Academic literature on the topic 'Daishowa'

The Spring Creek Representative and Experimental Watershed Project was initiated in 1965 to understand the effects of land-use conversion from boreal forest to agricultural land on mid-size watersheds typical to northern Alberta. The initial project was deactivated in 1986 and the treatment was never completed. In 1991, Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd. and the Alberta Department of Environmental Protection restarted the project with new objectives to determine the hydrologic effects of aspen harvesting and the hydrologic recovery of water yield post-harvest. The impacts of basin morphology and forest harvesting on water quality were also investigated. The objectives of this manuscript are to summarize the novel results and data collected for this project.

Abstract As a result of increasing industrial activity and stricter application of environmental standards, pressure is being brought on Industries to improve the quality of their effluents. To achieve these goals, cost-efficient and high-performance wastewater treatment processes are needed. Recently, tests were completed on the treatment of ground wood, TMP and de-inking process effluents at the Daishowa, Quebec, pulp and paper mill. The biological treatment used was a fixed-film process known as the “Biocarbone” process. These tests demonstrated conclusively the high effectiveness of the Biocarbone process at COD loads of up to 10 kg/m3.day. This represents a major savings of space when compared to conventional waste activated sludge processes with COD loads of 2-3 kg/m3.day. The object of the test was to verify BOD5 levels, TSS removal and toxicity levels with respect to existing environmental standards. At all times and for all conditions tested, the Biocarbone process met the accepted standards of 5 kg/t of BOD5, 8 kg/t of TSS, and total removal of toxicity on a monthly basis

Canadian environmental policies are aimed at reducing by 50%. the quantities of refuses intended for landfill by year 2000. In this perspective, landspreading and composting biosolids have been investigated as solutions. Paper sludges, wood wastes, and municipal solid wastes (MSW) are important components of landfill biosolids, but they are attractive by-products for agricultural use. Research projects were initiated to characterize the paper sludges produced by Daishowa Co. in Quebec City, wood wastes produced by Hydro-Quebec, and MSW composts produced from waste treatment at RITDM (Chertsey) and Conporec (Sorel). De-inked paper sludge and wood wastes have been landspreaded for growing potato and landscaping, whereas composted paper sludges have been evaluated as part of potting media for growing greenhouse plants and landspreaded for turfgrass production. The chemical and biological characteristics of these biosolids were investigated for their fertilization potential and their effect on plant growth.

Driven by issues of economics, productivity, biodiversity and climate change, mixedwood management is becoming increasingly attractive. For silviculture to embrace and capitalize on natural stand dynamics, complex processes and interactions must be understood. To facilitate focused, applied research, ten Alberta forest companies have joined forces to cooperatively advance the science and management of boreal aspen/white spruce mixedwood forests. Members of the Mixedwood Management Association have committed collective research funds to develop and test practices that will sustain fibre supply, biodiversity, social and ecological values in Alberta's mixedwood forests. Forest industry members include Ainsworth Engineered Canada LP., Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc., Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd., Footner Forest Products Ltd., Millar Western Forest Products Ltd., Tolko Industries Ltd., Slave Lake Pulp/Alberta Plywood Ltd., Vanderwell Contractors (1971) Ltd. and Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. The Alberta government and the University of Alberta are supporting partners in the Association. The Association's goals are to increase knowledge of aspen/white spruce mixed forests in the areas of growth and yield, crop planning, monitoring, understory protection and decision support tools. This paper highlights some of the Association-sponsored research projects. Key words: Alberta, Mixedwood Management Association, research, growth and yield, crop plans

In 1991, a project was initiated in collaboration with the Daishowa paper company to characterize de-inking residues resulting from paper recycling in detail and to determine the value of this organic residue as an amendment to agricultural soils. Our objective was to determine the effects of field applications of de-inking residues on potato crop culture. In 1992, 1993, and 1994, experimental plots were established and maintained at the Horticultural Experimental Farm of Laval Univ. A factorial design was composed of four replications of four doses of de-inking residues (0, 15, 30, and 45 t·ha–1) combined with four doses of N (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg·ha–1). Treatments were applied to a total of 64 plots. The results indicate the importance of adjusting the fertilization to prevent the immobilization of N by the residues. In 1992, as a result of adding de-inking residues, potato yields were increased significantly when sufficient N fertilizer was added. However, significant decreases in yield were noted when a high level of de-inking residues was applied without any adjustment of the C:N ratio. In 1993, potato yields were reduced in treatments having a second application of residue at the highest doses (30 and 45 t·ha–1), even when additional N was provide. Interestingly, harvested tubers gave no indication of toxicity effects due to heavy metals or other contaminants. Results also will be discussed in terms of overall potato quality and the incidence of disease.

The Hotchkiss River Mixedwood Timber Harvesting Study is a cooperative project involving Canadian Forest Service, Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd., Manning Diversified Forest Products Ltd., the Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada and Alberta Land and Forest Service aimed at developing new approaches to natural regeneration and harvesting systems for western Canada's boreal mixedwood forests, at a site near the Hotchkiss River in northwestern Alberta. The study used conventional harvesting equipment to test eleven harvesting and silvicultural systems designed to protect and minimize wind damage to immature white spruce residuals and encourage vigorous hardwood regeneration following harvest of the aspen overstory. Research areas include wind damage, wind firmness and growth response of the immature white spruce, effects of harvesting disturbance and timing on soil properties, conifer and hardwood regeneration after harvest, efficiency of equipment and harvesting costs, modelling of wind flow and long-term growth and yield. Already in its sixth year, the project has a planned 20year series of harvests and surveys. Technology transfer is an important component of this study for delivery and promotion of research results on behalf of the proponents and all related research collaborators. Products include demonstration maps and field guides, self-guided tour trails with interpretive signage and field tours (including active operations) as required. Hotchkiss River has also been designated a Forest Ecosystem Research Network (FERN) site. Key words: silviculture systems, white spruce, Picea glauca, aspen, Populus tremuloides, understory protection, harvesting, Alberta, boreal mixedwoods, technology transfer

博士
國立成功大學
台灣文學研究所
97
The word “Bungei-Daishuka" connotes people-centered values. Hence the concept of “Bungei-Daishuka" integrates easily with indigeneity, nationality and popularity. During the colonial period, the prevalent colonial discourses then tended to belittle and distort Taiwanese people as well as the Taiwanese culture as a way to practice symbolic power. In this context, “Bungei-Daishuka", which combines indigeneity, nationality and popularity, is regarded as the embodiment of the decolonization spirit. This is the rationale underlying the researcher’s attempt to put “Bungei-Daishuka" into the context of the Taiwanese literary field during the 1930s. This thesis is the first of its kind in highlighting “Bungei-Daishuka" as the most progressive literary discourse in the Taiwanese literary field during the 1930s. In addition to the “Bungei-Daishuka", which was originally perceived as an interpretative framework for the literary discourses of the modern intellectuals, the researcher also introduced the thinking of traditional literati. Hence, the perception amongst people in the Taiwanese literary field in the 30s towards “Bungei-Daishuka" has three distinct aspects represented by the Leftists, the Right Wing and the traditional literati. A cross-comparison of the three schools of thinking on “Bungei-Daishuka" reveals a three-dimensional history of literature, which is also what this thesis intends to achieve. The researcher further divided traditional literati into traditionalists and neo-traditionalists. The former dismissed and rejected modern civilization, whereas the latter sought the harmonization of Eastern and Western cultures and reformed traditional culture. Based on the interpretative framework of this thesis, the traditional literati who involved in the three entanglements of “Bungei-Daishuka" in 1930s Taiwan were neo-traditionalists. When it comes to the Taiwanese literary field during the 1930s, the most representative were Lien Heng and Chao Yun Shih of the San Liou Jiou Tabloid. As the Leftists, the Right Wing and the neo-traditionalists fully emerged, the wrestling between their cultural thoughts have also constituted what the thesis called the three entanglements of “Bungei-Daishuka". It should be noted that the different interpretations that the three groups of intellectuals had toward “Bungei-Daishuka" was based on their differing perceptions towards the idea of “mass”. The Leftists perceived “mass” as multitude; the Right Wing treated “mass” as the proletariat; the neo-traditionalists saw “mass” as “the crowd”. Such discrepancy resulted from both the ambiguity that accompanies the word “mass” and the different interpretations by the three groups towards the word. The different interpretations and the wrestling between the cultural thoughts constitute what the researcher calls “the three entanglements of Bungei-Daishuka”. The researcher discussed the conflicting ideologies derived from the different practices of “Bungei-Daishuka" in three aspects: the conflicts among the Leftists themselves, between the Leftists and the Right Wing, and between the modern intellectuals and neo-traditionalists. To conduct a cross-analysis of the cultural thoughts of the aforementioned three schools of intellectuals, the researcher adopted quantitative research methods rather than qualitative ones. Qualitative research probes on the existence of decolonization. Nonetheless, as the decolonization underlying the cultural thoughts of the three schools is fully acknowledged in this thesis, the use of qualitative research methods is rather meaningless. Instead, quantitative research methods were adopted in the thesis, as they are not intended to explore the existence of a certain quality, but to evaluate the degree to such quality. The three schools of intellectuals did exhibit the features of modernization or decolonization, however, to what extent could their cultural thoughts and practice exert the influence of “Bungei-Daishuka” and decolonization is the focus of this thesis. A cross-comparison would immediately reveal the influence of “Bungei-Daishuka” as exerted by the cultural thoughts of the three schools of the intellectuals. This is not just the essence of quantitative research, but the most important yardstick to judge between right and wrong when it comes to the conflicts among the Leftists, between the Leftists and the Right Wing, and between the modern intellectuals and neo-traditionalists.