Academic literature on the topic 'Dairy farming (Victoria)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dairy farming (Victoria)"
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Heard, J. W., K. R. Lawrence, C. K. M. Ho, and B. Malcolm. "Comparing the profitability of a dairy business with alternative investments." Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16478.
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In the present study, the profitability of a dairy-farm case study evaluated over the period 2003–2004 to 2014–2015 was compared with the performance of other dairy farms and other non-agricultural investments over the same time. Investments are generally made on the expectation that a net return will be earned that justifies using capital in one particular way rather than an alternative way. The expected, and actual, returns from capital invested in different assets will differ according to the risks involved. Investors choose an investment, and mixes of investments, that align with their goals, preferences for risk and anticipated returns over time. Dairy farming involves investing in assets, such as land and improvements, water, livestock, plant and equipment, and people, which are managed to produce milk and ultimately to earn a competitive return on capital. With uncertain seasonal conditions, fluctuating costs and prices, declining terms of trade, wide ranges of equity and management abilities, and a steady decline in the number of commercial farm businesses, it may be tempting to presume that investing in farming, and dairy farming in particular, is a hard road, leading to lower and more variable returns than investing in non-agricultural investment opportunities in the economy. This need not be the case. Analysis of how a dairy business in northern Victoria performed from 2003–2004 to 2014–2015 showed that this farm did well compared with (i) other dairy businesses in Victoria and (ii) alternative investments, such as shares, bonds and property, over the same time. Compound annual return to capital for the dairy farm over the 12 years studied was 12.4% (real, before tax). Over half the return came from the farming operations and the remainder came from owning assets that appreciated in value, particularly in this case, water. The dairy business that was studied was well managed and earned higher annual average returns than the average returns of investments with similar risk elsewhere in the economy, such as shares, and matched it with the best performing of these alternative investments.
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Christesen, L. "Dairy farming and river condition: investigating the sustainable use of water resources in an agricultural area." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0375.
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This paper explores some of the factors that may contribute to the sustainable use of water on irrigated dairy farms in Victoria, Australia. The paper begins with a discussion of the principles of sustainable water use as they would apply to dairy farms in the Gippsland region of Victoria. A series of indicators are used to link aspects of sustainable water use at a regional scale, and the observable trends are discussed. Of particular interest is the way that local river systems contribute to the dairy industry in this region and the aspects of dairying and other significant regional factors that may be impacting on the sustainability of river systems in this area. The indicators are structured and analysed using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework developed by the OECD, most commonly used in State of the Environment reporting. The trends highlighted by the indicator set are discussed in terms of the implications that current patterns of water use may have for possible shifts towards more sustainable water use on individual dairy farms in Gippsland.
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Coldwell, Ian. "New farming masculinities." Journal of Sociology 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073936.
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Studies have suggested that traditional gender identity constructions of farmers tend to accompany conventional methods of farming and so are implicated in stalling the transition to sustainable agriculture. This article attempts to build on this work by exploring how young male farmers construct their masculine identities and how those identity constructions shape and are shaped by their farming practices and the social conditions in which those farming practices are carried out. Reflexivity is a significant part of this process. This exploratory study is based on focus group discussions conducted in one locality in Northern Victoria, among young male dairy farmers. Analysis of the findings supports the existence of a traditional-modern dualism in rural masculine identities. What is also evident is that more open and flexible masculine identities are emerging among young farmers, suggesting that existing tensions in agriculture situated at the nexus of alternative farming practices and traditional agrarian ideology might be a catalyst for change toward more equitable gender relations and sustainable ways of farming.
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Williams, Y. J., S. McDonald, and S. J. Chaplin. "The changing nature of dairy production in Victoria, Australia: are we ready to handle the planning and development of large, intensive dairy operations?" Animal Production Science 60, no. 4 (2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18476.
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Around the world, dairy production continues to intensify, with farmers increasing stocking rates, feeding more supplements, and transitioning into fully housed systems. Dairy production in Victoria is no exception and farmers are starting a move towards intensive (i.e. permanently housed) dairy operations. Challenges associated with these transformations have included difficulties, or failure, to obtain planning approval and public concern around the effect of intensive developments on environmental degradation, animal welfare and industry image. We examined current land-use planning provisions, environmental requirements, animal-welfare regulations, industry guidelines and codes of practice for their applicability and suitability to the implementation of intensive dairy-production operations, particularly large-scale ones, in Victoria, Australia. Our aim was to clearly identify factors that have the potential to hinder the growth and expansion of existing dairy-production systems into intensive operations, and the establishment of new intensive dairy enterprises. The majority of legislation examined posed no obstacles to the development of large-scale intensive dairy operations. New definitions for intensive livestock production and the inclusion of an intensive dairy-farm category in the State planning provisions will reduce current confusion across and within planning departments. A standard methodology to determine separation distances is required and a code for intensive dairy farming would greatly assist with the planning-approval process. Many advisory publications fall short when applied to intensive dairy operations as they are currently written for pasture-based farms with limited infrastructure for regularly feeding or housing large herds of >700 cows.
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Ford, J. L., G. R. Cousins, Z. Jahufer, I. J. Baird, D. R. Woodfield, and B. A. Barrett. "Grasslands Legacy - a new, large-leaved white clover cultivar with broad adaption." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.458.
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White clover (Trifolium repens L.) continues to play a pivotal role in the Australasian pastoral industry, despite increased use of nitrogen fertiliser on farms. Improved white clovers for dairy farming must be well adapted to the farm systems they are intended for, including increased rates of fertiliser nitrogen, higher stocking rates and access to irrigation. The breeding objective was to develop a white clover cultivar in evaluation systems that simulate modern farming practices, and test that cultivar in both New Zealand and Australia for adaptation and agronomic merit. This included breeding and early generation evaluation at research farms in the Manawatu and Waikato, with subsequent evaluations in these locations and farms in Southland and Victoria, Australia. This resulted in 'Grasslands Legacy', a new large leaved white clover cultivar bred for New Zealand and eastern temperate Australian pastures, which has shown significant (P
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Atuhaire, Andrew Mwebaze, Swidiq Mugerwa, Samuel Okello, Kenneth Okello Lapenga, Fred Kabi, and Jolly Mary Kabirizi. "Prioritization of Crop Residues for Improving Productivity on Smallholder Dairy Farming Households in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda." Open Journal of Animal Sciences 04, no. 02 (2014): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2014.42014.
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Aburto-Medina, Arturo, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Scott A. Salzman, Andrew Kramer, Andrew S. Ball, and Graeme Allinson. "Elucidation of the microbial diversity in rivers in south-west Victoria, Australia impacted by rural agricultural contamination (dairy farming)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 172 (May 2019): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.112.
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Burkitt, L. L., D. R. Small, J. W. McDonald, W. J. Wales, and M. L. Jenkin. "Comparing irrigated biodynamic and conventionally managed dairy farms. 1. Soil and pasture properties." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 5 (2007): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05196.
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Ten paired irrigated dairy farms under biodynamic (BD) and conventional (CV) management were compared over a 4-year period (1991–94). The paired farms were located in the irrigation districts of northern Victoria and southern New South Wales and were matched for soil type, climate, cattle breed and farm area. Farms had been practising BD principles for an average of 16 years before the commencement of the study and had not received phosphorus (P) fertiliser for an average of 17 years. The effects of farm management on soil chemical and biological properties and the nutritive properties and botanical composition of pasture were examined at varying sampling times during the study. Soil Olsen extractable P concentrations were consistently 2–3 times higher under CV management at various sampling depths (mean = 22 mg/kg, 0–10 cm), and were generally marginal under BD management in the surface 10 cm (mean = 8.5 mg/kg). Low soil extractable P concentrations were also reflected in consistently lower mean pasture P concentrations under BD management (0.25 compared with 0.35% on CV farms). Lower soil and pasture P concentrations under BD management were the result of a large negative P balance across BD farms (–17 kg P/ha.year). A mean negative P balance under BD management was a result of low P imports (2 kg P/ha.year) in comparison with large quantities of P (19 kg P/ha.year) effectively lost from the farming system through animal products, estimated losses in water runoff and slowly reversible soil P reactions. These results suggest that greater P imports are required to ensure the future sustainability of BD dairy pasture farming systems. There were few differences in soil biological properties, with earthworm weights significantly higher under CV management, but no difference in soil organic carbon, humus concentration, the weight of the organic mat or microbial biomass, between the two management systems.
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Rugoho, Innocent, Hayden Lewis, Muhammad Islam, Andrew McAllister, Gemma Heemskerk, Andrew Gourley, and Cameron Gourley. "Quantifying dairy farm nutrient fluxes and balances for improved assessment of environmental performance." Animal Production Science 58, no. 9 (2018): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16440.
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Excess nutrients are challenging the long-term sustainability of grazing-based dairy farming. Whole-farm nutrient-mass balance (NMB) is a well recognised approach to improve on-farm nutrient management decisions. In the present paper, we use a standardised approach for quantifying NMB on grazing-based dairy farms, using a newly developed online tool. Preliminary evaluation, using selected farm data from a previous Australia-wide dairy-farm nutrient study, demonstrated highly comparable estimates of farm area, nutrient fluxes and NMB, with substantial efficiencies in time and sample analysis. Nutrient mass balances were also determined on 16 diverse dairy farms across the five major dairy regions of Victoria, Australia. These results highlighted the importance of purchased feed, fertiliser and milk sales, as major sources of nutrient inputs and outputs, with whole-farm NMB for the 16 dairy farms ranging from 185 to 481 kg/ha for nitrogen, 12–59 kg/ha for phosphorus, 9–244 kg/ha for potassium and –6–55 kg/ha for sulfur. Current industry adoption of the NMB tool has confirmed the benefits of a standardised and efficient collation and processing of readily available farm data to inform nutrient management decisions on commercial dairy farms. We suggest that the standardised assessment of nutrient fluxes, balances and efficiency, as well as feed- and milk-production performance at the whole-farm level, provides dairy farmers, farm advisors and industry and policy analysts with the ability to determine industry-wide goals and improve environmental performance.
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Armstrong, D. P., J. E. Knee, P. T. Doyle, K. E. Pritchard, and O. A. Gyles. "Water-use efficiency on irrigated dairy farms in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99132.
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A survey of 170 randomly selected, irrigated, dairy farms in northern Victoria and 9 in southern New South Wales was conducted to examine and benchmark the key factors influencing water-use efficiency. Water-use efficiency was defined as the amount of milk (kg milk fat plus protein) produced from pasture per megalitre of water (irrigation plus effective rainfall). Information on water-use, milk production, supplementary feeding, farm size and type, pasture management, and irrigation layout and management was collected for each farm by personal interview for the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons. The farms were ranked in the order of water-use efficiency with the average farm compared with the highest and lowest 10% of farms. The range in water-use efficiency was 25–115 kg milk fat plus protein/ML, with the highest 10% averaging 94 kg/ML and the lowest 10% averaging 35 kg/ML. The large range in water-use efficiency indicated potential for substantial improvement on many farms. The high water-use efficiency farms, when compared with the low group: (i) produced a similar amount of milk from less water (387 v. 572 ML) (P<0.05), less land (48 v. 83 ha) (P< 0.05) and a similar number of cows (152 v. 143 cows); (ii) had higher estimated pasture consumption per hectare (11.5 v. 5.5 t DM/ha) (P<0.01) and per megalitre (1.0 v. 0.5 t DM/ML) (P<0.01); (iii) had higher stocking rates (3.2 v. 1.8 cows/ha) (P<0.01); (iv) used higher rates of nitrogen fertiliser (59 v. 18 kg N/ha.year) (P<0.05) and tended to use more phosphorus fertiliser (64 v. 34 kg P/ha.year) (P<0.10); (v) used similar levels of supplementary feed (872 v. 729 kg concentrates/cow); (vi) had higher milk production per cow (396 v. 277 kg fat plus protein) (P<0.05); and (vii) directed a higher proportion of the estimated energy consumed by cows into milk production (53 v. 46%) (P<0.05). The survey data confirmed that irrigated dairy farm systems are complex and variable. For example, the amount of feed brought in from outside the milking area varied from 0 to 74% of the estimated total energy used by a milking herd. There was a large range in the level of supplement input amongst the farms in the high water-use efficiency group, and in the low water-use efficiency group. This indicates that the management of the farming system has a greater impact on the efficiency of water-use on irrigated dairy farms, than the type of system. The data from the survey provide information for individual farms, a measure of the water-use efficiency of the industry, and an indication of the quality of regional land and water resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dairy farming (Victoria)"
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Riffkin, Penelope A., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "An assessment of white clover nitrogen fixation in grazed dairy pastures of south-western Victoria." THESIS_FST_xxx_Riffkin_P.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31.
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Australia is amongst the more efficient milk producers in the world.Milk production in the region of south-western Victoria relies mainly on rainfed white clover/perennial ryegrass pastures.As the demand for efficient and competitive milk production increases, the value of N2 fixation must be maximised. The objective of this thesis was to assess N2 fixation in grazed dairy pastures in south-western Victoria. Several tests and experiments were conducted and results noted. Studies revealed low white clover yields to be the major factor limiting N2 fixation in the region. For N2 fixation to have a significant impact on pasture quality and production, problems associated with legume persistence need to be addressed. Strategies may include the breeding of white clover cultivars with greater tolerance to water stress, improved winter production and increased competitiveness with companion species. Alternatively, the introduction of different legume species, better suited to the environment, may be appropriate. Where N2 fixation is unlikely to satisfy N demands, it may be necessary to introduce the strategic use of supplementary feeds or nitrogenous fertilisers. However, this would need to be carefully considered to ensure high input costs did not jeopardise the competitive advantage of low input pasture-based systemsMasters Thesis
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Riffkin, Penelope A. "An assessment of white clover nitrogen fixation in grazed dairy pastures of south-western Victoria." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31.
Full textAbstract:
Australia is amongst the more efficient milk producers in the world.Milk production in the region of south-western Victoria relies mainly on rainfed white clover/perennial ryegrass pastures.As the demand for efficient and competitive milk production increases, the value of N2 fixation must be maximised. The objective of this thesis was to assess N2 fixation in grazed dairy pastures in south-western Victoria. Several tests and experiments were conducted and results noted. Studies revealed low white clover yields to be the major factor limiting N2 fixation in the region. For N2 fixation to have a significant impact on pasture quality and production, problems associated with legume persistence need to be addressed. Strategies may include the breeding of white clover cultivars with greater tolerance to water stress, improved winter production and increased competitiveness with companion species. Alternatively, the introduction of different legume species, better suited to the environment, may be appropriate. Where N2 fixation is unlikely to satisfy N demands, it may be necessary to introduce the strategic use of supplementary feeds or nitrogenous fertilisers. However, this would need to be carefully considered to ensure high input costs did not jeopardise the competitive advantage of low input pasture-based systems
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Riffkin, Penelope A. "An assessment of white clover nitrogen fixation in grazed dairy pastures of South-Western Victoria /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030528.152118/index.html.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Dairy farming (Victoria)"
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Ratten, Vanessa, and Leo-Paul Dana. "Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Family Farms and the Dairy Industry." In Research Anthology on Strategies for Maintaining Successful Family Firms, 898–916. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3550-2.ch041.
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There has been increasing recognition that for regional competitiveness in rural areas there needs to be a focus on sustainable farming initiatives especially for family farms that are competing with global conglomerates. Family farms, whilst declining in number, are the purpose of this paper studying the rural entrepreneurship in family farms as they are at the heart of rural communities and the overall agricultural industry and comprise a high percentage of total farms. This paper takes a case study approach using in-depth semi structured interviews to delve into the types of entrepreneurial strategies that are distinctive of family farms in terms of their sustainability approach to farming. Dairy farms in the West Victorian area of Australia are studied and the findings suggest that family farms can increase their regional competitiveness and international standing by focusing on their collaborative, social and sustainable entrepreneurial strategies.