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Journal articles on the topic 'Dairy farm effluents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 July 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hamoda, Mohamed F., and Saed M. Al-Awadi. "Wastewater management in a dairy farm." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 11 (1995): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0387.

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Field sampling and laboratory experimentation were conducted on wastewater effluent generated at a dairy farm in order to characterise the wastewater, evaluate existing primary treatment facilities, and examine an appropriate wastewater treatment system to produce good quality effluents. It has been found that the farm contributes effluents containing considerable loads of organics, solids and nutrient pollutants. Existing treatment facilities which are limited to batch-operated primary settling tanks, are not capable of producing good quality effluent. Experimentation on an aerobic, suspended

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2

Illarze, Gabriela, Pilar Irisarri, and Amabelia Del Pino Machado. "Farm dairy effluent irrigation." Agrociencia Uruguay 28, Supplement theses (2024): e1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.28.1563.

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Dairy intensification produces a large amount of farm dairy effluents (FDE). The final disposal of FDE is generally to the soil as fertilizer. While this use of FDE as fertilizer has numerous benefits, such as reducing the application of synthetic fertilizers or improving soil quality, there are concerns about the environmental and health risks associated with microbial pathogens from animal waste, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, nutrient losses and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, how this agricultural practice impacts the composition and functionality of soil microbi

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3

Rivas Lucero, Bertha, Mélida Gutiérrez, J. Magaña Magaña, Francisco Márquez Salcido, and Walter Márquez Fierro. "Salt Content of Dairy Farm Effluents as an Indicator of Salinization Risk to Soils." Soil Systems 2, no. 4 (2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2040061.

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Water used for irrigation is a leading source of induced salinity in semiarid areas. Within the Irrigation District 005 in northern Mexico, there are more than 100 dairy farms housing over 72,000 dairy cows, 74% of which are concentrated in approximately 30 intensive-operation farms. Dairy farm effluents (DFE) and manure are collected and stored temporarily until they are applied to the land to fertilize pasture and other crops. DFE vary in salt content, depending on specific farm operations. The risk of soil salinization by DFE was estimated by measuring electrical conductivity (EC) of both w

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4

Willers, H. C., X. N. Karamanlis, and D. D. Schulte. "Potential of closed water systems on dairy farms." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 5 (1999): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0229.

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A more sustainable water management on dairy farms is necessary because of rising tap water production costs and exhaustion of groundwater resources in an increasing number of areas. Alternative water sources like rain water collected from roofs and yards and effluents from on-site wastewater treatment should be considered. The objective of this paper is to discuss options for closed water systems on dairy farms. Animal drinking and cleaning of milking equipment are major water demands on dairy farms. In some regions large volumes are needed for grassland irrigation or manure flushing. Treatme

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5

Bolan, N. S., S. Laurenson, J. Luo, and J. Sukias. "Integrated treatment of farm effluents in New Zealand’s dairy operations." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 22 (2009): 5490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.004.

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6

Nurcahya, Intan, Indra Permana, Erviyana Windiastuti, and Rizki Nuralam. "Effects of Land Application of Farm Dairy Effluent on The Growth of Sweet Corn." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 2 (2023): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.6134.

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This study investigates the impact of land application of farm dairy effluent (FDE) on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata). The agricultural sector faces increasing challenges in managing effluents sustainably, and the utilization of FDE as a potential nutrient source for crop production has gained prominence. Field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of FDE application on sweet corn with different rate of irrigation. Randomized completely block design was used an experimental design with different irrigation rate i.e. A = 0% FC effluent, B = 25% FC efflu

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7

Forbes, E. G. A., R. H. Foy, M. V. Mulholland, and J. L. Brettell. "Performance of a constructed wetland for treating farm-yard dirty water." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (2011): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.584.

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used to treat agricultural effluents with varying success especially with respect to their operational efficiency in winter and ability to retain phosphorus. Dirty water (DW) from dairy farms is a mixture of manure contaminated runoff and milk parlour washings with a highly polluting biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ≤3,000 mg/L. The initial performance a CW of a 1.2 ha horizontal flow CW consisting of five ponds in series designed to treat DW from a dairy unit was assessed over four years. Ponds were earth-lined and shallow (0.3 m) with a water residence tim

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8

Hull-Cantillo, Marianne, Mark Lay, Graeme Glasgow, and Peter Kovalsky. "The Hard Reality of Biogas Production through the Anaerobic Digestion of Algae Grown in Dairy Farm Effluents." Fermentation 10, no. 3 (2024): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030137.

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Much emphasis has been given to algal biomass growth in dairy farm wastewater. Most of the systems examined require productive land to be converted and/or freshwater use to dilute high concentrations of nutrients found in dairy effluent. A rotating algal biofilm (RABR) provides the capacity to grow algae without sacrificing productive land or freshwater. In theory, this system would overcome some of the economic and environmental challenges that other systems have. A combination of theoretical information, nutrient uptake formulas, and economic formulas were used to calculate the potential of

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9

Illarze, Gabriela, Amabelia del Pino, Andrea Rodríguez-Blanco, and Pilar Irisarri. "Application of Dairy Effluents to Pastures Affects Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Activity." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (2023): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020470.

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The use of farm dairy effluents (FDE) has become a promising alternative to increase pasture yield while reducing the environmental impact of waste accumulation into streams, but other environmental implications should be considered. The present study aimed to assess the effect of application of either raw FDE or lagoon-stored FDE compared to dissolved urea or a non-amended control on N2O emission, soil N dynamics, functional microbial activity, and the yield and N-use efficiency of a fescue pasture. The normalized N application rate of 200 kg N ha−1 was divided into four seasonal events in a

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10

Gadd, Jennifer B., Louis A. Tremblay, and Grant L. Northcott. "Steroid estrogens, conjugated estrogens and estrogenic activity in farm dairy shed effluents." Environmental Pollution 158, no. 3 (2010): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.015.

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11

MONAGHAN, R. M., and C. A. M. DE KLEIN. "Integration of measures to mitigate reactive nitrogen losses to the environment from grazed pastoral dairy systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, S1 (2014): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859613000956.

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SUMMARYThe need for nitrogen (N) efficiency measures for dairy systems is as great as ever if we are to meet the challenge of increasing global production of animal-based protein while reducing N losses to the environment. The present paper provides an overview of current N efficiency and mitigation options for pastoral dairy farm systems and assesses the impact of integrating a range of these options on reactive N loss to the environment from dairy farms located in five regions of New Zealand with contrasting soil, climate and farm management attributes. Specific options evaluated were: (i) e

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12

FARNET, A., P. PRUDENT, M. CIGNA, and R. GROS. "Soil microbial activities in a constructed soil reed-bed under cheese-dairy farm effluents." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 14 (2008): 6198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.026.

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13

G. Merlin and A. Gaillot. "Treatment of Dairy Farm Effluents Using a Settling Tank and Reed Beds: Performance Analysis of a Farm-Scale System." Transactions of the ASABE 53, no. 5 (2010): 1681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.34893.

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14

Raposo, Vera B., Luís Silva, and Sílvia Quadros. "Azorean Vascular Plants with Potential Use in Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Subsurface Flow." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 14681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214681.

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Constructed wetlands are considered integrated ecosystems and a promising wastewater treatment option, relying on vegetation, soils, and microbial assemblages. The potential dispersal of effluents from domestic septic systems, the application of dairy farm effluents containing excessive nutrients and pathogens into pastures, and undertreated effluent discharge in coastal areas are some of the threats to water quality in the Azores. Constructed wetlands could be used in the Azores to protect and preserve the quality of drinking water sources and bathing waters. However, the most used plant spec

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15

Illarze, Gabriela, Amabelia del Pino, and Pilar Irisarri. "Differences in Bacterial Communities and Pathogen Indicators of Raw and Lagoon-Stabilized Farm Dairy Effluents." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (2024): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020305.

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One practice for handling farm dairy effluent (DE) comprises recycling them to the soil with the challenge of balancing the tradeoff associated with environmental pollution through nutrient and microorganism loading. This study investigated seasonal bacterial community composition, diversity, abundance, and pathogenic indicators in untreated (Raw) and lagoon-stabilized (Lagoon) DE. The correlation between bacterial profiles and DE physicochemical characteristics was also analyzed. Pathogen-indicator bacteria were studied by enumerating viable counts and the bacterial community structure by 16S

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16

Senchuk, M. M. "Comprehensive biotechnology of livestock farm wastewater purification." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1 (194) (May 22, 2025): 115–28. https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2025-194-1-115-128.

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The environmental situation in the country, domestic and foreign experience of biologisation of agriculture indicate the need to develop and implement post-industrial bioconversion technologies and their integrated use. Currently, the problem of treating concentrated wastewater, which also includes livestock farm wastewater, is becoming increasingly important in addressing environmental issues. The use of livestock wastewater on irrigation fields and composting does not allow for the full range of organic matter available in them. On the other hand, the current methods of treating and disinfec

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17

Illarze, Gabriela, Amabelia Del Pino, Gastón Azzíz, and Pilar Irisarri. "Effect of untreated and stabilized dairy effluent applications on soil fertility and associated health risks." Agrociencia Uruguay 28, NE1 (2024): e1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.28.1184.

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The intensification of dairy production in Uruguay generates increasing volumes of organic waste that are difficult to handle and may entail health risks. Irrigation with farm dairy effluents (DE) is a recommended agricultural practice to improve soil fertility. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of raw (RDE) and two-lagoon stabilized effluents (LDE), urea fertilization, or non-amendment to Festuca arundinacea on soil and plant nutrient content, as well as pathogenic bacterial indicators and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes. In a greenhouse tr

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18

Farnet, A. M., P. Prudent, F. Ziarelli, M. Domeizel, and R. Gros. "Solid-state 13C NMR to assess organic matter transformation in a subsurface wetland under cheese-dairy farm effluents." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 20 (2009): 4899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.007.

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19

Chyrykava, Marharyta S., Alena М. Hlushen, Iryna I. Aliashkevich, and Kiryl A. Hubchyk. "Integrated biological wastewater treatment for meat and dairy industry." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2023-1-59-66.

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About 200 enterprises producing meat product and more than 50 enterprises of the dairy industry operate in the Republic of Belarus. Up to 70 % of the water used in these industries is contaminated with fatty substances. At present, physicochemical methods (coagulation and flocculation) and biological treatment using microorganisms-destructors of fats and oils are most widely used for the treatment of fat-containing wastewater, it is advisable to use these treatment methods in combination. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the complete or partial replacement of chemical floccul

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20

GORDEEV, VLADISLAV V., and TATIANA YU MIRONOVA. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR UTILIZING SLURRY EFFLUENTS IN MILKING PARLOURS." AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, no. 6 (2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2020-6-59-65.

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Based on experimental and theoretical studies, the authors determined the payback period for the construction of a greenhouse for utilizing slurry effl uents from a milking parlor in growing fl ower crops. Complete utilization of 4.4 tons of slurry effl uents per day produced on a farm for 640 cows requires a greenhouse for growing roses with an area of almost 0.6 hectares, which is comparable to the total area of cowsheds. The largest share in the cost of rose growing belongs to the cost of depreciation and electricity costs. Capital investments required for the construction of a cultivation

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21

Chen, Siyu, Hong Jie Di, Keith C. Cameron, Andriy Podolyan, Jupei Shen, and Jizheng He. "Effect of treated farm dairy effluents, with or without animal urine, on nitrous oxide emissions, ammonia oxidisers and denitrifiers in the soil." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 5 (2019): 2330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-02229-8.

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22

Silva, Jonathas Batista Goncalves, Mauro Aparecido Martinez, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão, Paulo Roberto Cecon, Antonio Teixeira de Matos, and Leonardo Duarte Batista da Silva. "EFFECTS OF DAIRY FARM WASTEWATER USE IN CULTIVATION ON FIG TREE (FICUS CARICA L.)." IRRIGA 25, no. 3 (2020): 590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2020v25n3p590-602.

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EFFECTS OF DAIRY FARM WASTEWATER USE IN CULTIVATION ON FIG TREE (FICUS CARICA L.)   JONATHAS BATISTA GONCALVES SILVA1; MAURO APARECIDO MARTINEZ2; LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO3; PAULO ROBERTO CECON4; ANTONIO TEIXEIRA DE MATOS5 E LEONARDO DUARTE BATISTA DA SILVA6  1Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n,Bairro São Pedro, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil, jonathas.silva@engenharia.ufjf.br. 2Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFV, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, mmauro@ufv.br 3De

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23

Kato, K., T. Inoue, H. Ietsugu, et al. "Design and performance of hybrid constructed wetland systems for high-content wastewater treatment in the cold climate of Hokkaido, northern Japan." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 7 (2013): 1468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.364.

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The performance of six multistage hybrid constructed wetland systems was evaluated. The systems were designed to treat four kinds of high-content wastewater: dairy wastewater (three systems, average inflow content 2,400–5,000 mg·COD l−1, 3–6 years of operation); pig farm wastewater, including liquid food washing wastewater (one system, 9,500 mg·COD l−1, 3 years); potato starch processing wastewater (one system, 20,000–60,000 mg·COD l−1, 3 years); and wastewater containing pig farm swine urine (one system, 6,600 mg·COD l−1, 2.8 years) (COD = chemical oxygen demand). The systems contained three

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24

Vuksinic, Evelyn, Corina Iris Rodríguez, Anahí Tabera, et al. "Groundwater management in an agro-industrial school in Argentina." UNED Research Journal 11, no. 2 (2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i2.2300.

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Introduction: water management is of paramount importance in productive activities, such as agriculture, livestock and industry, due to its direct impact on both the quality and the availability of this valuable resource. However, groundwater management is usually addressed under a non-integrated approach which originates a high risk of pollution as well as water shortage for food and animal production in the agro-industrial systems. Objective: to analyze water quality for human consumption, hydrogeological features, water demand, and discharge of liquid effluents on soil and surface water. Me

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Cumby, T. R., and V. R. Phillips. "Environmental impacts of livestock production." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500040930.

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AbstractLivestock production under Northern European conditions can affect water, air and soil. Examples of the possible environmental effects on water are fish kills or microbial contamination, if solid manure, slurry, “dirty water” or silage effluent are collected, stored, handled or spread inappropriately. Examples of the possible environmental effects on air are emissions of ammonia (which can lead to acidification and, after subsequent deposition, to eutrophication), the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide, odours and particulates.In the case of water pollution, good management pra

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26

Fanjaniaina, Marie Lucia, Fabien Stark, Noelly Phostin Ramarovahoaka, et al. "Nutrient Flows and Balances in Mixed Farming Systems in Madagascar." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020984.

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Mixed farming systems are still prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. In these systems, the recycling of nutrients through crop-livestock integration (CLI) practices is crucial for the sustainability of soil fertility and crop production. The objective of this study was to analyze nutrient (N, P, K) flows and balances of mixed farming systems to assess CLI contribution to the performance of those systems. We hypothesized that more intensive farms had a better nutrient balance at the farm level, and that improved biomass management methods improved their nutrient balance. Nine farms in the Madagasca

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27

GREER, G. GORDON. "Bacteriophage Control of Foodborne Bacteria†." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 5 (2005): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.5.1102.

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Bacteriophages are measurable components of the natural microflora in the food production continuum from the farm to the retail outlet. Phages are remarkably stable in these environments and are readily recovered from soil, sewage, water, farm and processing plant effluents, feces, and retail foods. Purified high-titer phage lysates have been used for the species-specific control of bacteria during the pre- and postharvest phases of food production and storage. For example, the inhibition of the phytopathogens Erwinia amylovara and Xanthomonas campestris has reduced the incidence of diseases s

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28

Ross, C., and A. Donnison. "Campylobacter and farm dairy effluent irrigation." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 3 (2003): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2003.9513551.

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29

Hubble, Ian, and Robert Phillips. "Tasmanian dairy farm effluent management program." Journal of Cleaner Production 7, no. 2 (1999): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(98)00049-3.

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30

Amador, M. P., R. M. Fernandes, M. C. Prudêncio, and I. M. Duarte. "Impact of Livestock in Quality of Wastewater for Irrigation." Agrociencia 19, no. 3 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.19.256.

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Over the last decades, antibiotics have been used in human and animal therapy and livestock. In Europe, they are not allowed as growth promoters in intensive livestock, but can be used as feed additives in aquaculture and poultry production. Antibiotics are daily excreted as a mixture of unchanged and partially metabolized forms, together with resistant bacteria. The major routes of environmental contamination with antibiotics, resistant bacteria and resistance genes are the network of municipal and farm sewers. Besides chemical pollution by antibiotic, their long term permanence in water syst

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31

Craggs, R. J., J. P. Sukias, C. T. Tanner, and R. J. Davies‐Colley. "Advanced pond system for dairy‐farm effluent treatment." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (2004): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2004.9513613.

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32

Hamoda, Mohamed F., and Saed M. Al-Awadi. "Improvement of effluent quality for reuse in a dairy farm." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (1996): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0664.

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This study examined the chemical treatment of wastewaters from a dairy farm in order to improve effluent quality and evaluated the reuse of treated effluent in irrigation. An extensive sampling and analysis program was conducted over a period of one year to determine wastewater characteristics at the plant. It has been found that the wastewater COD, BOD, solids, nitrogen and phosphorus content are relatively high but daily variations in pollution loads are not considerably high. Waste treatment in primary settling tanks was found to be insufficient since the effluent quality cannot satisfy the

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33

Snow, V. O., L. E. Fung, S. E. Hurst, et al. "Coppiced hardwood trees for reuse of farm dairy effluent." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 10 (January 1, 2003): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.10.2003.2982.

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Alternatives to the traditional treatment of effluent, irrigation back onto pasture, may prove valuable for farmers. Here we present the results from the first two years of a trial set up to test the potential of cut-and-carry coppiced hardwoods (poplars and willows) in taking up nitrogen from fresh effluent and providing fodder on a dairy farm. Three blocks each of Argyle poplars and Tangoio willows were planted as 1.2 m stakes on a dairy farm in southern Wairarapa in September 2001. One block of each species was irrigated with fresh farm dairy effluent at a high rate, about 5 mm per week, th

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Craggs, R. J., C. C. Tanner, J. P. S. Sukias, and R. J. Davies-Colley. "Dairy farm wastewater treatment by an advanced pond system." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (2003): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0133.

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Waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) have been used for the treatment of dairy farm wastewater in New Zealand since the 1970s. The conventional two pond WSP systems provide efficient removal of wastewater BOD5 and total suspended solids, but effluent concentrations of other pollutants including nutrients and faecal bacteria are now considered unsuitable for discharge to waterways. Advanced Pond Systems (APS) provide a potential solution. A pilot dairy farm APS consisting of an Anaerobic pond (the first pond of the conventional WSP system) followed by three ponds: a High Rate Pond (HRP), an Algae S

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Donnison, A., C. Ross, and A. McGowan. "Escherichia coliandCampylobacterin two conventional Waikato dairy farm effluent ponds." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 2 (2011): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2011.558905.

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36

Pratt, Chris, Adrian S. Walcroft, Kevin R. Tate, et al. "Biofiltration of methane emissions from a dairy farm effluent pond." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 152 (May 2012): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.011.

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37

Vogeler, Iris, Pierre Beukes, Alvaro Romera, and Rogerio Cichota. "Estimating nitrous oxide emissions from a dairy farm using a mechanistic, whole farm model and segregated emission factors for New Zealand." Soil Research 50, no. 3 (2012): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12064.

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are generally estimated using default IPCC emission factors (EFs) despite the large variation in measured EFs. We used a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to segregate measured EFs from direct emissions from urine patches and fertiliser and effluent applications, based on temporal and site-specific factors. These segregated EFs were linked to simulations from the DairyNZ Whole Farm Model to obtain N2O emissions for a typical pasture-based dairy farm in New Zealand. The N2O emissions from urine patches, dung pads, and fertiliser an

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38

Luo, Jiafa, Surinder Saggar, Rita Bhandral, et al. "Effects of irrigating dairy-grazed grassland with farm dairy effluent on nitrous oxide emissions." Plant and Soil 309, no. 1-2 (2008): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9550-3.

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39

Rowarth, A. Milet J. S., and F. G. Scrimgeour. "Potential for anaerobic digestion of dairy farm effluent in New Zealand." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.486.

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Efficient effluent management allows capturing of nutrient benefits while reducing potential environmental impact. In New Zealand research has focussed on ponds and land disposal, whereas digesters are being implemented overseas. When biogas produced by anaerobic digestion is collected, it can be used to produce heat and electricity; this has been done in some countries trying to increase their renewable energy profile (e.g., France), but the cost is not always offset by the benefits. Analysis of policies concerning power supply in France and New Zealand revealed very large differences between

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40

Davies, O. D., and G. Perrott. "The effects of ensiling molassed sugarbeet feed with grass on dairy cow performance." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020468.

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Silage effluent is a major contributor to farm pollution incidents in the United Kingdom. In 1987, silage effluent was responsible for 26% of all farm pollution cases reported, and 437. Of farm associated water pollution incidents that resulted in prosecution.A practical solution to this problem could be to incorporate absorbent materials into the grass at ensiling. Several absorbent materials have been tested, some being based on fibrous bi-products. Of those tested, chopped barley straws proved the most effective (Offer an Al-Rwidah 1989) however this material lowered silage quality and also

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41

Lieffering, Mark, Paul Newton, and Jürgen H. Thiele. "Greenhouse gas and energy balance of dairy farms using unutilised pasture co-digested with effluent for biogas production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2008): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07252.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from New Zealand dairy farms are significant, representing nearly 35% of New Zealand’s total agricultural emissions. Although there is an urgent need for New Zealand to reduce agricultural GHG emissions in order to meet its Kyoto Protocol obligations, there are, as yet, few viable options for reducing farming related emissions while maintaining productivity. In addition to GHG emissions, dairy farms are also the source of other emissions, most importantly effluent from milking sheds and feed pads. It has been suggested that anaerobic digestion for biogas and ener

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Barkle, G. F., T. N. Brown, and D. J. Painter. "LEACHING OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON FROM LAND-APPLIED DAIRY FARM EFFLUENT." Soil Science 164, no. 4 (1999): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199904000-00005.

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Ledgard, S. F., N. L. Bartlett, P. J. Van Boheemen, B. R. Wilton, S. B. Allen, and D. P. Muggeridge. "Implications of increased use of brought-in feeds on potential environmental effects of dairy farms in Waikato." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.568.

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Abstract The effects of increased use of brought-in feeds were evaluated across 25 dairy farms in central Waikato. Farms were classified into low, medium and high feedinput categories based on 1200 kg DM/cow, covering a range typical of that in the main dairying regions of New Zealand. Average milksolids (MS)/ha was 1087 and 1900 kg in the low and high feed-input categories, but total land-use/tonne MS was the same when all off-farm land was accounted for. Average estimated on-farm nitrogen (N) leaching increased from 26 to 30 kg N/ha/year between the low and high feed-input categories, but of

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Li, J., J. Luo, Y. Shi, et al. "Dung and farm dairy effluent affect urine patch nitrous oxide emissions from a pasture." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15511.

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Urine patches in grazed pastures have been identified as important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. An increase in N2O emissions is possible where urine patches coincide with dung patches and farm dairy effluent (FDE) applications. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of dung additions and fresh FDE applications on N2O emissions from urine patches. A field experiment was conducted on a pasture site at the AgResearch’s Ruakura dairy farm in Hamilton, New Zealand. A closed soil chamber technique was used to measure the N2O emissions from a free-draining volcanic soil

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Gray, Colin William, Gina Maria Lucci, and Jo-Anne Cavanagh. "Can the application of farm dairy effluent enhance cadmium leaching from soil?" Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 36 (2021): 50919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15513-x.

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Barton, L., and L. A. Schipper. "Regulation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils Irrigated with Dairy Farm Effluent." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 6 (2001): 1881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.1881.

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Ali, I., S. Morin, S. Barrington, J. Whalen, R. Bonnell, and J. Martinez. "Surface Irrigation of Dairy Farm Effluent, Part I: Nutrient and Bacterial Load." Biosystems Engineering 95, no. 4 (2006): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.08.002.

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Ali, I., S. Barrington, R. Bonnell, J. Whalen, and J. Martinez. "Surface Irrigation of Dairy Farm Effluent, Part II: System Design and Operation." Biosystems Engineering 96, no. 1 (2007): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.09.001.

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Roygard, Jon K. F., Brent E. Clothier, Steve R. Green, and Nanthi S. Bolan. "Tree Species for Recovering Nitrogen from Dairy-Farm Effluent in New Zealand." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 3 (2001): 1064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3031064x.

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Barton, L., and L. A. Schipper. "Regulation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils Irrigated with Dairy Farm Effluent." Journal of Environmental Quality 31, no. 6 (2002): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.2125.

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