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1
Reidy, Liermann Catherine. "Ecohydrologic impacts of dams : A global assessment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1394.
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DE, CICCO MARCO. "Effects of a small headwater dam on macroinvertebrate communities and environmental variables in a Mediterranean stream." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/449.
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Macroinvertebrate communities were investigated over 1-yr period at three reference sites and at six impacted sites located upstream and downstream of a small dam located in the Simbrivio Stream (Tiber basin, Central Italy).
Data on physicochemical, hydro-morphological and trophic variables were collected to assess possible dam effects on taxonomic composition, density, diversity and trophic structure of macroinvertebrate communities.
Major changes in environmental variables occurred within the first three sites below the dam (distance<1km): alteration of flow regime (characterized by a constant, residual flow and, in rainy period, by short-term fluctuations), increase of epilithic biomass and, during spring period, decrease of the coarse and fine particulate organic matter associated with benthic samples.
Water temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations (ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus) were not affected by river regulation.
The effect of the Simbrivio Dam on assemblages of macroinvertebrate communities was noticeable in the spring sampling, where the qualitative composition of benthic fauna below the dam differed from that above it. In this period, the dam produced an alteration of the taxonomic composition and a reduction of taxa richness of downstream sites, particularly in relation to stoneflies, caddisflies and mayflies (EPT taxa). Many taxa of stream insects disappeared at short or long-distance from the dam. Nevertheless, a few of these taxa (as Epeorus assimilis, Isoperla saccai, Rhithrogena gr. hybrida) were collected below the dam in the autumn sampling. Thus, the prevailing conditions of constant flow might favour the presence of these taxa but the sudden rises in river flow due to short-term fluctuations (in winter and spring) had a harmful interference on life cycles of some specific taxa. In this period, macroinvertebrate communities of boulders were the most affected by river regulation. On the contrary, in autumn, the results showed an increase of total and EPT taxa of downstream communities.
The effect of the Simbrivio Dam on trophic structure of macroinvertebrate communities was evident on scrapers and collector filterers in spring period, and on shredders in autumn period. The analysis of environmental variables patterns along the watercourse suggested that the principal factors affecting the macroinvertebrate communities at downstream sites were alteration of hydrological conditions, epilithic development and heterogeneity and stability of substrata.
In the present study, total densities and diversity indices are probably not the most appropriate macroinvertebrate community metrics for assessing the effects of stream regulation caused by a small dam. Taxonomic composition gives a better interpretation of the alteration of the biota.
Finally, Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae seem to be the most affected taxa to river regulation
3
Li, Guanjun [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Boland, and Nicole van [Gutachter] Dam. "Gene regulation in plant herbivory defense : deffect of insect mechanical wounding and chemical oral secretion factors / Guanjun Li ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Boland, Nicole van Dam." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177597373/34.
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Wolfbrandt, Jeanette. "Beteende hos lekvandrande lax i Klarälven – utvärdering av en fiskfälla." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34571.
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During the migration season in 2013 a study on spawning migrating salmon and the effect of water flow on the behavior was conducted of the salmon at the Forshaga hydropower station in the River Klarälven. The River Klarälven with its nine hydropower plants on the Swedish side, constituting migration obstacles for the migrating salmon. Fortum Generation AB has together with the County Administrative Board restored a salmon trap at the lowermost hydropower station in Forshaga, aiming at making it possible for the salmon to swim into the trap, and thereafter be transported by truck past the power plants and then continue their journey to the spawning grounds on their own. Unfortunately, it is believed that the trap does not work as well as it should. In this study, I focused on salmon position in relation to water flow and if the number of salmon that swam into the fish trap differed between salmon with previous experience of the trap (experienced) and salmon without experience (unexperienced). My results showed that there were significantly more inexperienced salmon that entered the trap than experienced salmon. The salmon, regardless of experience, chose a position where the flow was highest. To increase catches of salmon in the fish trap I suggest that one use more attraction water and keep the trap open more hours. My results should be of interest to managers as the trap efficiency has never been evaluated, and no earlier studies about the effect of salmon experience on trap efficiency exist.Vandringssäsongen 2013 genomfördes en studie på lekvandrande lax och hur vattenflödet påverkade laxens beteende vid Forshaga kraftstation i Klarälven. Klarälven med dess 9 vattenkraftverk på den svenska sidan utgör vandringshinder för den lekvandrande laxen. Fortum har tillsammans med Länsstyrelsen renoverat en laxfälla i det mest nedströms liggande kraftverket i Forshaga. Syftet med fällan är att laxen ska simma in i fällan till en uppsamlingsbassäng och därefter köras med lastbil förbi kraftverken, för att därefter fortsätta vandringen på egen hand. Fiskfällans effektivitet är ifrågasatt och man vet inte hur effektiv den är. I denna studie fokuserade jag på laxens ståndplats i relation till varifrån det huvudsakliga flödet kom, samt om antalet laxar som simmar in i fiskfällan skiljde sig mellan lax med tidigare erfarenhet av fällan (erfaren) och lax utan erfarenhet av fällan (oerfaren). Mina resultat visade att det var signifikant fler oerfarna laxar än erfarna laxar som simmade in i fällan. Laxen, oavsett erfarenhet, valde ståndplats där flödet var som högst. För att öka fångsterna av lax i fiskfällan skulle mer lockvatten och fler timmar då fällan är öppen kunna bidra med mer fångst. Denna studie borde vara av intresse för inblandade aktörer i laxens förvaltning eftersom fällans effektivitet aldrig utvärderats tidigare, och dessutom har man inte studerat om tidigare erfarenhet av en fälla påverkar laxen.
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Rose, Teresa, and n/a. "AN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY INTO THE IMPACTS OF FLOW REGULATION ON AN UPLAND GRAVEL BED RIVERINE ENVIRONMENT: A TRIBUTARY CONFLUENCE IN THE SNOWY RIVER DOWNSTREAM OF JINDABYNE DAM, AUSTRALIA." University of Canberra. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080917.153237.
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Inter-Basin-Water Transfers significantly reduce flow and sediment regimes to the
downstream ecosystem effecting differential channel adjustment at various locations. It
is not known how macroinvertebrates adjust to flow regulation, either spatially or
temporally, because research is lacking into how morphological adjustment affects
benthic habitat. Feedback mechanisms that initiate the adjustment process must first be
identified, then the effect on benthic habitat becomes apparent, thus, providing a link to
macroinvertebrate response.
Since regulation there has been a 95% reduction in flow volume, a complete downward
shift in both the flow duration and flood frequency curves and a 194% increase in flow
constancy compared to the pre- dam period. Furthermore, Jindabyne Dam traps 99.9%
of the total incoming sediment load.
Upstream of the tributary the dominant river response was accommodation adjustment
with subsequent contraction of the river channel. Associated feedback mechanisms
were ?armouring? and vegetation encroachment. Downstream of the tributary response
was more complex, with channel contraction through aggradation and specifically the
formation of a tributary mouth bar and fan, mid channel lobate bar, transverse bar and
in-channel bench. Associated feedback mechanisms were interactions between
vegetation and sediment; channel morphology, flow and sediment distribution; and
sediment distribution, flow and channel morphology. These processes have had site
specific and reach scale impacts on benthic habitat.
Macroinvertebrate response to flow regulation was habitat specific (riffle or edge) and
seemed to correspond to either site, or reach scale morphological adjustment, whereas,
flow constancy seemed to affect edge macroinvertebrates throughout both reaches.
Spatially, macroinvertebrates have not adjusted to the post- dam flow regime and
temporally, macroinvertebrates have not recovered 30 years after the closure of
Jindabyne Dam. How physical processes change habitats and how these impact on a
river?s ecology and at what scale, are important considerations in river management.
6
Casado, Ana. "Human impacts and fluvial metamorphosis : the effects of flow regulation on the hydrology, morphology and water temperature of the Sauce Grande River, Argentina." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20013/document.
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Cette recherche évalue le degré de régulation hydrologique induite par le barrage-réservoir Paso de las Piedras sur la Sauce Grande et quantifie les effets de cette régulation sur la hydrologie, la morphologie et la température de l'eau de la rivière en aval. Le travail de thèse consiste en une évaluation exhaustive et systématique des impacts du barrage-réservoir sur le système fluvial basée sur la compréhension des processus naturels qui se produisent en amont. En plus de fournir des informations sur les impacts hydrologiques, morphologiques et thermiques de la construction du barrage Paso de las Piedras et de l'exploitation de son réservoir, cette étude génère des séries de données climatiques et hydrologiques qui fournissent une base significative sur laquelle fonder des recherches futures. Par ailleurs, cette étude met en place un cadre méthodologique appliqué à l'analyse hydrogéomorphologique des bassins versants non jaugés qui a un grand potentiel d'application dans d'autres bassins de la région similaires ainsi que dans d'autres régions semi-arides du mondeDespite the regional importance of the Sauce Grande River as main source for water supply and the large capacity of the Paso de las Piedras Reservoir, both the hydrology of the river basin and the effects of the impoundment on the river environment remain poorly evaluated. This study provides the very first assessment of the degree of flow regulation induced by the Paso de las Piedras Dam on the middle section of the Sauce Grande River, and quantifies its impacts on the hydrology, morphology and patterns of water temperature of the river downstream from the impoundment. In addition to providing new information on the response of regulated rivers to upstream impoundment and on the effects of impoundment on the Sauce Grande River specifically, this study generates spatial, climatic and hydrologic data and implements a methodological framework to hydrological assessment of ungauged basins
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SALERNO, LUCA. "Ecomorphodynamic carbon pumping of world¿s large tropical rivers." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2975700.
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Piemonte, Ribeiro Renato. "Regulation des Kaliumtransportes durch das Zellvolumen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961440864.
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Čupová, Martina. "Economy Implications of Regulation." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359228.
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This thesis analyzes the implications of regulation on the transformation to a Digital Economy. A gap analysis shows that Czech Republic is significantly lagging behind in terms of connectivity, which is an essential precondition for a transformation to a digital age. The regulator promotes the entry of the new player as a solution for this situation. However, a simulation based on Herfindahl Hirschman Index does not support this view. This outcome is further supported by the results of correlation between market competitiveness and network advancement, which does not suggest any relationship. These findings are in line with empirical evidence from EU markets, which prove that a three-operator market is efficient and delivers attractive competitive services to the customers and society. The root cause of this situation lies in the current telecommunications regulation, which failed to create a sustainable digital ecosystem for the transition to a digital economy. This paper concludes, that regulatory framework needs to be redefined to address new challenges ahead. The regulatory priority should be shifted from service focus to encouraging long-term connectivity investments, differentiation, and competition.
10
Clasen, Ronald. "Regulation von Adiponektin durch das Renin-Angiotensin-System." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/185/index.html.
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Markwick, Rachel Loretta Lane. "Regulation of DAG lipase activity : implications for 'on-demand' endocannabinoid signalling." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulation-of-dag-lipase-activity--implications-for-ondemand-endocannabinoid-signalling(8480a494-ef2d-4b4e-9fcc-891b49ecf8d3).html.
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The diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL α and β) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of 2-AG, the major endocannabinoid (eCB) in the brain. 2-AG acts on CB1 and/or CB2 receptors and DAGL-dependent eCB signalling regulates a large number of responses including axonal growth during development, as well as neurogenesis and retrograde synaptic plasticity in the adult. The enzymes also play a major role in driving pathogenic inflammatory responses via a DAGL/MAGL pathway that generates arachidonic acid as a precursor to prostaglandin synthesis. DAGL antagonists are being developed as novel therapeutics based on their ability to regulate eCB-mediated signalling and/or inflammatory responses, but the mechanisms underlying the regulation of these enzymes is poorly understood. The DAGLs appear to display ‘on-demand’ synthesis, generating increasing amounts of 2-AG in response to cellular messengers. Using a bioinformatics approach, we have postulated that phosphorylation is key mechanism for regulation of DAGL function. We overexpressed each enzyme in U2OS cells that harbour the Tango assay system. We showed the transgenic DAGLs to be expressed at the membrane, and DAGLα to be active using surrogate substrates. We measured an eCB-dependent CB1 response in the Tango assay, with evidence for kinase activation-dependent eCB signalling, but only a portion of this response appeared to be DAGL-dependent. As a result, we are pursuing a genetic strategy to systematically ‘switch off’ endogenous eCB production. We first targeted the DAGLs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, using both wild-type and nickase Cas9. Our next strategy will be to knockout other eCB-producing enzymes in these cells to tease out which enzymes are resulting in the eCB-CB1 activation in the Tango assay. This will also provide us with a ‘parent’ cell line to support future mutagenesis studies to understand which (if any) phospho-sites are important for DAGL regulation.
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Kern, Bernhard Georg. "Das Internet zwischen Regulierung und Selbstregulierung." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16044.
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Das Internet hat nicht nur eine kaum vorhersehbare Revolution in der Kommunikation hervorgerufen, sondern stellt auch vielfältige Herausforderungen an das Recht. Die besondere Problematik ist dabei, dass die handelnden Personen dies praktisch anonym tun können und dass das Internet auf Grund seiner Struktur inhaltsneutral ist. Daraus wurde in der öffentlichen Diskussion abgeleitet, dass das Internet ein rechtsfreier Raum sei, was aber nicht sein dürfe. Darauf reagiert in einigen Fällen der Gesetzgeber, weitaus häufiger wird die Entwicklung aber von der Rechtsprechung vorangetrieben. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die spezifisch auf das Internet bezogenen rechtlichen Entwicklungen des Rechts darzustellen und ihre spezifische Problematik aufzuzeigen. Im Kontrast dazu werden die Mechanismen der Rechtsetzung der Organisationen beschrieben, die für die Entwicklung des Internets verantwortlich sind und deren Verfahren auch Vorbild für staatliche Rechtsetzung sein könnten.The Internet has not only caused a non foreseeable revolution in human communication, it also defies legislation and jurisprudence in many ways. Acting over the internet causes unknown problems as communication on the internet is due to its structure non discriminating regarding the content. Discussion in the public has therefore concluded, that the internet were a anarchic space, a state which could not persist. In many cases this has caused reactions by legislation, although most of the development is carried by jurisprudence. The target of this publication is to show the internet-specific legal developments in Germany and to show their specific problems. In contrast to the state law the mechanisms of standardization by the institutions developing the internet and its standards are described.
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Lalli, Peter Nicholas. "Regulation of T cell Immune Responses by Decay Accelerating Factor." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1189023702.
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Neuwirth, Anke. "Regulation des Zellzyklus durch das Maus- und Ratten-Zytomegalievirus." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15363.
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Das humane Zytomegalievirus, ist ein ubiquitäres Pathogen, welches akute und persistierende Infektionen verursacht. Bei immunsupprimierten Patienten kann das Virus zu schweren Erkrankungen, wie Hepatitis, Pneumonie und bei kongenitaler Infektion außerdem zu Schädigungen des ZNS führen. HCMV blockiert die Zellproliferation durch einen Arrest am G1/S-Übergang des Zellzyklus, andererseits wird aber gleichzeitig die Expression S-Phase spezifischer Gene aktiviert. Teilweise lässt sich dies durch eine Virus vermittelte spezifische Inhibition der zellulären DNA-Repliaktion sowie durch eine massive Deregulation Zyklin-assozzierter Kinasen erklären. Zellkulturexperimente deuten darauf hin, dass die Zellzyklusalterationen wichtige Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Virusreplikation darstellen. Es ist hingegen nicht bekannt, welche Relevanz sie für die Virusvermehrung in vivo und das pathologische Erscheinungsbild im erkrankten Organismus besitzen. Diese Frage kann nur in einem Tiermodell sinnvoll angegangen werden. Aufgrund der Wirtsspezifität der Zytomegalieviren, ist man dabei auf die Verwendung der jeweiligen artspezifischen CMV angewiesen. Murines CMV (MCMV) und Ratten-CMV (RCMV) sind dabei die bislang bestuntersuchtesten Systeme. Das Anliegen dieser Arbeit war es zu prüfen, inwieweit die für HCMV beschriebenen Zellzyklusregulationen in MCMV und RCMV auf Zellkulturbasis konserviert sind. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl RCMV als auch MCMV einen antiproliferativen Effekt auf infizierte Zellen besitzen und ebenso wie HCMV zu einem Zellzyklusarrest führen. Nager-Zytomegalieviren können Zellen auch in der G2-Phase arretieren und in dieser Zellzyklusphase auch effizient replizieren können. Die Infektion mit Nager-CMV führt außerdem auf breiter Basis zur Veränderung Zyklin-assoziierter Kinaseaktivitäten. Allen Zytomegalieviren ist die Hemmung der zellulären DNA-Synthese am G1/S-Übergang durch die Inhibition des replication licensing, dem Beginn der DNA-Synthese gemein. Durch diese vergleichende Studie wird einerseits deutlich, dass wesentliche funktionelle Schritte der Zellzyklusregulation zwischen den Zytomegalieviren konserviert sind, aber andererseits die zu Grunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen zum Teil deutlich variieren.Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an ubiquitous, species-specific beta-herpesvirus that, like other herpesviruses, can establish lifelong latency following primary infection. HCMV infection becomes virulent only in immunocompromised patients such as premature infants, transplant recipients and AIDS patients where the virus causes severe disease like hepatitis, pneumonitis and retinitis. Congenital infection produces birth defects, most commonly hearing loss. To develop rational-based strategies for prevention and treatment of HCMV infection, it is crucial to understand the interactions between the virus and its host cell that support the establishment and progression of the virus replicative cycle. In general, herpesviruses are known to replicate most efficiently in the absence of cellular DNA synthesis. What is more, they have evolved mechanisms to avoid the cell´s DNA replication phase by blocking cell cycle progression outside S phase. HCMV has been shown to specifically inhibit the onset of cellular DNA synthesis resulting in cells arrested with a G1 DNA content. Towards a better understanding of CMV-mediated cell cycle alterations in vivo, we tested murine and rat CMV (MCMV/RCMV), being common animal models for CMV infection, for their influence on the host cell cycle. It was found that both MCMV and RCMV exhibit a strong anti-proliferative capacity on immortalised and primary embryonic fibroblasts after lytic infection. This results from specific cell cycle blocks in G1 and G2 as demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis. The G1 arrest is at least in part caused by a specific inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis and involves both the formation and activation of the cells’ DNA replication machinery. Interestingly, and in contrast to HCMV, the replicative cycle of rodent CMVs started from G2 as efficiently as from G1. Whilst the cell cycle arrest is accompanied by a broad induction of cyclin-cdk2 and cyclin-cdk1 activity, cyclin D1-cdk4/6 activity is selectively suppressed in MCMV and RCMV infected cells. Thus, given that both rodent and human CMVs are anti-proliferative and arrest cell cycle progression we found a surprising divergence of some of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, any question put forward to a rodent CMV model involving cell cycle regulation has to be well defined in order to extrapolate meaningful information for the human system.
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McIlmoil, Stephen A. "Regulation of Adrenal Steroidogenesis by Interleukin-6." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/975.
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Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are steroids produced by the zona fasciculata (ZF) and reticularis (ZR), respectively, of the adrenal cortex. Both steroids are upregulated in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Cortisol is a glucorticoid that is important in the regulation of inflammation and metabolism. DHEA is an adrenal androgen important in fetal growth and puberty but tends to decrease gradually after puberty in both men and women. DHEA has various effects on metabolism and immune function including inhibiting the effects of cortisol on some tissues. During the acute phase of stress, cortisol and DHEA rise due to an increase in ACTH released from the anterior pituitary. In contrast, during chronic stress, cortisol remains elevated but DHEA and ACTH levels decrease. Likewise, stress causes serum levels of IL-6 to increase. IL-6 increases cortisol release from the human and bovine adrenal cortex. IL-6 also decreases DHEA release from zona reticularis of the bovine adrenal gland. In humans the effect of IL-6 on DHEA production is still uncertain. To determine a possible mechanism of IL-6 on the zona fasciculata and reticularis, human H294R cells and bovine adrenal tissue were incubated in serum free medium containing IL-6, at various concentrations and incubation intervals. At the end of the incubation interval, mRNA or protein was extracted from the cells or tissue. Standard PCR, real time PCR, and western blot assays were used to determine the effects of IL-6 on the enzymes involved in cortisol and DHEA synthesis, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and dosage sensitive sex reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 (DAX-1). In human H295R cells and bovine zona fasciculata cells IL-6 caused an increase in SF-1, StAR, P450scc, 17α hydroxylase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (3β HSD2), 21 hydroxylase, and 11β hydroxylase mRNA and protein. IL-6 caused DAX-1 mRNA and protein to decrease. These effects were manifest in a time dependent manner. Dose response treatments incubated for 60 min increased SF-1, StAR, P450scc, 17α hydroxylase, 3β HSD2, 21 hydroxylase, and 11β hydroxylase but there was not significant change between the different treatments of IL-6. The bovine zona reticularis stimulated with IL-6 showed a decrease in SF-1, StAR, P450scc, 17α hydroxylase, and 3β HSD2 with an increase in DAX-1 mRNA and protein. This response was manifest in a time dependent manner for both mRNA and protein, and the effect was dose-dependent for mRNA but not protein levels within the 60 min time period. These data provide a mechanism by which increased stress, physical or emotional, which increases IL-6 serum level, could increase cortisol and decrease DHEA. This would account for decreased immune function, increased blood pressure, and changes in metabolism.
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Rossi, Renata Alvarez. "Conflito e Regulação das Águas no Salitre – Bahia (1997-2013)." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18490.
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Este trabalho tm como objeto de estudo o conflito e regulação das águas e como objetivo e análise das contradições entre interesses públicos e privados pelas águas, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Salitre (BA), envolvendo trabalhadores rurais (sem terra e pequenos proprietários) e o agronegócio, no contexto da regulação das águas instituída pela Lei das Águas (Lei no 9.433/97). Trata-se de discutir a seguinte questão: o que caracteriza os conflitos entre interesses públicos e privados pelas águas na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Salitre (BA) envolvendo trabalhadores rurais (sem terra e pequenos proprietários) e o agronegócio, no contexto do atual modelo de regulação das águas? O trabalho discute a tese de que os conflitos no Salitre envolvem o dano provocado ao interesse público, aqui entendido como o interesse pelas condições de produção e reprodução da vida, e que se constituem por meio da organização e da luta política, com uso da água pelo interesse privado como meio para a produção de mercadorias. Nesse caso, a flexibilização da regulação das águas, marcada por pressupostos e instrumentos típicos do mercado, acirram e não equacionam as causas dos conflitos. Esta discussão se justifica pela necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o atual padrão de regulação das águas no Brasil e por contribuir para o estudo dos conflitos pelas águas. A experiência escolhida se justifica, pois, no Salitre, a concentração de água tem produzido a concentração de terras e a precarização do trabalho, provocando os conflitos. As principais fontes de pesquisa são documentos oficiais sobre a política e gestão das águas e entrevistas semiestruturadas, além da revisão bibliográfica dos trabalhos de autores como Joachim Hirsch, Alketa Peci, Esteban Castro, Henri Acserald, Andrea Zhouri, entre outros que discutem a complexa relação estado, natureza e sociedade, além de autores associados à vertente neoliberal na discussão sobre a operacionalização da regulação no campo ambiental, como Ronald Coase, Elinor Ostrom, Garrett Hardin e Mancur Olson.Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o conflito e regulação das águas e como objetivo a análise das contradições entre interesses públicos e privados pelas águas, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Salitre (BA), envolvendo trabalhadores rurais (sem terra e pequenos proprietários) e o agronegócio, no contexto da regulação das águas instituída pela Lei das Águas (Lei no 9.433/97). Trata-se de discutir a seguinte questão: o que caracteriza os conflitos entre interesses públicos e privados pelas águas na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Salitre (BA) envolvendo trabalhadores rurais (sem terra e pequenos proprietários) e o agronegócio, no contexto do atual modelo de regulação das águas? O trabalho discute a tese de que os conflitos no Salitre envolvem o dano provocado ao interesse público, aqui entendido como o interesse pelas condições de produção e reprodução da vida, e que se constituem por meio da organização e da luta política, com uso da água pelo interesse privado como meio para a produção de mercadorias. Nesse caso, a flexibilização da regulação das águas, marcada por pressupostos e instrumentos típicos do mercado, acirram e não equacionam as causas dos conflitos. Esta discussão se justifica pela necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o atual padrão de regulação das águas no Brasil e por contribuir para o estudo dos conflitos pelas águas. A experiência escolhida se justifica, pois, no Salitre, a concentração de água tem produzido a concentração de terras e a precarização do trabalho, provocando os conflitos. As principais fontes de pesquisa são documentos oficiais sobre a política e gestão das águas e entrevistas semiestruturadas, além da revisão bibliográfica dos trabalhos de autores como Joachim Hirsch, Alketa Peci, Esteban Castro, Henri Acserald, Andrea Zhouri, entre outros que discutem a complexa relação estado, natureza e sociedade, além de autores associados à vertente neoliberal na discussão sobre a operacionalização da regulação no campo ambiental, como Ronald Coase, Elinor Ostrom, Garrett Hardin e Mancur Olson.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the contradictions between the public and the private interests concerning the waters, located in the basin of Salitre River (BA), involving rural workers (landless and smallholder) and agribusiness in the context of water regulation established by the Water Law (Law 9,433 / 97). The object of study is the water’s conflict regulation. The main problem discussed is: what characterizes the conflicts between public and private interests by the waters located in the basin of Salitre River (BA), that involves rural workers (landless and smallholder) and agribusiness, in the context of the current water model regulation? The present study discusses the hypothesis that the conflicts in Salitre involve the clash between the public interest, here understood as the interest in the conditions of production and reproduction of life, that are constituted by the organization and the political struggle, and the private interest, the production of goods. In this case, the flexibility in the regulation of the waters, mainly characterized by assumptions and instruments typical of the market, not only exacerbate but also do not solve the causes of the conflict. This discussion is justified by the need in deepening the knowledge about the current water’s regulation standards in Brazil, and also by contributing to the study in water’s conflicts. The Analysis of the Salitre experience is justified by the fact of associating the mentioned conflict to particular ways of access and oncentration of land and water, and for their precarious work. The main sources used in this research are official documents about politics and water management, and semi-structured interviews, in addition to literature reviews of some studies of authors like Joachim Hirsch, Alketa Peci, Esteban Castro, Acserald Henri, Andrea Zhouri, and others that also discuss the complex relationship between state, nature and society, as well as authors associated to the neo-liberal approach, which discuss the implementation of regulation in the environmental field, like Ronald Coase, Elinor Ostrom, Garrett Hardin and Mancur Olson.
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Brockmeier, Kirsten. "Basale Charakterisierung und Regulation des Elektrolyttransportes über das Uterusepithel des Haushuhns (Gallus gallus domesticus)." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4539/index.html.
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Furter, Rolf. "Das TRP4-Gen von Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Klonierung, Struktur und Regulation /." Zürich, 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7977.
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Hoelzel, Michael. "Regulation von Teilungswahrscheinlichkeit und Zellzyklusdauer durch das Onkoprotein c-Myc." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-23912.
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King, Jonathan William. "Aspects of the regulation of food intake in the dab, Limanda limanda (L.)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aspects-of-the-regulation-of-food-intake-in-the-dab-limanda-limanda-l(9cc4009a-ef09-4e60-8827-0a990e4049ff).html.
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The regulation of food-intake in Limanda limanda was investigated, including (a) the role of the stomach as a limiting factor in fish food intake, (b) the qualities of a diet dab respond to and (c) the dynamics of food intake. Fish fed on squid (4.0 U. g'', 76.2% moisture) ate similar daily rations whether fed three times daily or once per day; when fed every three days they were unable to maintain this intake. Fish fed on pellets (18.8 kJ. g'', 8% moisture) could maintain their average daily food intake for all meal intervals tested. After a satiation meal, food intake broadly increased with deprivation time for at least 96 hours with no clear indication that stomach volume was limiting. However, when the data was re-examined using a return map (where meal m is plotted against meal m-1) there was evidence that feeding was restricted by stomach fullness as the interval between meals exceeded 25 hours. Surprisingly such limitation did not occur at higher feeding frequencies. Three models of food intake were used to simulate food-intake data, in which the role of the stomach as a constraining factor was varied: 1) Food intake was assumed always to be completely limited by stomach volume. 2) Food-intake was assumed always to be driven by a systemic need 3) Food intake was assumed to be chiefly limited by a systemic need, but when this was high, stomach volume would constrain intake. Comparisons of experimental results with these models suggest that when fish are fed frequently, or on a high-energy diet, the stomach volume is probably not limiting, whereas for a low-energy diet, fed infrequently, stomach volume was limiting when systemic need was high. Dab adapted their food intake to diets of different water content (and therefore energy density). They also adapted the distensibility of their stomachs in response to the increased volume eaten; fish fed on pellets having less distensible stomachs than those fed on squid. Thus it is unlikely that stomach volume can limit food intake in the long term, unless food quality and/or meal timing is variable and the fish cannot adapt their stomachs to the diet/feeding frequency. Methodological trials proved that that observed stomach VI volume is a function of the measurement technique, as well as the diet history of the fish, and experiments examining stomach volume should take this into consideration. The question of what aspect of a diet L. limanda adapt to was examined by testing different models using path analysis, a method of inferential modelling of causal relationships, in an attempt to explain how food-intake is regulated. Dab were found to be adapting to both the energy content of the diet and to the individual nutrients. The dynamics driving food intake in groups of dab were investigated using non-linear time series analyses. These proved to be low-dimensional, significantly non-linear, deterministic systems. The data also suggests that such systems are either capable of occasional chaotic behaviour, or are on the edge of chaos i. e. complex dynamical systems. Thus food intake is under the direct control of few (two or three) variables, through which the many known factors that influence food intake must act. Comparisons were made with individuals and groups of Oncorhynchus mykiss, with a brief look at Merlangius merlangus and Dicentrarchus labrax. These results were similar to the dab, and so this dynamical behaviour may be a feature of teleost fish in general. Importantly the fact that individual trout had similar feeding behaviour to groups indicate that the findings were not a function of hierarchical dynamics. The significance of this finding should be that appetite control with these properties allows rapid adjustment of fish according to changes in diet quality.
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Sanford, John Perkins. "DAM REGULATIONS EFFECTS ON SAND BAR MIGRATION ON THE MISSOURI RIVER: SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09062007-094840/.
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Ulitzsch, Annemarie [Verfasser]. "Regulation der Protein-Homöostase durch das Co-Chaperon Tpr2 / Annemarie Ulitzsch." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1159955115/34.
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Bertoli, Giuseppe Colonnello. "The environmental impact of flow regulation in a tropical delta : the case of the Manamo distributary in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8947.
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The regulation of the Manama river, one of the major Orinoco distributary channels, has instigated changes in the hydrological and sedimentological regimes of its channel and surrounding wetlands, covering one-third of the Delta area. The dam has altered the hydrodynamics of the Manama. While the average flow of its channel was reduced from 10% to 0.5% (200 m3/s), of the annual discharge of the Orinoco River. The adjacent Macareo distributary, which is not regulated, discharges 11% (4,000 m3/s) annually. During the seasonal high-water period, the water level in the Macareo rises approximately 7 m, while in the Manama is restricted to an periodic oscillation of 0.7 to 1.2 m due mainly to the tidal influence. This flow reduction not only affects the accretion and erosive processes of the banks, due to the decrease of transport of sediments, but also the composition, distribution and diversity of aquatic plants in the region, particularly along the river shores where the species diversity tend to be lower in the regulated river than in the unregulated. The change in the hydrologic dynamic has promoted broad floating meadows to develop in the upper reaches of the Manama river creating patches of rafting meadows. The cessation of the annual flooding has allowed an extensive intrusion of saline water from the sea, which only occur during the dry season. This has enabled halophytic species, particularly mangrove communities to expand their distribution upriver and has also forced the migration of part of the Delta inhabitants Creole and Indians, resulting in a modification of the distribution of the forest and marsh ecological communities due to the overexploitation of their subsistence resources. The particular characteristics of the region that have remained mostly undisturbed since the dam construction several decades ago, permit a comparison of 30 years period of the long-term physical and biological characteristics of a regulated (Manamo) and unaltered (Maca reo) distributary. This thesis investigates these changes and propose a model of the river regulation effects on the ecosystem properties and an equilibrium model of the disturbance and the gain of a new steady state of the ecosystems compartments.
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Pelegrini, Marcelo Aparecido. "A regulação das cooperativas de eletrificação rural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-14082009-183056/.
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As cooperativas de eletrificação rural são agentes que sempre estiveram à margem do setor elétrico e que agora devem se regularizar, adaptando-se aos condicionantes do serviço público de energia elétrica decorrentes da Lei de Concessões de 1995. Este trabalho faz a avaliação do aparato de regulação das atividades das cooperativas de eletrificação rural brasileiras e da política pública de regularização aplicada em São Paulo. O foco da avaliação é o cidadão rural, o cidadão que consome energia elétrica, e o cidadão que está ainda excluído do acesso ao serviço de eletricidade. A interpretação do problema e o estudo do processo de regularização levaram à constatação da existência de uma situação de impasse. Demonstra-se a tese de que a atitude do órgão regulador perante a tarefa que a lei lhe impõe cria um paradoxo em que as cooperativas são deixadas fora do alcance da regulação, com prejuízo maior para o cidadão que mora em sua área de atuação. Em particular, no momento em que todo brasileiro acaba de ganhar a garantia do seu direito de acesso à eletricidade, o cidadão que mora na área das cooperativas não tem a proteção do Estado para fazer valer esse seu direito. O trabalho oferece uma proposta acadêmica de alternativa de saída para esse impasse institucional, baseada na busca do equilíbrio entre os agentes.The rural electric cooperatives are agents who have always been on the edge of the electric sector. Now, they must be regularized to the new rules of the electric energy public service established by the 1995 Concessions Law. This work provides an evaluation of the Brazilian rural electric cooperatives regulation apparatus and the regularization public policy applied in São Paulo. The evaluation focus is the rural citizen, the electric energy consumer and the citizens who have been excluded from this public service. The interpretation of the problem and the study of the regularization process has led to the evidence that the situation reached an impasse. The thesis is that the attitude of regulatory agencies create a paradox where the cooperatives are not covered by the regulation policies with damage to citizens in these areas. Particularly, given that the Brazilian citizens have won the right of electricity access, the citizen who lives in the cooperative area have no protection by State to do this right effective. This work offers an academic proposal to break this institutional impasse, based on the search of the agents equilibrium.
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Švec, Marek. "Zmrtvýchvstání tzv. Tobinovy daně. Jaké jsou její zamýšlené nezamýšlené a nezamýšlené nezamýšlené důsledky?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-164029.
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In recent times some economists and politicians in the context of financial crisis dusted off again the idea of introducing the so-called Tobin tax, or financial transaction tax (FTT), respectively. This thesis briefly reviews the existing literature on FTT. Two case studies of Sweden and Great Britain show in some respects two different experiences with FTT. The theses analyzes in detail the economic implications of the European Commission proposed FTT from the perspective of economic theory and economic policy. Partial conclusions of the thesis reveal some drawbacks and pitfalls of FTT. While the benefits of FTT remain rather controversial. The theses therefore concludes that FTT is not due to the severity of its impacts appropriate economic measure.
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Toniolo, João Fabio Mariotto. "Uma análise das normas brasileiras de habitabilidade e segurança para os alojamentos das embarcações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-02072014-153029/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou verificar se as normas vigentes no Brasil para os alojamentos dos tripulantes de navios mercantes são efetivas em propiciar boas condições de habitabilidade e segurança. O processo utilizado para esta verificação foi o de comparar tais normas com recomendações e determinações de diversas fontes. A opção por este objeto de pesquisa se justifica uma vez que atualmente, após mais de duas décadas de decadência da indústria naval e da frota mercante brasileiras, há um grande número de navios em construção. Além disso, a vida útil dos navios é de aproximadamente trinta anos, o que significa que a inadequação das normas segundo as quais são construídos implicaria em consequências de longo prazo e difíceis de serem revertidas, em função da complexidade dos navios. Por outro lado, a Organização Marítima Internacional e outras fontes citam o projeto dos alojamentos como um dos fatores que podem influenciar no aumento do número de casos e na intensidade da fadiga entre os tripulantes, com reflexos na incidência de erros humanos e, consequentemente, de acidentes marítimos. Um indicador da existência de deficiências na configuração dos espaços de alojamento é o número de acidentes pessoais neles ocorridos, relativamente alto quando comparado com o das áreas de trabalho e operação da embarcação, onde o risco de acidentes é consideravelmente maior. A confrontação das normas vigentes no Brasil com recomendações e determinações das diversas fontes consultadas evidenciou que estas admitem condições mais desfavoráveis do que as aceitas para embarcações destinadas a fins especiais e em navios de algumas marinhas de guerra. Ademais, sua análise revelou que não especificam os níveis considerados apropriados ao conforto térmico, acústico, iluminação e vibrações, o que indica que estão desatualizadas e aponta para a necessidade de sua revisão com base em estudos atuais.This Master\'s dissertation presents the results of research which seeks to establish whether the prevailing standards for crew accommodation in merchant shipping in Brazil is effective in providing good conditions of habitability and safety. The verification process used was to compare such standards with recommendations and requirements from several different sources. The justification for this choice of research is that following more than two decades of decline in the shipbuilding sector and the Brazilian merchant navy, there are now a large number of ships once more under construction in indigenous shipyards. Since ships have a useful life of approximately thirty years, this means failure to adhere to construction standards would imply long term consequences, difficult to revert in the light of the complexity of vessels. Conversely, the International Maritime Organization as well as other sources, cites the onboard accommodation project as one of the factors that can impact the number of cases of fatigue and its intensity among crew members. This in turn is reflected in the level of human error and consequently, maritime accidents. One indicator of deficiencies in accommodation configuration is the number of personal accidents that occur in them, relatively high compared with onboard working and operational areas where risk of accidents is considerably greater. The comparison of the prevailing standards in Brazil with recommendations and requirements of several sources which have been consulted, revealed that these tolerate conditions which are less favorable than those acceptable in special purpose vessels and in the ships of some navies. Additionally, comparison showed that standards prevailing in Brazil fail to specify the levels deemed appropriate for thermal and acoustic comfort, lighting and vibration. The indication is that such are out-of-date - pointing to a need for review based on current studies.
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Kluckner, Viktoria J. "Emotionen : Erleben und Regulation durch das Essverhalten bei Anorexia & Bulimia nervosa /." Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783836467346.
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Kluckner, Viktoria J. "Emotionen Erleben und Regulation durch das Essverhalten bei Anorexia & Bulimia nervosa." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991593979/04.
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Pförtner, Michael. "Das nordamerikanische Freihandelsabkommen eine realwirtschaftliche Analyse /." Ludwigsburg : Wissenschaft & Praxis, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33668499.html.
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Ferrazzi, Marta. "Unravelling the impact of anthropogenic regulation on river flow regimes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425768.
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In the last century, more than 45,000 large dams have been constructed all around the world to sustain population growth and economic development, so that unregulated rivers are now rare in most regions of the Earth. Damming of rivers has produced global-scale alterations of the hydrologic cycle, inducing severe consequences on the ecological and morphological equilibrium of streams. Nevertheless, the construction of new dams has been also proposed to mitigate the risks related to natural and human induced changes in climate drivers, which threaten the sustainability of anthropogenic water uses. The existing literature has documented that hydrological regimes of regulated reaches are typically characterized by a reduced temporal variability and spatial
heterogeneity of streamflows. However, whether specific types of anthropogenic uses of reservoirs could generate distinctive, contrasting impacts on flow regimes has not been disclosed yet. Additionally, very little is known about the combined contribution of river regulation and hydroclimatic variability to flow regime alterations in engineered rivers. In this thesis, extensive hydrologic data and theoretical analyses are used to investigate hydrological alterations downstream of 47 dams in the Central Eastern US, spanning a wide range of climatic conditions and water uses. Results reveal a strong connection between the anthropogenic use and the hydrological impact of dams. Whereas flood control smooths the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of river flows, water supply is able to increase the relative variability and regional heterogeneity of streamflows. Accordingly, the magnitude of hydrological alteration downstream of flood control dams is reduced when these structures are also operated for water supply, because of the compensation effect generated by overlapping uses. Despite the significant and distinct impacts of dams on the frequency distribution of downstream flows, clustering of catchment based on climatic signatures leads to hydrologically coherent classes in term of both regulated and unregulated river flows, thus revealing that climate signatures are typically visible also downstream of dams. Furthermore, the analysis shows that temporal patterns of regulated flow regimes are controlled by the inter-annual variability of natural discharges upstream of dams, as long as reservoirs obey to time-invariant operating schemes driven by the underlying specific water uses. These findings represent a critical step forward for scientists and water managers. In view of the increasing trend of global freshwater demand and the uncertain impact of climate change on human freshwater exploitation, especially reservoirs will help promoting the anthropogenic exploitation of freshwater. Nevertheless, the current patterns of water consumption could generate a shift in the cumulative effects of dams at global scale, reshaping the trajectories of regulated streamflows and of eco-morphological alterations of dammed rivers. Moreover, reservoirs as they are currently operated are not helpful in enhancing the long-term stability of flow regimes in downstream reaches, unless new self-adapting dynamic regulation strategies are implemented.Nel corso del XX secolo, più di 45000 grandi dighe sono state costruite in tutto il mondo per supportare l’aumento demografico e lo sviluppo economico. In tal modo i corsi d’acqua naturali sono diventati rari nella maggior parte delle regioni del mondo. La costruzione di dighe ha comportato l’alterazione del ciclo idrologico a scala globale, con significative conseguenze sull’equilibrio ecologico e geomorfologico dei fiumi. Tuttavia, la messa in opera di nuove infrastrutture idrauliche è stata anche proposta per mitigare i rischi collegati al cambiamento climatico, il quale rappresenta una seria minaccia per la sostenibilità dello sfruttamento antropico della risorsa idrica. La letteratura esistente ha evidenziato come il regime idrologico in corsi d’acqua regolati sia tipicamente caratterizzato da una ridotta variabilità temporale e eterogeneità spaziale dei deflussi. Ciononostante, ad oggi, non è noto se esista una relazione tra l’utilizzo antropico dei serbatoi e l’impatto che essi generano sui regimi idrologici. Inoltre, non si conosce come la regolazione antropica e le fluttuazioni idroclimatiche interagiscano nel modellare il regime dei deflussi a valle delle dighe. In questo studio, l’analisi delle serie temporali di portata è stata combinata ad analisi modellistiche e teoriche al fine di investigare le alterazioni idrologiche a valle di 47 dighe situate nella parte centro-orientale degli Stati Uniti. Tali strutture abbracciano diverse zone climatiche e diversi utilizzi della risorsa idrica. I risultati rivelano che esiste un’importante connessione tra le funzioni per cui è utilizzato un serbatoio e l’impatto che esso genera sul regime idrologico. La laminazione delle piene determina una riduzione della variabilità temporale e spaziale dei deflussi; al contrario, l’approvvigionamento idrico favorisce l’aumento della variabilità temporale dei regimi idrologici, generando un processo di diversificazione del grado di variabilità delle portate in alveo. A causa dell’effetto distinto e compensatore della laminazione delle piene e dell’approvvigionamento idrico, l’entità delle alterazioni dovute a strutture per la laminazione delle piene si riduce quando tra gli utilizzi è presente anche l’approvvigionamento idrico. Nonostante l’impatto delle dighe sui regimi idrologici sia tutt’altro che trascurabile, la classificazione sulla base di caratteristiche climatiche dei siti oggetto di studio permette di ottenere gruppi idrologicamente omogenei considerando sia i regimi naturali sia a valle dei serbatoi, sottolineando dunque come l’impronta climatica sia visibile anche a valle delle dighe. Inoltre, l’analisi mostra che le dinamiche temporali dei regimi regolati vengono controllate dalla variabilità inter-annuale tipica dei deflussi naturali a monte delle dighe. Questo è dovuto agli schemi statici a cui è soggetta la regolazione antropica, che dipendono unicamente dall’utilizzo del serbatoio. I risultati ottenuti in questa tesi assumono particolare rilievo nell’ambito di una corretta gestione della risorsa idrica. A fronte del costante aumento del fabbisogno mondiale d’acqua e dell’incontrollabile impatto dei cambiamenti climatici sullo sfruttamento della risorsa idrica, le dighe acquisiranno un ruolo strategico. Tuttavia, la crescente domanda d’acqua potrebbe rimodellare l’impatto antropico sui regimi idrologici, favorendo un potenziale cambiamento dell’effetto cumulativo delle dighe a scala globale. Inoltre, l’attuale gestione dei serbatoi sembra essere inadatta al fine di mitigare le fluttuazioni dei regimi idrologici, al cui scopo sarebbe necessario attuare delle strategie di regolazione dinamica.
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Ye, Ana Jin. "Risk-taking by banks, corporate governance and regulation : evidence from EU countries." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16397.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraO objetivo desta dissertação constitui em analisar a relação entre a estrutura acionista dos bancos e o risco tomado. Adicionalmente, é examinado o impacto da regulação bancária nessa mesma tomada de risco. A análise empírica considera uma amostra de bancos dos países da União Europeia, que se encontram atualmente cotados, durante os anos 2011 a 2016. O modelo econométrico usado foi a regressão generalized least squares random effect, uma vez que estamos a considerar um conjunto de dados de painel balanceado. Foi testada a hipótese de que os bancos que apresentam uma estrutura com poucos accionistas têm maior probabilidade em tomar mais risco, comparativamente com os bancos que apresentam uma estrutura accionista mais difusa. Igualmente foi considerada a estrutura do conselho de administração uma variável explicativa do modelo: se um numeroso e independente conselho de administração tem alguma influência na tomada de risco dos bancos. Atendendo à amostra utilizada, verificou-se alguma evidência entre a composição do conselho de administração e a tomada de risco. Por outro lado, relativamente à concentração da estrutura accionista, constatou-se uma evidência reduzida ou mesmo nula no risco. Relativamente ao impacto da intervenção regulatória no risco, não foi igualmente verificada uma significância na relação entre as duas variáveis, isto é, regulação mais rigorosa não influencia o risco que os bancos tomam.
The aim of this dissertation is to study the relationship between banks' ownership structure and its risk-taking behaviour. Additionally, we also examine the impact of the banking regulation in the way that banks take their risk. The empirical analysis considers a sample of listed banks from EU countries, over the period spanning from 2011 to 2016. The econometric model used was a generalized least squares random effect regression, since we are considering a balanced panel dataset. We test the hypothesis that banks with a large shareholder structure have the propensity to take on more risk, when comparing to those who have a more diffuse shareholder structure. We also consider the structure of the board of directors as an explanatory variable in our model: if a bigger board or more independent directors have an influence on the bank risk-taking behaviour. Taking into account the selected sample, we found some evidence that the board of director's structure can influence the bank risk behaviour. On the other hand, to the ownership concentration, little or no evidence was found. Regarding the influence of the regulatory environment in the bank risk, there is no significant relationship between them, i.e. stricter regulation has no effect on how banks take their risk.
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Dudziak, Diana. "Regulation des Zelloberflächenmoleküls CD83 durch das Epstein-Barr Virus und Analyse seiner Funktion." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-7695.
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Böker, Kornelia-Margret. "Differentielle Regulation der postprandialen Jejunummotilität des Menschen durch CCK und das cholinerge Nervensystem." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2004/0222/.
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Coym, Anja [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Baldus. "Regulation der Endothelfunktion durch das leukozytäre Hämprotein Myeloperoxidase / Anja Coym. Betreuer: Stephan Baldus." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1020418311/34.
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Táboříková, Helena. "Regulace, kultura a cenová opatření a jejich vliv na poptávku po alkoholu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165532.
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My thesis is aiming to answer the question what are the impacts of alcohol regulative legislation (especially the excise tax) on demand for it. The theoretical part presents various opinions and conclusions regarding the regulatory measures (apart from others Stigler, 1975) and the impact of alcohol price change on the demand for it (Becker, 1988 and his successors). Further on, individual regulatory measures, their development in time and basic reasoning for introducing of the measures are introduced in the work. In its analytical part, the thesis deals with comparison of states with different alcohol consumption levels and with different regulatory measures in effect; the work thus divides the EU-countries to groups of different traditions and level of control (the Global Alcohol Policy Report by WHO is used as a source of information in this regard). The data available for the selected countries are then subject to research regarding statistical relevance of the excise tax - consumption relation. The paper thus answers a question of alcohol demand elasticity and also the question of the differences in the consumption attributes in various cultural and regulatory conditions. As a source of the relevant information, analytical parts of OECD, WHO and CSU (Czech Statistical Office) databases are used in the paper.
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Phillips, Alicia Jane. "An investigation of long day care services in Australia that are Exceeding the National Quality Standard." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22869.
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The National Quality Framework (NQF) was introduced in 2012 to raise quality and drive continuous improvement in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. Under the NQF, ECEC services are assessed and rated using the National Quality Standard (NQS), through an assessment and rating process. This study investigated the characteristics of long day care (LDC) services rated as high-quality, and the extent to which these characteristics are assessed in the assessment and rating process. The study adopted a qualitative, multiple case study design to examine and compare five LDC services rated as Exceeding the NQS and explore educators’ perceptions of the NQS assessment and rating process. Triangulation of data collection methods (observations, educator interviews and document analysis) elicited rich meanings of ‘high-quality ECEC’ in LDC centres. Foucauldian ideas of discourse, power/knowledge and regimes of truth, and a theorising of quality as subjective, informed data analysis. The quality characteristics identified in this study were consistent across the five LDC services. However, the routes to achieving quality were markedly different and dependent on each service’s context. Findings also showed variation in each service’s provision of quality ECEC to elements in the NQS. Applying Foucault’s work on discourse to these findings, it is suggested that quality in ECEC is in part being produced and disseminated through policy discourses and policy texts such as the NQF and NQS. The educators in this study had mixed perceptions about the assessment and rating process. Findings suggest the need for an improved system to better measure quality ECEC. However, enhancing service quality requires a greater focus on additional policy levers such as improving work conditions, minimising staff turnover and increasing professional recognition through equitable wages.
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Lobera, Galán Gemma. "Eco-geomorphological dynamics in contrasting Mediterranean rivers with different degrees of flow regulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401455.
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Aquesta tesi analitza l’efecte de les preses sobre el règim de cabals, el transport de sediments, la mobilitat de la llera, i la comunitat de macroinvertebrats en rius Mediterranis de la Península Ibèrica a diferents escales espacio-temporals. A gran escala espacio-temporal, els resultats mostren que la regulació modifica el règim de cabals reduint la magnitud i la freqüència de les crescudes. Aquest fet, juntament amb la disminució de l’aportació de sediments des d’aigües amunt, produeix una pèrdua de barres sedimentaries que són ocupades per la vegetació causant una ràpida estabilització la llera, limitant el dinamisme del riu i pot contribuir a la degradació de l’ecosistema fluvial. A petita escala (els rius Ésera i Siurana) es comprova que els embassaments retenen fins el 90% de la càrrega de sediment en suspensió, però l’aportació hídrica només es redueix en el cas de l’Ésera. En els trams d’aigües amunt, les partícules de la llera són mobilitzades de forma freqüent i s’observen canvis morfològics després de cada crescuda, mentre que els trams d'aigües avall es mantenen estables. En el cas del Siurana aquests canvis causen diferències notables en la composició taxonòmica dels macroinvertebrats, encara que la riquesa d’espècies es manté intacte. La densitat i la biomassa augmenten aigües avall però la biodiversitat disminueix. La tesi descriu i quantifica canvis en l’estructura bio-física i el funcionament de l’ecosistema fluvial en rius Mediterranis regulats i proporciona informació inèdita fins ara en el camp de la Eco-Geomorfologia.Esta tesis analiza el efecto de las presas sobre el régimen de caudales, el transporte de sedimentos, la morfología y la movilidad del cauce, y la comunidad de macroinvertebrados en ríos Mediterráneos de la Península Ibérica a diferentes escalas espacio-temporales. A gran escala espacio-temporal, los resultados muestran una reducción generalizada de la magnitud y la frecuencia de las crecidas que, juntamente con la reducción del suministro de sedimentos, produce una pérdida de barras que son ocupadas por la vegetación, hecho que estabiliza el cauce fluvial, limitando el dinamismo del lecho del río y puede contribuir a la degradación del ecosistema fluvial. En pequeña escala (los ríos Ésera y Siurana) se comprueba que los embalses retienen hasta el 90% de la carga de sedimentos en suspensión, aunque la aportación hídrica solo se reduce en Ésera. En los tramos de aguas arriba, las partículas del lecho son movilizadas frecuentemente y se observan cambios morfológicos después de cada crecida, mientras que los tramos de aguas abajo se mantienen estables. En el Siurana, estos cambios provocan diferencias significativas en la composición taxonómica de los macroinvertebrados en el Siurana, aunque la riqueza de especies se mantiene prácticamente intacta. Por otro lado, la densidad y la biomasa aumentan aguas abajo pero la biodiversidad disminuye. La tesis describe y cuantifica cambios en la estructura bio-física y el funcionamiento del ecosistema fluvial en ríos Mediterráneos regulados y proporciona información inédita en el campo de la Eco-Geomorfología.
The effects of dams on river flow regimes, sediment transport, channel morphology, bed mobility and macroinvertebrate communities were studied in Mediterranean rivers of the Iberian Peninsula at multiple temporal and spatial scales. At the large spatio-temporal scales, results show that regulation changes their flow regimes, with a generalized reduction in flood magnitude and frequency. This, in addition to the decrease in downstream sediment supply, results in the loss of active bars as they are encroached by vegetation (channel stabilization). Geomorphic stabilization limits riverchannel dynamics and may contribute to the environmental degradation of the fluvial ecosystem. At the small scale (the Ésera and the Siurana rivers), the reservoirs trap up to 90% of the suspended load, although total runoff is only reduced in the Ésera. In the upstream reaches, riverbed material is frequently entrained and morphological changes were observed following floods, while the downstream reaches were stables. In the Siurana, damming causes significant differences in taxonomic composition of the benthic invertebrate communities, but the species richness remained almost the same. Density and biomass increase notably below the dam although diversity decreases. The thesis describes and quantifies changes on the bio-physical structure and functioning of the fluvial ecosystem in dammed Mediterranean rivers and provides comprehensive insights in the field of the Eco-Geomorphology.
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Tavares, Nuno Filipe Jesus. "Impacto da Diretiva Serviços : evidências no setor das profissões regulamentadas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10502.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasA Diretiva Serviços constitui uma das principais reformas levadas a cabo no âmbito do mercado interno europeu na última década. A sua adoção teve como principal objetivo o reforço dos princípios da liberdade de estabelecimento e da liberdade de circulação de serviços contribuindo para a redução dos níveis de restritividade regulamentar no setor. Utilizando dados do indicador de Product Market Regulation, da OCDE, referentes ao setor das profissões regulamentadas, procedemos a uma avaliação empírica do impacto da Diretiva Serviços nos níveis de restritividade observados. Ainda no contexto das profissões regulamentadas verificamos de que forma é que os níveis de regulamentação do setor influenciam o comportamento dos markups no período de 1998 a 2012. Os resultados obtidos apontam para que a Diretiva Serviços possa ter tido um impacto não negligenciável na redução dos níveis de restritividade do setor das profissões regulamentadas e para a existência de uma relação positiva e estatisticamente significativa, entre o nível de regulamentação e os valores de markup que parecem ter diminuído como consequência da Diretiva.
The Services Directive is one of the major reforms carried out within the European single market in the last decade. This legal framework aimed at the strengthening of the principles of freedom of establishment and freedom of movement of services having contributed to the reduction of regulatory barriers in the sector. Using data from the OECD's Product Market Regulation we conduct an evaluation of the Services Directive impact on the restrictiveness levels of the professional services sector. In the same context we´ve also evaluate how the industry's regulatory levels influenced the behaviour of markups from 1998 to 2012. Our results show the Services Directive may have had a considerable impact in the reduction of regulatory barriers in professional services. Our results also point out to a positive and statistically significant relationship between the level of regulation and markup values which seem to have diminished as a result of the Directive
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Commichau, Fabian Moritz. "Regulation der Glutamatsynthese in Bacillus subtilis durch die Glutamatdehydrogenase RocG und das Aktivatorprotein GltC." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2006/commichau.
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Mühle, Hans-Werner. "Das Zytoskelett der Endothelzelle Bedeutung des Mikrotubulus- und Mikrofilamentsystems für die Regulation der Endothelpermeabilität /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97018719X.
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Wenzel, Carina [Verfasser]. "Androgen-abhängige Regulation Adipogenese-assoziierter Zielgene durch das microRNA-Cluster-130/301 / Carina Wenzel." Halle, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169652921/34.
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Oliveira, Joana do Rosário. "O regime geral das taxas das autarquias locais: estudo comparativo da fundamentação das taxas: o municipio de Mértola." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21007.
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A aprovação do Regime Geral das Taxas das Autarquias Locais, nos moldes em que se apresenta, vem trazer a lume a questão do direito de informação vinculado aos cidadãos no relacionamento com a Administração. De facto, enquanto parte integrante da sociedade, usufruímos de bens e serviços prestados pela Administração pelo que, as taxas são a contrapartida ao beneficio auferido. Até aqui, os Municípios detinham toda a liberdade para a fixação dos valores das taxas relativas aos bens e serviços prestados. A partir deste momento, só são legais as taxas que detenham como base a realização de um estudo de fundamentação económico financeiro que legitime os valores a cobrar. Este ponto marca a viragem na acção da Administração, que se iniciou com os Municípios e que se espera ter continuidade com os restantes organismos do Estado Administração com competência regulamentar. - ABSTRACT: The ratification of the General Regime of Local Authority Taxes in the form in which they have been presented, has brought to light the question of the general public's right to information and their relationship with Administration. ln fact, whilst an integral part of society, we benefit from goods and services offered by the Administration for which taxes are the payment for the service obtained. Hitherto, the Municipalities retained complete freedom in the setting of the values of taxes relating to goods and services offered. From now onwards, the only taxes that are legal are those based on a study with an economical-financial basis that legitimizes the payable values. This is a turning point in the acts of Administration. It began with the Municipalities and it is hoped to be continued with the remaining State Administration organizations with a sphere of influence concerning regulations.
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Oliveira, Cássio Antunes de [UNESP]. "O papel das concessões de rodovias na normatização do território brasileiro e suas relações com a circulação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138935.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as concessões de rodovias no Brasil elucidando suas principais consequências para o processo de circulação, entendida como uma das etapas do processo de produção. Assim, interpretar esse processo relativamente recente no Brasil e que está se expandindo se coloca na agenda de estudos da Geografia Econômica atual. No país, há programas federais e estaduais de concessões de rodovias, porém, não existe padronização entre eles. Ambos os programas apresentam muitas diferenças entre si. Do ponto de vista do espaço geográfico regional as concessões até o ano de 2013 se concentravam nos estados mais dinâmicos economicamente ou em áreas específicas das unidades federativas menos dinâmicas. Neste sentido, as diferenciações regionais, na última etapa do processo de concessões de rodovias federais, trechos foram concedidos em unidades da federação que ainda não tinham concessões. Em 2016 já são treze unidades federativas e o Distrito Federal com rodovias concedidas para a iniciativa privada. Foi dado foco às consequências das concessões considerando o papel do Estado nesse processo, na forma em que interfere na atuação dos agentes econômicos e quem são e qual é o perfil dos principais grupos que atuam no negócio das concessões de rodovias no Brasil. Além disso, também buscou compreender o processo de privatizações e de concessões na escala mundial e a maneira pela qual o Brasil incorporou as políticas neoliberais que mostraram-se desastrosas nas décadas de 1980 e de 1990. Outra dimensão analisada é a organização do território fluido por meio de normatizações mundiais com objetivo de facilitar a atuação corporativa. Conclui-se que, ao longo do processo de concessões de rodovias no Brasil foram firmadas alianças e ocorreu a criação de grupos e conglomerados ligados ao negócio das concessões, tendo o Estado como um dos parceiros e juntamente com estes agentes econômicos de grande envergadura. Cinco conglomerados e dois grupos concentram mais de 14 mil quilômetros de concessões de rodovias dos 19 mil concedidos em 2016 no Brasil.
The aim of the research was to analize the highway concessions in Brazil and your main consequences to the circulation process, known such as one of steps of the production process. Thus, the interpretation of this relatively new process in Brazil whose have been expanded, concerns to the economic geography schedule nowadays. In the country, there are federal and regional programs for highway concession, but there is not a pattern among them. The programs have differences between them. From a point of view of the geographic space, the concessions until 2013 has concentrated in the states with most economic dynamism or other specific less dynamic areas . By the way, in the last stage of the highway concession process, pieces of road was conceded, given in federation unity without concessions. In 2016 there’s thirteen federal units with roads conceded by private businees. In this reasearch was given focus for consequences of concessions considering the role of State and its interference for economic agents work and the profile of main groups that work in the highway concessions business. In addition, we also try to understand the privatization and concession process worlwide and the way that Brazil set the disastrous neoliberal politics in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Other dimension analized was the organization of fluid territory throught worldwide normatizations. Therefore, throughout the process of highway concession in Brazil, the State made alliances among economic groups, forming big groups and conglomerates linked to the concessions business, the State was one of main partner and planner. Just five conglomerates and two groups concentrate more than fourteen thousand kilometers of conceded highway at the total of nineteen thousand conceded in Brazil.
FAPESP: 2012/05845-6
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Gratz, Livia Bastos 1979. "Mensuração do capital regulamentar para risco de mercado através das metologias VaR e Maturity Ladder : minimização das diferenças." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306131.
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Orientador: Antonio Carlos MorettiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Para a existência de um sistema financeiro sólido e estável é essencial que as instituições financeiras gerenciem bem os seus riscos. A partir da publicação dos Acordos de Basileia, as autoridades supervisoras passaram a exigir a alocação de um capital regulamentar proporcional aos riscos incorridos por cada instituição. O capital regulamentar busca garantir a existência de recursos suficientes para a absorção de perdas inesperadas e seu cálculo considera os riscos de crédito, mercado e operacional. Para o gerenciamento do risco de mercado, as instituições utilizam modelos internos baseados em VaR - Value at Risk. Porém, algumas das parcelas do modelo padronizado adotado para o cálculo do capital regulamentar baseiam-se na metodologia Maturity Ladder. O primeiro modelo é mais sensível ao risco e varia conforme a volatilidade dos ativos. O segundo é menos sensível ao risco e baseia-se nos conceitos de Duration. O objetivo desse trabalho é a redefinição dos parâmetros utilizados no método Maturity Ladder de forma a aproximá-lo aos modelos baseados em VaR. Para a minimização das diferenças entre as metodologias foi utilizado um modelo de otimização baseado em Algoritmo Genético. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que os dois métodos não são totalmente comparáveis e a existência de casos extremos independentemente da escolha dos parâmetros
Abstract: For the existence of a solid and stable financial system is essential that the financial institutions manage their risks. Since the publication of the Basel Accords, supervisory authorities started demanding the allocation of a regulatory capital proportional to the risks incurred by each institution. The regulatory capital aims to ensure the existence of sufficient resources to absorb unexpected losses resulting from credit, market and operational risks. Institutions use internal models based on VaR - Value at Risk to manage the market risk. However, for some risk factors, the standardized model adopted for regulatory capital measurement is based on the Maturity Ladder methodology. The first model is risk-sensitive and varies according to asset volatility. The second is less sensitive to risk and is based on the Duration theories. The objective of this work is the redefinition of the parameters used in the Maturity Ladder methodology in order to bring their outcomes closer to the models based on VaR. To minimize the differences among the methodologies were used an optimization model based on Genetic Algorithm. The results suggest that the two methods are not completely comparable and the existence of extreme cases regardless of the parameters choice
Mestrado
Matematica Aplicada
Mestra em Matemática Aplicada
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Duarte, Gustavo França de Seixas. "O acordo de Basiléia e a emissão de dívida subordinada : uma análise das políticas prudenciais sob o enfoque da assimetria informacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14894.
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A atividade bancária é intensamente regulada e supervisionada em grande parte do mundo. Atualmente uma das discussões mais importantes que vem sendo travadas no mundo acadêmico reside nos instrumentos de política prudencial: de um lado, o Acordo de Basiléia, que utiliza o requerimento de capital próprio; de outro, os defensores de emissões de dívidas de diversos graus de subordinação. Além de voltar especial atenção aos 25 Princípios para uma Supervisão Eficaz, recentemente divulgado pelo BIS (“Bank for International Settlements”), o objetivo deste trabalho é tentar elaborar um modelo formal que tente compatibilizar as duas formas de políticas prudenciais.The banking activity is intensely regulated and supervisioned throughout the world. Nowadays, one of the most important discussions that can be found among the prudential policies’ studies concerns the type of prudential instrument that shall be used: Capital requirement as the basis of the Basel Accord, and subordinated debt issues. Our main objective will be to construct a model that can be compatible to both approaches. Besides that, we will pay attention to the Core Principles for an Effective Supervision recently published by the BIS (Bank for International Settlements).
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Hertrich, Anna Carola [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zur Regulation der Interferonexpression durch das murine Interferon-induzierbare Protein IFI203 / Anna Carola Hertrich." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188906526/34.
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Korn, Clio. "Contributions of COMT and DAT to regulation of phasic dopamine release and reward-guided behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8772a01d-665d-454e-9e3c-bf734331a1c2.
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Fine temporal regulation of dopamine transmission is critical to its effects on behaviour. Dopamine can be cleared from the synapse either by recycling via the dopamine transporter (DAT) or by enzymatic degradation involving catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). DAT recycling predominates in striatum and contributes to dopaminergic regulation of reward-guided behaviour, while COMT degradation predominates in cortex and modulates executive functions. However, human functional imaging studies demonstrate interactive effects of DAT and COMT genotype, suggesting that the traditional division between DAT and COMT is not so clear-cut. Given the interdependence of mesolimbic and mesocortical circuitry and the presence of COMT in the striatum, it is possible that DAT and COMT interact to a greater extent than previously thought. We investigated the contributions of DAT and COMT to regulation of dopamine transmission and reward-guided behaviour by combining in vivo electrochemical recording, pharmacology, and behavioural testing in mice. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to record evoked dopamine release in anaesthetised animals, we found that systemic DAT blockade increased the size of dopamine transients in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but not in the medial frontal cortex (MFC), demonstrating that DAT regulates phasic striatal dopamine release and confirming that DAT makes little contribution to regulation of cortical dopamine transmission. Unexpectedly, COMT inhibition did not affect evoked dopamine transients in either the NAc or the MFC. In agreement with these findings, systemic administration of a DAT blocker, but not of a COMT inhibitor, increased motivation to work for reward in a progressive ratio paradigm. COMT inhibition also had little effect on reinforcement learning (RL) strategies during reward-guided decision making. Intriguingly, however, we found that DAT blockade both decreased the influence of model-free RL and increased the influence of model-based RL on behaviour. Our study confirms that DAT regulates dopamine transmission in striatum but not in cortex and indicates that sub-second changes in dopamine transmission in both regions are largely insensitive to COMT. However, our behavioural data reveal the importance of striatal dopamine in multiple components of reward-guided behaviour, including both motivational aspects traditionally associated with striatum as well as cognitive aspects heretofore mainly associated with cortical function. Together, these findings emphasise that reward processing occurs across corticostriatal circuits and contribute to our understanding of how striatal dopamine transmission regulates reward-guided behaviours.
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Ljulkina, Alla [Verfasser]. "Regulation der TLR 1,2,5,6-mRNS-Expression in humanen Keratinozyten durch das Interferon y / Alla Ljulkina." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082237043/34.
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Berse, Matthias. "Regulation der Stabilität der proangiogenen Transkriptionsfaktoren c-Jun, Id1 und Id3 durch das COP9-Signalosom." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15399.
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Für die Progression des Wachstums maligner Tumoren und ihre Metastasierung ist die Angiogenese, die Bildung neuer Blutgefäße aus bereits existierenden, eine essentielle Voraussetzung. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die proangiogenen Transkriptionsfaktoren c-Jun, Id1 und Id3 in ihrer Stabilität gegenüber dem Ubiquitin/26S-Proteasom-System durch das COP9-Signalosom (CSN) kontrolliert werden. Dieses bildet einen multimeren Proteinkomplex, der deutliche Homologien mit dem Lid-Subkomplex des 26S-Proteasoms aufweist. Sowohl c-Jun als auch Id3 binden an die Untereinheit CSN5. Id3 interagiert zusätzlich mit CSN7. Rekombinantes c-Jun, ein bekanntes Substrat der CSN-assoziierten Kinasen CK2 und PKD, wird durch Curcumin, einen Hemmstoff dieser Kinasen, deutlich destabilisiert. Daneben induziert Curcumin hochmolekulare Formen von c-Jun, bei denen es sich höchstwahrscheinlich um Ubiquitin-Konjugate handelt. Ferner beschleunigt Curcumin, ebenso wie die CK2- und PKD-Inhibitoren Emdodin, DRB und Resveratrol, in HeLa-Zellen den proteasomalen Abbau von c-Jun. Die c-Jun-abhängige Produktion von VEGF wird durch alle vier Kinase-Hemmstoffe signifikant reduziert. Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt noch durch den proteasomalen Inhibitor MG-132. Id3 wird nicht von den CSN-assoziierten Kinasen phosphoryliert. Allerdings hemmt es in einem Kinase-Assay die Phosphorylierung von c-Jun, ICSBP und CSN2. Curcumin und Emodin regen in HeLa-Zellen die Ubiquitinierung und den proteasomalen Abbau von Id3 an. Die Proteolyse von Id1 wird in HeLa-Zellen ebenfalls in Anwesenheit dieser beiden Hemmstoffe stimuliert. Mittels Kotransfektion von Id3 und His-markiertem Ubiquitin konnte eine verstärkte Ubiquitinierung von Id3 in Gegenwart von Curcumin direkt nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem wird Id3 durch die Überexpression von CSN2 stabilisiert. Auf diesen Daten basiert die Schlussfolgerung, dass die CSN-abhängige Phosphorylierung den Abbau von c-Jun und der beiden Id-Proteine über das Ubiquitin/26S-Proteasom-System inhibiert und dadurch ein interessantes neues Ziel einer antiangiogenen Tumortherapie repräsentiert.Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is a prerequisite for the progression of solid tumor growth and metastasis. In this study it is shown that the COP9 signalosome (CSN) regulates the stability of the angiogenic transcription factors c-Jun, Id1 and Id3 towards the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system. The COP9 signalosome constitutes a multimeric protein complex that shares sequence homology with the 26S proteasome lid complex. Both c-Jun and Id3 physically interact with the CSN subunit CSN5. In addition, Id3 can bind to CSN7. Recombinant c-Jun, a substrate of the CSN-associated kinases CK2 und PKD, is destabilized by curcumin, an inhibitor of these two kinases. Furthermore, curcumin induces high molecular weight c-Jun species, most likely ubiquitin conjugates. All tested inhibitors of the CK2 and PKD, emodin, DRB, resveratrol, as well as curcumin accelerate the degradation of c-Jun by the 26S proteasome in HeLa cells. The c-Jun-dependent expression of VEGF, the most potent angiogenic factor, is significantly reduced by the four kinase inhibitors. MG-132, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, also diminishes the production of VEGF. Id3 is not phosphorylated by the CSN-associated kinases. However, it inhibits c-Jun, ICSBP and CSN2 phosphorylation. Curcumin and emodin significantly induce ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Id3 in HeLa cells. Proteasome-dependent degradation Id1 in HeLa cells is also stimulated by treatment with curcumin or emodin. Ubiquitination of Id3 is shown directly by cotransfection of HeLa cells with Id3 and His-tagged ubiquitin. Curcumin increases Id3-ubiquitin conjugate formation. In addition, overexpression of CSN2 leads to stabilization of Id3 protein. On the basis of these data it is concluded that CSN-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of c-Jun, Id1 and Id3. The COP9 signalosome thus represents an interesting new target for antiangiogenic tumor therapy.
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Wildová, Lucie. "Historie a vývoj cen staveb pro rekreaci v okolí Brněnské přehrady." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401074.
Full textAbstract:
Master’s thesis deals with the history and development of the prices of holiday cottages around Brno dam. The introductory part defines the construction for recreation according to the legal regulations, describes the history of Brno dam and its development. The following chapters describe the valuation of holiday cottages according to the previous and present valuation regulations. In the experimental part is performed the analysis of the obtained prices. Two holiday cottages are valued according to the valuation regulations from 1965 until today. For these holiday cottages are performed also market valuation for the period 2014 to 2018. At the end of the master’s thesis is performed discussion of the results and final comprehensive evaluation.