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1
Linde, Susanna Gezina. "Die ontwikkeling van 'n moniteringsprogram vir roumelkgehalte as deel van die gehaltebestuurstelsel van 'n melkprosesseerder in die Noordwes-provinsie." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/264.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008In this study, the development and implementation of a quality-monitoring program for raw milk as part of the quality management system of a milk processor was studied. Various aspects that contribute to raw milk quality were also included. Ten factors that are important in the production of good quality raw milk were summarised in the Ten Point Plan for the production of quality raw milk. Thirty-eight producers, who have supplied raw milk to the processor over a period of five year, were involved in this program. The producers are located all over the Northwest Province. Sixty thousand litres of milk is processed at the processor daily. The milk is taken in from the farms on alternative days by tankers supplied by the processor. A mark sheet was developed to evaluate control points during milking that can be measured directly from the laboratory. This was done monthly. Factors that could not be measured in the laboratory were evaluated when visits to the milk parlours were done twice a year. At the end of the year, the results of the mark sheet as well as the results of the parlour audits were compiled on a quality chart and the results were calculated as a percentage. The processor used the results of the quality charts to reward producers for quality milk. It was found that producers do not have the necessary infrastructure and knowledge to analyse milk. Analysing the raw milk and releasing the results to the producer are important measures to identify and manage problem areas that can pose a risk to the production of good quality raw milk. It is very important to supply the producer with the correct and relevant information because most of the representatives of companies, which visit the farms, supply information to the benefit of the product they sell. A formal monitoring program ensures that raw milk adhere to quality measures due to the fact that producers know the basic principles necessary for the production of good quality raw milk and the fact that the producer can implement measures in his/her own unique farm environment. The implementation of the Ten Point Plan for the production of quality raw milk at the processor had a significant influence on the quality of raw milk that was bought from producers. During times of milk shortages, the processor had to buy milk from alternative sources, which have no quality-monitoring program. Most of the times, this milk did not comply with the law regarding the total bacterial count, the coliform count, and the E. coli count. Record keeping is an important part of the management system of a dairy. Results from this study stressed a meaningful relationship between the keeping of records as mentioned in the Ten Point Plan and the production of good quality raw milk. It is recommended that producers be sharpened regarding the requirements for the production of good quality raw milk. Purchasing good quality raw milk assured the marketing of the best quality dairy products to the consumer. The contribution of this study to the dairy industry is the fact that the implementation of a quality-monitoring program ensures the maintenance of a sustainable quality of raw milk to the industry.
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Gosselin, Ryan. "ON-LINE QUALITY CONTROL IN POLYMER PROCESSING USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26629/26629.pdf.
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L’industrie du plastique se tourne de plus en plus vers les matériaux composites afin d’économiser de la matière et/ou d’utiliser des matières premières à moindres coûts, tout en conservant de bonnes propriétés. L’impressionnante adaptabilité des matériaux composites provient du fait que le manufacturier peut modifier le choix des matériaux utilisés, la proportion selon laquelle ils sont mélangés, ainsi que la méthode de mise en œuvre utilisée.
La principale difficulté associée au développement de ces matériaux est l’hétérogénéité de composition ou de structure, qui entraîne généralement des défaillances mécaniques. La qualité des prototypes est normalement mesurée en laboratoire, à partir de tests destructifs et de méthodes nécessitant la préparation des échantillons. La mesure en-ligne de la qualité permettrait une rétroaction quasi-immédiate sur les conditions d’opération des équipements, en plus d’être directement utilisable pour le contrôle de la qualité dans une situation de production industrielle.
L’objectif de la recherche proposée consiste à développer un outil de contrôle de qualité pour la qualité des matériaux plastiques de tout genre. Quelques sondes de type proche infrarouge ou ultrasons existent présentement pour la mesure de la composition en-ligne, mais celles-ci ne fournissent qu’une valeur ponctuelle à chaque acquisition. Ce type de méthode est donc mal adapté pour identifier la distribution des caractéristiques de surface de la pièce (i.e. homogénéité, orientation, dispersion).
Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, un système d’imagerie hyperspectrale est proposé. À l’aide de cet appareil, il est possible de balayer la surface de la pièce et d’obtenir une image hyperspectrale, c’est-à-dire une image formée de l’intensité lumineuse à des centaines de longueurs d’onde et ce, pour chaque pixel de l’image. L’application de méthodes chimiométriques permettent ensuite d’extraire les caractéristiques spatiales et spectrales de l’échantillon présentes dans ces images. Finalement, les méthodes de régression multivariée permettent d’établir un modèle liant les caractéristiques identifiées aux propriétés de la pièce. La construction d’un modèle mathématique forme donc l’outil d’analyse en-ligne de la qualité des pièces qui peut également prédire et optimiser les conditions de fabrication.The use of plastic composite materials has been increasing in recent years in order to reduce the amount of material used and/or use more economic materials, all of which without compromising the properties. The impressive adaptability of these composite materials comes from the fact that the manufacturer can choose the raw materials, the proportion in which they are blended as well as the processing conditions. However, these materials tend to suffer from heterogeneous compositions and structures, which lead to mechanical weaknesses. Product quality is generally measured in the laboratory, using destructive tests often requiring extensive sample preparation. On-line quality control would allow near-immediate feedback on the operating conditions and may be transferrable to an industrial production context. The proposed research consists of developing an on-line quality control tool adaptable to plastic materials of all types. A number of infrared and ultrasound probes presently exist for on-line composition estimation, but only provide single-point values at each acquisition. These methods are therefore less adapted for identifying the spatial distribution of a sample’s surface characteristics (e.g. homogeneity, orientation, dispersion). In order to achieve this objective, a hyperspectral imaging system is proposed. Using this tool, it is possible to scan the surface of a sample and obtain a hyperspectral image, that is to say an image in which each pixel captures the light intensity at hundreds of wavelengths. Chemometrics methods can then be applied to this image in order to extract the relevant spatial and spectral features. Finally, multivariate regression methods are used to build a model between these features and the properties of the sample. This mathematical model forms the backbone of an on-line quality assessment tool used to predict and optimize the operating conditions under which the samples are processed.
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Santos, Jose Eduardo Portela 1970. "Effect of grain processing, protein quality and bST on lactation performance and ovarian activity of dairy cows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282527.
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of grain processing, grain sources, protein sources, and bST treatments on lactation performance, ovarian activity and nutrient digestion in early lactation dairy cows. In experiment 1, forty-eight dairy cows were divided into six groups and fed diets containing 37 to 39% grain as either steam-flaked sorghum (SFS, 360 g/L), steam-flaked corn (SFC, 360 g/L), or steam-rolled corn (SRC, 490 g/L) with one of two protein sources, soybean meal (SBM) or Prolak® for 70 days. Main effects for grain and protein source were not different for DMI, milk yield, 3.5% FCM yield or feed efficiency. Although efficiency of feed conversion into FCM did not differ among treatments, cows fed Prolak® required 10% less NEL for every Mcal of NEL converted into body weight or FCM. Milk protein yield was increased by both flaked gain and Prolak®. Feeding flaked grain increased milk production by 1.5 kg/d compared with rolled grain. Increasing the ratio of RDS/RDP to more than 2.4 increased milk yield by 2.7 kg/d (39.0 vs 36.3 kg/d). Plasma NEFA levels did not differ among treatments and grain and protein source had variable effects on PUN. Compared with other grains, SFC increased digestibilities of DM and OM, and flaked grains increased digestibility of starch. Cows fed SFS had the lowest crude protein digestibility, but was highest in NDF. In experiment 2, thirty-two postpartum (5 DIM)Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 90 days. Treatments were: steam-flaked sorghum diet with bST (SFS-B); steam-flaked sorghum diet without bST (SFS-N); steam-rolled corn diet with bST (SRC-B); and steam-rolled corn diet without bST (SRC-N). Cows receiving bST during the first 45 days of treatment had lower DMI and DMI as % of BW. Milk yield was increased by bST 3.1 kg/d and 1.8 kg/d during the 45 d and 90 d periods, respectively, resulting in greater feed efficiency for bST-treated cows. Grain processing did not affect DMI, milk yield and FCM yield. Neither composition nor yields of milk components were influenced by treatments. Compared to the SRC diet, SFS increased plasma glucose 5% and plasma insulin 19%. Grain processing and bST had no effect on either BHBA or hepatic triglycerides. PUN was reduced by bST, but NEFA was increased. Compared with SRC, SFS increased progesterone during the first two postpartum estrous cycles and cows receiving bST had significantly larger CL. Flaked sorghum compared with SRC increased digestibility of DM, OM, and starch, and neither grain affected digestibilities of CP, NDF or ADF. Treatments with bST did not affect any nutrient digestibilities.
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Arroyo, Esquivel Esteban. "An adaptive image pre-processing system for quality control in production lines." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/7984.
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Adaptive and self-optimized behaviours in automated quality control systems based on
computer vision and hence on digital image processing, constitute an approach that may
signi cantly enhance the robustness, e ciency and exibility of the industrial systems.
This work presents the development of an adaptive software system designed for the
pre-processing of digital images captured in industrial production scenarios. The system
is capable of characterizing and distinguishing between di erent image scenes, evaluating
their current global quality, determining the best enhancement strategy to be executed and
auto-adapting its functional parameters according to the actual generated data.
Real images captured in a washing machines production line are presented and used
to test and validate the system algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the robust
performance of the system, the image quality enhancements achieved and the improvement
of the recognition e ectiveness of the posterior processing algorithms.
The contribution of the present work consists in the implementation of a dynamic scene
recognition algorithm, based on a neural network architecture and a parametric indexes
extraction process, that allows the execution of customized quality correction strategies and
it is capable of considering the system's history in order to self-adapt. With this project it
is intended to incur in the automated industrial quality control eld by addressing a novel
approach on adaptive pre-processing systems for quality enhancement purposes. Os comportamentos adaptativos e auto-optimizáveis nos sistemas de controlo de qualidade
baseados em visão arti cial e, portanto, em processamento de imagem, constituem uma
abordagem que poderia aumentar signi cativamente a robustez, e ciência e exibilidade das
respostas dos sistemas industriais.
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema de software adaptativo
desenhado para o pré-processamento de imagens capturadas em ambientes de produção industrial.
O sistema é capaz de caracterizar e distinguir entre diferentes imagens, avaliar a
sua qualidade global actual, determinar a melhor estratégia de melhoramento por executar
e auto-adaptar os seus parâmetros funcionais de acordo com a informação gerada.
Imagens reais capturadas numa linha de produção de máquinas de lavar são apresentadas e
usadas para testar e validar os algoritmos do sistema. Resultados experimentais demonstram
o rendimento robusto da arquitectura, os melhoramentos da qualidade da imagem atingidos e
o incremento da efectividade de reconhecimento dos algoritmos de processamento posteriores.
A contribução do presente trabalho consiste na implementação de um algoritmo dinâmico
de reconhecimento de cenários, baseado numa arquitetura de rede neural e num processo de
extracção de parâmetros, que permite a execução de estratégias de correcção de qualidade
e é capaz de considerar a história do sistema com o objectivo de auto-adaptar-se. Com
este projecto pretende-se incorrer no campo do controlo de qualidade automatizado focando
uma abordagem novedosa em sistemas de pré-processamento adaptativo com propósitos de
melhoramento de imagem. Comportamientos adaptativos y auto-optimizables en sistemas de control de calidad basados
en visión arti cial y, por tanto, en procesamiento de imagen, constituyen un abordaje
que podría aumentar signi cativamente la robustez, e ciencia y exibilidad de las respuestas
de los sistemas industriales.
Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de software adaptativo diseñado para
el pre-procesamiento de imágenes capturadas en escenarios de producción industrial. El
sistema es capaz de caracterizar y distinguir entre diferentes imágenes, evaluar su cualidad
global actual, determinar la ejecución de la estrategia de mejoramiento óptima y auto-adaptar
sus parámetros funcionales de acuerdo con la información generada.
Imágenes reales capturadas en una línea de producción de lavadoras de ropa son presentadas
y utilizadas para veri car y validar los algoritmos del sistema. Los resultados
experimentales obtenidos demuestran un rendimiento robusto de la arquitectura, mejoras
tangibles en la calidad de la imagen y un incremento de la efectividad de reconocimiento de
los algoritmos de procesamiento posteriores.
La contribución del presente trabajo consiste en la implementación de un algoritmo
dinámico de reconocimiento de escenarios, basado en una arquitectura de red neuronal y en
un proceso de extracción de parámetros, que permite la ejecución de estrategias de corrección
de calidad y es capaz de considerar la historia del sistema con el objectivo de auto-adaptarse.
Con este proyecto se pretende incursionar en el campo del control de calidad automatizado
enfocando un abordaje novedoso en sistemas de pre-procesamiento adaptativo con propósitos
de mejoramiento de imagen.
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Goutondji, Leopoldine E. S. Abul. "Preventing water pollution by dairy by-products risk assessment and comparison of legislation in Benin and South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10302008-165039/.
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Mussa, Dinna Mathemi. "High pressure processing of milk and muscle foods : evaluation of process kinetics, safety and quality changes." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35473.
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High pressure (HP) kinetics of the microbial destruction and changes in the physicochemical characteristics of milk and pork were studied. Raw milk samples containing indigenous microflora of approximately 106 CFU/mL were heat sealed in dual peel sterilization pouches and subjected to HP treatment from 150--400 MPa with holding times ranging 5--120 min. The kinetic parameters (rate constant, k and decimal reduction time, D) for the microorganisms, alkaline phosphatase, color and viscosity were evaluated, based on first order kinetics and the pressure dependence of kinetic parameters was evaluated using pressure destruction time (PDT) and Arrhenius models. Kinetic data was well described by the first order model (R 2 > 0.90).The application of pressure pulse was explored for pressure destruction of microorganisms as well as changes in physical-chemical characteristics of pork chops. Pork chops (2 days post-rigor) were subjected to HP treatment from 200--350 MPa for 0--120 min. Results showed that pressure changes of pork variables followed a dual effect consisting of an instantaneous pressure kill (IPK) with the application of pressure pulse (no holding) and a subsequent first order rate of destruction during the pressure hold time. The IPK values were pressure dependent and increased with pressure level. Parameters k and D indicated a higher rate of pressure destruction of microorganisms compared to quality attributes.
Kinetics of pressure destruction of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A were studied in relation to those of indigenous microorganism of milk and pork. The IPK was more pronounced with L. monocytogenes than with indigenous microflora. However, the kinetic parameters (k and D values) indicated a larger pressure resistance for L. monoctyogenes. HP processes were developed based on the standard plate count (SPC) kinetic data for indigenous microflora of milk as well as L. monocytogenes in milk and pork. The results showed that SPC kinetics permitted good estimation of microbial destruction in low pressure-lethality processes of milk and pork but its application at higher pressure-lethality levels were inaccurate. On the other hand, processes established based an destruction of L. monocytogenes were more predictable. Pressure pulse application to microbial lethality was also well predicted.
The shelf-life of milk and pork increased with the level of applied pressure lethality, but Q10 values suggested that low storage temperature was nevertheless required to control microbial growth and maintain quality. Storage of HP treated park offered some improvement in the texture but resulted in large color changes and drip losses. L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the stored milk samples HP treated to achieve a lethality ≥10D.
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Wad, Charudatta V. "QoS : quality driven data abstraction for large databases." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020508-151213/.
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Yang, Jr-Syu. "Laser/optical fiber phased array generation of ultrasound for quality control of manufacturing processes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17286.
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Huang, Shiping. "Exploratory visualization of data with variable quality." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-01115-225546/.
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XU, HUAN. "IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEINS FACILITATING SP-C PROCESSING AND THE QUALITY CONTROL RECEPTOR SP-C." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1108342411.
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Backes, Audrey Ann. "Evaluation of Particulate Matter Inside Control Rooms at a Quarry and Processing Facility." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1418321178.
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Jarret, Dorota A. "Towards an understanding of genetic control of processing quality traits in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.)." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b4d1a168-9dbd-43c7-b506-13033d19d9dc.
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Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a perennial shrub grown for its black piquant berries, rich in a variety of nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidants. Blackcurrants are commercially grown in 21 countries mainly across temperate zones of Europe, Russia, and New Zealand and to a lesser extent North America. The berries can be harvested by hand and consumed raw, however the main market lies within the mechanically harvested crop used for processing. Demand for juices, and fruit juices in particular, continues to rise mainly due to increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits of a balanced diet. The rich nutritional content of blackcurrant makes it a desired commodity for production of juice and other innovative products. Breeding of new blackcurrant cultivars is dominated by the processing industry and the emphasis in recent years has been to increase the nutritional value of the crop. New berry fruit cultivars in the UK have recently focused more on fruit quality traits than agronomic characters (Brennan and Graham, 2009), and the main quality traits of blackcurrant have been associated with antioxidant, colour and flavour properties. Quality-focused breeding is challenging due to long timescales and low precision as quality traits are complex, show continuous variation, polygenic control, genes of small effects and strong influence by the growing environment; additionally, blackcurrant is a minor crop with no reference genome and existing sequence annotation is based on homology to Arabidopsis. In this study high throughput phenotyping, and metabolome and transcriptome profiling analysis contributed to a comprehensive overview of blackcurrant physiology and regulation during fruit development. Combination of a novel correlation platform and database mining of metabolite and transcript abundances contributed to identification of genes associated with anthocyanin content in blackcurrant and provided functional gene annotation for Ribes sp. Sixty three genes were identified as having major roles in blackcurrant anthocyanin accumulation with putative functions of catalytic proteins, transporters and regulatory proteins; a number of cytochrome P450 family proteins were also implicated. Moreover, a range of proteins with unknown functions in Arabidopsis were shown to correlate strongly with flavonoid accumulation in blackcurrant. The developed approach for functional gene orthology annotation (genes with similar functions) can also be utilised for several other (~200) traits analysed in this study and can provide a functional systems biology platform for other woody perennial species with no reference genome. In parallel, mapping population analysis and a new high-density quality-specific genetic linkage map and quantitative trait loci association with major quality compounds such as anthocyanins, sugars, organic acids and other polyphenols were developed. This contributed to the identification of significant associations between 28 quality traits and 978 markers present on genetic linkage map and created a functional tool for future quality-orientated blackcurrant breeding. The genetic linkage map assisted further functional annotation of several new Ribes SNP based markers obtained through GbS technology through their association with quality traits for which polymorphism can be analysed using existing blackcurrant genomic resources. Integration of functional candidate genes identified in fruit ripening analysis and on genetic linkage map with several blackcurrant genomic resources formed a platform for assisting further developments in quality-orientated blackcurrant breeding at The James Hutton Institute. This platform provides a holistic view of the mechanisms that underlie fruit compositional quality and may provide a means for germplasm selection with no prior phenotypic information. Knowledge and tools developed in this study can be further developed with new developing genomic technologies.
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Parikh, Devangi Nikunj. "Improving the quality of speech in noisy environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45889.
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In this thesis, we are interested in processing noisy speech signals that are meant to be heard by humans, and hence we approach the noise-suppression problem from a perceptual perspective. We develop a noise-suppression paradigm that is based on a model of the human auditory system, where we process signals in a way that is natural to the human ear. Under this paradigm, we transform an audio signal in to a perceptual domain, and processes the signal in this perceptual domain. This approach allows us to reduce the background noise and the audible artifacts that are seen in traditional noise-suppression algorithms, while preserving the quality of the processed speech. We develop a single- and dual-microphone algorithm based on this perceptual paradigm, and conduct subjecting tests to show that this approach outperforms traditional noise-suppression techniques. Moreover, we investigate the cause of audible artifacts that are generated as a result of suppressing the noise in noisy signals, and introduce constraints on the noise-suppression gain such that these artifacts are reduced.
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Drummond, John. "Specifying quality of service for distributed systems based upon behavior models." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FDrummond%5FPhD.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Valdes Berzins, Luqi, William Kemple, Mikhail Auguston, Nabendu Chaki. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-240). Also available online.
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Wai, Hon Kee. "Priority feedback mechanism with quality of service control for MPEG video system." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/275.
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Bharati, Manish H. "Multivariate image analysis and regression for industrial process monitoring and product quality control / by Manish H. Bharati." *McMaster only, 2002.
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Xu, Huan. "Identification of proteins facilitating SP-C processing and the quality control receptor for misfolded SP-C." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1108342411.
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Niranjan, Mysore Radhika. "Towards IQ-Appliances: Quality-awareness in Information Virtualization." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04262007-121537/.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Ferri, Bonnie Heck, Committee Member ; Gavrilovska, Ada, Committee Member ; Yalamanchili, Sudhakar, Committee Member ; Schwan, Karsten, Committee Chair.
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Grobler, Frederik Antonie. "The development of harmonic content and quality of electricity supply measuring system incorporating scada processing." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/61.
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Thesis (D.Tech (Engineering Electrical)) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005When Thomas Edison invented his carbon filament lamp in 1879, gas shares fell overnight. A committee of inquiry was set up to examine the future possibilities of the new method of lighting, and had reached the conclusion that electric light in the home was fanciful and absurd. Today electric light burns in practically every house in the civilised world, with many great advances in the production and use of electricity and electric power supplied by various utilities. The objective of the electric utility to deliver pure sinusoidal voltage at fairly constant magnitude throughout their system is complicated by the fact that there are currently loads on the system that produce harmonic voltages, which result in distorted voltages and currents that can adversely impact on the system performance in different ways. Because the numbers of harmonic producing loads have increased over the years, it has become necessary to address their influence, when making any additions or changes to an installation. Quality of supply measurements have long been used to characterise non-linearity on the power system, and have traditionally been measured with expensive portable analysers. A potentially faster, more integrated, and more flexible solution to measure the harmonics with a Supervisory System is accomplished by this research. Any script which aspired to cover in full detail the whole field of a subject so enormous as techniques to measure the quality of electricity supply on a SCADA system, would hardly be practical in less than a few volumes. The pretensions of this research are both modest and of a more immediate value to the reader.
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Rohani, Mehdiabadi Behrooz. "Power control for mobile radio systems using perceptual speech quality metrics." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0174.
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As the characteristics of mobile radio channels vary over time, transmit power must be controlled accordingly to ensure that the received signal level is within the receiver's sensitivity. As a consequence, modern mobile radio systems employ power control to regulate the received signal level such that it is neither less nor excessively larger than receiver sensitivity in order to maintain adequate service quality. In this context, speech quality measurement is an important aspect in the delivery of speech services as it will impact satisfaction of customers as well as the usage of precious system resources. A variety of techniques for speech quality measurement has been produced over the last few years as result of tireless research in the area of perceptual speech quality estimation. These are mainly based on psychoacoustic models of the human auditory systems. However, these techniques cannot be directly applied for real-time communication purposes as they typically require a copy of the transmitted and received speech signals for their operation. This thesis presents a novel technique of incorporating perceptual speech quality metrics with power control for mobile radio systems. The technique allows for standardized perceptual speech quality measurement algorithms to be used for in-service measurement of speech quality. The accuracy of the proposed Real-Time Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement (RTPSQM) technique with respect to measuring speech quality is first validated by extensive simulations. On this basis, RTPSQM is applied to power control in the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication and the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). It is shown by simulations that the use of perceptual-based power control in GSM and UMTS outperforms conventional power control in terms of reducing the transmitter signal power required for providing adequate speech quality. This in turn facilitates the observed increase in system capacity and thus offers better utilization of available system resources. To enable an analytical performance assessment of perceptual speech quality metrics in power control, the mathematical frameworks for conventional and perceptual-based power control are derived. The derivations are performed for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems and kept as generic as possible. Numerical results are presented which could be used in a system design to readily find the Erlang capacity per cell for either of the considered power control algorithms.
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Banús, Paradell Núria. "New solutions to control robotic environments: quality control in food packaging." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673469.
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Machine vision systems and artificial intelligence techniques are two active research areas
in the context of Industry 4.0. Their combination allows the reproduction of human
procedures while improving the performance of the processes. However, to achieve the
desired full automation, there is a need for new applications able to cover as many
industrial scenarios and processes as possible. One of the areas that needs further research
and development is the quality control of food packaging, and more specifically
in the closure and sealing control of thermoforming packages. The shortcomings in this
area were detected by TAVIL who, in collaboration with GILAB, proposed an Industrial
Doctorate to investigate, develop and integrate in real scenarios new methods to
improve the packaging stage of the food industry by using machine vision systems and
artificial intelligence techniques. In the context of this Industrial Doctorate, two focuses
of research were defined that differ at the level at which the problem is studied. The
first focused on the quality control of food packages, and the second on the efficient
management of machine vision systems in industrial scenariosEls sistemes de visió per computador i les tècniques d’intel·ligència artificial són dues àrees de recerca actives en el context de la Indústria 4.0. La seva combinació permet la reproducció de procediments humans millorant al mateix temps el rendiment dels processos. Malgrat això, per aconseguir l’automatització completa desitjada, hi ha la necessitat de noves aplicacions capaces de cobrir el màxim d’escenaris i processos industrials possibles. Una de les àrees que necessita més investigació i desenvolupament és el control de qualitat dels envasos d’aliments, i més concretament, el control del tancament i del segellat d’envasos termoformats. Les necessitats en aquesta àrea van ser identificades per TAVIL que, amb col·laboració amb GILAB, van proposar un Doctorat Industrial per investigar, desenvolupar i integrar en escenaris reals nous mètodes per millorar l’etapa d’envasat de la indústria alimentària mitjançant sistemes de visió per computador i tècniques d’intel·ligència artificial. En el context d’aquest Doctorat Industrial, s’han seguit dues línies d’investigació que es diferencien en el nivell en el qual estudien el problema. La primera línia es basa en el control de qualitat d’envasos d’aliments, mentre que la segona es basa en el control eficient de sistemes de visió per computador en escenaris industrials
Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologia
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Nyström, Rikard. "A Machine Vision System for Robotic Operations Quality Control in an Automated Biological Lab." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186587.
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Quality control is a necessity when it comes to automating a biological lab with the help of robotics. Two major quality control objectives are targeted by the research group PharmBio at Uppsala University: (1) barcode recognition and decoding, and (2) determining the position and orientation of microplates relative the gripper at the end of an industrial robot arm. In order to achieve these objectives, a hardware package with a camera and microcomputer has been designed and built, which can be attached next to the gripper. In addition to the hardware solution, a software stack has been developed and implemented which utilizes the camera and microcomputer to capture digital images. These images are enhanced and processed using machine vision software on the microcomputer, after which the final generated data is sent to an external system for further handling. The final system consisting of integrated hardware and software is capable of achieving both goals: barcode recognition and plate pose determination. However, due to changes in the group’s project plan during the current Master’s project, final implementation of the plate pose determination software remains as future work for a later version.Kvalitetskontroll är en nödvändighet när det gäller automatiseringen av ett biologiskt lab med hjälp av robotik. Forskargruppen PharmBio vid Uppsala universitet har två huvudsakliga mål gällande kvalitetskontroll: (1) igenkänning och avläsning av streckkoder, och (2) fastställandet av position och riktning av en mikrotiterplatta relativt en gripklo på änden av en robotarm. För att uppnå dessa mål har en enhet innehållandes en kamera och enkortsdator designats och byggts, tänkt att fästas intill gripklon. Utöver denna enhet har ett mjukvarusystem som använder kameran och datorn för att ta bilder utvecklats och implementerats. Dessa bilder behandlas med hjälp av machine vision-mjukvara på enkortsdatorn innan framtagen data skickas vidare till ett externt datorsystem för ytterligare hantering. Det slutgiltiga systemet bestående av integrerad hård- och mjukvara är kapabel att uppnå båda projektmål: streckkodsavläsning och avgöra position/riktning hos en mikrotiterplatta. På grund av ändrad planering hos forskargruppen under arbetets gång kommer dock implementation av mjukvaran framtagen för positions- och riktningsigenkänning dröja till en senare version av projektet.
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Dwivedi, Mritunjay. "Heat transfer studies on canned particulate Newtonian fluids subjected to axial agitation processing." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115866.
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Heat transfer to canned particulate laden Newtonian fluids was studied during free axial agitation thermal processing in a pilot STOCK retort which was modified to simulate the can motion in continuous turbo cookers. Evaluation of heat transfer coefficients (overall, U and fluid to particle, hfp) associated with canned liquid/particle mixtures, while they are subjected to free axial motion is difficult because of the problems involved with attaching temperature measuring devices to liquid and particles without affecting their normal motion. A new methodology was developed to evaluate U and hfp in Newtonian liquids. The methodology involved first correlating U and hfp as a function of input variables for cans in fixed axial mode of rotation in which both particle and fluid temperatures were measured using thin wire thermocouples. Subsequently, only liquid temperatures were measured in cans using wireless sensors in the free axial mode, and hfp values were empirically computed from the developed correlations and the measured temperatures. An L-16 orthogonal experimental design of experiment was carried out to select system and product parameters that significantly influence hfp and U for particles in the Newtonian liquid. With significant parameters selected, a response surface methodology and two full factorial experimental designs were used to relate U and hfp to process variables in each mode of rotation (fixed and free axial modes).Dimensionless correlations were then developed using the evaluated data for heat transfer coefficients (U and hfp), in canned high viscosity Newtonian liquids (with and without particles) using stepwise multiple non-linear-regressions of significant dimensionless groups. In free axial mode, combining the natural and forced convection, Nu = A 1(GrxPr)A2+ A3(Re) A4 (Pr)A5 FrA 6 (rhop/rhop1)A 7 (e/100-e)A8 (dp/Dc) A9 (Kp/K1)A10 yielded a higher R2 (0.93) than using a pure forced convection model when particles were present in the can. Even in the absence of particles, and with the end-over-end mode of agitation where forced convection dominates, introducing natural convection term (GrxPr), improvedR2 from 0.81 to 0.97. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were also developed for heat transfer coefficient predictions and the trained models gave better predictions than dimensionless correlations. All ANN models developed could be implemented easily in a spreadsheet as either matrices or a set of equations.
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Grönlund, Christer. "Spatio-temporal processing of surface electromyographic signals : information on neuromuscular function and control." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-958.
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During muscle contraction, electrical signals are generated by the muscle cells. The analysis of those signals is called electromyography (EMG). The EMG signal is mainly determined by physiological factors including so called central factors (central nervous system origin) and peripheral factors (muscle tissue origin). In addition, during the acquisition of EMG signals, technical factors are introduced (measurement equipment origin). The aim of this dissertation was to develop and evaluate methods to estimate physiological properties of the muscles using multichannel surface EMG (MCsEMG) signals. In order to obtain accurate physiological estimates, a method for automatic signal quality estimation was developed. The method’s performance was evaluated using visually classified signals, and the results demonstrated high classification accuracy. A method for estimation of the muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) and the muscle fibre orientation (MFO) was developed. The method was evaluated with synthetic signals and demonstrated high estimation precision at low contraction levels. In order to discriminate between the estimates of MFCV and MFO belonging to single or populations of motor units (MUs), density regions of so called spatial distributions were examined. This method was applied in a study of the trapezius muscle and demonstrated spatial separation of MFCV (as well as MFO) even at high contraction levels. In addition, a method for quantification of MU synchronisation was developed. The performance on synthetic sEMG signals showed high sensitivity on MU synchronisation and robustness to changes in MFCV. The method was applied in a study of the biceps brachii muscle and the relation to force tremor during fatigue. The results showed that MU synchronisation accounted for about 40 % of the force tremor. In conclusion, new sEMG methods were developed to study muscle function and motor control in terms of muscle architecture, muscle fibre characteristics, and processes within the central nervous system.
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Paknia, Elham [Verfasser], and Utz [Gutachter] Fischer. "Identification of a quality control check-point for the assembly of mRNA-processing snRNPs / Elham Paknia ; Gutachter: Utz Fischer." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1122435983/34.
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Kim, Minjung. "Quality of service support for progressive video transmission over Internet." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180252/unrestricted/kim%5Fminjung%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Nxumalo, G. L. "The application of the six sigma quality concept to improve process performance in a continuous processing plant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50467.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This report presents the application of the six sigma quality concept in solving a true business problem. Six sigma is a quality improvement and business strategy/tool developed by Motorola in the mid 1980s. It aims at delivering products and services that approach levels of near perfection. To achieve this objective a six sigma process must not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities, meaning the process should be at least 99.9997% perfect [Berdebes, 2003]. Motorola's success with six sigma popularised the concept and it has now been adopted by many of the world's top compames e.g. General Electric, Allied Signal-Honeywell, etc. All the six sigma companies report big financial returns as a result of increased quality levels due to the reduction in the number of defects. 'General Electric reports annual benefits of over $2.5 billion across the organisation from six sigma' [Huag, 2003]. The six sigma concept follows a five step problem-solving methodology known as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) to improve existing processes. Each of these steps makes use of a range of tools, which include quality, statistical, engineering, and business tools. This report first gives a theoretical presentation on quality and six sigma, attempting to answer the question 'What is six sigma'. A step-by-step guide on how to go through the DMAIC problem solving cycle is also presented. The six sigma concept was demonstrated by application to the colour removal process of a continuous processing plant manufacturing refined sugar. Colour removal is a very important process in sugar refining since the purpose of a refinery is to remove colour and other impurities from the raw sugar crystals. The colour removal process consists of three unit operations; liming, carbonation and sulphitation. Liming involves the addition of lime (calcium hydroxide) required for the formation of a calcium precipitate in the next unit operations. Carbonation is carried out in two stages; primary and secondary carbonation. Both stages involve the formation of a calcium carbonate precipitate, which traps colour bodies and other impurities. Sulphitation occurs in a single step and involve the formation of a calcium sulphite precipitate which also traps impurities. The pH and colour are the main variables that are being monitored throughout the colour removal process. Colour removal process Raw sugar Melting Carbonation Crystalli ~ Liming ~ c::J Secondary f+ Sulphitation .. Sugar sation Figure 1: Colour removal process The pH control of the two colour removal unit operations; carbonation and sulphitation, is very poor and as a result the colour removal achieved is below expectation. This compromises the final refined sugar quality since colour not removed in the colour removal processes ends up in the sugar. The first carbonation stage (primary) fails to lower the pH to the required specification and the second carbonation stage (secondary) is highly erratic, the pH fluctuating between too high and too low. The sulphitation process adds more sulphur dioxide than required and hence the pH is lowered below the lower specification limit. The six sigma DMAIC cycle was implemented in order to solve the problem of poor pH control. The Define phase defined the project and identified the process to be improved. The Measure phase measured the current performance of the process by collecting past laboratory data with the corresponding field instruments data. The data was used to draw frequency distribution plots that displayed the actual variation of the process relative to the natural variation of the process (specification width) and to calculate process capability indices. The Analyse phase analysed the data so as to determine the key sources of variation. The Improve phase used the findings of the analyse phase to propose solutions to improve the colour removal processes. The Control phase proposed a control plan so as to monitor and sustain the improvement gained. The key findings of the study are presented below: • Failure of the first carbonation stage to lower the pH to the required level is due to insufficient carbon dioxide gas supply. • The second carbonation reaction occurs very fast hence poor control will result in high variability. • The amount of colour removed is dependent on the input raw melt colour. • The histograms of the colour removal unit operations are off-centered and display a process variation greater than the specification width and hence a large proportion of the data falls outside the specification limits. • The % CaO and CO2 gas addition were found to be the key variables that control the processes centering on target. The % CaO having a stronger effect in the liming process and CO2 gas addition on the carbonation process. • The variation between the field instrument's pH and laboratory pH is the key variable that control the processes spread (standard deviation of the processes). • The processes Cpk values are less than C, (Cpk
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Speer, Ngoc Anh Phan. "Design and Analysis of Adaptive Fault Tolerant QoS Control Algorithms for Query Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27221.
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Data sensing and retrieval in WSNs have a great applicability in military, environmental, medical, home and commercial applications. In query-based WSNs, a user would issue a query with QoS requirements in terms of reliability and timeliness, and expect a correct response to be returned within the deadline. Satisfying these QoS requirements requires that fault tolerance mechanisms through redundancy be used, which may cause the energy of the system to deplete quickly. This dissertation presents the design and validation of adaptive fault tolerant QoS control algorithms with the objective to achieve the desired quality of service (QoS) requirements and maximize the system lifetime in query-based WSNs. We analyze the effect of redundancy on the mean time to failure (MTTF) of query-based cluster-structured WSNs and show that an optimal redundancy level exists such that the MTTF of the system is maximized.
We develop a hop-by-hop data delivery (HHDD) mechanism and an Adaptive Fault Tolerant Quality of Service Control (AFTQC) algorithm in which we utilize "source" and "path" redundancy with the goal to satisfy application QoS requirements while maximizing the lifetime of WSNs. To deal with network dynamics, we investigate proactive and reactive methods to dynamically collect channel and delay conditions to determine the optimal redundancy level at runtime. AFTQC can adapt to network dynamics that cause changes to the node density, residual energy, sensor failure probability, and radio range due to energy consumption, node failures, and change of node connectivity. Further, AFTQC can deal with software faults, concurrent query processing with distinct QoS requirements, and data aggregation. We compare our design with a baseline design without redundancy based on acknowledgement for data transmission and geographical routing for relaying packets to demonstrate the feasibility. We validate analytical results with extensive simulation studies. When given QoS requirements of queries in terms of reliability and timeliness, our AFTQC design allows optimal â sourceâ and â pathâ redundancies to be identified and applied dynamically in response to network dynamics such that not only query QoS requirements are satisfied, as long as adequate resources are available, but also the lifetime of the system is prolonged.Ph. D.
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Petersson, Håkan. "On information quality in primary health care registries /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek805s.pdf.
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Hui, Kin Cheung. "The design and implementation of a MPEG video system with transmission control and QoS support." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/446.
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Rakotoarivelo, Thierry Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Distributed discovery and management of alternate internet paths with enhanced quality of service." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27316.
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The convergence of recent technology advances opens the way to new ubiquitous environments, where network-enabled devices collectively form invisible pervasive computing and networking environments around the users. These users increasingly require extensive applications and capabilities from these devices. Recent approaches propose that cooperating service providers, at the edge of the network, offer these required capabilities (i.e services), instead of having them directly provided by the devices. Thus, the network evolves from a plain communication medium into an endless source of services. Such a service, namely an overlay application, is composed of multiple distributed application elements, which cooperate via a dynamic communication mesh, namely an overlay association. The Quality of Service (QoS) perceived by the users of an overlay application greatly depends on the QoS on the communication paths of the corresponding overlay association. This thesis asserts and shows that it is possible to provide QoS to an overlay application by using alternate Internet paths resulting from the compositions of independent consecutive paths. Moreover, this thesis also demonstrates that it is possible to discover, select and compose these independent paths in a distributed manner within an community comprising a limited large number of autonomous cooperating peers, such as the fore-mentioned service providers. Thus, the main contributions of this thesis are i) a comprehensive description and QoS characteristic analysis of these composite alternate paths, and ii) an original architecture, termed SPAD (Super-Peer based Alternate path Discovery), which allows the discovery and selection of these alternate paths in a distributed manner. SPAD is a fully distributed system with no single point of failure, which can be easily and incrementally deployed on the current Internet. It empowers the end-users at the edge of the network, allowing them to directly discover and utilize alternate paths.
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Daba, Dieudonne Diba. "Quality Assurance of Intra-oral X-ray Images." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Radiofysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171001.
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Dental radiography is one of the most frequent types of diagnostic radiological investigations performed. The equipment and techniques used are constantly evolving. However, dental healthcare has long been an area neglected by radiation safety legislation and the medical physicist community, and thus, the quality assurance (QA) regime needs an update. This project aimed to implement and evaluate objective tests of key image quality parameters for intra-oral (IO) X-ray images. The image quality parameters assessed were sensitivity, noise, uniformity, low-contrast resolution, and spatial resolution. These parameters were evaluated for repeatability at typical tube current, voltage, and exposure time settings by computing the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mean value of each parameter from multiple images. A further aim was to develop a semi-quantitative test for the correct alignment of the position indicating device (PID) with the primary collimator. The overall purpose of this thesis was to look at ways to improve the QA of IO X-rays systems by digitizing and automating part of the process. A single image receptor and an X-ray tube were used in this study. Incident doses at the receptor were measured using a radiation meter. The relationship between incident dose at the receptor and the output signal was used to determine the signal transfer curve for the receptor. The principal sources of noise in the practical exposure range of the system were investigated using a separation of noise sources based upon variance. The transfer curve of the receptor was found to be linear. Noise separation showed that quantum noise was the dominant noise. Repeatability of the image quality parameters assessed was found to be acceptable. The CV for sensitivity was less than 3%, while that for noise was less than 1%. For the uniformity measured at the center, the CV was less than 10%, while the CV was less than 5% for the uniformity measured at the edge. The low-contrast resolution varied the most at all exposure settings investigated with CV between 6 - 13%. Finally, the CV for the spatial resolution parameters was less than 5%. The method described to test for the correct alignment of the PID with the primary collimator was found to be practical and easy to interpret manually. The tests described here were implemented for a specific sensor and X-ray tube combination, but the methods could easily be adapted for different systems by simply adjusting certain parameters.
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Wu, Lulu. "Virus retentive filter paper for processing of plasma-derived proteins." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nanoteknologi och funktionella material, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419899.
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The studies in the present thesis explored the feasibility of using nanocellulose-based filters in virus removal filtration of plasma-derived proteins. In Paper I, two-step nanofiltration of commercially available human serum albumin (HSA) product, which was diluted to 10 g L-1 by phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and adjusted pH to 7.4, was performed to remove soluble protein aggregates and reduce filter fouling. The two-step filtration of HSA employed nanocellulose-based filters of varying thickness, i.e. 11 μm and 22 μm filters. The removal of HSA aggregates during filtration through 11 μm pre-filters dramatically improves the flow properties of the 22 μm filter, enabling high protein throughput and high virus clearance. A distribution of pore sizes between 50 nm and 80 nm, which is present in the 11 μm filter and is absent in the 22 μm filter, plays a crucial part in removing the HSA aggregates. With respect to virus filtration, 1 bar constant trans-membrane pressure filtration shows poor removal ability of ΦX174 bacteriophage (28 nm), i.e., log10 reduction value (LRV) ≤ 3.75, while that at 3 bar and 5 bar achieves LRV[MOU1] [LW2] > 5 model virus clearance and overall rapid filtration. Removal of protein aggregates during bioprocessing of HSA products is key to improving the filtration flux, which makes it possible to apply virus removal filtration for HSA to ensure its virus safety. In Paper II, nanofiltration of human plasma-derived intravenous immuno-globulin (IVIG) intermediate (11.26 g L-1, pH 4.9) was carried out to demonstrate high product recovery and high model virus clearance. Virus removal filtration of industrial-grade human IVIG was achieved using 33μm filters at both low (60 Lm-2) and high (288 Lm-2) volumetric load. No changes in IVIG structure were detected and high product recovery was recorded. High virus clearance (LRV ≥ 5-6) was achieved for the small-size model viruses (ΦX174 and MS2 bacteriophages) during the load volume of 60 Lm-2. Side-by-side comparisons with commercial virus removal filters suggest that the nanocellulose-based filter paper presents great potential for industrial bioprocessing of plasma-derived IVIG. In Paper III, process analytical technology (PAT) approach was employed to identify the critical filter parameters, e.g. thickness, basis weight, pore size, and flux, affecting model virus removal efficiency using filters produced by different hot presses. The quality parameters were analyzed with ANOVA and Shewhart charts. Compared with other studied parameters, the hydraulic flux appears as the most relevant final product quality attribute of the nanocellulose-based filter paper to reflect the virus removal efficiency. In particular, a 15% higher flux may be associated with a 0.5-1.0 log10 reduced virus clearance (p=0.007). The results are highlight the importance of continued systematic studies in quality assurance using statistical process control tools [MOU1]Define LRV [LW2]Defined in the line above
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Santos, Suzy Sviech dos [UNESP]. "Investigação da presença e da formação de biofilmes por estafilococos em micro-usina de beneficiamento de leite." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94659.
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santos_ss_me_jabo.pdf: 560994 bytes, checksum: b6007a23b1c54664298b50a409bb2bc6 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O leite é um alimento altamente nutritivo e excelente substrato para a multiplicação de microrganismos. Os estafilococos estão entre os principais contaminantes do leite, seja em decorrência da mastite ou de falhas de higienização. A contaminação do leite pode favorecer a adesão bacteriana sobre superfícies com a formação de biofilmes, cujos fragmentos podem se desprender e contaminar o produto durante o processo de beneficiamento, o que representa um risco à saúde do consumidor. Tendo isto em foco, objetivou-se o presente estudo, em uma micro-usina do Estado de São Paulo, a fim de investigar a presença e formação de biofilme por Staphylococcus spp, antes e após o processo de higienização. Colheu-se o total de 60 amostras por meio de suabes, antes e após o processo de higienização, das superfícies do tanque de recepção, do tanque de estocagem de leite cru, da tubulação de saída do pasteurizador, do tanque de estocagem de leite pasteurizado, e da tubulação da máquina de envase. Foram colhidas, ainda, amostras de leite no tanque de recepção, no tanque de estocagem de leite cru, na tubulação de saída do pasteurizador e amostras de leite envasado, assim como das embalagens plásticas vedadas e vazias, utilizadas para o envase do leite pasteurizado. Dentre 41 estirpes de Staphylococcus spp isoladas, 16 (39,0%) mostraram-se positivas na prova da coagulase, enquanto que 25 (61,0%) foram negativas. Por meio de análise genotípica, com a técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), pode-se observar que, dentre as 16 estirpes coagulase positivas, quatro (25%) apresentavam o gene icaA e 16 (100%) possuíam o gene icaD. Dentre as 25 estirpes coagulase negativas, 11 (44%) possuíam o gene icaA e 25 (100%) possuíam o gene icaD. Visualizou-se, por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura...
Milk is a highly nutritious food and excellent substrate for the multiplication of microorganisms. Staphylococci are one of the major contaminants of milk whether due to mastitis or hygiene failures in cleaning. Milk contamination may encourage bacterial adherence on surfaces with the formation of biofilms, whose fragments can detach and contaminate the product during beneficial processing, which represents a health risk to the consumers. With this in focus as the objective of this present study, to investigate the presence and formation of biofilm of Staphylococcus spp before and after the cleaning process in a micro-dairy plant in São Paulo State. A total of 60 swab samples were collected before and after the cleaning process from the reception tank surfaces, the raw milk storage tank storage, the pasteurizer outlet pipe, the pasteurized milk storage tank, and the filling machine. Further samples were collected of the milk in the receiving tank, the raw milk storage tank, from the pasteurizer outlet pipe, and packaged milk, as well as the empty sealed plastic packaging used for packaging the pasteurized milk. Of the 41 strains of isolated Staphylococcus spp, 16 (39.0%) indicated positive in the coagulase test, while 25 (61.0%) were negative. Through genetic analysis, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, it was observed that within the 16 strains of coagulase-positive, four (25%) presented the gene icaA and 16 (100%) had the gene icaD. Of the 25 strains of coagulase-negative, 11 (44%) had the gene icaA and 25 (100%) had the gene icaD. It was seen using a scanning electron microscope the start of bacteria adhesion and the formation of biofilm for all the isolated strains. From the obtained results it was possible to see evidence to the potential risk to the health of the consumer represented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ndou, Khangale Seth. "Marketing of agricultural produce with particular reference to vegetables:the case of small-scale farmers in the Northern Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2104.
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TAIPINA, MAGDA S. "Efeito da radiacao gama sobre o conteudo de tocoferois em produtos naturais e industrializados e avaliacao sensorial." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9381.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Dargie, Waltenegus. "Impact of Random Deployment on Operation and Data Quality of Sensor Networks." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-32911.
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Several applications have been proposed for wireless sensor networks, including habitat monitoring, structural health monitoring, pipeline monitoring, and precision agriculture. Among the desirable features of wireless sensor networks, one is the ease of deployment. Since the nodes are capable of self-organization, they can be placed easily in areas that are otherwise inaccessible to or impractical for other types of sensing systems. In fact, some have proposed the deployment of wireless sensor networks by dropping nodes from a plane, delivering them in an artillery shell, or launching them via a catapult from onboard a ship.
There are also reports of actual aerial deployments, for example the one carried out using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at a Marine Corps combat centre in California -- the nodes were able to establish a time-synchronized, multi-hop communication network for tracking vehicles that passed along a dirt road. While this has a practical relevance for some civil applications (such as rescue operations), a more realistic deployment involves the careful planning and placement of sensors. Even then, nodes may not be placed optimally to ensure that the network is fully connected and high-quality data pertaining to the phenomena being monitored can be extracted from the network. This work aims to address the problem of random deployment through two complementary approaches:
The first approach aims to address the problem of random deployment from a communication perspective. It begins by establishing a comprehensive mathematical model to quantify the energy cost of various concerns of a fully operational wireless sensor network. Based on the analytic model, an energy-efficient topology control protocol is developed. The protocol sets eligibility metric to establish and maintain a multi-hop communication path and to ensure that all nodes exhaust their energy in a uniform manner. The second approach focuses on addressing the problem of imperfect sensing from a signal processing perspective. It investigates the impact of deployment errors (calibration, placement, and orientation errors) on the quality of the sensed data and attempts to identify robust and error-agnostic features. If random placement is unavoidable and dense deployment cannot be supported, robust and error-agnostic features enable one to recognize interesting events from erroneous or imperfect data.
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Haskins, Bertram Peter. "A feasibility study on the use of agent-based image recognition on a desktop computer for the purpose of quality control in a production environment." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/66.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006A multi-threaded, multi-agent image recognition software application called RecMaster has been developed specifically for the purpose of quality control in a production environment. This entails using the system as a monitor to identify invalid objects moving on a conveyor belt and to pass on the relevant information to an attached device, such as a robotic arm, which will remove the invalid object. The main purpose of developing this system was to prove that a desktop computer could run an image recognition system efficiently, without the need for high-end, high-cost, specialised computer hardware. The programme operates by assigning each agent a task in the recognition process and then waiting for resources to become available. Tasks related to edge detection, colour inversion, image binarisation and perimeter determination were assigned to individual agents. Each agent is loaded onto its own processing thread, with some of the agents delegating their subtasks to other processing threads. This enables the application to utilise the available system resources more efficiently. The application is very limited in its scope, as it requires a uniform image background as well as little to no variance in camera zoom levels and object to lens distance. This study focused solely on the development of the application software, and not on the setting up of the actual imaging hardware. The imaging device, on which the system was tested, was a web cam capable of a 640 x 480 resolution. As such, all image capture and processing was done on images with a horizontal resolution of 640 pixels and a vertical resolution of 480 pixels, so as not to distort image quality. The application locates objects on an image feed - which can be in the format of a still image, a video file or a camera feed - and compares these objects to a model of the object that was created previously. The coordinates of the object are calculated and translated into coordinates on the conveyor system. These coordinates are then passed on to an external recipient, such as a robotic arm, via a serial link. The system has been applied to the model of a DVD, and tested against a variety of similar and dissimilar objects to determine its accuracy. The tests were run on both an AMD- and Intel-based desktop computer system, with the results indicating that both systems are capable of efficiently running the application. On average, the AMD-based system tended to be 81% faster at matching objects in still images, and 100% faster at matching objects in moving images. The system made matches within an average time frame of 250 ms, making the process fast enough to be used on an actual conveyor system. On still images, the results showed an 87% success rate for the AMD-based system, and 73% for Intel. For moving images, however, both systems showed a 100% success rate.
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Domene, Maria Paula. "Avaliação de unidade de beneficiamento de milho (Zea mays L.) e diretrizes para implantação de sistema de gestão da qualidade." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256901.
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Orientadores: João Domingos Biagi, Benedito Carlos BenedettiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: As indústrias de sementes e alimentícias têm sofrido pressões do mercado para produção de matéria-prima segura em relação às contaminações físicas, químicas e biológicas. Um caminho inverso começa a ser percorrido, no qual se tira o foco apenas do controle da qualidade do produto final, iniciando-se o rastreamento de toda a cadeia produtiva, para que os processos possam ser controlados e medidas preventivas possam ser tomadas para melhoria da qualidade e diminuição dos prejuízos. Este modelo exige que normas e padrões sejam seguidos a fim de assegurar a inocuidade dos alimentos. Contudo, estas normas são eficientes quando utilizadas em sistemas que tenham algum nível de organização, mas o que se observa é que os produtores rurais não dominam as ferramentas gerenciais comprometendo o controle da qualidade. Um fator que é observado dentro de unidades de beneficiamento (UB) de grãos e de sementes é a variabilidade do produto recebido, em relação aos aspectos físicos e sanitários. Assim, com a finalidade de avaliar o processo de beneficiamento de milho, adequando-se ainda mais às exigências do mercado consumidor e da legislação, foi desenvolvido este trabalho conjunto entre a COPLACANA (Cooperativa dos Plantadores de Cana do Estado de São Paulo), sediada no município de Piracicaba-SP, FEAGRI/UNICAMP, ESALQ/USP e CATI. Foram realizados levantamentos para determinação dos pontos críticos de controle (PCCs) através da avaliação do sistema de beneficiamento de grãos de milho da UB da COPLACANA. Ao final do levantamento, foi observada a variabilidade do material recebido quanto aos grãos avariados e, baseado nesta variabilidade da matéria-prima, testou-se se as sujidades influenciariam nas propriedades físicas dos grãos. Buscando alternativas seguras na manipulação e para o meio ambiente, foi testado o efeito de óleos essenciais de espécies de Eucalyptus citriodora, E.camaldulensis e o efeito sinérgico na germinação de sementes. Ao final da pesquisa, foram determinados quatro pontos críticos de controle principais que deveriam ser trabalhados, sendo eles recepção, limpeza, secagem e armazenagem; já os pontos críticos de controle em relação à infraestrutura, ambiental e capacitação, são complementares. O grau de umidade dos grãos recebidos na UB apresentou umidade média de 18,5%, sendo o mês de fevereiro o mais crítico, o que pode ter influenciado na qualidade dos grãos em relação a grãos ardidos. O monitoramento nas fases de pré-colheita e colheita é recomendado para minimizar os danos imediatos e de ardidos nos grãos. Em relação às propriedades físicas, as porcentagens de sujidades influenciaram nos valores da massa aparente específica, velocidade terminal e o coeficiente de atrito para a chapa de concreto. O óleo essencial de Eucaliptus camaldulensis e sua interação com o óleo essencial de Eucaliptus citriodora não influenciaram negativamente na germinação das sementes. Os fungos Penicillium spp e Fusarium sp. Foram controlados pelos óleos essenciais de E. camaldulensis e E. citriodora
Abstract: The seed and food industries have suffered from market pressures to produce safe raw material in relation to physical contamination, chemical and biological weapons. A reverse path starts to go, in which it takes the focus only on the quality control of the final product, starting tracking the entire production chain, so that processes can be monitored and preventive measures can be taken to improve quality and reduction of losses. This model requires that rules and standards are followed to ensure food safety. However, these Standards are effective when used in systems that have some level of organization, but what is observed is that farmers do not dominate the managerial tools compromising quality control. One factor that is observed within processing units (UB) of grains and seeds is the variability of the product received in the physical aspects and health. Thus, in order to evaluate the process of maize improvement, adapting to the demands of even the consumer market and the legislation was developed this collaborative effort between the COPLACANA (Cane Growers Cooperative of State of São Paulo) based in Piracicaba- SP, FEAGRI /UNICAMP, ESALQ / USP and CATI. We raised the critical control points by evaluating the system of processing of corn from the UB COPLACANA. At the end of the survey, we observed the variability of the material received regarding damaged grains and decided to check the influence of dirt on the physical properties of the grains. Seeking alternatives for safe handling and the environment, it was decided to test the effect of essential oils of species of Eucalyptus citriodora, E.camaldulensis and synergistic effect on seed germination. At the end of the study, we determined four main critical control points that should be worked while they were receiving, cleaning, drying and storage, as the critical control points in relation to infrastructure, environmental and training are complementary. The moisture content of grain received at UB had average humidity of 18,5%, being the month February the most critical, which may have influenced the quality of grains for burning grains. The monitoring in the pre-harvest and harvest is recommended to minimize the immediate damage and rot in the grains. Regarding physical properties, the percentages of dirt influenced by the values of apparent specific mass, terminal velocity and the coefficient of friction for the concrete plate. The essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and this interaction with essential oil of Euclyptus citriodora had no effect germination. Penicillium spp and Fusarium sp were controlled by the essential oils of E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora
Doutorado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Santos, Suzy Sviech dos. "Investigação da presença e da formação de biofilmes por estafilococos em micro-usina de beneficiamento de leite /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94659.
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Orientador: Antonio Nader FilhoBanca: Angela Cleusa de Fatima Banzatto de Carvalho
Banca: Luiz Francisco Zafalon
Resumo: O leite é um alimento altamente nutritivo e excelente substrato para a multiplicação de microrganismos. Os estafilococos estão entre os principais contaminantes do leite, seja em decorrência da mastite ou de falhas de higienização. A contaminação do leite pode favorecer a adesão bacteriana sobre superfícies com a formação de biofilmes, cujos fragmentos podem se desprender e contaminar o produto durante o processo de beneficiamento, o que representa um risco à saúde do consumidor. Tendo isto em foco, objetivou-se o presente estudo, em uma micro-usina do Estado de São Paulo, a fim de investigar a presença e formação de biofilme por Staphylococcus spp, antes e após o processo de higienização. Colheu-se o total de 60 amostras por meio de suabes, antes e após o processo de higienização, das superfícies do tanque de recepção, do tanque de estocagem de leite cru, da tubulação de saída do pasteurizador, do tanque de estocagem de leite pasteurizado, e da tubulação da máquina de envase. Foram colhidas, ainda, amostras de leite no tanque de recepção, no tanque de estocagem de leite cru, na tubulação de saída do pasteurizador e amostras de leite envasado, assim como das embalagens plásticas vedadas e vazias, utilizadas para o envase do leite pasteurizado. Dentre 41 estirpes de Staphylococcus spp isoladas, 16 (39,0%) mostraram-se positivas na prova da coagulase, enquanto que 25 (61,0%) foram negativas. Por meio de análise genotípica, com a técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), pode-se observar que, dentre as 16 estirpes coagulase positivas, quatro (25%) apresentavam o gene icaA e 16 (100%) possuíam o gene icaD. Dentre as 25 estirpes coagulase negativas, 11 (44%) possuíam o gene icaA e 25 (100%) possuíam o gene icaD. Visualizou-se, por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Milk is a highly nutritious food and excellent substrate for the multiplication of microorganisms. Staphylococci are one of the major contaminants of milk whether due to mastitis or hygiene failures in cleaning. Milk contamination may encourage bacterial adherence on surfaces with the formation of biofilms, whose fragments can detach and contaminate the product during beneficial processing, which represents a health risk to the consumers. With this in focus as the objective of this present study, to investigate the presence and formation of biofilm of Staphylococcus spp before and after the cleaning process in a micro-dairy plant in São Paulo State. A total of 60 swab samples were collected before and after the cleaning process from the reception tank surfaces, the raw milk storage tank storage, the pasteurizer outlet pipe, the pasteurized milk storage tank, and the filling machine. Further samples were collected of the milk in the receiving tank, the raw milk storage tank, from the pasteurizer outlet pipe, and packaged milk, as well as the empty sealed plastic packaging used for packaging the pasteurized milk. Of the 41 strains of isolated Staphylococcus spp, 16 (39.0%) indicated positive in the coagulase test, while 25 (61.0%) were negative. Through genetic analysis, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, it was observed that within the 16 strains of coagulase-positive, four (25%) presented the gene icaA and 16 (100%) had the gene icaD. Of the 25 strains of coagulase-negative, 11 (44%) had the gene icaA and 25 (100%) had the gene icaD. It was seen using a scanning electron microscope the start of bacteria adhesion and the formation of biofilm for all the isolated strains. From the obtained results it was possible to see evidence to the potential risk to the health of the consumer represented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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ALCANTARA, MARCELA C. "Avaliacao dos criterios de qualidade de imagem e estudo das doses em um departamento de mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9470.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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SCHOUERI, ROBERTO M. "Projeto e implementação do equipamento para tomografia com nêutrons do IPEN-CNEN/SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26383.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:49:00Z
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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KUAHARA, LILIAN T. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de calibração "in situ" de medidores de atividade." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28048.
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O desempenho de uma prática segura e eficiente de um serviço de medicina nuclear depende, entre outros fatores, de um programa de controle de qualidade completo, principalmente em se tratando dos instrumentos medidores de atividade dos radionuclídeos, os ativímetros. Um programa de controle de qualidade completo deve incluir a calibração de todos os instrumentos de medição utilizados no procedimento. No entanto, no Brasil, a atual norma que estabelece os requisitos de proteção radiológica para serviços de medicina nuclear (SMN), não inclui, ainda, a calibração do ativímetro. Considerando que estes instrumentos, por diversas razões, são de difícil remoção para envio a um serviço de calibração, o propósito deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia de calibração de medidores de atividades que possa ser aplicada \"in situ\", para o principal radiofármaco utilizado atualmente, o 99mTc. Foram definidos os parâmetros de influência que devem ser levados em conta durante a calibração, assim como uma logística de transporte dos radiofármacos. Um programa de controle de qualidade foi aplicado aos ativímetros do Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumento (LCI). Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas três metodologias diferentes de calibração, considerando a logística disponível e também a origem da fonte de referência. Na primeira metodologia poderá ser aplicada nos casos em que o LCI envia uma fonte de referência ao SMN. Na segunda o SMN envia uma fonte previamente medida ao LCI que determinará sua atividade real. A terceira metodologia foi aplicada para calibração dos ativímetros pertencentes ao setor de produção de radiofármacos do IPEN. Neste caso a fonte de referência foi enviada ao LCI após uma medição prévia pelo setor de produção. Foi possível aplicar as metodologias em alguns instrumentos pertencentes a clínicas e ao setor de produção. Em todos eles foram encontrados coeficientes de calibração diferentes entre si. A maior variação encontrada foi de 5%, indicando que a medição com este ativímetro está menor em 5% do que é necessário aplicar no paciente. Verificou-se que a troca de recipientes deixa um resíduo que não tem sido considerado nas medições clínicas, podendo acrescentar uma diferença de até 3% nas medições.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Martini, Silvano. "Návrh uživatelsky přizpůsobitelného automatizovaného systému vizuální kontroly kvality pro montážní linky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320111.
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The diploma thesis deals with the problematics of machine vision. The research is devoted to description of the machine vision system hardware and software components. In practical part is described design and realization of the software, which allows several tasks of machine vision to be performed at the same time.
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Ferrero, Francis. "La qualité physicochimique du lactosérum réceptionné à l'usine de transformation et ses répercussions sur les technologies avales." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10431.
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Une des particularités de l'industrie de transformation du lactosérum est la grande hétérogénéité de ses matières premières. Cette étude fait d'abord le point sur la qualité des lactosérums réceptionnés à l'usine de transformation. La mise au point de tests simples et rapides de caractérisation des lactosérums permet de montrer que la préconcentration du lactosérum avant son transport vers l'usine ne garantit pas de l'insolubilisation minérale. Elle permet également de suivre le comportement du produit en cours de fabrication: les technologies employées conduisent à une dénaturation des protéines, à une insolubilisation minérale importante, voire même à une agrégation des protéines par interactions avec les minéraux. Il s'en suit une maitrise difficile des procédés de fabrication. Des méthodes de prétraitement de la matière première et des modifications des installations de concentration du lactosérum et de cristallisation du lactose sont alors proposées
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Nduku, Nyaniso Prudent. "Development of methods for distribution network power quality variation monitoring." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1144.
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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009The purpose of this project is to develop methods for distribution network power quality' variations monitoring. Power quality (PO) has become a significant issue for both power suppliers and customers. There have been important changes in power system regarding to power quality requirements. "Power quality" is the combination at voltage quality and current quality. The main research problem of the project is to investigate the power quality of a distribution network by selection of proper measurement, applying and developing the existing classic and modern signal conditioning methods for power disturbance's parameters extracting and monitoring. The research objectives are: To study the standard lEC 61000-4-30 requirements. to investigate the common couplings in the distribution network. To identity the points for measurement, to develop MySQL database for the data from the measurement and to develop MATLAB software tor simulation of the network To develop methods based on Fourier transforms for estimation of the parameters of the disturbances. To develop software for the methods implementation, The influence of different loads on power quality disturbances are considered in the distribution network. Points on the network and meters according to the lEC power quality standards are investigated and applied for the CPUT Bellville campus distribution network. The implementation of the power quality monitoring for the CPUT Bellville campus helps the quality of power supply to be improved and the used power to be reduced. MATLAB programs to communicate with the database and calculate the disturbances and power quality parameters are developed.
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Savay-da-Silva, Luciana Kimie. "Desenvolvimento do produto de conveniência: tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) refrigerada minimamente processada embalada a vácuo - padronização para a rastreabilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-13102009-161544/.
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Atualmente, o consumidor está cada vez mais exigente. Além de procurar por produtos que tenham qualidade e conveniência, quer alimentos que sejam seguros do ponto de vista microbiológico e sanitário. Uma alternativa são produtos minimamente processados, que têm valor agregado, são atrativos ao consumidor, e por conseqüência, aumentam o lucro do produtor (e/ou intermediários), além de satisfazerem os desejos do consumidor de adquirir um produto de fácil e rápido preparo e que também apresente inocuidade, sendo que esta última poderia ser garantida por um certificado de rastreabilidade de toda cadeia produtiva do produto. Um sistema informatizado de rastreabilidade para um produto do pescado brasileiro, além de ser uma ferramenta de extrema necessidade, é uma inovação tecnológica, visto que poucos países no mundo avançam nesta direção. A rastreabilidade dos alimentos se apresenta de forma essencial e inevitável, como conseqüência de uma série de incidentes relacionados a segurança alimentar, ocorridas pelo mundo todo, durante os quais, os sistemas de informação disponíveis mostraramse inadequados, ausentes, demorados ou incapazes de assegurar aos consumidores a inocuidade dos produtos. Fica evidente, portanto, que o esforço conjunto dos setores produtivos e do governo para implementar e viabilizar o processo de rastreabilidade é um passo fundamental para garantir ao Brasil uma posição de destaque no cenário internacional do agronegócio. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo oferecer subsídios para tornar viável o desenvolvimento de um sistema informatizado de rastreabilidade aplicado à cadeia de produção de tilápia minimamente processada. Sendo assim, pretendeu-se padronizar o produto e o processo de obtenção de filés de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) minimamente processados refrigerados e embalados a vácuo. Para tal, fez-se necessário: determinar as etapas de produção, através do aferimento de todas as etapas envolvidas na cadeia produtiva; e protocolar um padrão de identidade e qualidade para este produto advindo da piscicultura. Esses dados poderão fornecer os parâmetros para possibilitar, em pesquisas futuras, a rastreabilidade do produto, partindo da qualidade da matéria-prima até o alimento embalado para consumo. Este trabalho integra um conjunto de 5 (cinco) subprojetos que compõem o projeto: Rastreabilidade da cadeia produtiva de pescado cultivado tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), financiado pela FINEP/FUSP, sob o edital Aqüicultura Ação transversal 12/2005.Currently, the consumer is increasingly demanding. In addition to searching for products with quality and convenience, they search products with standards of hygiene and microbiology. An alternative in the segment of convenient foods is fish minimally processed, which have value added, are attractive to consumers, and consequently, increase the profit of the producer (and/or intermediaries), in addition to meeting the desires of the consumer to purchase a product for easy and fast preparation and also provide safety, and that it could be guaranteed by a certificate of traceability throughout the production chain of the product. A system of traceability for a product of Brazilian fish, besides being a tool of extreme need, is a technological innovation, since few countries in the world are moving towards this direction. The traceability of food is so essential and inevitable, as a result of a series of food safety incidents that occurred throughout the world during which, the information systems available have proved inadequate, absent, or unable to provide lengthy to the safety of consumer products. Therefore, it is evident that mutual efforts from both the government and producers to implement and make a traceability process viable are a critical step forward to grant Brazil a position of reference in the agribusiness international scenario. Thus, the present research aimed to offer basis to provide viability for the development of a computerized traceability process applied to the production chain of tilapia minimally processed. This way, it is aimed to standardize the product and the process to obtain the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) minimally processed. To do so, it is needed to: determine the phases of production, through the improvement of all steps involved in the production chain and establish quality and identification standards for the product deriving from fish farming. These data may provide the parameters to allow, in future research, the traceability of the product, starting from the raw material to the end wrapped product, including product labeling and also the possible ways to locate its paths along the distribution chain. This plan is part of 5(five) sub-projects which comprise the whole project: Traceability of production chain of farmed fish tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), sponsored by FINEP/MCT/SEAP edital aquaculture Ação Transversal 12/2005.
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Wallin, Marcus. "Robotic Illustration." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141680.
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Detta projekt åsyftade att möjliggöra för en industrirobot att illustrera godtyckliga digitalabilder på en plan yta. Detta uppnåddes genom att utrusta en manipulator med ett ritverktyg. Genom digital bildbehandling så kunde rörelsemönster genereras vilka matades till industriroboten för att den skulle kunna återskapa den digitala versionen. Roboten ritar med en teknik benämnd pointillism som innebär att endast punkter plottas. Resultatet blir en konkret svartvit representation av originalbilden. Projektet genomfördes på institutionen Industriell Produktion på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Projektet är i sin natur väldigt inriktat på forskning och utveckling eftersom det går ut på skapandet av en teknik för att uppnå ett tydligt mål. Kontinuerlig utveckling var kopplat till målet för att förbättra resultatet från olika aspekter.This project strived to enable an industrial robot to illustrate arbitrary digitized images on a planar surface. This was accomplished by equipping a robotic manipulator with a drawing utensil. Motion patterns were generated based on digital image processing and fed to the robot for it to imitate the digital version. The robot prints with a technique called pointillism, which implies that solely points are plotted. The result is a tangible black and white representation of the original image. The project was carried out in the Production Engineering facilities at the Royal Institute of Technology. The nature of the project is very research and development oriented as it deals with the creation of a technology to achieve an explicit goal. Continuous development was related to the goal to improve the result from different aspects.
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Cancelliero, Ana Carolina. "Detecção da origem das matérias graxas presentes em requeijões e similares encontrados no mercado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-22112007-103737/.
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O objetivo desse estudo foi validar a aplicação da metodologia isotópica de identificação da origem dos gliceróis em gorduras presentes em requeijões e especialidades lácteas com o intuito de oferecer uma ferramenta de controle de qualidade, de fiscalização de mercado e detecção de fraudes. Para atingir esse objetivo, isolou-se o glicerol de compostos lácteos como requeijões, especialidades lácteas, leite e óleos vegetais (empregados como padrões de origem animal e vegetal, respectivamente) e aplicou-se a metodologia isotópica. O glicerol foi isolado através da centrifugação. Foram analisadas todas as marcas de requeijões e similares (28 marcas) disponíveis nos supermercados da cidade de Piracicaba, e depois, agrupadas conforme sua identificação: requeijão cremoso, especialidade láctea com requeijão cremoso, alimento à base de requeijão e creme vegetal, requeijão cremoso com amido e não identificado. Do total, cinco marcas apresentaram resultados com diferença significativa (p<0,05) quando comparados ao controle (padrão animal leite). A metodologia isotópica permitiu identificar a origem do material analisado e detectar alterações nos padrões. Comprovou-se a eficácia da metodologia isotópica na identificação da origem da matéria graxa de requeijões e a aplicabilidade da técnica no controle de qualidade de lácteos, auxiliando tanto no recebimento de matéria-prima como de produto final.The objective of this study was to validate the application of the isotopic methodology of identification of glycerol origin in the fat fraction of "requeijões" (Brazilian soft cheeses) and similar products aiming at the identification of a quality control instrument for market fiscalization and fraud detection. In order to pursue the specific objectives of this study, the glycerol was isolated from spreadable dairy products such as "requeijões" and others. Cow's milk and vegetable oils of known origins were adopted as standards. The isotopic methodology was applied to identify the origin of the carbon present in the glycerol molecule of the fats present in those foods. Glycerol was isolated according to a conventional based on centrifugation. Twenty-eight commercial brands of "requeijões" available in the supermarkets of Piracicaba city were classified according to the information provided in the lables and analyzed. Out of the total, 5 brands were significantly different (p<0,05) when compared to the control (animal pattern - milk), indicating absence of the milk fat in the formulation. The isotopic methodology allowed to identify the origin of the analyzed material and to detect alterations in the patterns. The effectiveness of the isotopic methodology in the identification of origin of the lipid constituents of "requeijão" was proven as well as the applicability of the technique in dairy industry quality control, both in the final product as well as in process supplies.
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Drumond, Luiz Fernando. "Avaliação do kerma no ar na entrada da pele e da qualidade da imagem em radiografias de tórax de pequenos animais com sistemas de imagens convencional e digital." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/446.
Full textAbstract:
Os animais que são submetidos a radiação ionizante tem maior risco de indução ao câncer, catarata, fibrose e encurtamento do tempo de vida Poucos estudos foram realizados comparando os novos sistemas de detecção de raios X digital portátil com imagens radiográficas convencionais. O objetivo desse estudo é comparar os sistemas de detecção digital e convencional quanto ao valor do Kerma no ar na entrada da pele (ESAK) do animal e a imagem radiográfica de tórax. Foram realizados exames radiográficos rotineiros em 43 animais no sistema convencional e 43 no sistema digital. Inicialmente foi realizada uma avaliação do equipamento de raios X e posteriormente avaliou-se o ESAK dos animais através de dosimetros termoluminescentes e pelo método do rendimento do aparelho. Foi feita uma análise subjetiva da qualidade da imagem em radiografia de tórax. O aparelho foi considerado adequado após ser submetido aos testes de qualidade. Os exames radiográficos de diversas regiões apresentaram o ESAK 40% superior no sistema digital quando comparado ao analógico. Uma diferença significativa foi observada nos exames radiográficos de coluna e de Tórax. Nos exames torácicos a diferença do ESAK entre os sistemas fica estável com o aumento da tensão no aparelho, já quando se aumenta a miliamperagem a diferença entre eles também aumenta. As radiografias torácicas avaliadas, segundo análise subjetiva da qualidade da imagem obtiveram melhor qualidade utilizando o sistema digital, porém com um ESAK maior que o convencional.The animals that are subjected to ionizing radiation have a higher risk of effects such as induction of cancer, cataracts, fibrosis and shortening of life span. Few studies have been conducted comparing the new detection systems of portable digital x-rays and conventional radiographic images. The purpose of this study is to compare the detection systems regarding the entrance surface air Kerma rate in skin (ESAK). Routine radiographic examinations were performed on 43 animals in the conventional system and 43 in the digital system. Initially performed an evaluation of x-ray equipment and subsequently it was evaluated the ESAK through thermoluminescent dosimeters and the tube output. A subjective analysis of the image quality in chest radiography was made. The device was considered adequate after being subjected to quality tests. Radiography showed several types of incidences with ESAK values 40% higher than the digital system compared to conventional. Significant difference was observed in radiographs of the spine and thorax. In the thoracic examination ESAK difference between the systems is stable with increasing voltage in the device. With increasing milliamperage the difference between them increases. Thoracic radiographs evaluated according to subjective analysis of image quality obtained using the best quality digital system, but with a greater digital ESAK than for conventional systems.