Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dairy processing

Academic literature on the topic 'Dairy processing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Dairy processing"

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Bailey, Kenneth W. "Dairy processing." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 19, no. 2 (July 2003): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(03)00026-4.

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Hayes, Susan, and Judy Buttriss. "DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING." Nutrition & Food Science 86, no. 5 (May 1986): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb059137.

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YAMAGUCHI, Takayoshi. "Dairy Processing in Tibet." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 56, no. 3 (2004): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.56.310.

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Tamime, Adnan Y. "Dairy Processing-Improving Quality." International Journal of Dairy Technology 57, no. 4 (November 2004): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2004.00154.x.

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Wechsler, D. "Dairy processing: improving quality." LWT - Food Science and Technology 37, no. 5 (August 2004): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.01.004.

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Kelly, Alan L. "Dairy processing: improving quality." International Dairy Journal 14, no. 5 (May 2004): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2003.11.001.

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Донская, Галина Андреевна. "Innovative technologies of dairy processing." Food processing industry, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2021.7.7.017.

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В настоящее время для производства питьевого пастеризованного молока в промышленных масштабах используют тепловую обработку (традиционный способ), бактофугирование, микрофильтрацию с кратковременной пастеризацией. С позиции потребителей качество молока и молочных продуктов определяется прежде всего вкусовыми свойствами, микробиологической безопасностью и сроками хранения. Известно, что увеличение сроков хранения молока достигается путем избыточных температурных воздействий. При этом происходят значительные изменения в составе белковой фазы, снижается биологическая ценность молока. Бактофугированное молоко по длительности хранения незначительно отличается от традиционно обработанного, но требует наличия дорогостоящего оборудования. Молоко, вырабатываемое с использованием микрофильтрации плюс пастеризация, обеспечивает требуемые сроки хранения и обладает прекрасными органолептическими свойствами. В работе показан потенциал применения микрофильтрации для удаления бактерий; получения концентратов, обогащенных мицеллами казеина; в детском питании. Цель работы - исследовать влияние микрофильтрационной обработки (МФ) молока на его состав. Задача исследований - определение основных показателей молока и водорастворимых антиоксидантов на этапах производства питьевого пастеризованного молока ESL (Extended Shelf Life). В качестве объектов исследований молоко сырое, молоко обезжиренное, пермеат, ретентат, молоко питьевое пастеризованное, получаемые с предприятий отрасли. Показатели жир, белок, лактозу, титруемую кислотность, СОМО определяли стандартизированными методами. Суммарное содержание водорастворимых антиоксидантов - амперометрическим методом. Установлено, что основные компоненты обезжиренного молока после МФ претерпевают незначительные изменения. Содержание водорастворимых антиоксидантов снижается в пермеате и возрастает в ретентате, что обусловлено размером частиц, которые отделяет микрофильтрация в диапазоне 0,05-10 мкм. В этот диапазон попадают бактерии, жировые шарики молока, крупные мицеллы казеина, отдельные антиоксиданты.
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Walton, M. "Energy Use in Dairy Processing." International Journal of Dairy Technology 60, no. 1 (February 2007): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2007.00257.x.

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Jackson, John R. "CURRENT PROBLEMS IN DAIRY PROCESSING." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 19 (November 13, 2008): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1971.tb01181.x.

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Flint, Steve, Phil Bremer, John Brooks, Jon Palmer, Faizan Ahmed Sadiq, Brent Seale, Koon Hoong Teh, Shuyan Wu, and Siti Norbaizura Md Zain. "Bacterial fouling in dairy processing." International Dairy Journal 101 (February 2020): 104593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104593.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dairy processing"

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Ravaglia, Marco, Justin Dinh, Michelle Frandsen, and Alyssa Garcia. "Dairy Processing Plant Production." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144925.

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Scott, David L. "UHT processing and aseptic filling of dairy foods." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/970.

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Wu, Ben Heng, Ismael Garcia, Austin Pyrek, and Tate Tolson. "REMOVAL OF BOD AND METAL IONS FROM DAIRY PROCESSING WASTEWATER." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613822.

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An anaerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) unit was to design to remove 98% of BOD, COD, and TSS from a dairy wastewater processing stream at an influent flow rate of 500,000 gal/day. The hydraulic retention time of the MBR unit was determined to be 4 hours and the sludge retention time of the MBR unit was determined to be 60 days. Methane produced by the anaerobic process will be recaptured at 67% efficiency and will reused as a heat source in the plant. Metal ions will be removed from the wastewater through electrodialysis and the effluent concentration reaches EPA standards. An evaporation pond to deal with the brine stream from the electrodialysis has been designed with a volume of 4250 m3, a fill time of 41 days and an evaporation time of 37 days. The capital costs associated with the plant design is $11,000,000 with the evaporation pond and $9,000,000 without the evaporation pond. Assuming the filtered water is sold, the breakeven point for the design without the evaporation pond is 50 years. Although target concentrations can be reached with MBR technology, we do not recommend utilizing this design until pilot scale tests can be done.
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Al, Jawaheri Raad. "The use of constructed wetlands in the treatment of dairy processing wastewater." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15023.

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Abstract The interest in the use of constructed wetlands for the treatment food processing wastewaters including dairy wastewater is growing. The reason is the intention to create clean technologies that can substitute the currently used “environmentally unfriendly” conventional facilities. This paper suggests options for adopting a constructed wetland system to treat wastewaters from diaries. The potential use of two stage wetland systems is investigated. Examples of multi-stage wetland use are reviewed. The calculations based on the k-c * model (Kadlec and Knight 1996) showed that a reasonable option is to use a subsurface wetland 160 m2 area followed by a free water surface wetland 2000 m2 area. However, these calculations are influenced by the use of older data. The most significant effect is the use of the rate coefficient values for both FWS and HSSF wetlands. A comparison is made to show the effects the new data might have on the calculations. Other measures that can increase the efficiency of the suggested wetland systems like filtration media, deep zones and engineering solutions are suggested. Finally, an overall investigation of the costs involved suggests that the wetland option can be cost effective if all the factors that affect the wetland´s construction and functioning are properly dealt with.
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Shukla, Himakshi C. "Development of immobilized #beta#-galactosidase bioreactor for processing lactose in dairy fluids." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334624.

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Zhong, Jianming. "Anaerobic Hydrogen and Methane Production from Dairy Processing Waste: Experiment and Modeling." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4713.

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Dairy processing waste (DPW) can cause many environmental problems if not treated well. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been applied to reduce the organics and inorganics in DPW. The overall objective of this research was to develop cost effective anaerobic digestion technology for hydrogen and methane production from DPW. This search included three phases of studies. In phase 1, we investigated continuous fermentations of algae, lawn grass clippings and DPW, commingled and digested in duplicate 60 L and 3,800 L Induced Bed Reactor (IBR) anaerobic digesters at mesophilic conditions in trials that went for about two years. The goal was to commingle municipal waste in such a way that no pH control chemicals would be required. The research also yielded information about solids loading rate (SLR), efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and solids removal and biogas production. Under the conditions of the study, commingling algae or grass with DPW made it possible to avoid the addition of pH control chemicals. In phase 2, we investigated the effects of pH, temperature, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on hydrogen production from DPW in semicontinuous 60 L pilot IBR. Results show pH played a key role on hydrogen production and the optimal pH range was 4.8-5.5. Digestion under thermophilic temperatures (60 °C) had advantages of gaining higher hydrogen yield and suppressing the growth of methanogens. The optimal OLR was 32.9 g-COD/l-d at HRT of 3 days. Under optimal conditions, highest hydrogen yield was 160.7 ml/g-COD removed with 44.6% COD removal. In phase 3, a mathematic model was built and implemented in R based on Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) for predicting and describing the anaerobic hydrogen production process. The modified ADM1 was then validated by comparing the predictions with observations of anaerobic hydrogen production from dairy processing waste. The model successfully predicted hydrogen production, hydrogen content, methane content, VFA concentration, and digestion system stability. This study provides a useful mathematical model to investigate anaerobic hydrogen production process and stability.
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Bolling, James Coleman. "Processing Effects on Physiochemical Properties of Natural and Reformulated Creams." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31565.

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Skim, sweet buttermilk, and butter-derived aqueous phase components were used to re-emulsify low-melt butteroil into creams with a desired 20% milkfat. The implications of pasteurization process, homogenization sequence, and formulation on the physicochemical properties of reformulated and natural creams were investigated.

Creams homogenized prior to pasteurization had significantly (p<0.05) greater amounts of milkfat surface material per gram of cream and per gram of lipid compared to creams homogenized after pasteurization. Significantly (p<0.05) higher percentages of available phospholipid also were associated with the milkfat surface material of creams homogenized prior to pasteurization. Phosphodiesterase, a marker enzyme within the native milkfat globule membrane, was in significantly (p<0.05) higher activity relative to protein on lipid globule surface when cream was homogenized prior to pasteurization. Creams that underwent pasteurization prior to homogenization had significantly (p<0.05) higher protein load associated with the milkfat surface material.

Natural cream homogenized prior to pasteurization had significantly (p<0.05) greater milkfat surface material per gram lipid than natural cream homogenized after pasteurization and buttermilk / aqueous phase (AP) reformulated cream homogenized after pasteurization. In contrast, natural cream homogenized after pasteurization and BM / AP reformulated cream homogenized after pasteurization had significantly (p<0.05) greater amounts of protein per 10 mg of milkfat surface material than all other formulation / homogenization sequence combinations. In addition, natural cream homogenized prior to pasteurization, and skim milk (SM) reformulated cream pasteurized prior to or after homogenization had significantly (p<0.05) higher percentages of available phospholipid associated with the milkfat surface material than natural cream homogenized following pasteurization.

Pasteurization temperature had a significant (p<0.05) effect on apparent viscosity of natural and reformulated creams. All UHT pasteurized natural and reformulated creams had significantly (p<0.05) greater apparent viscosities at all shear rates monitored than HTST pasteurized natural and reformulated creams. At a failing curve shear rate of 692 s-1 UHT pasteurized cream reformulated with BM / AP had significantly (p<0.05) greater viscosity than UHT pasteurized natural cream and cream reformulated with skim component.

HTST pasteurized natural cream had significantly (p<0.05) greater viscosities than HTST pasteurized cream reformulated with skim component. Moreover, at a shear rate of 2769 s-1 and a rising shear rate of 1384 s-1 HTST pasteurized natural cream had significantly (p<0.05) greater viscosity than HTST pasteurized cream reformulated with buttermilk and aqueous phase.

Creams formulated with skim component showed significant differences in creaming stability after 7 days of storage. On the other hand, natural cream and cream reformulated with buttermilk and aqueous phase showed significant differences in creaming stability after 9 days of storage. HTST pasteurized creams had greater creaming stability than UHT pasteurized creams. All creams feathered in a pH range of 5.09 to 5.31. Homogenization prior to UHT pasteurization resulted in creams rated "out of specification" because of poor sensory quality on day 1. Other processing sequences resulted in creams within sensory specifications.
Master of Science

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Berlin, Karin. "A model for a camel's milk dairy plant in Somalia." Mogadishu, Somalia : Somali Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24817160.html.

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Rao, H. G. Ramachandra. "Studies on flux pattern and fouling of membranes during ultrafiltration of some dairy products." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387038.

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Hayward, Stefan. "Partial characterization of a bacterial acyltransferase enzyme for potential application in dairy processing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86636.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes: the evaluation of the current, and potential assay methods for the quantification of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and free fatty acids in milk and the application thereof ; an account of the difficulties associated with the usage of FoodPro® Cleanline, an enzyme preparation used as processing aid, during ultra-high temperature processing of milk ; the development of activity assays which can be used for the kinetic characterization of glycerophospholipid cholesterol acyltransferase, the active enzyme in FoodPro® Cleanline ; the development of an accurate and facile activity assay, and the validation thereof, which can be used for the validation of enzyme activity prior to dosage of milk with FoodPro® Cleanline.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf: die evaluering van die huidige, en potensiële, metodes vir die kwantifisering van cholesterol, cholesteriel esters en vryvetsure in melk, sowel as die toepassing van hieridie metodes ; 'n verduideliking van die moeilikhede wat ondervind word gedurende die gebruik van FoodPro® Cleanline, 'n ensiempreparaat vir gebruik as 'n verwerkingshulpmiddel, tydens ultrahoë-temperatuurprosessering van melk ; die ontwikkeling van aktiwiteitsbepalings metodes vir gebruik in kinetiese karakterisering van gliserofosfolipied cholesterol asieltransferase, die aktiewe ensiem in FoodPro® Cleanline ; die ontwikkeling van 'n akkurate, eenvoudige aktiwiteitsbepalings metode, en bevestiging van hierdie metode, wat gebruik kan word vir kwalitieitskontrole alvorens die dosering van melk met FoodPro® Cleanline.
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Books on the topic "Dairy processing"

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United Nations. Development Fund for Women., ed. Dairy processing. London: Intermediate Technology Publications in association with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), 1996.

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Bylund, Gösta. Dairy processing handbook. [Lund, Sweden: Tetra Pak Processing Systems AB, 1995.

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Quiberoni, Andrea del Luján, and Jorge Alberto Reinheimer. Bacteriophages in dairy processing. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012.

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Poltronieri, Palmiro, ed. Microbiology in Dairy Processing. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Institute of Food Technologists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115007.

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Datta, Nivedita, and Peggy M. Tomasula, eds. Emerging Dairy Processing Technologies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118560471.

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Gerrit, Smit, ed. Dairy processing: Improving quality. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2003.

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Smit, Gerrit. Dairy processing: Improving quality. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2003.

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Lambert, J. C. Village milk processing. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Chandan, Ramesh C., and Arun Kilara. Dairy ingredients for food processing. Amex, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Chandan, Ramesh C., ed. Dairy Processing & Quality Assurance. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813804033.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dairy processing"

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van Asselt, Arjan J., and Michael G. Weeks. "Dairy processing." In Sustainable Dairy Production, 87–118. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118489451.ch5.

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Sarkar, Anwesha, Lakshmi Dave, Anant Dave, and Shantanu Das. "Dairy Processing." In Sustainable Food Processing, 125–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118634301.ch07.

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Chandan, R. C. "Dairy - Fermented Products." In Food Processing, 405–36. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846315.ch18.

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Ansari, I. A., Rupesh S. Chavan, Tanmay Nalawade, Anil Kumar, and Shraddha Bhatt. "Aseptic Food Processing and Packaging." In Dairy Engineering, 103–26. 1st ed. | Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366210-7.

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Schoenfuss, Tonya C., and Ramesh C. Chandan. "Dairy Ingredients in Dairy Food Processing." In Dairy Ingredients for Food Processing, 421–72. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959169.ch17.

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Chavan, Rupesh S., Rachna Sehrawat, Prabhat K. Nema, and Kumar Sandeep. "High-Pressure Processing of Dairy Products." In Dairy Engineering, 127–49. 1st ed. | Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366210-8.

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Boylston, Terri D. "Dairy Products." In Food Biochemistry and Food Processing, 425–41. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118308035.ch23.

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Singh, Harjinder, and Rodney J. Bennett. "Milk and Milk Processing." In Dairy Microbiology Handbook, 1–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471723959.ch1.

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Neeraj, Rupesh S. Chavan, Anupama Panghal, Shraddha Bhatt, and Tanmay Nalawade. "Entrepreneurship and Management of Food Processing Plants." In Dairy Engineering, 305–18. 1st ed. | Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366210-18.

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Chavan, Rupesh S., Anil Kumar, Rachna Sehrawat, and Tanmay Nalawade. "Dairy Engineering: Milk Processing and Milk Products." In Dairy Engineering, 81–101. 1st ed. | Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315366210-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dairy processing"

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Zhang, Wenli, Kun Yang, Naigong Yu, Tingting Cheng, and Jichao Liu. "Daily milk yield prediction of dairy cows based on the GA-LSTM algorithm." In 2020 15th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsp48669.2020.9320926.

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Norman R. Scott, Steven Zicari, Kelly Saikkonen, and Kimberly Bothi. "Characterization of Dairy-Derived Biogas and Biogas Processing." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21160.

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Tryhuba, Anatoliy, Vitalij Grabovets, Liudmyla Mikhailova, and Anatolii Rud. "Parameters and indicators of milk truck functioning at dairy processing enterprises." In 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2020.19.tf232.

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Singh, Satnam, and Ankur Bahl. "Performance modeling of dairy processing plant using generalized stochastic Petri nets." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: ICAMST2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0192329.

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Marins, Thiago Augusto Costa, Tainá Pereira de Souza Rocha Santos, and Karyne Oliveira Coelho. "Good production practices on dairy farms." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-170.

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Maintaining milk quality is a challenge, especially in controlling the microbiological load, measured by the Standard Plate Count (CPP). It is crucial to adopt measures throughout the entire production chain, focusing on obtaining milk, since after processing, quality improvement becomes limited. Studies show that water quality and equipment hygiene are key points for reducing CPP and ensuring safe milk consumption. Good Agricultural Practices (BPA) cover economic, social and environmental aspects, promoting general improvements in the production system. Despite resistance from some producers, national and international regulations offer important guidelines to ensure milk quality. To increase competitiveness, Embrapa launched a biosafety certification seal in 2022, guaranteeing compliance with BPA and animal welfare.
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Chudasama, Ronak, Sagar Dobariya, Komal Patel, and Hezal Lopes. "DAPS: Dairy analysis and prediction system using technical indicators." In 2017 Third International Conference on Sensing, Signal Processing and Security (ICSSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssps.2017.8071587.

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Amin, Viren R., Gerd Bobe, Jerry Young, Burim Ametaj, and Donald Beitz. "Ultrasound image texture processing for evaluating fatty liver in peripartal dairy cows." In Medical Imaging 2001, edited by Milan Sonka and Kenneth M. Hanson. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.431035.

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Dongping Qian, Wendi Wang, Xiaojing Huo, and Juan Tang. "Study on Linear Appraisal of Dairy Cow's Conformation Based on Image Processing." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23182.

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Tarakcioglu, Gonenc S., Ali E. Demir, Cihan Bulbul, Cansu Karahasanoglu, Ozlem Ozmen Okur, and Yasemin Basatli. "User interaction and cloud practices in mobile dairy farm management." In 2015 23th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2015.7130408.

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Abdul Jabbar, K., M. F. Hansen, M. L. Smith, and L. N. Smith. "Overhead spine arch analysis of dairy cows from three-dimensional video." In Eighth International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing, edited by Yulin Wang, Tuan D. Pham, Vit Vozenilek, David Zhang, and Yi Xie. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2266094.

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Reports on the topic "Dairy processing"

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Homan, Gregory K., Arian Aghajanzadeh, and Aimee McKane. Opportunities for Automated Demand Response in California’s Dairy Processing Industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233608.

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Xu, T., J. Ke, and J. Sathaye. User's Manual for BEST-Dairy: Benchmarking and Energy/water-Saving Tool (BEST) for the Dairy Processing Industry (Version 1.2). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1026805.

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de Paiva Seroa da Motta, Raquel. Water footprint of dairy production in Ethiopia : An assessment on commercial dairy farming and milk processing within a 200 km radius from Addis Ababa. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/494591.

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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin, and Christian Abeleda. Measuring the Impact of a Dairy Value Chain Project in Mongolia: A Baseline Study. Asian Development Bank, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230516-2.

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In 2019, the Asian Development Bank approved a project providing Milko Limited Liability Company with a loan facility to support the expansion of the company’s dairy processing, and raw milk and fruit procurement capacities in Ulaanbaatar. This working paper presents the results of the baseline evaluation survey conducted to document current conditions of project beneficiaries—primarily dairy farmers—before the project was implemented. This paper provides and analyzes the baseline data of the beneficiaries, which will be used as inputs for the impact evaluation study that will be carried out at project completion.
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5

Huber, John Tal, Joshuah Miron, Brent Theurer, Israel Bruckental, and Spencer Swingle. Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568748.bard.

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This research project entitled "Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows" had the following objectives: a) Determine effects of feeding varying amounts of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) on efficiency of milk and milk protein production; and 2) Investigate digestive and metabolic mechanisms relating to lactation responses to diets varying in ruminal and total starch degradability. Four lactation studies with high producing cows were conducted in which steam-flaked (~ 75% RDS) was compared with dry-rolled sorghum (~ 50% RDS) grain. All studies demonstrated increased efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (FCM/DMI) and milk protein as amount of RDS in the diet increased by feeding steam-flaked sorghum. As RDS in diets increased, either by increased steam-flaked sorghum, grinding of sorghum, or increasing the proportion of wheat to sorghum, so also did ruminal and total tract digestibilities of starch and neutral-detergent soluble (NDS) carbohydrate. Despite other research by these two groups of workers showing increased non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing from the rumen to the duodenum with higher RDS, only one of the present studies showed such an effect. Post-absorptive studies showed that higher dietary RDS resulted in greater urea recycling, more propionate absorption, a tendency for greater output of glucose by the liver, and increased uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen by the mammary gland. These studies have shown that processing sorghum grain through steam-flaking increases RDS and results in greater yields and efficiency of production of milk and milk protein in high producing dairy cows.
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Brush, Adrian, Eric Masanet, and Ernst Worrell. Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for the Dairy Processing Industry: An ENERGY STAR? Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171534.

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Varga, Gabriella A., Amichai Arieli, Lawrence D. Muller, Haim Tagari, Israel Bruckental, and Yair Aharoni. Effect of Rumen Available Protein, Amimo Acids and Carbohydrates on Microbial Protein Synthesis, Amino Acid Flow and Performance of High Yielding Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568103.bard.

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The effect of rumen available protein amino acids and carbohydrates on microbial protein synthesis, amino acid flow and performance of high yielding dairy cows was studied. A significant relationship between the effective degradabilities of OM in feedstuffs and the in vivo ruminal OM degradation of diets of dairy cows was found. The in situ method enabled the prediction of ruminal nutrients degradability response to processing of energy and nitragenous supplements. The AA profile of the rumen undegradable protein was modified by the processing method. In a continuous culture study total N and postruminal AA flows, and bacterial efficiency, is maximal at rumen degradable levels of 65% of the CP. Responses to rumen degradable non carbohydrate (NSC) were linear up to at least 27% of DM. Higher CP flow in the abomasum was found for cows fed high ruminally degradable OM and low ruminally degradable CP diet. It appeared that in dairy cows diets, the ratio of rumen degradable OM to rumenally degradable CP should be at least 5:1 in order to maximize postruminal CP flow. The efficiency of microbial CP synthesis was higher for diets supplemented with 33% of rumen undegradable protein, with greater amounts of bacterial AA reaching the abomasum. Increase in ruminal carbohydrate availability by using high moisture corn increased proportions of propionate, postruminal nutrients flow, postruminal starch digestibility, ruminal availability of NSC, uptake of energy substrates by the mammory gland. These modifications resulted with improvement in the utilization of nonessential AA for milk protein synthesis, in higher milk protein yield. Higher postruminal NSC digestibility and higher efficiency of milk protein production were recorded in cows fed extruded corn. Increasing feeding frequency increased flow of N from the rumen to the blood, reduced diurnal variation in ruminal and ammonia, and of plasma urea and improved postruminal NSC and CIP digestibility and total tract digestibilities. Milk and constituent yield increased with more frequent feeding. In a study performed in a commercial dairy herd, changes in energy and nitrogenous substrates level suggested that increasing feeding frequency may improve dietary nitrogen utilization and may shift metabolism toward more glucogenesis. It was concluded that efficiency of milk protein yield in high producing cows might be improved by an optimization of ruminal and post-ruminal supplies of energy and nitrogenous substrates. Such an optimization can be achieved by processing of energy and nitrogenous feedstuffs, and by increasing feeding frequency. In situ data may provide means for elucidation of the optimal processing conditions.
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Barefoot, Susan F., Bonita A. Glatz, Nathan Gollop, and Thomas A. Hughes. Bacteriocin Markers for Propionibacteria Gene Transfer Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573993.bard.

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The antibotulinal baceriocins, propionicin PLG-1 and jenseniin G., were the first to be identified, purified and characterized for the dairy propionibaceria and are produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127 and P. thoenii/jensenii P126, respectively. Objectives of this project were to (a) produce polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1; (b) identify, clone and characterize the propionicin PLG-1 (plg-1) and jenseniin G (jnG) genes; and (3) develop gene transfer systems for dairy propionibacteria using them as models. Polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1 were produced in rabbits. Anti-PLG-1 antiserum had high titers (256,000 to 512,000), neutralized PLG-1 activity, and detected purified PLG-1 at 0.10 mg/ml (indirect ELISA) and 0.033 mg/ml (competitive indirect ELISA). Thirty-nine of 158 strains (most P. thoenii or P. jensenii) yielded cross-reacting material; four strains of P. thoenii, including two previously unidentified bacteriocin producers, showed biological activity. Eight propionicin-negative P127 mutants produced neither ELISA response nor biological activity. Western blot analyses of supernates detected a PLG-1 band at 9.1 kDa and two additional protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 16.2 and 27.5 kDa. PLG-1 polyclonal antibodies were used for detection of jenseniin G. PLG-1 antibodies neutralized jenseniin G activity and detected a jenseniin G-sized, 3.5 kDa peptide. Preliminary immunoprecipitation of crude preparations with PLG-1 antibodies yielded three proteins including an active 3-4 kDa band. Propionicin PLG-1 antibodies were used to screen a P. jensenii/thoenii P126 genomic expression library. Complete sequencing of a cloned insert identified by PLG-1 antibodies revealed a putative response regulator, transport protein, transmembrane protein and an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding jenseniin G. PCR cloning of the putative plg-1 gene yielded a 1,100 bp fragment with a 355 bp ORF encoding 118 amino acids; the deduced N-terminus was similar to the known PLG-1 N-terminus. The 118 amino acid sequence deduced from the putative plg-1 gene was larger than PLG-1 possibly due to post-translational processing. The product of the putative plg-1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 12.8 kDa, a pI of 11.7, 14 negatively charged residues (Asp+Glu) and 24 positively charged residues (Arg+Lys). The putative plg-1 gene was expressed as an inducible fusion protein with a six-histidine residue tag. Metal affinity chromatography of the fused protein yielded a homogeneous product. The fused purified protein sequence matched the deduced putative plg-1 gene sequence. The data preliminarily suggest that both the plg-1 and jnG genes have been identified and cloned. Demonstrating that antibodies can be produced for propionicin PLG-1 and that those antibodies can be used to detect, monitor and compare activity throughout growth and purification was an important step towards monitoring PLG-1 concentrations in food systems. The unexpected but fortunate cross-reactivity of PLG-1 antibodies with jenseniin G led to selective recovery of jenseniin G by immunoprecipitation. Further refinement of this separation technique could lead to powerful affinity methods for rapid, specific separation of the two bacteriocins and thus facilitate their availability for industrial or pharmaceutical uses. Preliminary identification of genes encoding the two dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins must be confirmed; further analysis will provide means for understanding how they work, for increasing their production and for manipulating the peptides to increase their target species. Further development of these systems would contribute to basic knowledge about dairy propionibacteria and has potential for improving other industrially significant characteristics.
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9

Finkelstain, Israel, Steven Buccola, and Ziv Bar-Shira. Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568099.bard.

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In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.
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10

Osadchyi, V., O. Skrynyk, V. Sidenko, E. Aguilar, J. Guijarro, T. Szentimrey, O. Skrynyk, et al. ClimUAd: Ukrainian gridded daily air temperature (min, max, mean) and atmospheric precipitation data (1946-2020). Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv, Ukraine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.report.03.

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The dataset contains observation based long gridded time series of daily minimum, maximum and mean air temperature and atmospheric precipitation for Ukraine, covering the period of 1946-2020. The dataset was built through the thorough historical climate data processing, which included all mandatory steps: data rescue/digitization of missing values and/or periods in station time series from paper sources, their quality control and homogenization, and interpolation on 0.1o * 0.1o grid. The station data comprised daily values of 178 meteorological stations of Ukraine. The quality control, homogenization and gridding were performed by means of the well established and widely used software INQC, Climatol and MISH, respectively.
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