Academic literature on the topic 'Dairy processing Cleaning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dairy processing Cleaning"
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Austin, John W., and Gilles Bergeron. "Development of bacterial biofilms in dairy processing lines." Journal of Dairy Research 62, no. 3 (August 1995): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900031204.
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SummaryAdherence of bacteria to various milk contact sites was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. New gaskets, endcaps, vacuum breaker plugs and pipeline inserts were installed in different areas in lines carrying either raw or pasteurized milk, and a routine schedule of cleaning-in-place and sanitizing was followed. Removed cleaned and sanitized gaskets were processed for scanning or transmission electron microscopy. Adherent bacteria were observed on the sides of gaskets removed from both pasteurized and raw milk lines. Some areas of Buna-n gaskets were colonized with a confluent layer of bacterial cells surrounded by an extensive amorphous matrix, while other areas of Buna-n gaskets showed a diffuse adherence over large areas of the surface. Most of the bacteria attached to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon™) gaskets were found in crevices created by insertion of the gasket into the pipeline. Examination of stainless steel endcaps, pipeline inserts, and PTFE vacuum breaker plugs did not reveal the presence of adherent bacteria. The results of this study indicate that biofilms developed on the sides of gaskets in spite of cleaning-in-place procedures. These biofilms may be a source of post-pasteurization contamination.
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Alalam, Sabine, Farah Ben-Souilah, Marie-Hélène Lessard, Julien Chamberland, Véronique Perreault, Yves Pouliot, Steve Labrie, and Alain Doyen. "Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters." Dairy 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020016.
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The dairy industry produces large amounts of wastewater, including white and cleaning wastewater originating principally from rinsing and cleaning-in-place procedures. Their valorization into process water and non-fat milk solids, in the case of white wastewater, or the renewal of cleaning solutions could be achieved using pressure-driven membrane processes. However, it is crucial to determine the intrinsic characteristics of wastewaters, such as proximate composition and bacterial composition, to optimize their potential for valorization. Consequently, white and cleaning wastewaters were sampled from industrial-scale pasteurizers located in two different Canadian dairy processing plants. Bacterial profiles of dairy wastewaters were compared to those of tap waters, pasteurized skim milk and unused cleaning solutions. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics as well as non-fat milk solids contents differed drastically between the two dairy plants due to different processing conditions. A molecular approach combining quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and metabarcoding was used to characterize the bacteria present in these solutions. The cleaning solutions did not contain sufficient genomic DNA for sequencing. In white wastewater, the bacterial contamination differed depending on the dairy plant (6.91 and 7.21 log10 16S gene copies/mL). Psychrotrophic Psychrobacter genus (50%) dominated white wastewater from plant A, whereas thermophilic Anoxybacillus genus (56%) was predominant in plant B wastewater. The use of cold or warm temperatures during the pasteurizer rinsing step in each dairy plant might explain this difference. The detailed characterization of dairy wastewaters described in this study is important for the dairy sector to clearly identify the challenges in implementing strategies for wastewater valorization.
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GREENE, ANNEL K., THOMAS G. REYNOLDS, and EMILY M. SOUTHERLAND. "Sanitary Evaluation of Target Flowmeter Used in a Dairy Processing Plant." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 966–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.12.966.
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A target flowmeter, used to measure raw milk flow, was examined for sanitary conditions in a university dairy plant 10 times over a period of eight weeks. The flowmeter connection was swabbed at four different locations along the dairy plant connection at four different times during the work day: i) after chlorine sanitization, before product; ii) after product, before cleaning in place (CIP); iii) after CIP, before acid sanitization; and iv) after acid sanitization, at end of day. Samples were plated in duplicate on standard plate count agar and on violet red bile agar. After routine CIP cleaning and sanitization procedures, bacterial counts were low. Additionally, no finished product contamination problems were detected over the 7 months of flowmeter use as shown by routine quality control tests on pasteurized milk which had flowed past the in-line meter as raw milk. These results indicate that normal cleaning and sanitization procedures were adequate for the in-line flowmeter.
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Baskaran, K., L. M. Palmowski, and B. M. Watson. "Wastewater reuse and treatment options for the dairy industry." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Milk-processing plants generate significant quantities of wastewater with relatively high organic matter concentrations on a daily basis. In addition to environmental damage that can result from the discharge of these wastewaters into the natural waterways, the presence of products such as milk solids into wastewater streams represents a loss of valuable product for the plants. This paper presents a review of wastewater management practices employed by six milk-processing plants in Victoria, Australia. In all six plants investigated, milk powder represents a major product. During the milk powder production, water is evaporated, condensed and can be reused for various purposes with a significant impact on water usage. Other major products are anhydrous milk fat, cheese, butter, and UHT milk. The effectiveness of the practices was assessed through two main criteria: first through the water to milk intake ratio, and the waste volume coefficient. Both parameters characterise the plant efficiency in regard of water consumption and water reuse. Information on cleaning chemical usage and recovery was also assessed as part of the review. Significant discrepancies emerge between the plants first due to the products manufactured and water reuse possibilities available in each plant. Second the type of treatment technologies used for condensate and cleaning solution influences the figures. One of the investigated plants is almost self-sufficient for water, emphasising the benefits gained from the use of technologies like membrane separations for condensate and cleaning solution treatment. In some cases, less cost-intensive technologies such as a clarifier are successful to improve cleaning agent recovery.
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Ostrov, Ievgeniia, Tali Paz, and Moshe Shemesh. "Robust Biofilm-Forming Bacillus Isolates from the Dairy Environment Demonstrate an Enhanced Resistance to Cleaning-in-Place Procedures." Foods 8, no. 4 (April 20, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8040134.
Full textAbstract:
One of the main strategies for maintaining the optimal hygiene level in dairy processing facilities is regular cleaning and disinfection, which is incorporated in the cleaning-in-place (CIP) regimes. However, a frail point of the CIP procedures is their variable efficiency in eliminating biofilm bacteria. In the present study, we evaluated the susceptibility of strong biofilm-forming dairy Bacillus isolates to industrial cleaning procedures using two differently designed model systems. According to our results, the dairy-associated Bacillus isolates demonstrate a higher resistance to CIP procedures, compared to the non-dairy strain of B. subtilis. Notably, the tested dairy isolates are highly persistent to different parameters of the CIP operations, including the turbulent flow of liquid (up to 1 log), as well as the cleaning and disinfecting effects of commercial detergents (up to 2.3 log). Moreover, our observations indicate an enhanced resistance of poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA)-overproducing B. subtilis, which produces high amounts of proteinaceous extracellular matrix, to the CIP procedures (about 0.7 log, compared to the wild-type non-dairy strain of B. subtilis). We therefore suggest that the enhanced resistance to the CIP procedures by the dairy Bacillus isolates can be attributed to robust biofilm formation. In addition, this study underlines the importance of evaluating the efficiency of commercial cleaning agents in relation to strong biofilm-forming bacteria, which are relevant to industrial conditions. Consequently, we believe that the findings of this study can facilitate the assessment and refining of the industrial CIP procedures.
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Bickers, P. O., R. Bhamidimarri, J. Shepherd, and J. Russell. "Biological phosphorus removal from a phosphorus-rich dairy processing wastewater." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 8 (November 1, 2003): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0451.
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Dairy industry processing wastewaters consist mainly of dilutions of milk, milk products and cleaning solutions and, depending on the processes used, may be rich in phosphorus. In New Zealand and internationally, chemical removal of phosphorus is typically the phosphorus removal method of choice from dairy processing wastewaters. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was investigated in this study as an alternative phosphorus removal option using a continuous activated sludge system. A synthetic dairy processing wastewater was firstly subjected to fermentation in an anaerobic reactor (HRT = 12 hrs, pH = 6.5, temperature = 35°C) resulting in a fermented wastewater with an average volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of 1055 mg COD/L. The activated sludge reactor was operated in an AO configuration with an HRT of 2.5 days and an SRT of 15 days. Stable EBPR was exhibited with 42 mg P/L removed, resulting in a final sludge phosphorus content of 4.9% mg P/mg TSS. In the anaerobic zone (HRT = 2.85 hrs) the sludge had a phosphorus content of 3.16% mg P/mg TSS and a poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) concentration of 86 mg COD/g TS.
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Patel, Ruchi, A. D. Patel, and J. B. Upadhyay. "Use of Renewable Energy in Dairy Industry." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 2 (2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.421611.
Full textAbstract:
Today India has become number one in milk production, producing 140 million tons per annum with approx. 20% of the total milk production is handled by the organized sectors. Dairy and food industries are fast growing industries and day-by-day newer technologies are being introduced to get better quality of foods. Most of the milk processing operations, room conditioning for milk product packaging and cold stores for milk milk products are operating on grid electric supply. Energy is one of the critical inputs for economic development of any Country. In order to overcome the present energy scenario problems, energy should be conserved and since we are consuming disproportionate amount of energy that day is not far when all our Non-Renewable resources will expire forcing us to rely just on Renewable Sources. To overcome problem the use of renewable energy mainly solar bio energy in the dairy is generally found for hot water supply to boiler, hot water generator for processing of milk or for CIP cleaning. Use of renewable energy has great scope for its commercial use in the dairy processing operations and It is estimated that renewable energy could contribute to at least half of all electric power in each of the large economies by 2050.
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Mamai, D. S., S. P. Babenyshev, A. V. Mamai, V. A. Ivanets, and D. S. Khokha. "Methodology for solving the problem of wastewater treatment of dairy processing enterprises." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-214-221.
Full textAbstract:
In Russia, as well as all over the world, one of the most acute problems is the protection of natural water resources from sewage contamination of food, especially dairy processing enterprises. However, despite the fact that restrictions, fines and suspension of their activities have been established at the legislative level for exceeding the established standards for the discharge of pollutants into reservoirs, they continue to cause more and more significant harm to the environment. The main objective reason for this phenomenon should be attributed to the lack of an effective technology for cleaning complex in composition, with changing even during the day physico-chemical properties of effluents of milk processing enterprises. The purpose of the study was to develop the concept of deep processing of secondary dairy raw materials for subsequent use in industrial production. The paper presents an analysis of the basic structure of the modern technology of wastewater treatment of dairy processing enterprises at factory treatment facilities and suggests the basic principles of processing secondary dairy raw materials. The analysis of the presented data shows that modern methods of wastewater treatment used in most dairy plants do not meet the standards. Following the proposed principles will ensure favorable conditions for the release of lactose from secondary dairy raw materials at subsequent stages of its deep processing. One or another combination of these processes primarily depends on the cost of technologies and the equipment necessary for their implementation, the volume of raw materials, the required depth of its processing, as well as the market price of finished products.
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Souza, Luana Virgínia, Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues, Andressa Fusieger, Raiane Rodrigues da Silva, Sidney Rodrigues de Jesus Silva, Evandro Martins, Solimar Gonçalves Machado, Cinzia Caggia, Cinzia Lucia Randazzo, and Antonio Fernandes de Carvalho. "Diversity of Filamentous Fungi Associated with Dairy Processing Environments and Spoiled Products in Brazil." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010153.
Full textAbstract:
Few studies have investigated the diversity of spoilage fungi from the dairy production chain in Brazil, despite their importance as spoilage microorganisms. In the present study, 109 filamentous fungi were isolated from various spoiled dairy products and dairy production environments. The isolates were identified through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In spoiled products, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most frequent genera of filamentous fungi and were also present in the dairy environment, indicating that they may represent a primary source of contamination. For dairy production environments, the most frequent genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Nigrospora. Four species (Hypoxylon griseobrunneum, Rhinocladiella similis, Coniochaeta rosae, and Paecilomyces maximus) were identified for the first time in dairy products or in dairy production environment. Phytopathogenic genera were also detected, such as Montagnula, Clonostachys, and Riopa. One species isolated from the dairy production environment is classified as the pathogenic fungi, R. similis. Regarding the phylogeny, 14 different families were observed and most of the fungi belong to the Ascomycota phylum. The understanding of fungal biodiversity in dairy products and environment can support the development of conservation strategies to control food spoilage. This includes the suitable use of preservatives in dairy products, as well as the application of specific cleaning and sanitizing protocols designed for a specific group of target microorganisms.
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Kalai, Amina, Fadila Malek, and Leila Bousmaha-Marroki. "Effect of Thymus ciliatus oil-based disinfectant solutions against bio-films formed by Bacillus cereus strains isolated from pasteurized-milk processing lines in Algeria." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 8, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.8(1).p01-12.
Full textAbstract:
Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen that often persists in dairy environments and is associated with food poisoning and spoilage. This spore-forming bacterium has a high propensity to develop biofilms onto dairy processing equipment and resists to chemical cleaning and disinfecting. This study deals with the in vitro application of thyme oil-based sanitizer solutions against biofilms formed by B. cereus genotypes which persist in pasteurized-milk processing lines. The effect of Thymus ciliatus essential oil on B. cereus planktonic cells and biofilms was assessed. The oil was tested alone and in combination with organic acids or industrial cleaning agents, in order to improve the removal of B. cereus recurrent genotypes. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of planktonic growth (MICs), biofilm formation (MBIC) and biofilm eradication (MBEC) of oil and organic acids were evaluated by microdilution assays. Thyme oil was more effective than organic acids against B. cereus planktonic growth, biofilm formation and established bio-films. High values of MICs were obtained for the three organic acids tested (3.5-4.5%) in comparison with those of essential oil (0.082-0.088%). The combination of oil with other antimicrobials as acetic acid, NaOH or HNO3 improves their effectiveness against B. cereus biofilms. These oil-based sanitizer solutions allow complete B. cereus biofilm eradication and should be an attractive candidate for the control and removal of biofilms in the dairy envi-ronment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dairy processing Cleaning"
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Phinney, David M. "Detecting, Modeling, and Mechanisms of Dairy Fouling and Cleaning." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155559861165497.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Dairy processing Cleaning"
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Silvia, Paul J., and Katherine N. Cotter. "Cleaning and processing your data." In Researching daily life: A guide to experience sampling and daily diary methods., 93–109. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000236-006.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Dairy processing Cleaning"
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Johnson, Paul A. "New Systems in Plant Sanitation." In ASME 2005 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2005-5102.
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Clean-In-Place (CIP) of beverage, dairy and food processes is achieved by pre-rinsing, circulation of detergents, post rinsing, and sanitizing of process equipment designed for such automated cleaning. As processing plants have expanded production capacities, the size of the equipment has increased accordingly, creating a corresponding increase in the water volumes and sanitation compounds required to achieve proper cleaning and sanitation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the environmental factors impacted by the CIP process, further to offer areas of scrutiny that the processing facility staff may evaluate for improvement potential. Paper published with permission.
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Avery, Richard E. "Sanitary Welding Standards." In ASME 2000 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2000-4605.
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Austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems are a vital part of today’s sanitary (hygienic) processing facilities. Product contact surface welds in the tubular systems usually cannot be ground or conditioned, so it is essential that the as-welded surfaces are suitable for cleaning-in-place (CIP). The American Welding Society AWS Dl8 Committee was formed in respond to the request by the 3-A Sanitary Standards Committee for help in preparing welding standards for use in the manufacture and construction of dairy and food product processing plants. The 3-A Sanitary Standards Committees develop and promulgate sanitary design standards for dairy and food processing, packaging and handling equipment and systems. AWS D18.1:1999 Specification for Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube and Pipe Systems in Sanitary (Hygienic) Applications developed covers the requirements for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or TIG welding as it is also known, of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe 1/4 in. (6 mm) diameter and larger. Sanitary processing systems is intended to include those systems handling products for human and animal consumption. Such products include dairy, meat, poultry, vegetable, beverage, and other products consumed by humans and animals. The paper also includes design and operation guidelines that have proven useful to engineers and users of austenitic stainless steel piping systems. Paper published with permission.
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Kerya, Normawani, Dong Guo Leong, and Sippakorn Apiwathanasorn. "Sand Management Strategy in Offshore Gas Field in the Gulf of Thailand." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31499-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope This paper examines the sand production management strategies practised by Carigali-PTTEPI Operating Company (CPOC) to minimize the impact of excessive sand production on the processing facilities and well integrity as sand production from producing wells continues to increase. Sudden well interruptions could jeopardise the daily production delivery hence require all risks to be mitigated at early stage includes risk from sand production. Methods, Procedures, Process Gas reservoirs in CPOC operated fields were developed with monobore completions without active sand control. CPOC adopts the passive sand management approach, where sand is allowed to be produced to surface and later managed on the top-side facilities. The objective is to manage the produced sand using existing facilities and minimize the process upset/downtime. CPOC Sand Production Management consists of two main parts, Monitoring and Remediation. Two types of monitoring are done: Sand Production Monitoring and Corrosion/Erosion Monitoring. Ultrasonic Sand Detector has been used as the main tool for Sand Production Monitoring. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) has been carried out for all production flowlines as part of Corrosion/Erosion monitoring. Effective monitoring has become the enabler for proactive remediation actions. The remediation focuses on two areas: minimize sand production from wells (via MSFR/MASR-Maximum Sand Free Rate/Maximum Allowable Sand Rate), carry out water shut off, sand failure analysis etc.) and improve the integrity and reliability of processing facilities through upgrading activities. Result, Observations, Conclusions The interpretation of sand production from Ultrasonic Sand Detector allows qualitative and quantitative assessments of sand production and operational instruction for flowing wells via MSFR/MASR. In addition, UT survey is used to estimate the flowline remaining life. Proactive remediation of topside equipment is done in a timely and effective manner using Ultrasonic Sand Detector's data together with other inspection data. CPOC has also upgraded several topside equipment to improve the efficiency of sand removal, equipment integrity and reliability. This topside upgrade includes main processing platform sand removal upgrade, slug catcher cleaning, flowline wrapping, etc. This multidisciplinary collaboration since 2014, which integrate the monitoring of sand production from the wellbore with remediation activities of the downstream processes, has allowed CPOC to safely operate and achieve production target without loss of containment. Novel/Additive Information The sand production management strategies practised by CPOC not only allows the company to safely operate and achieve production target, it also enables the use of "slimhole monobore" completion which is economical and practical well design without the need for conventional downhole sand control, and results in well cost of <10 MMUS. This type of field development and sand production management has become a standard technology in the Gulf of Thailand.