rock fractures, both supporting rock engineering design and interpretation of meteorite impact phenomena.
QC 20100709
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Bäckström, Ann. "Rock damage caused by underground excavation and meteorite impacts /." Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Land and Water Resource Engineering, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4824.

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Fang, Min. "Assessing DNA damage caused by heterocyclic amines in cooked foods." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411673.

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Iscan, Abdullah Gurkan G. "Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of Formation Damage Caused By Drilling Fluids." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607592/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, permeability impairment caused by drilling fluids and subsequent cleaning and permeability enhancement by back-flow were investigated by means of experimental and simulation studies. Permeability damage caused by three different drilling fluids was measured experimentally by core tests as a function of the filtration pressure and analyzed using a simulator describing the fines migration and retention in porous media. The pore throat plugging criteria for the three drilling fluids were determined. The particle concentration and the fraction of depositing particles were obtained simultaneously as a function of time and distance along the core length by numerical solution. Simulations were run both with experimental data in forward and backward directions along the core samples. Permeability damage ratio was correlated with respect to drilling filtration pressure specially for each type of the drilling fluids and type curves were constructed. Simulation results accurately match the experimental data, indicating that this simulator can be used for the estimation of permeability reduction, and the permeability and porosity variation along the core samples at various filtration pressures. X-Ray digital image subtraction was applied to different sections of the core plugs before and after the circulation to visualize the fines migration into porous media. The maximum damage ratio was obtained with the CMC added drilling fluid with 81 %. In the absence of CMC and Polymer-XT, the damage ratio was found as 72.8%. It was also determined that a polymer-added drilling fluid characterized with 63.8% permeability damage ratio is the optimum drilling fluid, causing less formation damage than the water-based bentonite mud.
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Westrhenen, Rozemarijn van. "Understanding and preventing the peritoneal damage caused by conventional dialysis solutions." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/79957.

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Zhang, Shenjun. "Study of silicon damage caused by ultra-low energy boron implantation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271250.

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Ye, Wenjie Ball Louise M. "Oxidative damage to guanine in DNA caused by reactive oxygen species." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2457.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Gillings School of Global Public Health." Discipline: Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Department/School: Public Health.
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Chippendale, Richard. "Modelling of the thermal chemical damage caused to carbon fibre composites." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361708/.

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Previous investigations relating to lightning strike damage of Carbon Fibre Composites (CFC), have assumed that the energy input from a lightning strike is caused by the resistive (Joule) heating due to the current injection and the thermal heat ux from the plasma channel. Inherent within this statement, is the assumption that CFCs can be regarded as a perfect resistor. The validity of such an assumption has been experimentally investigated within this thesis. This experimental study has concluded that a typical quasi-isotropic CFC panel can be treated as a perfect resistor up to a frequency of at least 10kHz. By considering the frequency components within a lightning strike current impulse, it is evident that the current impulse leads predominately to Joule heating. This thesis has experimentally investigated the damage caused to samples of CFC, due to the different current impulse components, which make up a lightning strike. The results from this experiment have shown that the observed damage on the surface is different for each of the different types of current impulse. Furthermore, the damage caused to each sample indicates that, despite masking only the area of interest, the wandering arc on the surface stills plays an important role in distributing the energy input into the CFC and hence the observed damage. Regardless of the different surface damage caused by the different current impulses, the resultant damage from each component current impulse shows polymer degradation with fracturing and lifting up of the carbon fibres. This thesis has then attempted to numerically investigate the physical processes which lead to this lightning strike damage. Within the current state of the art knowledge there is no proposed method to numerically represent the lightning strike arc attachment and the subsequent arc wandering. Therefore, as arc wandering plays an important role in causing the observed damage, it is not possible to numerically model the lightning strike damage. An analogous damage mechanism is therefore needed so the lighting strike damage processes can be numerically investigated. This thesis has demonstrated that damage caused by laser ablation, represents a similar set of physical processes, to those which cause the lightning strike current impulse damage, albeit without any additional electrical processes. Within the numerical model, the CFC is numerically represented through a homogenisation approach and so the relevance and accuracy of a series of analytical methods for predicting the bulk thermal and electrical conductivity for use with CFCs have been investigated. This study has shown that the electrical conductivity is dominated by the percolation effects due to the fibre to fibre contacts. Due to the more comparable thermal conductivity between the polymer and the fibres, the bulk thermal conductivity is accurately predicted by an extension of the Eshelby Method. This extension allows the bulk conductivity of a composite system with more than two composite components to be calculated. Having developed a bespoke thermo-chemical degradation model, a series of validation studies have been conducted. First, the homogenisation approach is validated by numerically investigating the electrical conduction through a two layer panel of CFC. These numerical predictions showed initially unexpected current ow patterns. These predictions have been validated through an experimental study, which in turn validates the application of the homogenisation approach. The novelty within the proposed model is the inclusion of the transport of produced gasses through the decomposing material. The thermo-chemical degradation model predicts that the internal gas pressure inside the decomposing material can reach 3 orders of magnitude greater than that of atmospheric pressure. This explains the de-laminations and fibre cracking observed within the laser ablated damage samples. The numerical predictions show that the inclusion of thermal gas transport has minimal impact on the predicted thermal chemical damage. The numerical predictions have further been validated against the previously obtained laser ablation results. The predicted polymer degradation shows reasonable agreement with the experimentally observed ablation damage. This along with the previous discussions has validated the physical processes implemented within the thermo-chemical degradation model to investigate the thermal chemical lightning strike damage.
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Books on the topic "Damage caused to an animal"

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Ochieng, D. Damage caused by forest animals to farms adjacent to the south western side of Mount Kenya Forest Reserve. Nairobi: KIFCON, Karura Forest Station, 1993.

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Emerton, L. A survey to assess the damage caused by wild animals to farm households adjacent to the Aberdares Forest Reserve. Nairobi: KIFCON, Karura Forest Station, 1992.

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment. and Construction Research Communications Ltd, eds. Damage to buildings caused by trees. London: Construction Research Communications, 1996.

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Koch, Bernhard A., ed. Damage Caused by Genetically Modified Organisms. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783899498127.

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Pappel, Roland. Civil liability for damage caused by waste. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1995.

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Service, United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection. Strategic plan: Animal Damage Control. Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1989.

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Baumgartner, David M. Animal damage control in Washington. Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1985.

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Bobath, Berta. Abnormal postural reflex activity caused by brain lesions. 3rd ed. London: Heinemann Physiotherapy in association with The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, 1985.

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Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (Great Britain), ed. Abnormal postural reflex activity caused by brain lesions. 3rd ed. London: W. Heinemann Medical Books, 1985.

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Marianne, Lipanovich, and Ortho Books, eds. Protecting your garden from animal damage. San Ramon, CA: Ortho Books, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Damage caused to an animal"

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Nettleton, Michael A. "Damage caused by detonations." In Gaseous Detonations, 173–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3149-7_7.

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Rusoke-Dierich, Olaf. "Damage Caused by External Factors." In Diving Medicine, 319–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73836-9_28.

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Saatcioglu, Murat. "Structural Damage Caused by Earthquakes." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 947–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_346.

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Hong, Zhen. "Brain Damage Caused by Status Epilepticus." In Refractory Status Epilepticus, 61–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5125-8_3.

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Hill, Dennis S. "Damage Caused by Insecta and Acarina." In The Economic Importance of Insects, 65–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5348-5_4.

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Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko, Yuichi Kinoshita, Akiko Takenouchi, and Airo Tsubura. "Skin Damage Caused by Chemical Application." In Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds, 291–96. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56526-0_25.

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Mehler, Steve J. "Damage Control Surgery." In Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine, 1219–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119028994.ch189.

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Wollina, Uwe. "Disorders Caused by Physical and Chemical Damage." In Braun-Falco’s Dermatology, 598–616. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29316-3_42.

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Wetterstein, Peter. "Remedying of Environmental Damage Caused by Shipping." In The Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs 2009 & 2010, 177–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27419-0_8.

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Wollina, Uwe. "Disorders Caused by Physical and Chemical Damage." In Braun-Falco´s Dermatology, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58713-3_45-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Damage caused to an animal"

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Myers, Kristin M., and Thao D. Nguyen. "The Bulge Inflation Response of Bovine Sclera." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204250.

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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States and in the world [1]. It is caused by damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGC), a type of neuron that transmits visual information to the brain. Despite therapeutic efforts to reduce the rate of vision loss in glaucoma patients, the rate of blindness remains high [2]. There is evidence that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) plays an important role in the damage to RGCs [3–5], but the relationship between the mechanical properties of the connective tissue and how it affects the cellular function is not understood. The load-bearing eye wall consists of the cornea and the sclera. Both tissues are collagen rich structures with preferentially aligned collagen lamellae dictating its mechanical response. Previous studies have shown that the viscoelastic material response of the eye wall differs between normal and glaucoma animal tissues [6]. However, these previous studies relied on strip testing of tissue samples.
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Loerakker, Sandra, Emmy Manders, Gustav J. Strijkers, Frank P. T. Baaijens, Dan L. Bader, Klaas Nicolay, and Cees W. J. Oomens. "Effect of Ischemia and Reperfusion on Skeletal Muscle Damage." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19341.

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Sustained mechanical loading of soft tissues covering bony prominences, as experienced by bedridden and wheelchair-bound individuals, may cause skeletal muscle damage. This can result in a condition termed pressure-related deep tissue injury (DTI), a severe kind of pressure ulcer that initiates in deep tissue layers, and progresses towards the skin. Damage pathways leading to DTI can involve ischemia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, impaired lymphatic drainage, and sustained tissue deformation. Recently, we have provided evidence that in a controlled animal model, deformation is the main trigger for damage within a 2h loading period [1,2]. However, ischemia and reperfusion may play a more important role in the damage process during prolonged loading periods.
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Linder-Ganz, Eran, Nogah Shabshin, and Amit Gefen. "Biomechanical Analysis of a Serious Pressure Ulcer Case in a Real-World Scenario." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205038.

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Deep tissue injury (DTI) is a serious pressure ulcer, characterized by necrotic tissue mass under intact skin. There is evidence that elevated tissue strains/stresses over prolonged times cause DTI, via paths of physical damage to cells, ischemia and impaired diffusion. Skeletal muscle is considered less tolerable to mechanical loads, likely because of higher metabolic demand and denser vascularization. When damaged in compression, muscle tissue stiffens up to ∼3-fold, depending on the magnitude and duration of loading [1]. Cell-death thresholds for loaded muscle, that are a Boltzmann-type downward-step sigmoid function of the magnitude of compression strain/stress and time, were developed based on meta-analysis of animal experiments [2]. These cell-death thresholds allow extrapolation of biological damage trends from computational stress analyses of muscle in load bearing postures.
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Booth, R. F. G., J. F. Martin, S. Moncada, and A. C. Honey. "IS ATHEROSCLEROSIS A DISEASE OF THE OUTSIDE OF ARTERIES?" In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643083.

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The early stages of atherosclerosis are characterised by: (i) Intimal infiltration by macrophages, (ii) Intimal smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and (iii) Accumulation of cholesterol within the vessel wall. Many studies have suggested that these changes occur subsequent to endothelial cell (EC) damage and platelet deposition. We now describe a new animal model with characteristics of early human atherosclerosis but without observable EC damage or platelet deposition. 12 rabbits were separated into 2 groups; each was fed normal laboratory chow and one group was supplemented with lg/day cholesterol. At day 0, under anaesthesia, a silastic collar (internal volume 0.3ml) was placed around the left carotid artery. The collar was filled with whole blood and sealed without causing Constriction of the vessel. The right carotid arteries were sham operated. The vessels were replaced and the animals allowed to recover. After 14 days both carotids were perfuse-fixed in situ. The left carotid arteries were separated into:(A)A mid-region from within the collar,(B)A region proximal to the collar and (C)A distal region. These regions were subdivided for histology and scanning E.M. Medial/Intimal ratios of transverse sections of each region were analysed by computerised image analysis and shown below.Histology demonstrated an intense proliferation within 14 days which resembled early atherosclerosis. There was intimal monocyte infiltration and SMC proliferation and loss of SMC from the medial layer. Scanning E.M. revealed no observable EC damage or platelet adhesion. The lesion was highly focal and generally restricted to the collar region. Dietary cholesterol did not enhance proliferation but did cause foam cell formation. Sham operated vessels showed no significant atherosclerotic changes. Thus, early atherosclerotic lesions may be the result of damage to the outer layers of blood vessels.
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Rai, Durg V., and Harcharan Singh Ranu. "Ovariectomy and its Antioxidative Effect on Bone." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40581.

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Ovarian hormone deficiency increases the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Cells have a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from the toxicity of ROS. There is increasing evidence of the role of free radicals in bone resorption and bone loss. Ovariectomised female wistar rats had been used as the animal model for the study of osteoporosis. Even though, there are studies portraying the role of free radicals in bone loss, the defense mechanism adapted by bone in ovariectomised animals remains obscure. So, the impact of ovariectomy on the bone antioxidant system in rats was investigated. Twenty female wistar rats were taken and divided into two groups: ovariectomised and control. It had been found that a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the activity of various enzymes like CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) (p<0.001), GST (glutathione-s-transferase). However, an increase in the malondialdehyde levels was found to be 30% in the ovariectomised rats as compared to the controls. Thus the study elucidates the oxidative stress in bone under ovariectomy.
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Pan, Yi, Assimina A. Pelegri, and David I. Shreiber. "Emulating the Interfacial Kinematics of CNS White Matter With Finite Element Techniques." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53579.

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Axonal injury represents a critical target for TBI and SCI prevention and treatment. Mechanical strain has been identified as the proximal cause of axonal injury, while secondary ischaemic and excitotoxic insults associated with the primary trauma potentially exacerbate the structural and functional damage. Many studies have been attempted to identify the states of stress and strain in white matter using animal and finite element models. These material models employed in finite element simulations of the central nervous system (CNS) of soft tissues heavily depend on phenomenological representations. The accuracy of these simulations depends not only on correct determination of the material properties but also on precise depiction of the tissues’ microstructure.
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Maikos, Jason, Ragi Elias, Zhen Qian, Dimitris Metaxas, and David Shreiber. "In Vivo Tissue-Level Thresholds for Spinal Cord Injury." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176670.

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Traumatic loading conditions, such as those experienced during car accidents or falls, can lead to spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in permanent functional damage [1]. A better understanding of the biomechanical causes of SCI and knowledge of the tolerance of spinal cord tissue to mechanical loading is critical in understanding how mechanisms of injury lead to neurologic deficits, as well as designing methods to prevent SCI. Finite element analysis (FEA) has become an important and cost effective tool to investigate the biomechanics of trauma. FEA has been used to study a variety of biomechanical analyses of trauma, including brain injury and spine injury biomechanics, but there have been limited analyses on spinal cord injury (SCI) [2–5]. In fact, despite the prevalence of small animal models in the neuroscience community used to study SCI, there have been no published analyses of in vivo models of SCI.
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Prosdocimi, M., M. Finesso, and A. Zatta. "A DOG MODEL OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS: POSSIBLE PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF VASCULAR OCCLUSION IN A STENOTIZED FEMORAL ARTERY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643185.

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It has been described by several authors that a critical stenosis of a dog coronary artery causes cyclical blood flow variations (CBFV), which are caused by platelet plugging of the vessel. Little information is available on the mechanism of thrombus formation in a stenotized peripheral artery and on the pharmacological control of this phenomenon. Male beagle dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, artificially ventilated and prepared for the recording of arterial pressure, heart rate and femoral blood flow. A cylinder of Lexan with internal diameter of 1.6-1.8 mm and a length of 2.0 mm was placed on the femoral artery near the flow probe. This procedure induced CBFV in about 15% of the experiments. If the arterial vessel was previously squeezed with a forcep at the site of stenosis, CBFV were present in 100% of the experiments. Femoral flow at its peak averaged about 30% of control flow and was characterized by a gradual decrease followed by spontaneous abrupt restorations. CBFV were rather constant for at least two hours in dogs without pharmacological treatment thus allowing, by measuring the changes in frequency and severity of CBFV, the evaluation of a drug action on thrombus formation after its intravenous administration. Heparin (50 I.U.Ag) was ineffective while ASA (20 mgAg) reduced or prevented CBFV in about 50% of the experiments. CBEV were always completely prevented by an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase (UK 38485, 0.5 mgAg) r by chloropromazine (0.5 mgAg) and by a serotonin antagonist (ke-tanserin, 0.5 mgAg). On the other hand, dipyridamole (1.0 mgAg) and an alpha 1 antagonist (prazosin, 0.1 mgAg) were not effective. These results are quite similar to those previously reported in the coronary model of CBFV. They suggest some similarity between the process of thrombotic occlusion in different arterial districts and emphasize the importance of thronboxane and serotonin in this particular model of vascular occlusion. Moreover, the striking increase in the percentage of animal showing CBFV after vessel damage is in keeping with the view that vessel wall properties are essential modulators in the process of arterial thrombosis.
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Myers, Kristin M., and Thao D. Nguyen. "Modeling the Inflation Response of C57BL/6 Mouse Sclera." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53181.

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Small rodent models have become increasingly useful to investigate how the mechanical properties of soft tissues may influence disease development. These animal models allow access to aged, diseased, or genetically-altered tissue samples, and through comparisons with wild-type or normal tissue it can be explored how each of these variables influence tissue function. The challenges to deriving meaningful material parameters for these small tissue samples include designing physiologically-relevant mechanical testing protocols and interpreting the experimental load-displacement data in an appropriate constitutive framework to quantify material parameters. This study was motivated by determining the possible role of scleral material properties in the development of glaucomatous damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States and in the world with an estimate of 60 million people affected by this year [1]. Through exploring mouse models, the overall goal of our work is to determine the role of scleral material properties and scleral tissue microstructure in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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McGoron, Anthony J., and Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez. "Development of a Multiple Indicator Dilution Technique Using Fluorescent Dyes to Measure Cardiac Capillary Permeability." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192955.

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Anthracyclines are widely-used drugs for the treatment of cancer. Although these drugs are effective in reducing or containing tumor progress, their long-term use is limited by toxicity effects. A special area of concern is related to the toxic effects that these drugs have on the myocardial tissue, including interstitial edema, fibrosis, degeneration of myocardial cells, and cardiac dilatation, among others. The end result is an overall impairment in cardiac function that limits the use of these agents [1,2]. This damage in heart function can be life-threatening, and it causes special concern in patients with prior cardiac dysfunction, as well as in children [2]. As a result of these disadvantages, there is a trend in current research to develop anthracycline derivatives or modified formulations with reduced cardiotoxic effects, as well as to learn more of the mechanisms that mediate this cardiac toxicity. Our long-term goal is to measure changes in capillary endothelium permeability in the heart after administration of anthracyclines which may contribute to the overall deterioration in function observed after chronic treatment with this medication. The goal of this project was to develop a sensitive, non-radioactive technique to measure capillary permeability in experimental animal models. This technique could then be applied in future studies of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
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Reports on the topic "Damage caused to an animal"

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Mengak, Michael T. Wildlife Translocation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7210105.ws.

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Many people enjoy wildlife. Nationwide, Americans spend over $144 billion annually on fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. However, wildlife is not always welcome in or near homes, buildings, or other property and can cause significant damage or health and safety issues. Many people who experience a wildlife conflict prefer to resolve the issue without harming the offending animal. Of the many options available (i.e., habitat modification, exclusion, repellents) for addressing nuisance wildlife problems, translocation—capturing and moving—of the offending animal is often perceived to be effective. However, trapping and translocating wild animals is rarely legal nor is it considered a viable solution by wildlife professionals for resolving most nuisance wildlife problems. Reasons to avoid translocating nuisance wildlife include legal restrictions, disease concerns, liability issues associated with injuries or damage caused by a translocated animal, stress to the animal, homing behavior, and risk of death to the animal. Translocation is appropriate in some situations such as re-establishing endangered species, enhancing genetic diversity, and stocking species in formerly occupied habitats. The main focus of this publication, however, is to address nuisance wildlife issues that may be commonly encountered by homeowners and nuisance wildlife control professionals.
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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Mark A. Klng. Wildlife Carcass Disposal. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7207733.ws.

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Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.
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Black, Hugh C. Animal damage management handbook. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-332.

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Gluck, Martin R. Reversal of Mitochondrial Damage Caused by Environmental Neurotoxins. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418651.

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Cohen, Gerald. Reversal of Mitochondrial Damage Caused by Environmental Neurotoxins. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374293.

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Cohen, Gerald. Reversal of Mitochondrial Damage Caused by Environmental Neurotoxins. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391442.

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Homan, H. Jeffrey, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Thiele, and George M. Linz. European Starlings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207737.ws.

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European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Figure 1)are an invasive species in the United States. The first recorded release of the birds was in 1890 in New York City’s Central Park. Because starlings easily adapt to a variety of habitats, nest sites and food sources, the birds spread quickly across the country. Today, there are about 150 million starlings in North America. Conflicts between people and starlings occur mostly in agricultural settings. Starlings damage apples, blueberries, cherries, figs, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. Starlings gather at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) during late fall and winter. Starlings also cause human health problem, airplane hazards, and nuisance problems. European starlings are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).
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Deininger, Prescott L. Genetic Damage Caused by ALU Repeats in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398210.

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Deininger, Prescott L. Genetic Damage Caused by ALU Repeats in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390534.

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Deininger, Prescott. Genetic Damage Caused by ALU Repeats in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392219.

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