Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dairy cattle

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Dairy cattle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Dairy cattle"

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Dirasta, Suny, Muhammad Irfan Affandi, and Yuliana Saleh. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA TERNAK SAPI PERAH GISTING DAIRY FARM DI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 12, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v12i2.7711.

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Thisl researchl aims tol analyzel thel feasibility of dairy cattle business by employing investment assessment criterial NPV, lIRR, net lB/C, grossl B/C, payback period andl sensitivity. . Thisl research wasl conducted at Gisting Dairly Farm, Gisting District, Tanggamus Regency. Data collection was conducted from July toAugust 2022. Respondentsl for the research were l the ownerl and l employees ofl Gisting Dairyl Farm. The datal were analyzedl quantitativelyl by using measurementl criteria ofl financiall viability andl sensitivityl lanalyzes. The resultsl showedl thatl dairy cattlel businessl isl financially viablel asl indicatedl by NPVl valuesl ofl IDR 2,116,549,122.00; Net lB/C valuesl of 3.54; Grossl B/C valuesl of 1.54; IRRl values ofl 27.57 percent; PPl of 5.03 froml the economicl life ofl dairy cattlel for eightl years, andl dairy cattlel business isl still viablel despite of decreasing ofl milk sales cost byl 12 percent, andl increasing ofl cow maintenancel cost ofl 10 lpercent. lKey words: dairy cattle, lfeasibility, financial, sensitivity
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Politiek, R. D. "Dairy-cattle production." Livestock Production Science 22, no. 3-4 (August 1989): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(89)90068-7.

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Katkov, Aleksey A., Gennady P. Yukhin, Vladimir M. Martynov, and Pavel V. Kovalev. "DAIRY CATTLE WATERING." Vestnik Bashkir State Agrarian University, no. 4 (2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2022-64-4-97-102.

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Stokka, Gerald L., John F. Smith, James R. Dunham, and Anne T. Van. "Lameness in dairy cattle." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.3246.

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SAKURAI, KENICH, TOSHIKAZU MATSUOKA, YASUSHI KOUNOSU, YUJI IIIJIMA, KAZUE NARITA, MITSUO OKI, NORIO ARAI, KENJI URUSHIBATA, MASACHIKA UMEZAWA, and KIYOSHI IIDA. "PasteurellahaemolyticaInfection in Dairy Cattle." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 41, no. 10 (1988): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.41.731.

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Prince, M. "Paratuberculosis in dairy cattle." Veterinary Record 121, no. 16 (October 17, 1987): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.121.16.383-a.

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Fricke, P. M. "Twinning in Dairy Cattle." Professional Animal Scientist 17, no. 2 (June 2001): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31599-0.

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Veerkamp, R. F., M. P. L. Calus, B. Beerda, and J. Ten Napel. "Robustness in dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021621.

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Robustness can be defined as “the capacity to handle disturbances in common and sustainable, e.g. economically, systems”. To achieve a robust farming system, a broad perspective is needed (Napel 2005), but here we focus on genetic selection for robust cows and the origin of the need for such animals.
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Scott, P. R. "Lameness in dairy cattle." British Veterinary Journal 152, no. 1 (January 1996): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1935(96)80081-9.

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Holschbach, Chelsea L., and Simon F. Peek. "Salmonella in Dairy Cattle." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 34, no. 1 (March 2018): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dairy cattle"

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McMillan, Allison. "Dairy cattle grouping /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/dscisp/7.

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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: Edwin Jaster. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 21, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Roxström, Anki. "Genetic aspects of fertility and longevity in dairy cattle /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5812-9.pdf.

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Wang, Wei. "Plasminogen polymorphism in dairy cattle." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26174.

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A genetic approach to lowering protease (plasmin) levels in milk, requires the presence of polymorphism of bovine plasminogen. This study was conducted to determine to what extent genetic polymorphism exists in dairy cattle. Bovine plasminogen was first purified from Holstein cow plasma by affinity chromatography on Lysine-Sepharose and antibodies to bovine plasminogen were raised by monthly intramuscular injection of the isolated bovine plasminogen into rabbits. For plasminogen phenotyping, blood samples were collected at random from 50 Holstein and Ayrshire cattle, and plasminogen was isolated from the plasma using lysine-Sepharose and then treated with neuraminidase. After separation by isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5-9.5) in polyacrylamide gels, Plasminogen polymorphs were detected immunologically using rabbit anti-bovine plasminogen antibodies. Additionally, the plasminogen isoforms were evaluated with a functional assay (caseinolytic overlay technique) after activation of the plasminogen with urokinase. Six plasminogen phenotypes were identified which represent products of 5 variant alleles. The 5 plasminogen variants were characterized based on their isoelectric points and designated PLG A$ sb2$ (pI 6.5 and 7.0), B$ sb2$ (pI 7.6 and 7.8), C$ sb1$ (pI 6.8), D$ sb2$ (pI 7.8 and 8.0), and E$ sb2$ (pI 6.8 and 7.0). PLG A$ sb2$ and PLG B$ sb2$ were the most common variants in these cattle. The 6 phenotypes were $ rm A sb2A sb2, B sb2B sb2, A sb2B sb2, B sb2C sb1, A sb2D sb2 and D sb2E sb2$. The phenotypic frequencies in Holstein and Ayrshire were very different, $ rm A sb2A sb2 and B sb2B sb2$ being respectively the most frequent phenotype. In addition, DNA polymorphism at bovine plasminogen gene was detected when genomic DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme Msp I and hybridized with mouse plasminogen cDNA. This is the first description of plasminogen polymorphism reported in dairy cattle. If different variants have altered activity, the detrimental effect
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Tortosa, Christina Suzanne. "Reproductive diseases of dairy cattle /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/dscisp/6.

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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: Edwin Jaster. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 21, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Morton, John. "Determinants of reproductive performance of dairy cows in commercial herds in Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000608.

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Puntenney, Steven B. "The effect of prepartum anionic diets on cortisol, adiponectin, and tumour necrosis factor-[alpha] expression at varying levels of body mass index in preparturient dairy cows : implications for insulin resistance /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/1931.

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Olori, Victor Enishede. "Utilisation of daily milk records in genetic evaluation of dairy cattle." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12729.

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The aim of this study was to determine how daily yield records might be used to improve the genetic evaluation of dairy cattle, which is currently based on 305-day yield predicted from monthly test day records. Daily milk yield records of 488 first lactation Holstein Friesian cows were obtained from one UK herd and summarised into weekly averages. Weekly fat, protein and lactose content records, from the same herd, were also obtained and each multiplied by test day yield to estimate fat, protein and lactose yields. Analysis of variance indicated that residual standard deviation (RSD) for each trait was lower when season of production was included in the model instead of the season of calving. The difference in RSD was more for fat and protein yields than the other traits. Lactation stage and season were the most important environmental factors affecting daily milk yield and composition while calving age had a small but significant (P<0.05) effect. Pregnancy accounted for 1.4 to 1.7% of the variation in yield traits but less than 0.4% of the variation in content traits. Its effects varied with gestation stage causing daily milk yield to decline by 3kg in the 8th month of gestation. A significant interaction between lactation and gestation stage was observed which suggested that the negative effect of pregnancy was higher in mid than late stages of lactation. Standard models of the lactation curve studied accounted for a substantial proportion of the variation in daily milk yields of typical lactations, which made up about half of the lactations studied. The other half was made up of atypical lactations such as highly persistent animals with almost flat curves whose lactation could not be adequately modelled with the standard curve functions. A regression spline model was derived which was as good as the best 3 parameter model and more flexible. These results indicate that models which make rigid assumptions about the shape of the lactation curve may not be very effective in accounting for the effect of lactation stage on daily yields. Yields of the same trait at different stages of lactation were positively correlated throughout but the correlation between yield and content traits was negative. Average correlation between milk yield and adjacent weeks was 0.93 declining to 0.61 between yields 41 weeks apart. Daily milk yields in mid and late stages of lactation were more highly correlated with 305-day yield than yields in early lactation. Covariance functions, using orthogonal polynomials up to the order of 4, were used to model genetic and permanent environmental covariances in a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) random regression (RR) model. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated for yield in every week of lactation. There were compared with estimates from a multivariate model, which considered yield at different stages as different traits, and a repeatability model without random regressions.
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Pong-Wong, Ricardo. "Milk protein polymorphisms in dairy cattle." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11270.

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This study covered two main areas of major genes affecting quantitative traits: (i) the estimation of their effects with emphasis on the milk protein loci and (ii) the use of genotype information on major genes as part of the selection criteria. In a situation in which only a subset of the population has known genotypes for a major gene, the estimated effects of this gene obtained with a method using performance information on all the individuals (with and without known genotype) were compared with those estimates obtained with a method using information on only individuals with known genotype. The first method used a Gibbs sampling approach to infer genotypes of individuals with unknown value. The results from a simulation study showed that, in absence of selection, both methods yielded unbiased estimates of the major gene effects. However, the inclusion of performance information of individuals without genotype decreased the error variance of the estimates by 12 to 69% of the reduction there would be if all individuals had known genotype, depending on the gene frequency, and the mode of action of the major locus. In the population undergoing selection the use of such information also substantially reduced the bias of estimates. This methodology was applied to estimation of the effects of the β-lactoglobulin and the κ-casein loci on lactation traits (milk yield, fat and protein yield and content), using data from 1452 Holstein Friesian cows of two experimental herds and a MOET nucleus in the UK, and available progeny test of sires. There were no significant effects of these loci on any of the traits considered. To study the use of genotype information as part of the selection criteria, a deterministic model for predicting response to selection when a single locus is segregating was defined. It was used to compare the traditional phenotypic selection with other methods of combining performance information with either the genotype of the major locus or only its Mendelian sampling term (i.e. the effect due to the major locus expressed as deviation from family mean).
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Dhaliwal, G. S. "Leptospirosis and subfertility in dairy cattle." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240458.

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Meyer, Joseph Patrick. "Evaluation of estrus synchronization protocols for first and second insemination in dairy cows and heifers /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426088.

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Books on the topic "Dairy cattle"

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Tyler, Howard D. Dairy cattle science. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Ensminger, M. Eugene. Dairy cattle science. 3rd ed. Danville, Ill: Interstate Publishers, 1993.

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Otto, Gravert Hans, ed. Dairy-cattle production. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987.

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Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food., ed. Lameness in dairy cattle. London: Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1992.

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Trimberger, George W. Dairy cattle judging techniques. 4th ed. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press, 1987.

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Rebhun, William C. Diseases of dairy cattle. Edited by Guard Chuck and Richards Carolyn M. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.

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Henry, Cherney Jerome, Cherney D. J. R, and CAB International, eds. Grass for dairy cattle. Wallingford: CAB International, 1998.

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M, Etgen William, and Galton David M. 1949-, eds. Dairy cattle judging techniques. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

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Henry, Cherney Jerome, and Cherney D. J. R, eds. Grass for dairy cattle. New York: CABI Pub., 1998.

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Etgen, William M. Dairy cattle feeding and management. 7th ed. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dairy cattle"

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Miglior, Filippo, Sarah Loker, and Roger D. Shanks. "Dairy Cattle Breeding." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 2781–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_338.

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Pryce, Jennie E. "Dairy Cattle Breeding." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology Series, 243–60. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2460-9_1117.

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Simm, Geoff, Geoff Pollott, Raphael Mrode, Ross Houston, and Karen Marshall. "Dairy cattle breeding." In Genetic improvement of farmed animals, 234–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241723.0234.

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Abstract This chapter discussed the effects of applying the different principles in animal breeding such genetic analysis, predicting breeding values, use of tools and breeding technology, selection response within breeds, and strategies for genetic improvements in dairy cattle.
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Jänne, Juhani, Leena Alhonen, Juha-Matti Hyttinen, Teija Peura, and Minna Tolvanen. "Transgenic Dairy Cattle." In Mammary Gland Transgenesis, 177–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03372-2_10.

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Pryce, Jennie E. "Dairy Cattle Breeding." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1117-1.

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Miglior, Filippo, Sarah Loker, and Roger D. Shanks. "Dairy Cattle Breeding." In Sustainable Food Production, 740–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5797-8_338.

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Shearer, Jan K., and Sarel R. van Amstel. "Lameness in Dairy Cattle." In Dairy Production Medicine, 233–53. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470960554.ch19.

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Shearer, Jan K., and Jim P. Reynolds. "Euthanasia Techniques for Dairy Cattle." In Dairy Production Medicine, 331–39. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470960554.ch25.

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Cortese, Victor. "Immunology and Vaccination of Dairy Cattle." In Dairy Production Medicine, 165–73. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470960554.ch14.

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Broom, Donald M. "Welfare of cattle." In Broom and Fraser’s domestic animal behaviour and welfare, 307–22. 6th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249835.0030.

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Abstract This chapter provides welfare issues in cattle in the following areas: cattle species; public perception of the dairy and beef industries; ill-treatment and neglect; feeding and flooring; welfare of calves, dairy and beef cattle; and bullfighting.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dairy cattle"

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Danchuk, V. V., I. I. Antonik, and V. O. Danchuk. "HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE." In CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-389-7-5.

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John T Tyson, Robert E Graves, and Dan F McFarland. "Designing and Building Dairy Cattle Freestalls." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29765.

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Haladjian, Juan, Zardosht Hodaie, Stefan Nüske, and Bernd Brügge. "Gait Anomaly Detection in Dairy Cattle." In ACI2017: Fourth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3152130.3152135.

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Vakulya, Gergely, Eva Hajnal, and Peter Udvardy. "Experimental Bolus Sensor for Dairy Cattle." In 2022 IEEE 20th Jubilee International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sisy56759.2022.10036279.

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Rey, William P., Lance Jhudiel P. Javier, Justin Miguel N. Manguiat, and Wesley Mikhail C. Tolentino. "Cattle Care: An IoT Cattle Health Monitoring System (CHMS) for Backyard Dairy Cattle Farmers." In CCIOT 2023: 2023 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3627345.3627363.

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Greifová, H., E. Tvrdá, P. Červeňanská, E. Tušimová, A. Kováčik, K. Zbyňovská, and N. Lukáč. "BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION IN DAIRY CATTLE." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE RISK FACTORS OF FOOD CHAIN 2017. Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/9788380840973.6.

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Batanov, S. D., O. S. Starostina, I. A. Baranova, M. M. Shaidullina, and L. V. Kornilova. "Biological trait analysis of dairy cattle heredity." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES: (CAMSTech-II 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092878.

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Pidpala, T. V., and Yu S. Matashniuk. "Selection of dairy cattle for combined signs." In Current problems of modern animal husbandry. �������� ������������ �������� ������ "������-����" - ������������ ����������-���������� ����� � ���������, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33694/978-966-1550-33-8-2021-0-0-56-58.

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Toshio Watanabe, Atsushi Sakurai, and Kouhei Kitazaki. "Dairy cattle monitoring using wireless acceleration-sensor networks." In 2008 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2008.4716493.

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Priekulis, Juris, Armins Laurs, and Ligita Melece. "Ammonia emission reduction measures in dairy cattle farming." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n091.

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Reports on the topic "Dairy cattle"

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Schulte, Kristen, Jennifer A. Bentley, and Laffy F. Tranel. Women Managing Dairy Cattle: Educating Dairy Women. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1301.

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Freeman, A. E. Gene, and P. Jeffrey Berger. Overview of Dairy Cattle Breeding. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-103.

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Shearer, Jan K. Lameness and Welfare of Dairy Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-60.

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Tranel, Larry F. Hydroponic Fodder Systems for Dairy Cattle? Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-606.

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Krull, Adam C., Jan K. Shearer, Patrick J. Gorden, Vickie L. Cooper, Gregory J. Phillips, and Paul J. Plummer. Bacterial Causes of Digital Dermatitis (DD) in Dairy Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1293.

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Westall, Megan, Tara McDaneld, and Diane Moody Spurlock. Towards the Identification of Indicators for Metabolic Stress in Dairy Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-765.

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MANANDHAR, S., G. P. YADAV, and D. K. SINGH. Epidemiological survey of bovine viral diarrhoea in dairy cattle in Nepal. OIE Bulletin, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2018.nf.2860.

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Seroussi, E., L. Ma, and G. Liu. Genetic analyses of recombination and PRDM9 alleles and their implications in dairy cattle breeding. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134158.bard.

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Meiotic recombination is one of the important phenomena contributing to gamete genome diversity. However, it is not well studied in livestock including cattle. The general objectives of this project were to perform genetic analyses of recombination and PRDM9 alleles and study their implications in dairy cattle breeding. The specific objectives were: 1. Analyze variation in recombination across individuals, breeds, and environments; 1.1.Construct individual-level recombination maps; 1.2.Compare recombination features between bulls held under different environmental conditions in US and Israeli; 2. Examine genetic basis of recombination variation in cattle; 2.1.Characterize PRDM9 alleles and their impacts on total and locus-specific recombination features; 2.2.Validate pedigree-based recombination maps using single sperm sequencing and typing; 3. Investigate the impacts of recombination on dairy cattle breeding; 3.1.Evaluate correlation between recombination and dairy production and health traits; 3.2.Evaluate the benefits of incorporating recombination as novel quantitative trait into genomic selection scheme.
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Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu, and George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.

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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of <10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination >40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.
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Ebro, Abule, and Adolfo Alvarez Aranguiz. Options for improvement of mineral feeding for dairy cattle in Ethiopia : current experiences and a future research agenda for minerals in dairy cattle feeding in Ethiopia - results of consultations and a workshop on dairy feeding in Ethiopia. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/565200.

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