Journal articles: 'Dairy farming systems'

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Roche, John. "Foreword to ‘Resilient Dairy Farming Systems’." Animal Production Science 55, no. 7 (2015): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/anv55n7_fo.

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Funes-Monzote, F. R., Marta Monzote, E. A. Lantinga, and H. van Keulen. "Conversion of specialised dairy farming systems into sustainable mixed farming systems in Cuba." Environment, Development and Sustainability 11, no. 4 (March 13, 2008): 765–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-008-9142-7.

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Silva, Emiliana, Armando Brito Mendes, and Henrique José Duarte Rosa. "Dairy Farming Systems’ Adaptation to Climate Change." Agricultural Sciences 07, no. 03 (2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2016.73013.

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Rossing, W., P. H. Hogewerf, A. H. Ipema, C. C. Ketelaar-De Lauwere, and C. J. A. M. De Koning. "Robotic milking in dairy farming." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i1.523.

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The role of engineering research in the development of robotic milking systems and the integration of robotic milking in dairy farms are reviewed. The milking stall, robot arm, teat sensing system, milking equipment and udder cleaning devices of commercial automatic milking systems (AMS) available in the Netherlands at the end of 1996 are described. The importance of the attractiveness of the milking stall, lay-out of the barn and the introduction of a cow routing with special gates in the barn is highlighted. Increasing the milking frequency from 2 to 3 times/day results in a higher yield of approximately 1000 kg milk/lactation. It is concluded that automatic milking will decrease the physical and mental load on the farmer, but it should be considered that the farmer is working with complicated equipment.

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Velthof, G. L., and O. Oenema. "Nitrous oxide emission from dairy farming systems in the Netherlands." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 3 (October 1, 1997): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i3.510.

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A large part of the nitrogen (N) input in dairy farming systems in the Netherlands is lost from the system via N leaching and volatilization of gaseous N compounds, including the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The aim of the present study was to quantify N2O emission from dairy farming systems in the Netherlands, using a whole-farm approach. A total of 14 N2O sources was identified and emission factors were derived for each of these using the literature. Figures are presented for the amounts of N2O produced/kg herbage N produced (ranging from 4 to 89 g N2O-N kg-1 herbage N), depending on soil type and grassland management. Using Monte Carlo simulations, variations in mean total N2O emissions from the different sources were calculated for 3 model dairy farming systems differing in nutrient management. These different farming systems were chosen to assess the effect of improved nutrient management on total N2O emission. The total direct annual N2O emissions ranged from 15.4 +or-9.4 kg N2O-N/ha for the average dairy farming system in the 1980s to 5.3 +or-2.6 kg N2O-N/ha for a prototype of an economically feasible farming system with acceptable nutrient emissions. Leaching-derived, grazing-derived and fertilizer-derived N2O emissions were the major N2O sources on dairy farming systems. The total direct N2O emissions accounted for 3.2 to 4.6% of the N surplus on the dairy farming systems, suggesting that only a small amount of N was lost as N2O. Total N2O emissions from dairy farming systems in the Netherlands were 13.7+or-5.1 Gg N/year, which is about 35% of the estimated total N2O emission in the Netherlands. It is concluded that improvement of nutrient management of dairy farming systems will significantly decrease the N2O emissions from these systems, and thus the total N2O emission in the Netherlands.

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Aarts, H. F. M., E. E. Biewing, and H. van Keulen. "Dairy farming systems based on efficient nutrient management." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v40i3.16514.

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In Dutch dairy farming, dramatic nutrient losses occur, causing serious environmental problems, and representing an economic and energy waste. So farming systems have to be developed based on efficient nutrient management. A dairy farm is characterized as a system with soils and crops, forage, cattle, and manure as main components. Simple models of nutrient flows in and between components of the farming system were used to design a prototype system for a new experimental farm on sandy soil, which has to meet strict environmental demands. Experimental results of this farm will be used to improve the models and the models will be used again to optimize the prototype system. Initial results of modelling suggest that nutrient losses can be reduced considerably by more accurate management, and introduction of relatively cheap and simple measures. However, more radical and expensive modifications of the farming system are necessary to meet further standards of the Dutch government for max. allowable emissions. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Zuliani, Anna, Isabella Lora, Marta Brščić, Andrea Rossi, Edi Piasentier, Flaviana Gottardo, Barbara Contiero, and Stefano Bovolenta. "Do Dairy Farming Systems Differ in Antimicrobial Use?" Animals 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010047.

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The quantitative assessment of antimicrobial use (AMU) in food-producing animals contributes to the provision of essential information for developing relevant and effective policies to reduce use and to control antimicrobial resistance. Information on AMU is available mainly for intensive dairy farming systems and specialized high-yielding breeds. The aim of this study is to investigate AMU in different dairy farming systems by comparing the treatment incidence in mountain farms with specialized high-yield dairy breeds or with dual-purpose breeds raised for milk production to the treatment incidence in lowland farms with specialized high-yield dairy breeds or with dual-purpose breeds raised for milk production. Significant differences were found only between the overall treatment incidence, as well as the treatment incidence of highest-priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, in lowland farms with high-yielding breeds and mountain farms with dual-purpose breeds. Mountain farms have a generally lower milk production and smaller herd size than lowland farms, provide cows with access to pasture, and limit concentrates in the diet. These management practices and the use of local/dual-purpose breeds could reduce the risk of production diseases and the consequent need for AMU.

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Romaniuk, Wacław, Kamila Mazur, Kinga Borek, Andrzej Borusiewicz, Witold Jan Wardal, Sylwester Tabor, and Maciej Kuboń. "Biomass Energy Technologies from Innovative Dairy Farming Systems." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020335.

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Modern and innovative dairy cattle breeding technologies are highly dependent on the level of mechanization. This article presents modern solutions for dairy cattle breeding, in particular, for livestock buildings, in which longitudinal development is possible in accordance with the farm’s needs as well as with obtaining additional energy from biogas and post-ferment for granulated organic fertilizer. In the analysed technology for milk production, methane fermentation, biogas yield, and the possibility of fertilizer production in the form of granules are considered. The presented modular cattle breeding technology includes sustainable production, which is economic; environmentally friendly, with preconditions in the facility including animal welfare; and socially acceptable, resulting from a high level of mechanization, which ensures both comfortable working conditions and high milk quality. The presented production line is an integral part of the milk production process with the possibility of organic fertilizer being used in the production of healthy food.

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O’ Mahony, Niall, Sean Campbell, Anderson Carvalho, Lenka Krpalkova, Daniel Riordan, and Joseph Walsh. "3D Vision for Precision Dairy Farming." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 30 (2019): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.555.

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Coquil, Xavier, Pascal Béguin, and Benoît Dedieu. "Transition to self-sufficient mixed crop–dairy farming systems." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 3 (December 16, 2013): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000458.

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AbstractWhile plains favorable to agriculture are still dominated by specialized and intensive agriculture, self-sufficient mixed crop-dairy farming systems increasingly attract policy makers' and scientists' attention. Owing to their limited use of purchased inputs, they can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. Furthermore, self-sufficient farming tends to be linked with a search for autonomy in decision-making, i.e., farmers developing their own technical reference framework. Such farming systems can thus also contribute to alternative development pathways of rural territories. In this paper, we analyze how ten intensive mixed crop–dairy farms have progressively evolved toward more self-sufficient and autonomous systems. Through formalizing farmers' transitionin action, we identified 34 tools that the farmers implemented making them reflect on their farming system, shift socio-professional networks, reorganize work routines, and steer the evolution of their production practices. For example, they created temporary pastures in crop rotation, introduced rotational pastures, observed their herds to adjust their feed and keep the animals in good health, and they limited expenditures to manage their cash flow. Which tools were used and when they were used depends on what is meaningful to them at various stages of the transition. Our analysis of transitionsin actionhas three original features: it is centered on the transition as perceived by the actors who experience and manage it; it proposes a long-term conceptualization of the dynamics of farming systems, based on the farmer's initiative and creativity; and it highlights tools implemented by farmers during the transition to self-sufficiency and autonomy.

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Velthof, G. L., M. L. van Beusichem, and O. Oenema. "Mitigation of nitrous oxide emission from dairy farming systems." Environmental Pollution 102, no. 1 (1998): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(98)80030-4.

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Smith, Andrew P., Karen M. Christie, Matthew T. Harrison, and Richard J. Eckard. "Ammonia volatilisation from grazed, pasture based dairy farming systems." Agricultural Systems 190 (May 2021): 103119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103119.

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Sholubi, Yetunde O., D. Peter Stonehouse, and E. Ann Clark. "Profile of organic dairy farming in Ontario." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 12, no. 3 (September 1997): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007414.

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AbstractEight dairy farms located in western Ontario were surveyed as part of an ongoing comparative economic study. The sampled farms had been using organic methods for an average of 5.5 y ears and, therefore, were beyond the “transition” stage. Diversified cropping systems were characteristic of these farms, with most crop products (grain and straw) being used directly by the farms' livestock enterprises. Crop rotations were complex, and generally involved sequences of forages and small grains into which cover crops such as oilseed radish and red clover were integrated. Weed control, year-round soil cover, and production of feed and bedding all contributed to the design of cropping systems. Both solid and liquid manures were composted before application. No feed additives or growth hormones were used, but homeopathic remedies, probiotics, and antibiotics were commonly used. The high cost of synthetic fertilizer and concern for the environment were the main reasons given by the f armers f or adopting organic methods.

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Moolenaar, S. W., and T. M. Lexmond. "Heavy-metal balances of agro-ecosystems in the Netherlands." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 46, no. 2 (September 1, 1998): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v46i2.489.

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Heavy-metal flows (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) of arable, dairy and mixed farming systems in the Netherlands were studied, and farm-gate and field-scale balances calculated. On the field-scale, static and dynamic balances were distinguished. By determining the characteristic metal flows, it became possible to differentiate between farming systems and to select the most viable options for sustainable heavy-metal management. Crop rotation, and choice of fertilizers, clearly influenced the heavy-metal balance of arable farming systems. In dairy farming systems, the role of feed management was very important, but the effects on the heavy-metal balance were not always straightforward. Mixed farming systems compared favourably with specialized (arable or dairy) farming systems with regard to heavy-metal accumulation. Due to the internal cycling of feedstuff and manure, lower inputs were required and therefore the import of heavy-metal containing raw materials and products was minimized. Uncertainties related to the calculation of heavy-metal balances are discussed.

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Veerkamp, R. F., M. P. L. Calus, B. Beerda, and J. Ten Napel. "Robustness in dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021621.

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Robustness can be defined as “the capacity to handle disturbances in common and sustainable, e.g. economically, systems”. To achieve a robust farming system, a broad perspective is needed (Napel 2005), but here we focus on genetic selection for robust cows and the origin of the need for such animals.

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Fourichon, C., H. Seegers, F. Beaudeau, L. Verfaille, and N. Bareille. "Health-control costs in dairy farming systems in western France." Livestock Production Science 68, no. 2-3 (March 2001): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00248-7.

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Chawala, A. R., G. Banos, A. Peters, and M. G. G. Chagunda. "Farmer-preferred traits in smallholder dairy farming systems in Tanzania." Tropical Animal Health and Production 51, no. 6 (February 4, 2019): 1337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-01796-9.

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Bogdanovic, V., R. Djedovic, P. Perisic, D. Stanojevic, M. D. Petrovic, S. Trivunovic, D. Kucevic, and M. M. Petrovic. "An assessment of dairy farm structure and characteristics of dairy production systems in Serbia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 4 (2012): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1204689b.

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In order to have a more precise description of dairy farm structure and characteristics of dairy production systems, as well as to assess possibilities for improving production and farming conditions in which milk production is organized, a survey based research was directed at a select group of farms across the Serbia. 1180 questionnaires have been mailed to farmers whose farms are registered for either cattle or mixed production. Questionnaire was divided into 6 sections: general information of the farm, agricultural and structural information, zootechnical information, sanitary and veterinarian information, information about education and extension, and information on the perspectives of future farming. About 59% of analyzed farms have size up to 20 ha, with average size of about 10 ha. On the other hand, about 55% farms raises up to 15 cows and heifers with average of 6 heads per farm, while 3% of farms have more than 200 cows and heifers. Over 86% of surveyed farmers intend to expand existing farm production, mainly by increasing the number of animals, stricter selection and improvement of the conditions for feeding, housing, care and milking. About 75% of farmers have expressed a positive expectation from future membership of Serbia in EU, although these expectations are not clearly defined.

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Brown, Colin G., Scott A. Waldron, and John Francis Wilkins. "Specialisation and intensification of farming systems in Western China." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-04-2015-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact on household and farming systems of government efforts to modernise production, build scale and develop specialisation in the Tibet dairy industry. Design/methodology/approach An overview of policy strategies and industry developments is used to frame detailed micro-level analysis of household and farming systems where impacts on households are explored from both a comparative static and dynamic perspective. Findings Specialisation and intensification improve household returns but elicit major changes in the farming and household systems and engagement with external markets. For instance, scaling up from three to ten improved cows increases returns from farm activities by one-half but shifts households from a state of food self-sufficiency to one where they need to sell two-thirds of their dairy products and buy three-fifths of their livestock feed. Research limitations/implications The diversity among Tibetan farm households and the dynamic changes occurring in farm productivity, product markets and agrarian systems means that the empirical results are used as illustrative rather than definitive. Originality/value Relative to the large attention on the Chinese dairy industry with regard to food safety and industry development, the impacts of dairy specialisation on smallholders especially in western China have been overlooked. The case highlights several issues relevant to agrarian transition and development including changing labour use, risk exposure and engagement with external markets.

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Zuliani, Anna, Lars Esbjerg, Klaus Grunert, and Stefano Bovolenta. "Animal Welfare and Mountain Products from Traditional Dairy Farms: How Do Consumers Perceive Complexity?" Animals 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8110207.

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This qualitative study aims to investigate consumers’ perceptions toward dairy cow welfare in traditional mountain farms. While consumers’ understanding of conventional dairy production and animal welfare has already been investigated, how consumers perceive animal welfare in traditional mountain dairy farming remains still unexplored. Focus group interviews were conducted with consumers having different degrees of geographical proximity to mountains and with an explicit interest in local dairy products. The results of this qualitative study show that participants expect mountain farming to be on a smaller scale when compared to non-mountain farming systems and expect mountain products to be healthier. Similarly, all participants consider origin, locality, and small-scale production as relevant quality attributes of mountain cheese. However, the appreciation of these abstract features did not necessarily result in their recognition when sample pictures of traditional husbandry systems were provided especially in the case of urban participants. This study contributes to reveal the gap between urban consumers’ conception of mountain farming and the actual farming practices. It also indicates the need to promote an effective science-based dialogue on animal welfare that goes beyond an anthropomorphic perspective and tackles the complexity of farming systems in relation to the context in which they are located.

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OLIVEIRA, MARLA CONCEIÇÃO, JOSÉ MAURÍCIO DE SOUZA CAMPOS, ANDRÉ SOARES DE OLIVEIRA, MARCELO DE ANDRADE FERREIRA, and AIRON APARECIDO SILVA DE MELO. "BENCHMARKS FOR MILK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE PERNAMBUCO AGRESTE REGION, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n324rc.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to identify and assess the technological, zootechnical and socioeconomic profiles and identify and quantify benchmarks for dairy cattle production systems, in a non - experimental approach, aiming to contribute to the sustainability and competitiveness of dairy farming in the Pernambuco Agreste region, northeastern Brazil. Thirty-six milk production systems of family and corporate farming were evaluated during twelve months, in order to identify and quantify the benchmarks. The systems were characterized regarding their size and technological, zootechnical and economic profiles. The correlation coefficients of the return rate on invested capital were assessed and regression equations were developed for each indicator, according to four scenarios of annual return rates (4, 6, 8 and 10%). The indicators evaluated were milk production per dairy cows, milk production per area, average price of milk, effective operational cost, total operating cost, total cost per price of milk and profitability. The dairy farming in the Pernambuco Agreste region pays the production costs, but tends to a not adequate remuneration of family labor and a need of external capital input for replacement of the assets. The productivity of production factors area and animals showed higher correlation with cost-effectiveness, denoting the need for increase the production through increases in land area and milk productivity per dairy cow. The identification and quantification of benchmarks may help to identify the weak points of dairy farming in the Agreste region, making it sustainable and competitive.

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Fourichon, C., F. Beaudeau, N. Bareille, and H. Seegers. "Incidence of health disorders in dairy farming systems in western France." Livestock Production Science 68, no. 2-3 (March 2001): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00249-9.

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Battini, F., A. Agostini, V. Tabaglio, and S. Amaducci. "Environmental impacts of different dairy farming systems in the Po Valley." Journal of Cleaner Production 112 (January 2016): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.062.

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Shadbolt, Nicola, Femi Olubode-Awosola, and Bvundzai Rutsito. "RESILIENCE IN DAIRY FARM BUSINESSES; TO BOUNCE WITHOUT BREAKING." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 1138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v7i3.6401.

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New Zealand dairy farmers face an increasingly turbulent business environment. To cope with a turbulent environment, they need to have resilient farming systems that have the capacity to better deal with volatility. The main purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of what resilience means for dairy farming and to determine how it might be measured. Resilience can be described as buffer capacity, adaptability and transformability with increasing degrees of change required with each. The research for this paper focused on buffer capacity, the ability of a farming system to bounce without breaking, and carried out rigorous statistical analysis of the DairyBase database to identify resilience surrogate measures. Of the three attributes of buffer capacity the PCA method identified that the dominant attribute was resistance (both technical and financial efficiency), the less dominant were precariousness (solvency) and latitude (liquidity) attributes. In conclusion, the farms that were able to demonstrate both short-term optimization and long-term adaptability were those that were neither low input nor high input pasture based farms. They had farming systems that were able to both respond to favourable and unfavourable conditions to improve or protect results respectively; they displayed the flexibility to bounce and not break.

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Bebe, B. O., H. M. J. Udo, and W. Thorpe. "Development of Smallholder Dairy Systems in the Kenya Highlands." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 2 (June 2002): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101293958.

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Kenya is recognized among developing countries for its success in integrating dairy into smallholder farming systems, particularly in the highland areas. The major determinants of this success were colonial history, its favourable agroecology and supportive agricultural policies, and the importance of milk in rural and urban diets. In response to agricultural policies, market opportunities and human population pressure on land, smallholders have changed their farming systems by introducing the Friesian and Ayrshire breeds, keeping smaller herds with fewer heifers but more cows, increasing stocking rates through stall-feeding, growing fodder, purchasing feeds and becoming more dependent on external inputs and services. As a result, they can sell more milk. This increasing intensification, here defined as the use of external inputs and services to increase the output quantity and/or value per unit input, has ensured that more people are maintained per unit of land through increased returns per ha of family land. Because the level of intensification varies with the agroecological potential for cropping and dairying and with the level of milk market access and household resources, recommendations for production practices supporting intensification will be site-specific. Identifying appropriate recommendations will require a thorough understanding of farmers' objectives for keeping cattle.

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Scano, Paola, and Pierluigi Caboni. "Innovation Meets Tradition in the Sheep and Goat Dairy Industry." Dairy 2, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2030033.

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Jago, J., C. Eastwood, K. Kerrisk, and I. Yule. "Precision dairy farming in Australasia: adoption, risks and opportunities." Animal Production Science 53, no. 9 (2013): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12330.

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Dairy farm management has historically been based on the experiential learning and intuitive decision-making skills of the owner-operator. Larger herds and increasingly complex farming systems, combined with the availability of new information technologies, are prompting an evolution to an increasingly data-driven ‘precision dairy’ (PD) management approach. Automation and the collection of fine-scale data on animals and farm resources via precision technologies can facilitate enhanced efficiency and decision making on dairy farms. The proportion of dairy farmers using this approach is relatively small (between 10 and 20% of farmers); however, industry trends suggest a continual increase in the use of precision technologies. Australasian PD farms have reported both positive and negative stories regarding the approach but to date there has been little industry attention or co-ordination in Australia or New Zealand. A series of workshops was held in late 2011 between industry-good representatives, researchers and farmers, from Australia and New Zealand, to discuss the opportunities and risks associated with PD. To take advantage of the emerging PD opportunity the trans-Tasman workshop group suggested five focus areas including: industry-good co-ordination and leadership in precision dairy; working to define the on- and off-farm value of PD; improving the technology available to farmers; integration of PD within farming systems for improved management; and developing learning and training initiatives for farmers and service providers. Action in these focus areas will enable future dairy farmers to implement the PD approach with enhanced confidence and effectiveness.

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Wiesner, Susanne, Alison J. Duff, Ankur R. Desai, and Kevin Panke-Buisse. "Increasing Dairy Sustainability with Integrated Crop–Livestock Farming." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030765.

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Dairy farms are predominantly carbon sources, due to high livestock emissions from enteric fermentation and manure. Integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLSs) have the potential to offset these greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as recycling products within the farm boundaries is prioritized. Here, we quantify seasonal and annual greenhouse gas budgets of an ICLS dairy farm in Wisconsin USA using satellite remote sensing to estimate vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines to calculate farm emissions. Remotely sensed annual vegetation NPP correlated well with farm harvest NPP (R2 = 0.9). As a whole, the farm was a large carbon sink, owing to natural vegetation carbon sinks and harvest products staying within the farm boundaries. Dairy cows accounted for 80% of all emissions as their feed intake dominated farm feed supply. Manure emissions (15%) were low because manure spreading was frequent throughout the year. In combination with soil conservation practices, ICLS farming provides a sustainable means of producing nutritionally valuable food while contributing to sequestration of atmospheric CO2. Here, we introduce a simple and cost-efficient way to quantify whole-farm GHG budgets, which can be used by farmers to understand their carbon footprint, and therefore may encourage management strategies to improve agricultural sustainability.

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Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah Binti, Yann de Mey, and Alfons Oude Lansink. "Measuring and explaining multi-directional inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry." British Food Journal 119, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2788–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2016-0549.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the technical inefficiency of dairy farms and subsequently investigate the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry. Design/methodology/approach This study uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to measure the technical inefficiency scores on a sample of 200 farm observations and single-bootstrap truncated regression model to define factors affecting technical inefficiency. Findings Managerial and program inefficiency scores are presented for intensive and semi-intensive production systems. The results reveal marked differences in the inefficiency scores across inputs and between production systems. Practical implications Intensive systems generally have lowest managerial and program inefficiency scores in the Malaysian dairy farming sector. Policy makers could use this information to advise dairy farmers to convert their farming system to the intensive system. Social implications The results suggest that the Malaysian Government should redefine its policy for providing farm finance and should target young farmers when designing training and extension programs in order to improve the performance of the dairy sector. Originality/value The existing literature on Southeast Asian dairy farming has neither focused on investigating input-specific efficiency nor on comparing managerial and program efficiency. This paper aims to fill this gap.

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Peacock, Andrew, and Robert Boyce. "Biomimetic robotics heralds new era in dairy farming." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 30, no. 5 (October 2003): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910310492158.

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HOFSTETTER, P., H. J. FREY, C. GAZZARIN, U. WYSS, and P. KUNZ. "Dairy farming: indoor v. pasture-based feeding." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, no. 6 (April 8, 2014): 994–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000227.

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SUMMARYThe current situation of volatile milk prices and rising costs of, e.g. grain and labour, suggests that it is worth studying productivity and efficiency in dairy farming. The objective of the current whole-system study, carried out in lowland Central Switzerland from 2007 to 2010, was to compare the performance, efficiency, land productivity and profitability of indoor-feeding (IF) dairy production with that of pasture-based feeding (PF) dairy production. An IF herd consisting of 11 Holstein–Friesian (HF) and 13 Brown Swiss (BS) cows was kept in a free-stall barn and fed a part-mixed ration (PMR) of maize silage, grass silage and protein concentrate. The cows were allocated 15·8 ha of agricultural land (AL). In the PMR, an average per lactation of 443 kg protein concentrate and 651 kg compound feed was fed by a concentrate dispenser according to the requirements of each cow. The PF herd comprised 14 Swiss Fleckvieh (SF) and 14 BS cows, which were kept in a free-stall barn throughout the winter; barn-ventilated hay was offered ad libitum during the lactation period. This herd was allocated 15·7 ha of AL. After calving in spring, the PF cows grazed on semi-continuous pastures; they consumed an average of 285 kg of concentrate per lactation. The IF cows of the BS breed produced significantly more energy-corrected milk (ECM) per standard lactation compared with PF cows (8750 v. 5610 kg), more milk fat (350 v. 213 kg) and more milk protein (306 v. 203 kg). However, the milk of PF cows had higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (1·9 v. 0·6 g/100 g fat) and ω−3 fatty acids (1·7 v. 0·9 g/100 g fat) than the milk of the IF cows. The calving interval (378 v. 405 days) and the empty time (87 v. 118 days) of the BS breed were significantly shorter in the PF in comparison with that of the IF production system. The IF herd yielded significantly higher ECM/ha AL and year (12 716 v. 10 307 kg), and showed a higher feed efficiency (1·3 v. 1·1 kg ECM/kg of total dry matter intake (DMI)). The productivity per hour was roughly similar in the two systems (IF: 76 v. PF: 73 kg milk/h). The PF system resulted in higher labour income compared with the IF system (20·7 v. 13·4 €/h), but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, land productivity and efficiency were higher with the IF herd than the PF herd due to the higher energy intake per kg feed. However, within the given conditions, the more interesting case, economically, might be the reduced costs and improved milk quality of the PF system rather than the increased milk yield of the IF cows.

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Qu, Yunlong, Guiling Sun, Bowen Zheng, and Wang Liu. "Environment Monitoring System of Dairy Cattle Farming Based on Multi Parameter Fusion." Information 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070273.

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Aiming at the difficulty in obtaining environmental parameters in dairy cattle breeding, this paper proposes and implements a dairy cattle breeding environment monitoring system based on Bluetooth and B/S architecture. In order to reduce the cost of cross-platform deployment, the overall system adopts the B/S architecture and introduces a Bootstrap responsive layout; in order to improve the human–computer interaction capabilities, the Echarts graphical plug-in is introduced; and in order to enhance the stability of Bluetooth communication, a time-sharing connection mechanism and sampling are designed along with a cycle adaptive adjustment mechanism. The experimental results show that the system has a good user experience on various smart terminal devices. The time-sharing connection mechanism solves the repeated disconnection problem under the Bluetooth one-master, multiple-slave star connection. The system can be used in the dairy cow growth environment. With real-time monitoring and accurate early warning, it reduces the deployment and use cost of the system and has broad application prospects.

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Sintori, Alexandra, Irene Tzouramani, and Angelos Liontakis. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Dairy Goat Farming Systems: Abatement Potential and Cost." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110945.

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Dairy goat farming is an important agricultural activity in the Mediterranean region. In Greece the activity offers occupation and income to thousands of families mainly located in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas of the country where it utilizes low productivity pastures and shrub lands. Furthermore, goats are more resilient to climate changes compared to other species, and are often characterized as ideal for keeping in drought areas. However, there is still limited evidence on total greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from goat farms and their mitigation potential. In this context, this study aims to estimate GHG emissions of goat farms in Greece and explore their abatement options using an economic optimization model. Three case studies are explored i.e., an extensive, a semi-intensive and an intensive goat farm that correspond to the main goat production systems identified in Greece. The analysis aims to assess total GHGs as well as the impact of abatement on the structures, gross margins and labor inputs of the farms under investigation. The issue of the marginal abatement cost is also addressed. The results indicate that the extensive farm causes higher emissions/kg of milk produced (4.08 kg CO2-eq) compared to the semi-intensive and intensive farms (2.04 kg and 1.82 kg of CO2-equivelants, respectively). The results also emphasize the higher marginal abatement cost of the intensive farm. In all farm types, abatement is achieved primarily through the reduction of the livestock capital and secondarily by other appropriate farming practices, like substitution of purchased feed with homegrown feed.

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Khalil, M., and M. El-Ashmawy. "FEATURES OF DAIRY FARMING UNDER CROP-LIVESTOCK MIXED SYSTEMS IN UPPER EGYPT." Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2009.112335.

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Orjales, I., M. Lopez-Alonso, M. Miranda, H. Alaiz-Moretón, C. Resch, and S. López. "Dairy cow nutrition in organic farming systems. Comparison with the conventional system." Animal 13, no. 5 (2019): 1084–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731118002392.

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Kaouche-Adjlane, S., F. Ghozlane, and A. Mati. "Typology of dairy farming systems in the Mediterranean basin (Case of Algeria)." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 31, no. 3 (2015): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1503385k.

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Characterization of breeding dairy cattle systems from the Mediterranean basin was conducted on 16 farms in the north center region of Algeria through a survey. Results are highly variable both structurally and in techno- economic management terms. The principal component analysis and clusters analysis have identified four groups of farms that differ in feeding strategies. The first group contains four farms that promote the use of forages (61.8% of the total dry matter (DM) intake). The costs are above the general averages (cost of production: 38.4 DA / liter ? 0.34 ? and cost of food in total production costs = 71.8%). The average annual productivity is about 4328.6 kg. Five farms of group 2 are characterized by milk yields below average (4146.5 kg). The concentrates represent only 39.3% of total DM intake. The cost of production (37.1 DA ? 0.33 ?/ liter of milk) and food costs are the lowest (65.17% of total production costs). The third group contains 5 farms dominated by profitable farms (4833.4 kg) and the lower cost of production (35.2 DA ? 0.31 ?). A relatively high proportion of DM is provided by forages (53.6%). Food accounts for 69.2% of the total production cost. The fourth group consists of two farms whose main characteristic is the total absence of forage production. This is associated with a significant contribution of concentrates in the global feed balance (48.8% of total DM intake). These concentrated foods were poorly converted into milk as recorded yields are the lowest (3561.2 kg). Production costs are highest (45.1 DA ? 0.40 ?) and relation price of food/total cost of production is very high (79.3%). So there are areas for improvement via land restructuring and the adoption of healthy feeding practices in order to ensure the profitability and sustainability of farms identified in this study.

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Aubron, Claire, Hubert Cochet, Gilles Brunschwig, and Charles Henri Moulin. "Labor and its Productivity in Andean Dairy Farming Systems: A Comparative Approach." Human Ecology 37, no. 4 (July 11, 2009): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9267-9.

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Bühlen, Franziska, Silvia Ivemeyer, Christian Krutzinna, and Ute Knierim. "Potential effects of automatic milking systems on grazing in organic dairy farming." Organic Agriculture 4, no. 4 (October 19, 2014): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13165-014-0083-1.

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Kraatz, Simone. "Energy intensity in livestock operations – Modeling of dairy farming systems in Germany." Agricultural Systems 110 (July 2012): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2012.03.007.

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Smith, Andrew P., and Andrew W. Western. "Predicting nitrogen dynamics in a dairy farming catchment using systems synthesis modelling." Agricultural Systems 115 (February 2013): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2012.08.006.

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Kaustubh Bhave, Sachin Joshi, Vinod Potdar Yuvraj Gaundare, Nikhil Punde Tejashree Shirsath, and Marimuthu Swaminathan. "Performance of Sex Sorted Semen under Indian Small Holder Dairy Farming Systems." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 1335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.158.

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Harrison, B. P., M. Dorigo, C. K. Reynolds, L. A. Sinclair, J. Dijkstra, and P. P. Ray. "Determinants of phosphorus balance and use efficiency in diverse dairy farming systems." Agricultural Systems 194 (December 2021): 103273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103273.

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Raedts, P. J. M., S. C. Garcia, D. F. Chapman, G. R. Edwards, N. Lane, and R. P. Rawnsley. "Is systems research addressing the current and future needs of dairy farms?" Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16647.

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During the past decade, Australian and New Zealand dairy farmers have been increasingly exposed to volatility in milk prices, declining terms of trade, climate variability, changing regulation, and increasing consumer demand to demonstrate their ‘social licence to farm’. In response to the varying challenges, it is not surprising that we see significant diversity in dairy-farm systems in Australia and New Zealand. Despite much research effort to address these challenges at both the component and farm-system level, the evidence of adoption and dairy farming-system change over the past 5 years has been inconclusive. The present review explores how farmers and systems research have been affected and are responding, and whether systems research is developing research in the appropriate direction, proactively researching dairy-farming systems that are resilient, profitable and sustainable into the future, notwithstanding the increased volatility that dairy farms are experiencing. While much farm systems research in Australia and New Zealand has addressed the challenges associated with improving productivity and profitability, and the known challenges such as climate variability and improving environmental outcomes, there is need to fore-sight future risk, challenges and opportunities for dairy systems. It is also important that the system researchers explore alternative approaches such as working collaboratively with the known system experts, the dairy farmer, in a participatory environment to increase rate of knowledge transfer and adoption of positive research outcome.

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Shopagulov, O., I. Tretyakov, A. Ismailova, and A. Gostin. "SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY FARM ANIMALS." PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES 2, no. 336 (April 15, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1726.24.

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The relevance of this project lies in the fact that the use of modern digital, informational and intelligent technologies makes it possible to keep records of dairy productivity quickly and to respond to changes in the health of livestock in a timely manner. The result will increase the efficiency of resource potential use, as well as profitability and attractiveness of dairy cattle breeding for investors. The systems developed will also enable agricultural producers to make concrete decisions based on automated data analysis. The high quality of milk in the dairy farming industry, taking into account the feedback from the household to the consumer, ensures the competitiveness in the direction of the dairy industry. The article describes in detail a mathematical model for automating on-farm production control of dairy products, which will have an impact on the leveling of the commodity market. Also there are described the results of implementation of already developed software products for accounting of animal status on dairy farms of Northern Kazakhstan. As a result, some recommendations for the use of the developed software are given. In this way detailed results have been described for each farm, indicating the characteristics and status of the farms to date. The results obtained will be studied and considered by farmers at the local level to organise production processes. The implementation of this task will take place at the Seyfullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University. We have established a scientific group to develop and implement IT solutions for a large number of processes in agricultural production. This scientific programme is the first integrated solution aimed at introducing and adapting best practices in the application of digital technologies in dairy farming in Northern Kazakhstan.

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Senthilkumar, T., NK Sudeepkumar, and M. Thirunavukkarasu. "Distance education on dairy farming - its impact among learners." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 10, 2013): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14133.

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A study was conducted to assess the impact of the distance education courses on dairy and goat farming on knowledge gained, skills obtained and economic benefits attained by the learners. The data was collected from 100 respondents who were selected randomly from 221 successful candidates during the period of 2000-01 to 2004-05. A majority of the respondents gained knowledge in credit/ insurance, housing systems followed by farm economics, clean milk production, calf rearing and feed and feeding methods. The respondents of all categories had increased their farm size (with percentage gain ranged between 59.38 and 75.07) and daily average milk yield (with percentage gain ranged between 48.34 and 66.17). Further the small, medium and large category farmers had gained additional income with per cent gain ranged from 73.38 to 122.26. There was a highly significant gain in production and income in all categories of farmers with respect to farm size, milk yield, sale of milk, dung and animals and net change in the value of stock.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14133Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 40 (2): 136-140

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Scholtz, MM, J. Du Toit, and FWC Neser. "Antagonism in the carbon footprint between beef and dairy production systems." South African Journal of Animal Science 44, no. 5 (January 19, 2015): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v44i5.4.

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Primary beef cattle farming in South Africa is largely extensive, whereas dairy farming is based on both total mixed ration and pasture production systems. Under natural rangeland conditions, decomposition of manure is aerobic, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2), part of which is absorbed by the regrowth of vegetation rather than released into the atmosphere, and water (H2O) as end products. Thus the cow releases methane (CH4) and the manure CO2. This is in contrast to intensive cow-calf systems in large parts of Europe and North America, where large quantities of manure are stockpiled and undergo anaerobic decomposition and produce CH4. Thus both the cow and the manure release CH4, which result in a higher carbon footprint than the extensive cow-calf systems. In dairy farming, increasing cow efficiency through intensive feeding (same kg milk output by fewer animals) can reduce farm CH4 production by up to 15%. In addition, when differences in productivity are accounted for, pasture systems require more resources (land, feed, water, etc.) per unit of milk produced and the carbon footprint is greater than that of intensive systems. This raises the question as to why the carbon footprint of intensive dairy cow production systems is less, but the carbon footprint of intensive beef cow-calf production systems is higher. The explanation lies in the differences in production levels. In the case of beef cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 30% higher than that of the extensive cows, and the weaning weight of their calves will also differ by ± 30%. In the case of dairy cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 20% higher, but their milk production will be ± 60% higher. The higher increase in production (milk) of intensive dairy cows, compared to the increase in production (calf weight) of intensive beef cows, explains the antagonism in the carbon footprint between different beef and dairy production systems. Unfortunately, carbon sequestration estimates have been neglected and thus the quantitative effects of these differences are not known.Keywords: Cow-calf production, methane, pasture production, production levels, total mixed ration

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Ilyas, Hafiz Muhammad Abrar, Majeed Safa, Alison Bailey, Sara Rauf, and Azeem Khan. "Energy Efficiency Outlook of New Zealand Dairy Farming Systems: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010251.

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This study evaluates energy efficiency of pastoral (PDFs) and barn (BDFs) dairy farming systems in New Zealand through application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Two models constant return to scale (CCR) and variable return to scale (BCC) of DEA were employed for determining the technical (TE), pure technical (PTE) and scale (SE) efficiencies of New Zealand pastoral and barn dairy systems. Further, benchmarking was also performed to separate efficient and inefficient dairy farms and energy saving potential was identified for both dairy systems based upon their optimal energy consumption. For this study, the energy inputs data were taken from 50 dairy farms (including PDFs and BDFs) across Canterbury, New Zealand. The results indicated that the average technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of pastoral (PDFs) dairy systems were 0.84, 0.90, 0.93 and for barn (BDFs) systems were 0.78, 0.84, 0.92, respectively, showing that energy efficiency is slightly better in PDFs system than the BDFs. From the total number of dairy farms 40% and 48% were efficient based on the constant return to scale and variable return to scale models, respectively. Further, the energy saving potential for PDFs and BDFs dairy systems through optimal energy consumption were identified as 23% and 35%, respectively. Thus, energy auditing, use of renewable energy and precision agricultural technology were recommended for energy efficiency improvement in both dairy systems.

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Rodríguez-Bermúdez, Ruth, Marta Miranda, Javier Baudracco, Ramiro Fouz, Victor Pereira, and Marta López-Alonso. "Breeding for organic dairy farming: what types of cows are needed?" Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 1 (February 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000141.

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AbstractOrganic farming is believed by many to be an environmentally friendly production system that promotes the use of local forage while strongly limiting the input of chemicals, including allopathic treatments. As organic dairy farming has grown, farmers have realised that many available conventional breeds of cow are not well adapted to the new situations and that more ‘robust’ cows, able to function well in the constraining organic environment, are needed to yield acceptable longevity and productivity. In this review paper, the current breed diversity in organic dairy farming is analysed with the aim of identifying the types of cow that would best fulfil organic breeding goals. Unlike the conventional sector, organic dairy farming is very heterogeneous and no single type of cow can adapt well to all scenarios. There are advantages and disadvantages to the use of existing breeds (rustic Holstein-Friesian, other rustic breeds and crosses), and strong genotype × environment interactions demand different strategies for very diverse situations. Organic dairy farms producing milk for systems that recompense milk volume would benefit from using higher milk yielding cows, and rustic Holstein-Friesian cows may be the best option in such cases. Although most Holstein-Friesian cows are currently selected for use in conventional systems, this situation could be reversed by the implementation of an organic merit index that includes organic breeding goals. Farms producing milk either for systems that recompense milk solids or for transformation into dairy products would benefit from using breeds other than Holstein-Friesian or their crosses. Organic farmers who focus on rural tourism, farm schools or other businesses in which marketing strategies must be taken into account could benefit from using local breeds (when possible) or other rustic breeds that are highly valued by consumers.

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Passetti, Rodrigo Augusto Cortêz, Carlos Emanuel Eiras, Ludmila Couto Gomes, Junio Fabiano dos Santos, and Ivanor Nunes do Prado. "Intensive dairy farming systems from Holland and Brazil: SWOT analyse comparison." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 38, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i4.31467.

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Intensive systems of milk production in Brazil and Holland are compared by SWOT analysis. Twenty-one farms, 10 in Wageningen, central region of Holland, and 11 in Castro, central-eastern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were sampled. Data were retrieved from semi-structured interviews with the owners or people responsible for dairy activities, using a questionnaire guide and a digital recorder. After results were analysed, a table was elaborated representing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks for each country. Dairy farms in Holland were uniform, or rather, small and medium-sized farms with high production. It has also been observed that Dutch farms have several problems due to high intensification, for example, hoof diseases with great economic loss. In the case of Brazilian dairy farms, several types of systems and degrees were detected. Brazilian production in the region analysed features a higher quantity than that in Holland, with less intensity when compared to that on Dutch farms.

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Cranston, Lydia M., Keith G. Pembleton, Lucy L. Burkitt, Andrew Curtis, Daniel J. Donaghy, Cameron J. P. Gourley, Kerry C. Harrington, James L. Hills, Luke W. Pembleton, and Richard P. Rawnsley. "The role of forage management in addressing challenges facing Australasian dairy farming." Animal Production Science 60, no. 1 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18570.

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Forage management underpins the viability of pastoral dairy systems. This review investigated recent developments in forage research and their potential to enable pastoral dairy systems to meet the challenges that will be faced over the next 10 years. Grazing management, complementary forages, pasture diversity, fertiliser use, chemical restriction, irrigation management and pasture breeding are considered. None of these areas of research are looking to increase production directly through increased inputs, but, rather, they aim to lift maximum potential production, defend against production decline or improve the efficiency of the resource base and inputs. Technology approaches consistently focus on improving efficiency, while genetic improvement or the use of complementary forages and species diversity aim to lift production. These approaches do not require additional labour to implement, but many will require an increase in skill level. Only a few areas will help address animal welfare (e.g. the use of selected complementary forages and novel endophytes) and only complementary forages will help address increased competition from non-dairy alternatives, by positively influencing the properties of milk. Overall, the diversity of activity and potential effects will provide managers of pastoral dairy systems with the best tools to respond to the production and environmental challenges they face over the next 10 years.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dairy farming systems'

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