Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dagvatte'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Dagvatte.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Hagelin, Robert, and Steve Mbanzabugabo. "Fördröjning av dagvatten." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174359.
Full textThe increased amount of impermeable surfaces in the cities creates a larger and faster runoff of rainwater into the drainage systems. Some of today's existing pipelines are not able to handle this increased amount of storm water. A quick and short term solution to solve this problem is to construct delaying reservoirs that unburden the drainage system. Up to this point, not enough studies have been conducted on the different effects that a placement of a reservoir brings to a drainage system. If incorrectly positioned, a reservoir built for delaying the flow of storm water from a section of a drainage system can, have a negative effect on the flow further down the system. This flow regulation can be harmful to the system when the delayed flow from the section can interact with the flood peak from another section and can cause flooding. The purpose of this report was to study if different placements of a reservoir had any effect on the flow in a storm water drainage system. The aim was to find places where a reservoir could be positioned to prevent the collaboration of peak flows. This thesis was mainly conducted with the use of the hydraulic modeling program MIKE URBAN in which studies of two models are the bases of the results presented in this report. The results from the two models show that the placement of a reservoir in a drainage system has a large sway on how to avoid flooding. The least amount of floods was attained when the reservoir was placed in certain key positions in the drainage system. More time and resources should be devoted to further investigate the effect of a reservoir’s position and dimensions before being placed into a drainage system. This way, expenditures could be reduced and simultaneously future flooding avoided.
Nielsen, Linn, and Anja Ovik. "Dagvatten : Vem har ansvaret?" Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12784.
Full textToday's climate change means warmer temperatures and annual precipitation is expected to increase by 20-60 %. The increased rainfall means more stormwater on the ground. This water must be taken care of in a long-term sustainable manner, otherwise it can lead to problems. Therefore, society must adapt to the climate change that occurs. The study aims at investigating who is responsible for handling the water and clarifying the legal conditions for local stormwater treatment. The study also examines how water management looks like in the detailed plans in Västra Götaland County. The study focuses on looking at and how responsibility for stormwater is distributed in the detailed plan documents as well as the planning rules that are used for water treatment. The method we used is a combination of a qualitative and quantitative as well as a legal method.The study answers the following questions: o Who is responsible for the disposal of stormwater? o How does the municipalities distribute the responsibility of stormwater in the detailed plans? o Are there any plans for regulation of stormwater, which? o What is the distribution of responsibility in the plan descriptions? o Do municipalities have a legal basis for the use of local stormwater treatment, how do legal conditions look? The study results show that 28 % of municipal plans for stormwater are about local stormwater treatment, which is an illegal plan. Local stormwater treatment does not have the support from Chapter 4 Planning and Building Act required for a plan regulation to be used. The conclusion is that the municipalities should take responsibility for the discharge of stromwater if it is within the municipality's area of activity. Nevertheless, only in 16 % of the plans that the real estates are connected to the stormwater network.
Henriksson, Linnea. "Renare dagvatten från kvarteret Brännugnen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-205850.
Full textStormwater is rain and snow melt that runs off from hard surfaces. Stormwater is often polluted with heavy metals and organic pollutants, which can cause great damage if the water is not treated before it reaches the recipient. There are no national guidelines for threshold values of pollutants in stormwater. The stormwater group at Vattenfall AB Heat Uppsala and the environmental department at Uppsala municipality have together established threshold values for pollutants in the stormwater from the area Brännugnen, which is the name of the investigated area. Vattenfall has difficulties to keep the concentration of pollutants in the stormwater below the threshold values. To reduce the content of contaminants in the stormwater from the area Brännugnen this study was therefore carried out. Through site investigations and sampling of stormwater in six measuring points, sources of the contaminants were identified. Through literature studies, site investigations and discussions with experienced personnel, propositions of actions to avoid contamination of the stormwater have been developed. The stormwater study has also led to suggestion of an improved sampling strategy which better represents the amount of contaminants in the stormwater and is more cost-effective. The study included an investigation with the purpose to find out if the magazine that the stormwater from half of the area runs to have the capacity to reduce the contaminants. The results showed no reduction of contaminants. The reason is that the residence time is too short for the particles to have time to settle. In the study the contribution from condensate to the total amount of emitted metals in the stormwater was investigated. The condensate passes a treatment plant for purification before being discharged to the stormwater pipes. The result shows that the condensate has a large impact on the amount of emitted metals per year. Threshold values and standard values for stormwater was also studied, the conclusion is that the threshold values for the stormwater from the area Brännugnen are low. Both standard values for stormwater from thermal power stations and roads are higher than the threshold values. The results from the analyses of stormwater from the road outside the area Brännugnen also show higher concentrations of metals than the threshold values. Finally the stormwater study resulted in suggestions of technical solutions for future treatment of the stormwater from the area Brännugnen. An underground sedimentation magazine and a filter system are two treatment processes that can be used for removal of pollutants in the stormwater from the area Brännugnen.
Ernberg, Jesper. "Jämförelse av fördröjningsmagasin för dagvatten." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112362.
Full textThis report has been conducted as a thesis to finish my studies to become an engineer at Umeå University. The report presents the results of a comparative study of delay tray for stormwater. Advantages and disadvantages will be highlighted to make it easier to know which type of delay tray that should be used. Quotes have been collected from dealers, contractors and former projects. Information has been gathered from reports, retailers and discussions with industry professionals. Different locations and soil types require different delay solutions for stormwater. Although the differences between the prices are huge, you can rarely choose the cheapest one. The conditions sort out the best solution and the price will suffer. Open stormwater solutions like delay trenches are clearly the cheapest but it also takes up a lot valuable surface that cannot be used for anything else. Plastic pipes magazine and concrete pipe magazine is functioning alternative with its pros and cons. Stormwater attenuation systems are an interesting option that cannot always be used. The report can be used as a basis for selection of delay tray for stormwater.
Fahlbeck, Carlsson Sofia. "Evaluation of a gross pollutant trap-biofilter stormwater treatment train : The Role Of Calcium Carbonate, Vegetation And Pre-Treatment Facility." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85808.
Full textUtvecklingen av städer, nya byggnader och andra hårdgjorda ytor ökar både mängden dagvatten och föroreningshalterna. Vanligt förekommande föroreningar i dagvatten är tungmetaller, näringsämnen, sediment och salt.Det traditionella sättet att hantera dagvatten är genom avledning via avloppsnätet till närliggande recipient, men med den förändrade kvalitén och kvantitet på dagvatten blir kapaciteten i det befintliga ledningsnätet otillräckligtför de ökadeflödenaoch föroreningsinnehållet.Därför byggs bland annat dagvattenbiofilter, som är en typ av Low Impact Development (LID), i en ökande takt i Sverigeoch globalt. Huvudsyftet med dagvattenbiofilter är dagvattenrening, vilket uppnås när dagvattnet filtreras genom en filterbädd med växter. För att minska (sediment)belastningenoch förlänga livslängden på biofiltret kan ibland en förbehandlingsanläggning placeras i före biofiltret. Dock finns det fortfarande kunskapsluckor om reningspotentialen i biofilter och betydelsen av en förbehandlingsanläggning. I den här studien undersöktes betydelsen av en förbehandlingsanläggning, kalciumkarbonat som tillsatsi filter materialet och växter på biofiltret för reningen av tungmetaller (Cd (kadmium), Cu (koppar),Pb(bly)ochZn(zink)), fosfor och totalt suspenderat material. För att undersöka detta analyserades och utvärderades dagvattenprover på inkommande och utgående vattenfrån ett biofilter i Sundsvall, med avseende på reningsprestation av ovan nämnda föroreningar. Resultatet visade att biofiltret (med förbehandlingsanläggningen inkluderad), renade totala metaller bra medanreningen av lösta metaller varierade mer. Inkommande koncentrationer av totalfosforvar alltid högre än utgåendekoncentrationeroch fosfat lakades kontinuerligt ut från filtersektionerna. Den genomsnittliga reningen av TSS var hög (96,9%).CaCO3 som tillsats i filtermaterialet hade en positiv effekt på reningen av totala och lösta metaller i biofiltret. Fosfat lakades ut från alla filtersektioner,men urlakningen var lägst från filtersektionen med CaCO3, vilket tyder på möjliga positiva effekterdet som tillsats i filtermaterialet.CaCO3 verkade inte öka genomsnittliga reningen av totalfosfor signifikant. Vegetationenverkade öka reningen av totala metallermen inte reningen av lösta metaller, totalfosfor eller fosfat. Filtersektionen med vegetation men utan CaCO3genererade de högstautgående koncentrationernaav totalfosfor och fosfat (urlakning), vilket tyder på att vegetation avgav mer fosfor än den tog upp. Den dominerande reningenav dagvattenföroreningarnaskedde inuti biofiltret och både högre och lägre koncentrationer av samtliga föroreningar observerades efter förbehandlingsanläggningen.Resultatetvisade attförbehandlingsanläggningen var mest effektiv för reningen av lösta metaller.
Trinh, Yvonne. "Förekomst av mikroplast i dagvatten : En jämförande studie av dagvatten från vägtrafik och konstgräs i Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392093.
Full textMaterials made from plastic are practical and durable, therefore plastic is found in many every day products. Because of the properties of plastics, the manufacturing of products and usage of the material has increased consequently leading to the creations of microplastics in varying sizes. The definition of microplastics is plastic materials with a size smaller than 5 millimeters. Because of a huge prevalence in products the consequence is microplastics being found on many places in nature around the world. The Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL, has been assigned by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to review identified origins and the pathways of microplastics in Sweden. According to the study the largest source of microplastics from outdoor activities on land is from road wear and the abrasion of tyres followed by artificial turfs. Since microplastics are presumed to be spread to the environment, it is of concern to investigate potential microplastic load in storm water from these sources. The investigation of microplastic amounts has been studied in sizes ≥100 micrometres in storm water from the traffic road Bolandsgatan and the artificial turf Stenhagens IP in Uppsala. Samples were collected, using random sampling and with an automatic sampler enabling flow proportional sampling. Filtration of collected water samples were carried out followed by analysing microplastic visually in a stereo microscope. The analyses of microplastics were also combined with a melting test. In the study of the traffic road Bolandsgatan 98 % of all particles were black colored. The black colored particles were identified as microplastic originated from road wear. When studying the artificial turf Stenhagens IP a grass fragment was identified as microplastic originated from the artifical turf. Microplastic amounts from the traffic road Bolandsgatan are 33 kg/year. The emission factor for mixed fleet is 2.2∙10-5 kg/vehicle km. An emission factor for microplastic from road traffic has not been presented in other studies before. The amount of microplastics from road traffic in Uppsala was estimated to 27 000 kg/year and in Sweden to 1.5∙106 kg/year. From the artificial turf Stenhagens IP the amount was 6.3∙10-2 kg/year. By upscaling the amounts of microplastics from artificial turfs in Uppsala and Sweden the amounts were estimated to 0.56 and 48 kg/year, respectively. According to this study, the spread of microplastic from road traffic in Sweden is 5 times less than the estimated value and the amount from artificial turfs is 30-50 times less compared to the investigation by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
Levander, Ellinor. "Dagvatten i Vegastaden : Stormwater in Vegastaden." Thesis, KTH, Centrum för hälsa och byggande, CHB, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40903.
Full textAbstractThis thesis was carried out at the Environment- and town planning department in the municipality of Haninge and is an inquiry of how stormwater in the planned quarter, Vegastaden, can be managed. Vegastaden will involve 3000 new dwellings, a new commuter train station and a new connection with road 73. Drevviken, which is the recipient of stormwater in the neighbourhood of Vega, is overloaded with stormwater so the focus in this thesis is on local management of stormwater. Ponds, slow off leading, wet lands, green roofs, infiltration and filter strips are discussed in the thesis which even contains calculations of water run off, investigation of infiltration- and filter strips possibilities, slow off leading and dimensioning of swales and ponds. The thesis will give an apprehension of how large volume of the stormwater that can be handled through local handling of stormwater and give an idea of how large areas that will be needed for retardation and treatments in ponds. The stormwater strategy of Haninge was accepted in the municipal council in April 2005 and has influenced the model of this thesis. The area where Vegastaden will be built is very hilly and has varying ground capacity. Some areas have varying infiltration possibilities and consists of moraine and flat rocks, other areas consists of seal earth-layers of clay with minimal permeability. During 1999 and 2000 an ecocycle society service construction, Green Zone was built in Umeå which possibly can give inspiration in how to manage the storm water in Vegastaden. All the buildings were designed with green roofs which reduce run off from the roofs with 50 %. The computer program Storm Tac has been used for run off calculations and dimensioning of ponds and swales. Different scenes are introduced where it shows how much of the run off that can be reduced through different measures. When no measures are taken the run off is calculated to ca 195 506 m 3/year and with great measures in form of green roofs and filter strips the run off is calculated to ca 88 137 m 3/year. To manage the stormwater that has to be led off on account of no evaporation or infiltration ponds have been dimensioned. Depending on the measures taken to reduce the run off, the size of the ponds will vary between ca 800 m 2and 3700 m2. Filter strips should be placed where they do the greatest good and green roofs where the infiltration in the ground is the worst. If there is no way today to decide how much of the storm water that should be managed locally the conditions for such a management in the future should be favoured through for example green roof friendly roof constructions and to minimize the non-permeable surfaces. Because of the high ground water in the area a swale is hardly a good alternative when leading off storm water, but a stormwater canal of concrete should be able to lead off stormwater. The area should manage with only one pond regarding run off and treatment and is suitably placed east of the railway where the lowest parts are.
Albertsen, Henrik, and Amanda Lindberg. "Lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten på bostadsfastigheter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53587.
Full textJosic, Elma. "Provtagningsmetoder för mikroplaster i dagvatten och sediment." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255616.
Full textPlastics have created the conditions for us people for decades because of its wide use. It has, however, resulted that there are amounts of microplastics in the environment and it is today an environmental problem that needs to be fixed. It is a challenge to clarify the origin of the microplastics, but it can be stated that artificial turf is one of the largest sources in Sweden and is expected to release several tonnes of microplastics. To find out how much microplastics an artificial turf can spread with stormwater, various samples are taken in eg. water and sediment environments. The purpose of this thesis was to present various sampling methods that can be used when sampling microplastics from artificial turf in water and sediment. Then, the results can be used as a basis for adapting future samples for microplastics in water and sediment. The following three goals were therefore set up; identify different sampling methods suitable for microplastics, compare these with each other and suggest appropriate sampling methods for microplastics from artificial turf in mainly water. For successful sampling, planning and preparation are required before the execution. This means that a concept model should be developed over how the soccer field is designed, where and when samplings should be performed, which parameters should be analyzed and that there are references for background contents, see figure 3, page 16. Information about the sampling location needs to be compiled, for example, which plastic materials are present in the artificial turf and which expected primary and secondary microplastics can be spread from the soccerfield. During this thesis, two sampling alternatives were identified to investigate microplastics in water samples: • Sampling of water (active sampling) for microplastic analysis • Sampling of filtrate (passive sampling) where microplastic is filtered. In this case, the microplastics that have been captured by the filter are analyzed. This thesis also deals with other samplings - sampling with pump, water-container and dredge. It is because to see which alternatives are available for water and sediment sampling and for obtaining a comparison between these samples. At sampling, there is currently no common standard for implementation, which would probably have facilitated the sampling work. Especially when the results were easier to compare with each other. A study visit was made at Bergavik's IP in Kalmar to perform sampling in three wells and in a nearby stormwater pond to drain the surface and drainage water from the artificial turf. The sampling began with the stormwater flow and the amount of rainfall during the previous days before the measurement was noted. All sampling occasions occur at similar weather and flow conditions. The water samples were then sent for analysis. This method can be repeated and after a few sampling occasions, a mean value of microplastic content can be obtained. The thesis conclusion is that it is important to look at how and where the sampling is performed. Both when it comes to active sampling and passive sampling, it is necessary to take samples taken on several occasions, describe the precipitation conditions before sampling, take samples at the same place and the same depth in order to more easily identify the amount of microplastics from the source and how much is then disseminated. The reason why it is today mainly active and passive sampling that is used in sampling microplastics from artificial turf is that these are proven methods. A suggestion for future studies is to identify a common standard for execution. It would facilitate analyzes of microplastic spread from artificial turf if the same standard was used everywhere.
Hansson, Tomas, and Erik Skoglund. "Arbetsrutiner för dagvatten i Gävle kommun : Förbättringsförslag." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21992.
Full textDet visade sig i en förstudie av rapportförfattarna att dagvattenhanteringen i Gävle kommun har brister som kan resultera i att dagvattenhanteringen inte blir lika effektivt som den skulle kunna vara. Syftet med projektet var att ta fram ett antal förbättringsförslag för att i längden hjälpa Gävle kommun att få ett bättre dagvattenarbete. Ett mål var att samla in data från aktörer för att se var de ansåg att det fanns förbättringsmöjlighet. Genom att genomföra en litteraturstudie, en jämförelse mellan några kommuners dagvattenpolicy och en enkätundersökning var tanken att eventuellt identifiera ytterligare förbättringsmöjligheter i dagvattenarbetet i Gävle kommun. Resultatet att det finns förbättringsmöjligheter gällande kommunikation, informering, rapportering och finansieringsansvar. Författarna har givit några förbättringsförslag bl.a. att tydliggöra finansieringen, sammanställa en kontaktlista, presentera sitt dagvattenarbete i miljörapporter och sätta ett gemensamt mål för dagvatten. Resultatet från detta projekt och från förstudien visar att det finns förbättringspotential för dagvattenarbetet i kommunen. Om förbättringsförslagen skulle tas i åtanke skulle Gävle kommun kunna komma närmare sin vision, att bli en av de bästa miljökommunerna i Sverige.
Fjordefalk, Vera. "Reningsmetoder för dagvatten innehållande mikroplaster från konstgräsplaner." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240310.
Full textThe number of artificial turfs in Sweden has increased significantly since the year 2000. Today there are about 1255 outdoor pitches made from artificial turf and the annual increase is estimated at 100 pitches. Artificial turfs provide many benefits for sporting activities such as longer game seasons and more playing hours. To gain characteristics as close to natural turfs as possible, infill is used on top of the artificial grass. The infill is usually made out of styrene-butadien rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer-rubber (EPDM) or thermoplastic estalomer (TPE). However, there is also organic alternativs made from cork or coconut. Since the filling materials mostly consist of plastic polymers, some environmental concerns have been raised in the connection of the use of infill. The manufacturing size of infill is between 2-3 mm and is thereby classified as primary microplastics. The Swedish Environment Institute performed a study to map the sources of microplastic emissions to the marine environment. The study concluded that artificial turfs was the second largest land-based source of microplastic emission. The conclusion was based on the suggested annual amount for refill of infill for a full-size pitch. The amount of microplastics ending up in the sea, lakes and streams was not answered in the study, as it would require a more extensive mapping of routes. Former studies have shown that a certain amount of infill ends up in the stormwater wells which is placed around the turfs to prevent water collection. In order to prevent continued spreading via stormwater wells out to marine environments, treatment methods for stormwater runoff from artificial turfs has been requested.The objective of this study is to identify suitable methods for treatment of stormwater containing microplastics from artificial turfs. To find out what methods are used today, four manufacturers of granulate traps and filters were contacted. The municipalities that have installed or planned to install any of the stormwater treatment methods was also contacted to get an understanding of how these methods works in practice. From the study it is apparent that the development of treatment methods mentioned is in an early stage where efficiency is not tested for any of the methods. In order to determine what a suitable stormwater treatment method is in this case, further studies on how water flows vary between different pitch designs and surrounding surfaces are required. In this study the amount of microplastics found in the stormwater wells is solely based on ocular inspection and often described as "small" by the interviewees. To determine the exact amount of microplastics that can occur in stormwater wells, it would be necessary to weigh the microplastics found in the wells on every single plant. Because of differences in maintenance routines and depending on the existence of available surfaces for storage of snow and infill, the amount of microplastics found in the wells varies. The size of microplastics found was estimated to be of manufacturing size (2-3 mm). However, microplastics can become very small, down to 1 μm and hard to see with the naked eye. Further studies are recommended to set up a grain size distribution curve which can be used to manufacture the mesh in a reasonable size. The small sizes of microplastics makes it unreasonable to expect a purification degree f 100%, the mesh size would make it impossible for water to flow through. This calls for establishing guidance values for microplastics in stormwater. In order to establish guidance values and carry out necessary studies to develope the existing methods, a better cooperation between institution and trade and industry is needed. A method can be considered to be suitable for microplastics if the largest percentage part by weight of microplastics is caught. The suitability of the current methods cannot be judged until this is determined.
Blomdahl, Mats, and Kristina Hessling. "Föroreningar i dagvatten och dess påverkan på Dammträsk." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36509.
Full textSkogsfjord, Michael, and Minna Blom. "Naturliga filtermaterial för reduktion av metaller i dagvatten." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4301.
Full textFörorenat dagvatten från Stena Gotthards metallåtervinningsanläggning i Eskilstuna har filtrerats genom kolonner innehållande två olika adsorbenter, torv och furubarksflis. Torv är en organisk jordart som främst används som bränsle och furubarksflis är en biprodukt från skogsindustrin. Båda filtermaterialen är relativt billiga och finns i stora kvantiteter i Sverige. Filtermaterialen har visat sig ha varierande kapacitet att adsorbera metaller i vatten på grund av själva materialet samt vattnets sammansättning. Resultatet från den här studien visar att av de två undersökta filtermaterialen så har furubarksflis störst kapacitet att reducera bly, koppar och zink från det specifika dag vattnet.
Polluted storm water from a metal recycling industry has been filtrated through columns that contained two different adsorbents, peat and pine bark. Peat is an organic soil, mainly used for energy production, and pine bark, a by-product from the forest industry. In Sweden, there are a lot of resources of peat as well as pine bark. Used as filter materials, they are relatively cheep and, like other kinds of filtermaterial used as adsorbents, they have varied capacity to adsorb metals in water. The capacity for the filter materials to adsorb metals depends on the physical structure and chemical contents of the peat and pine bark as well as the water metal composition. Results from this study show that pine bark had the highest adsorption capacity to reduce copper, lead and zinc from the specific storm water.
Jönsson, Frödeberg Sebastian, and Mert Ulusoy. "Hållbar hantering av dagvatten på befintlig asfalterad parkeringsplats." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44364.
Full textColin, Sonny. "Mikroplast i dagvatten : problem och möjliga förebyggande åtgärder." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20680.
Full textGlenn, Johansson. "Metaller i dagvatten - Effekter i recipient : En analys av koppar, kdamium och zink i dagvatten från en parkering i Halmstad, Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Miljövetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28728.
Full textQvicker, Jesper, and Ali Hassan. "Undersökning av dagvattenanläggning : Lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten i bostadsområde." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Byggteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30453.
Full textIn the future we expect a warmer climate and the warmer temperatures will increase the rainfall in Sweden. How we disposes our stormwater have in the recent years got stricter requirements which resulted in new stormwater systems has been put in use. The report describes a stormwater system in a residential area developed by a large building company. In the area the stormwater is been taken care of inside the intended area. With this means that stormwater is being delayed and purified within the affected area. By using the ground conditions in the area together with technical solutions a system has been created to live up to the society’s set requirements. The report describes the sizing methods of stormwater systems that show that small changes in a large system can have a major impact on the functioning of the system. For a system to function for a longer period of time, It’s necessary to maintain the system after a planned maintenances plan witch this report presents. In order for the system to be able to be maintenance effectively in future, the study has developed three proposals for the design of stormwaterwells with associated magazines to facilitate maintenance and reduce flowdisturbances.
Hedlöf, Ekvall Linnea. "Faktorer för effektiv infiltration av dagvatten hos permeabel asfalt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381159.
Full textIt is important that permeable asphalt is able to infiltrate storm water in the long-term for it to be a viable alternative for handling storm water. Permeable asphalt will always, in some way, be exposed to fine particles and therefore there is a risk that clogging will occur and that the permeable asphalt will lose its ability to infiltrate storm water. As a mean of maintenance cleaning with high pressure washing and vacuum cleaning can be done to prevent clogging. In this master thesis the effect of high pressure washing and vacuum cleaning on the infiltration capacity of permeable asphalt was examined. Also, the most suitable type of substructure for effective infiltration was examined. A literature study and interviews were conducted in combination with infiltration experiments on two locations with permeable asphalt in Uppsala. Literature studies and interviews state that for the substructure to be hydrologically well functioning it is important that every layer in the substructure really is permeable. The substructure should also be adapted to the conditions at the site where it is built. For example, conditions to take into consideration are soil type and highest level of groundwater. All through literature and interviews regular maintenance is said to be very important for the long-term functioning and infiltration of permeable asphalt. The infiltration experiments were conducted at a parking lot at a shopping center in Gnista and a small local street in Gränby backe. The infiltration capacity of the permeable asphalt was measured before and after maintenance with high pressure washing and vacuum suction. No infiltration capacity could be measured before or after maintenance at Gnista. In Gränby backe the infiltration capacity was 0,47-0,71 mm/min before maintenance and 1,24-12,23 mm/min after. According to this infiltration capacity the permeable asphalt in Gränby backe can infiltrate design rains with return periods of 7 years to over 1000 years and with a duration of 10 minutes. In research, high pressure washing, and vacuum suction were found to be able to maintain, and in some cases restore, infiltration capacity. In this master thesis’ infiltration experiments a positive effect on infiltration capacity by cleaning with high pressure washing and vacuum suction was partially found. According to this high pressure washing and vacuum suction can be recommended as a maintenance method on permeable pavement. The results from the two experiment sites stood apart from each other as Gnista had no infiltration capacity neither before nor after cleaning. In age, the two sites only differ by one year, and since they were built they have received similar maintenance and literature shows that high pressure washing and vacuums suction have an effect on infiltration capacity. This might indicate that the lack of infiltration capacity at Gnista might be due to something else than clogging.
Hellborg, Tony, and Adam Ravn. "Kan lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten minska översvämningsrisken i tätbebyggelse?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20333.
Full textWater has always played a central part in people’s lives, both in good and bad terms. As the number of firm surfaces has increased in the dense populated areas, the ability of the water to drain has decreased. This has contributed to stormwater management in urban areas which has also become increasingly important. The continued densification of urban areas gave birth to problems such as inundation caused by stormwater. The oldest parts of the cities are frequentlyaffected by floods during heavy rainfalls. When these areas were newly built, stormwatermanagement worked as required due to low density which led to natural waterdrainage paths.This paper will examine the problems of stormwater management that have emerged in citiesand reasons why these have occurred. One specific housing area will be studied from astormwater management perspective. Furthermore, the paper will present theories behind anumber of potential solutions which could be used in order to promote better stormwatermanagement. By investigating causes of the flooding problems in one specific urban area, thisreport will convey and propose suitable solutions in order to minimize the risk of future floods.Further, this report will also present calculations for the specific area of interest, and thedrainage and infiltration capacity of the area will also be investigated. A calculation afterproposed solutions have been realized, theoretically, will then be introduced. This will bepresented in order to give the audience an idea of whether or not the proposed solutions mighthave any effect. The report will not investigate expected climate changes since the possibilityto prevent or affect these is poor. Further, pipe dimensions and connections in municipal watersystems will not be examined.
Fors, Sofia. "Lyviken : -bedömning av dagvattenkvalitet." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1108.
Full textAbstract
Stormwater is defined as rain- and melted water. Ludvika kommun had little knowledgde about the stormwater that reaches a specific recipient Lyviken. Therefore they intended to do an research of the stormwater that leads down to Lyviken. The aim with this study was to assess the quality of the contents in the stormwater based on pH, conductivity, phosphorous, nitrogen, bacterias, oil and one sample that meassured the value of several methals.
Since the population has increased for decades, the area of hard surfaces and asphalts areas also has increased. This can increase the pollutions that finally ends up in the recipient. Depending on what activity that is going on in the nearby area the pollutions that comes with the stormwater is a variety. The catchment area of Lyviken is approxiametely 2 000 000 m2 and the quality of the stormwater differs a lot, depending on where it comes from.
The conclusion of this study is that there were not any chocking values of methals in the water and that the content of oil were pretty good except for three samples. Nitrogen and phosphorous exceeded the limits in most of the samples and in the majority of the samples the content of bacteria were way too much. The contents of bacteria should have been decreasing during the last years since an improvement in the water pipes has been taken place in a lot of places in Sweden, but that doesn’t seem to be the case in Ludvika. The reason why there is a lot of bacteria is probably because the pipes sometimes get filled to the brim with sewagewater.
Keywords: stormwater, recipient, Lyviken, stormwater quality, pollutions.
Nyckelord: dagvatten, recipient, Lyviken. Kvalitet på dagvatten, föroreningar.
Lindvall, Elin. "Karakterisering av dagvatten på område med återvinningscentral : - en jämförande studie." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229910.
Full textAbstract Characterization and modeling of stormwater runoff at a recycling center -a comparative study In accordance with the European Union’s waste management law, which encourages recycling at the expense of landfills, recycling centres have become more frequently occurring in Sweden. Recycling centres can collect bulky waste, hazardous waste, and liquids as well as sort, store and treat the waste. Furthermore, the recycling centres are often subject to traffic by private cars and heavy-duty vehicles. Research shows that land use is one of the prevailing parameters affecting the constituents in stormwater. Another parameter having an impact on the constituents of the runoff is time. The concentration increases with the time since the last rain event. The climate of the area also influences the stormwater quality. The aim of this study was to characterize run off from recycling centres and evaluate their role as a source of pollution for 7 metals and oil, as recycling centre’s impact on stormwater pollution isn’t known today. Using i) the StormTac database, ii) a literature review, and iii) data from the company Stockholm Vatten och Avfall; three different standard concentrations for the 8 pollutants were calculated and compared regarding the extent and quality of the data, the uncertainty, and the standard concentration’s statistical significance compared to observed values. The concentrations were also classified according to the system proposed by Stockholm Vatten. The characterization resulted in so called standard concentrations based on land use for Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, and oil. The standard concentrations calculated from the Stockholm Vatten och Avfall were based on the largest amount of data and could be validated for all substances except Ni and oil. The concentrations found in the literature review could only be validated for two of the pollutants. Five of StormTacs standard concentrations were validated. The standard concentrations were classified as “medium”, which is comparable to a road with 15000 annual average daily traffic. Mercury didn’t have enough data above the detection limit to be analysed statistically. The confidence intervals and the uncertainty analysis showed that the concentration of the pollutants follow a skewed positive distribution. The results demonstrate that some variation in concentrations can be expected during the different seasons. These variations follow the findings made in other studies and suggests that the concentrations are the highest during winter and spring. The seasonal difference was statistically significant for Ni, Cd and oil. As the result is based on grab samples and the StormTac-model, the results are assumed to be uncertain. Keywords: metals, pollutants, runoff, seasonal variations, StormTac, stormwater, waste
Hultgren, Julia. "Översvämningar i Umeå och hur kommunen hanterar dagvatten i planeringen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185354.
Full textLindquist, Anna. "Mineraliska material som reaktiva filter för avskiljning av tungmetaller från dagvatten." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88875.
Full textHighly polluted urban storm water from e.g. highways can contain large amounts of heavy metals that may cause harm if they are discharged into recipients. To remove the heavy metals a possible low-cost method that does not require much maintenance, could be the use of reactive filters with filter materials consisting of industrial residues or other cheap mineral based materials. Dissolved metal ions are removed by reactive filters through the processes of ions binding to active sites on the surface of the filter materials, or by formation of insoluble precipitates.
The ability of CaO-treated granulated blast-furnace slag, iron oxide coated sand, olivine and nepheline to remove seven heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Hg) from urban storm water was studied. Initially batch experiments were performed where the effect of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved ions on the adsorption efficiency was studied. The experiments were conducted with urban storm water and with a reference solution (10 mM NaNO3), both containing the same concentration of heavy metals (approx. 1 μM). The two materials with the best results were further investigated in a column study, where the capacity of the filter was tested. Chemical equilibrium calculations using the program Visual MINTEQ were performed in order to assess the role of precipitation as a mechanism for removal.
The results show that the blast-furnace slag was the most effective filter material and that it has great potential to be used as a heavy metal remover. Also the iron oxide coated sand worked satisfactory. The highest degree of removal was obtained for lead, cadmium and nickel, for which the removal efficiency exceeded 90% after a load of 300 times the water volume in the columns. For some metals, mainly copper, chromium and mercury the dissolved organic matter affected the removal negatively. The chemical mechanisms causing the removal are specific adsorption to the surfaces of the materials, and for the blast-furnace slag probably precipitation of insoluble metal sulfides.
Starkt förorenat dagvatten som rinner av från exempelvis motorvägar, kan innehålla betydliga mängder tungmetaller som kan orsaka skada om de kommer ut i omgivande vattendrag. En billig metod för tungmetallavskiljning, som inte kräver så mycket underhåll, skulle kunna vara att använda reaktiva filtermaterial bestående av restprodukter eller andra mineraliska lågkostnadsmaterial. Reaktiva filter fungerar som metallavskiljare genom att de lösta metalljonerna binder till ytgrupper på filtermaterialen eller att svårlösliga utfällningar bildas.
Förmågan att avskilja sju tungmetaller (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb och Hg) ur dagvatten har undersökts för fyra mineraliska filtermaterial, kalciumoxiddopad masugnsslagg, järnoxidsand, olivin och nefelin. Studien inleddes med skakförsök där adsorptionens pH-beroende undersöktes. Försöken gjordes dels med dagvatten, dels med en referenslösning (10 mM NaNO3) med samma tungmetallkoncentration (ca 1μM). Detta gjordes för att studera effekter av löst organiskt material och andra ligander på adsorptionen. Därefter testades de material som uppvisat bäst resultat i skakförsöket i kolonnförsök, ett försök som mer efterliknar en praktisk tillämpning och där filtrets kapacitet kan studeras. Genom kemiska jämviktsberäkningar med programmet Visual MINTEQ var det möjligt att undersöka om bildningen av svårlösliga metallutfällningar bidrog till metallavskiljningen.
Resultaten visar att slaggen var det effektivaste filtermaterialet och att detta har stor potential att användas för avskiljning av tungmetaller. Även järnoxidsanden fungerade tillfredsställande. De metaller som avskiljdes bäst var bly, kadmium och nickel, för vilka avskiljningen var > 90 % i kolonnförsöket efter en belastning motsvarande 300 gånger vattenmängden i kolonnerna. För vissa metaller, främst koppar, krom och kvicksilver, försämrades avskiljningen betydligt när löst organiskt material fanns närvarande. Mekanismerna som står för avskiljningen är till störst del adsorption till grupper på filtermaterialens ytor, men bildning av svårlösliga metallsulfider är också tänkbar för slaggen.
Karlsson, Daniel, and Fredrik Steen. "Utformning av fördröjningsdammar, medavseende på rening av dagvatten fråntransport- och lagerhållningsindustri." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18560.
Full textReceiving waters downstream should not be affected by storm water from storageand transport industry, therefore it requires treatment of pollution. The objectiveof this study has been to show how a storm water pond should be designed toachieve a good treatment. The methods used are a literature review, and a casestudy. The case study has been performed for a planned industrial area. Thequestions which needed to be answered are the type of pollutants that might occurand how they are treated. Furthermore, it has been studied which properties affectthe purification in a storm water pond.The results of the study showed that the most pollutants were heavy metals, toxicorganic matter and nutrients. It has also become apparent that these pollutants, ismainly treated by sedimentation and absorption by plants. Furthermore, it hasemerged that there is no standard for how a storm water pond should bedesigned, with regards to the treatment. This is because all ponds have differentexternal conditions that control the design, which depends on the area where thepond is located. However, it has been shown that there are a number ofparameters that should be taken into account, in order to get a high treatmenteffect in the pond. The most important of these is the hydraulic and hydrologicalefficiency of the pond.
Lindqvist, Jessica. "StormTac för modellering av dagvatten i Sundbyberg : Underlag för kommunens miljökvalitetsarbete." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120639.
Full textEkman, Theodor. "Handlingsplan för rening av dagvatten från hårt trafikerade gator i Örebro." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217114.
Full textJönsson, Robert. "Mikroplast i dagvatten och spillvatten : Avskiljning i dagvattendammar och anlagda våtmarker." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-308455.
Full textMicroplastics (MPs), here defined as plastic objects smaller than 5 mm, are suspected to cause great harm to fish when released into lakes and oceans. Studies of MP retention have until recently mainly been done for sewage treatment plants (STPs), where much of the plastics are shown to be retained in the sludge. However, due to large water flows in STPs, they can be seen as significant points for the spreading of MPs to recipient waters. Today there isn’t much information to be found about MP contents in stormwater. Stormwater is often released untreated and depending on climate it can be released in greater volumes than sewage water from urban areas. The occurrence of MPs >20 µm (>0.02 mm) has been studied in two STP effluents, and in stormwater from three urban catchments. The retention of MPs has been studied for two stormwater ponds, and for two free water surface wetlands constructed for tertiary treatment of sewage. Wetland Alhagen and Örsundsbro wetland both receive the effluents of secondary STPs. In wetland Alhagen there is also a stormwater inlet from the town of Nynäshamn. To the stormwater pond Korsängens vattenpark, stormwater is lead from the town of Enköping, while the stormwater pond Tibbledammen receives stormwater from Kungsängen in Upplands-Bro municipality. Influents and effluents from the facilities, as well as water from two points within wetland Alhagen was pumped through 20 µm and 300 µm filters. In addition, water from every sampling point was collected in minor volumes for later filtration carried out in a laboratory. Quantification was done with microscopy and a number of objects were analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy for material determination. In wetland Alhagen, the sewage inlet contained 4 MPs/liter, which is similar to results for STP effluents in other Swedish studies. In Örsundsbro wetland, the incoming water contained more than 950 MPs/liter, far greater than what other studies have shown for untreated sewage. The MP concentrations in the three stormwater inlets were between 5.4-10 MPs/liter. This indicates that untreated stormwater could be seen as a pathway for MPs at least as big as treated sewage. In almost all inlets, characteristic red particles were found in great numbers and in sizes of 20-300 µm. Analysis of some of the red particles indicated that they contained plastic while others were of unknown materials. The particles had a similar appearance to red particles commonly found in Swedish coastal waters. Black particles, a kind of microscopic particles that may originate in tyre wear (i.e. MPs) or combustion, was also found in large quantities. Except for in the main influents of wetland Alhagen, where the number of red particles was slightly higher, the black particles were always found in far greater numbers than both regular MPs and red particles (often >100x greater). The retention of MPs, black particles and red particles >20 µm was high in all the facilities, often around 90-100 percent. Based on these results and the variation of size, design and year of construction, stormwater ponds and constructed free water surface wetlands can be seen as effective barriers against the spreading of MPs.
Stenvall, Brita. "Känslighets- och osäkerhetsanalys av parametrar och indata i dagvatten- och recipientmodellen StormTac." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88864.
Full textThree methods of sensitivity and unceartainty analysis have been applied to the operative stormwater- and recipient model StormTac. The study area is the watershed of lake Flaten in the municipality Salem. StormTac’s submodels for stormwater, pollutant transport and the recipient are cosidired. In the sensitivity assessment, the model parametres and inputs were varied one at a time by a constant percentage according to the “one at a time” (OAAT) method and the response of the outputs were calculated. It was found that the stormwater- and baseflow were most sensitive to perturbations in the perciptation. Unceartainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation was performed in two different ways. (1) All model parametres and inputs were included with defined unceartainties and the resulting unceartainty for the target variable was quantified. Thereafter, whith the purpose to estimate the contribution of all the parametres and inputs, the cumulative uncertainty for the target variable, each parameters/inputs unceartainty was omitted one at the time. The most crucial uncertainty for the storm water flow was the runoff coefficient for forestland and the perciptation (i.e the differens between the 90- and 10-percentile for the storm water flow was reduced whith 44 % and 33 % respectively). (2) To identify optimal parameter intervals, the probability for an acceptable value of the target variable was plotted against each parameters value range. The result suggests that for some of the parametres i StormTac, the ranges should be changed.
Den operativa dagvatten- och recipientmodellen StormTac har applicerats på sjön Flatens avrinningsområde i Salems kommun. StormTac:s delmodeller för dagvatten, föroreningstransport och recipienten studerades. Tre olika metoder för att undersöka osäkerheten och känsligheten hos parametrar och indata i delmodellerna tillämpades. I känslighetsanalysen (OAAT-metoden) behäftades parametervärdena och indata med systematiska fel och responsen hos utdata beräknades. Dag- och basvattenflödet var känsligast mot fel i nederbördsdata, medan kväve-, fosfor- och kopparbelastningen till recipienten var känsligast mot respektive förorenings dagvattenkoncentration från områden med bebyggelse. Varje parameter och indatas bidrag till den kumulativa osäkerheten hos utdata uppskattades med hjälp av Montecarlosimulering. Genom att för varje effektvariabel studera differensen mellan 90- och 10-percentilen när osäkerheten hos en parameter/indata i taget utelämnades, kunde varje parameters/indatas bidrag till modellresultatets osäkerhet kvantifieras. För dagvattenflödet bidrog avrinningskoefficienten för skogmark med 44 % av osäkerheten och nederbörden med 33 %. Montecarloanlys praktiserades även för att identifiera optimala intervall för parametrarna i modellen. Sannolikheten för ett accepterat värde på den simulerade effektvariabeln plottades mot varje parameters värdemängd. För vissa parametrar indikerade resultatet att intervallen kan förändras mot hur de i nuläget ser ut i StormTac. Uniforma sannolikhetsfördelningar, begränsade av StormTac:s min- och maxvärden för parametrarna och ± 50% av orginalvärdet för indata, användes i båda osäkerhetsanalyserna.
Svensson, Elin, and Miriram Adolfsson. "Karlstad tätorts dagvattenhantering : En studie om hanteringen av dagvatten ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73401.
Full textThe stormwater management is topical in today’s urban planning. The research that this study is based of shows how today's traditional system can not cope with future climate change with more intense precipitation. Stormwater also spreads pollution and environmental toxins such as nitrogen and phosphorus, but also heavy metals as chloride, oil, organic pollutants and bacteria. The traditional system often leads the stormwater straight into our waters via the recipients. Only 8 percent of Sweden's stormwater was purified in 2016. For a deeper understanding about this, the study is based on theories in sustainable development, anthropocentrism, ecocentrism and the spatial perspective. The study is based on the theories above, previous research as well as four interviews with a consultant, one who works on a industry sector organisation and two people who works on Karlstad kommun. The people are chosen for a deeper understanding about stormwater, how a sustainable stormwater management is defined and how Karlstad kommuns visions for stormwater management are. The result of this thesis has revealed that the informants view of stormwater is in line with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's guideline on sustainable stormwater management. The visions of stormwater in Karlstad kommun also live up to this definition. Based on the empirical data, the essay can show that the informants have a broad knowledge of future climate impact on the subject and its measures. The theories are linked with the result, where it is possible to see how the spatial perspectives are affected depending on how stormwater is managed and that an intergenerational anthropocentrism and weak ecocentrism perspective can be read from the interviews.
Gutborn, Johan, and Niklas Holmén. "Lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten vid ombyggnation och nyproduktion : Dagvattenhantering - styrkor och svagheter." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287734.
Full textDahl, Caroline. "Källspårning och åtgärdsförslag för rening av dagvatten från Lunda industriområde i Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333310.
Full textWhen more and more people move to the city and the cities expand, so does the amount of impermeable surfaces. This leads to reduced surfaces where rain is allowed to infiltrate the ground. This in turn leads to an increased amount of surface runoff and large amounts of storm water within our cities. On its way through the city the storm water adsorbs pollutants that have been deposited on the surface by traffic and from the air and transports them to nearby waterways and lakes. Since storm water is often released to the recipient without treatment it can have a significant effect on the water quality. Bällstaån is one waterway that receives large amounts of storm water from urbanized areas which has resulted in it being one of the most polluted waterways in Stockholm. Mainly high concentrations of nutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and metals have been recorded during the most recent sampling in 2016. High concentrations of PAH and PFOS have also been detected and to improve the chemical and ecological status of the waterway possible sources of these contaminants are being investigated within the area. One possible source that has been identified is storm water from Lunda industrial area located within the runoff area of Bällstaån. Lunda industrial area is about 76 ha and is mainly composed of a mix of industry buildings and offices. To determine potential sources of contaminants within the area an inventory of the site was conducted as well as a storm water simulation in the model SEWSYS with site specific data within this project. The results show that traffic is the largest contributor to pollutants in the storm water from the area but also that zinc corrosion, mainly from fences, is the largest source of zinc. The results from SEWSYS also show that storm water from roofs had lower concentrations of metals and PAH than storm water from roads and other hard surfaces on the ground. To improve the quality of the storm water from the area and reduce concentrations of pollutants several different methods were investigated. Since the area is an urban area with limited amount of open areas for large-scale treatment of storm water mainly small-scale methods have been investigated. Since the soil matrix is mainly composed of hard rock and clay the infiltration capacity of the area is considered poor and therefore solutions only based on infiltration have been deemed unsuitable. The main focus of the project has been on investigating how well the methods can treat the water but their ability to delay and store water have also been briefly estimated. The solutions considered to be most suitable for the area are ditches or trenches in connection to roads since most of the contaminants originate from these areas and these methods have a high reduction capacity for most contaminants. Biofilters or permeable surfaces could also be used as a complement to increase the amount of storm water that can be treated and stored and to reduce the amount of impermeable surfaces within the area and thereby reduce the amount of storm water in the first place. For roof runoff both biofilters and underground storage performed well enough to reduce concentrations of all pollutants except nitrogen below the guidelines.
Linde, Jesper, and Niklas Andersson. "Planera för dagvatten : en studie över PBL och särskilda dagvattenstrategiers tillämpning vid dagvattenhantering." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8208.
Full textThe majority of research done of the change in climate supports the theory that our climate is changing. The frequency of heavy rainfall will increase in the southern parts of Sweden, and we can already see the changes. More rain leads to higher levels of stormwater which can increase the pressure on our treatment plants and sewer systems. In time they can get undersized, which might cause damage and other inconveniences on our society. The counties in the country have, with their planning monopoly, responsibility to adapt the society so that these negative effects, that the changes in climate bring, can get minimized. The main purpose of the study was to examine how counties can use laws to plan for the stormwater, both for today and for the future. The purpose was also to examine how many counties in Västra Götaland use strategies for stormwater and if these strategies bring any advantages. Three main issues were identified to fulfill the purpose of the study: How can the problems around stormwater be managed through Plan- och bygglagens different levels of planning? How many counties in Västra Götaland use any form of strategy for stormwater? How are these strategies for stormwater used by counties in Västra Götaland? The state in Sweden that will get the highest change in rain levels according to recent studies is Västra Götaland. Therefore, the study only examines this state. The study is based on a survey about the usage of stormwater strategies. The survey was sent out to all 49 counties in Västra Götaland. Theoretical research on the topic was also made so that the issue "How can the problems with increasing stormwater levels be managed through Plan- och bygglagens different levels of planning?" could be investigated. 33 counties answered the survey and out of these, eleven counties had strategies for stormwater management. These strategies are used as a foundation for planning, but with varying results in the different counties. The study has shown that current law in Sweden can be used to create measures for managing the problems around stormwater, provided that it can be applied in the way the authors of the law intended. The counties economic conditions, sufficient competence and engagement is deal-breakers when it comes to application of the law in an efficient way, when dealing with stormwater management.
El, Masry Josef, and Miher Alkazragi. "Ovidkommande dagvatten i spillvattenledningar - En fallstudie av dagvattenhantering i ett bostadsområde i Hok." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28041.
Full textOsslund, Fabian, and Max-Bernhard Alm. "Kvantitativ kartläggning av ekosystemtjänsten dagvatten- och flödesreglering : i Stockholms innerstad med verktyget ArcGIS." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228868.
Full textAs a consequence of global warming, future precipitation patterns are predicted to be more intense. Thus, stormwater treatment plays an essential role in the urban environment to prevent flooding. Green infrastructure contributes to the treatment of stormwater through its ecosystem service “Stormwater treatment and flow regulation”. The objective of this study was to quantify the capacity of this ecosystem service by the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for a precipitation event with a return period of 10 years and a duration of one hour. The aim was to get an estimation of the potential contribution by green infrastructure to the capacity of stormwater treatment in the inner city of Stockholm. The result of the study was a potential capacity of 26 % of a precipitation event with a return period of 10 years and a duration of one hour. Future predictions of that same precipitation event in the year of 2100 resulted in a capacity of 21%. The thesis also presents the predicted consequences of climate change to the ecosystem service.
Steinwandt, Anna. "Dagvattenhantering i stadsmiljö : -hur kan dagvatten hanteras i den täta stadsstrukturen för att möta framtida klimatförändringar?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-903.
Full textLundgren, Björnqvist Christoffer. "Kommunala erfarenheter av dagvatten och skötsel vid dagvattendammar. : -vägar framåt för ett förbättrat underhåll." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141288.
Full textEliasson, Mikaela. "Kvantifiering av föroreningstillskott från dagvatten inom skyddsområdet för Göta Älv : en simuleringsstudie med modellen SEWSYS." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88867.
Full textThe river Göta Älv reaches between Vänern and Gothenburg and is the main raw water source for Gothenburg that supplies about 700 000 people with water. To protect and maintain a high water quality, continuously samples and water analyses are made throughout the river. In 1998 a protection area was founded between surte and Lärjeholm where the raw water intake is. This was made to increase the awareness of the importance to protect the water. However, there is a lot of contribution of untreated stormwater to Göta Älv within the protection area.
Göteborg Water and Sewage Works commissioned this thesis where two areas, Tagene industrial area and Kärra residential area, with untreated stormwater outlets within the protection area are studied. The areas have been divided according to surface composition with different rates of pollutant contribution. Then the stormwater flow and the contribution of pollutants was simulated with the model SEWSYS. The future aim is that the model will be able to simulate the contribution of pollutants for a variety of rains, for the whole protection area.
SEWSYS (Sewer System) is built in MATLAB/Simulink and consists of three modules, a stormwater module, a sanitary wastewater module and a treatment plant module. This project only includes the stormwater module. The model simulates the stormwater flow and the pollutants total phosphorous, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Samples and analysis for the two areas has been carried out for another thesis work during the same period. The results from those analyses have been used for the model settings for the areas.
Simulations have been performed to adjust the model and evaluate its ability to describe the stormwater flow and the pollutant contribution within the areas. The amount of stormwater and the runoff are well simulated by the model. However, the measured and analysed data has not been enough to get reliable simulations over the pollutant contribution. Further development of the model is necessary. Generally the model simulates lower values compared to measured values, especially in the industrial area. For a more general understanding over how SEWSYS works for the two areas, simulations were carried out on a yearly basis. Those simulations have been compared with general data for stormwater pollutants. Even though the results from the simulations have shown lower values than the measured values, the model shows clearly that the contribution of pollutants from the industrial site is greater than the contribution from the residential site.
Göta Älv sträcker sig från Vänern ner till Göteborg och är Göteborgs huvudsakliga råvattentäkt som försörjer ca 700 000 personer med vatten dagligen. För att säkra råvattenkvaliteten görs kontinuerliga provtagningar utmed älven. Dessutom beslutade Länsstyrelsen 1998 om ett skyddsområde med skyddsföreskrifter för avrinningsområdet mellan Surte i norr till vattenintaget vid Lärjeholm i söder. Ett mål med skyddsområdet är att det ska öka medvetenheten hos boende och de som är verksamma inom området om behovet att värna om vårt vatten. Dock leds det på flera ställen ut orenat dagvatten till älven inom skyddsområdet.
Examensarbetet är ett uppdrag av Göteborgs Va-verk där två områden med orenade dagvattenutsläpp till Göta Älv studeras, Tagene industriområde samt Kärra bostadsområde. Dessa områden har karterats och dagvattenflödet samt föroreningsbelastningen från dagvattnet har simulerats med modellen SEWSYS. Målet på lång sikt är att modellen ska kunna användas för att simulera föroreningsbelastningen vid olika regn för hela skyddsområdet.
Modellen SEWSYS (Sewer System) är uppbyggd i MATLAB/Simulink och bygger på tre moduler, en dagvattenmodul, en spillvattenmodul och en reningsverksmodul. För detta projekt har endast delen för dagvatten använts. Modellen simulerar dagvattenflödet och behandlar föroreningarna totalfosfor, totalkväve, koppar, zink, bly, kadmium samt polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH). I ett examensarbete parallellt med detta har provtagning och analyser av föroreningar för de båda områdena ägt rum och dessa värden ligger till grund för inställningen av modellen.
Simuleringar har utförts för att anpassa modellen samt utvärdera dess förmåga att beskriva dagvattenflödet och föroreningsbelastningen inom de aktuella områdena. Simuleringarna visar att avrinningen och dagvattenflödet simuleras bra av modellen. Det har dock visat sig att de gjorda mätningarna inte har varit tillräckliga som underlag för att få en tillförlitlig beskrivning av föroreningsbelastningen och vidare utveckling är nödvändig. Detta gäller särskilt i industriområdet där modellen generellt simulerar för låga föroreningsmängder. För en mer allmän uppfattning av SEWSYS modellen för de två områdena, har även simuleringar på årsbasis utförts och jämförts med schablonhalter för dagvattenföroreningar. Trots att simuleringsvärdena har legat lägre än de uppmätta värdena på föroreningsmängderna har det gått att visa att industriområdet bidrar till högre föroreningsbelastning än bostadsområdet på recipienten Göta Älv.
Bäckström, Magnus. "Grassed swales for urban storm drainage /." Luleå, 2002. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2002/06/index.html.
Full textBors, Peter. "Dagvattenundersökning på Falu Återvinning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100537.
Full textIn 2011, Falu Återvinning laid out 5 500 m2 of new tarmac to be used as storage space, mostly for digested sludge composting. In a correlation with this the County Administrative Board of Dalarna gave an investigation condition. This condition meant that the storm water at Falu Återvinning was to be examined in regards of pollution concentrations, masses, flows and possible environmental impact on the surroundings. The condition also meant that an appropriate treatment of the storm water was to be suggested. Today, the majority of the storm water is lead to an existing leachate pond while the remaining storm water goes to the Stångtjärnsbäck, which is a stream with a certain protection value since it contains fish. This report will serve as a basis for future expansion of the Self-monitoring program for Water at Falu Återvinning in regards of storm water. Self-monitoring means that businesses that can cause harm to human and/or environmental health have an obligation to monitor this impact. The purpose of the thesis project was to plan and carry out a sample-taking of the storm water at Falu Återvinning, and evaluate the results of the analyzes. These results were to be used as the basis of choosing appropriate treatment of the storm water. Prior to sampling, different sampling methods and the extent of the analyze were investigated. The sampling methods included grab and composite samples as well as passive sampling devices. The advantages and disadvantages of the different sampling methods as well as the conditions at Falu Återvinning formed the basis for the choice of method. The extent of the analyzes were chosen so that this included nutrient salts, heavy metals, organic parameters and a number of environmental pollutants. Which environmental pollutants were to be examined was chosen by consideration to the waste that is treated at Falu Återvinning. The acquired results were evaluated and used as a base for the recommendation of appropriate treatment of storm water at Falu Återvinning. An economical solution was desired so simple and/or natural treatment processes were investigated, since these are cheaper to run and requires less advanced technology. Processes that were investigated were storm water ponds, grassed areas, detention basins and the possibility to send the storm water to the local wastewater treatment facility, Främby Avloppsreningsverk. The investigated storm water at Falu Återvinning showed high concentrations of foremost nutrient salts, zinc and organic material. The sampling point of DV5 indicated that penetrated ground water may have been polluted by leachate from a nearby landfill. This is due to very high concentrations of organic material, alkalinity, chloride and ammonia nitrogen. Especially the very high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and chloride indicated a pollution of leachate. The storm water in the sampling point DV1 showed elevated concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc and organic materials. The highest concentrations of sulfate were found in this sampling point, although these values were lower than the guideline value of sulfate in drinking water. Concentrations of PCB were detected in DV1. DV3 contained high concentrations of lead, organic materials and nutrient salts, but the storm water in this point is collected and sent to the leachate pond. The composition of DV4 was the most varying out of all the sampling points, but showed high concentrations of organic materials, nitrogen and copper. The stormwater in sampling points DV1 and DV4 should not be lead to the Stångtjärnsbäck. The best treatment options for the storm water at Falu Återvinning would either be a storm water pond or the ability to send the water to the wastewater treatment facility Främby Avloppsreningsverk.
Abrahamsson, Erika. "Gröna tak - potentialen för dagvattenreglering i Karlstad : Simuleringar i Mike Urban." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36886.
Full textAs urban areas become more populated and denser, stormwater management becomes an important matter. Since natural areas are becoming exploited and green areas in cities are removed the stormwater flow increases due to the conversion of impermeable surfaces into hard surface areas. The increase in stormwater flow can cause flooding if the pipeline system is insufficient. Change in climate caused by anthropogenic emissions will expose our communities to difficult challenges. Urban flooding from sewers is one of them, and may become more frequent in parts of the world where precipitation is predicted to increase in the future. In order to develop our cities in a sustainable manner and create resilience, the urban drainage system has to be a part of this development. Many of the techniques related to sustainable urban drainage systems, like storage reservoirs and open channels, require access to land space. However, about 40-50 % of the impermeable surfaces in cities consist of roof. Consequently, an interesting alternative to decrease stormwater flow is green roof due to its ability to reduce and attenuate the flow. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the benefits of green roof’s stormwater management through simulations in Mike Urban. The simulations are made over two neighborhoods in Karlstad with future climate changes. The simulations indicated that green roof in these neighborhoods show good potential to lower the risk of flooding and the numbers of flooded wells by a 10- and 2-year rain is decreased by 42 and 58 %.
Cortés, Serrano Andrea. "En vägledning för lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten : förklaring och dimensionering av LOD samt sammanställning av tekniker." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174100.
Full textBest management practices (BMP) on storm water techniques emulate the nature in the way it controls water flows to make our built environments pleasant. Sewerage systems was a way to build away accumulations of water that could result in sources of infection and often there is a misconception that the BMP lead back to these problems. The outcome of this misconception is a routine to connect to water pipe systems, too often when nature surrounding the hard surfaces can hold more rainwater than it is taken accounted for. When there are functional requirements (for example moisture protection of house foundations) there often exist other ways to solve the problem than connection to the water pipe systems. The negative effects of this routine to connect to the water pipe systems are many, all to heed for alternatives. Amongst the effects are grounding problems as landslide, dehydrated nature areas, polluted water sources and overloaded pipes in the sewerage systems of cities and of expanding building areas. To make a reasonable choice of technique for each purpose and for the functional requirements for the analyzed grounds there is a need know how large water flows are accepted in each site. Each one of the techniques of BMP aims to emulate each one of natures tools, this is the reason this thesis describes both the natural tools and the man-made, nature-emulative techniques. Very little has happened regarding the aims to optimize areas where infiltration, perspiration and evaporation can take care of rainwater from hard surfaces since the 1970s when they were described. Notwithstanding, this feels like a very natural option to solve the problem. Some research has been done regarding the purification potential of plants in SLU, possibly this can be used for diversifying and enhancing BMP. One of the original intentions of this thesis was to give the municipality of Haninge tools and knowledge to manage BMP and for this reason a spreadsheet was elaborated to make dimensioning easier. To do this, available literature on dimensioning was used (named P46 in the matter). Some of the best management practices, abbreviated in Swedish as LUD (as opposed to LOD which is equivalent to BMP) mean an immediate uptake of storm water to be used on site for different purposes as irrigation etc and are suitable for those areas in Haninge as Dalarö that are composed by densified leisure house areas which are remade to permanent living areas. These places, being mostly littoral and isles, suffer from saltwater intrusion which would be remedied or at least diminished. Planning larger areas must take needed time, time to gather and coordinate information about the site amongst all disciplines. With this thesis and the enclosed spreadsheet the municipality of Haninge will have an easier way to prop individuals to use the techniques of BMP, specially in new areas of housing where greatest improvements could be made to lessen the strain on the sewerage systems and the pollution of nature. In the longer term, this could be the first step to make BMP the natural choice when constructing new areas.
Karlsson, Johan, and Hannes Öckerman. "Föroreningar från gata till å : Utvärdering av beräkningsmetod för föroreningsbelastningfrån dagvatten genom en fallstudie i Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277033.
Full textWe live in a society with an ongoing urbanization. New development projects anddensifications in urban areas contribute to reduced infiltration and evapotranspiration and anincreased surface runoff from rain and melt water, i.e. stormwater. It is essential to quantifythis diffuse source of pollution in urban environments since nutrients, heavy metals and otherpollutants, are transported by the stormwater and contribute to recipient degradation. Anutrient pollution load model in stormwater is used by Swedish environmental emission data(SMED) on a national level. The SMED computational method utilizes empirical runoffcoefficients and standard concentrations, which vary depending on the catchment land-use. Flow proportional sampling of total concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, lead, copper,zinc, cadmium and suspended solids was conducted during nine weeks in one of the largeststormwater catchments in Uppsala city, Sweden. The study aimed at quantifying the pollutionload of the catchment in order to evaluate and suggest improvements to the SMEDcomputational method, which contains large uncertainties according to previous studies.Furthermore, the study aimed at providing a basis for potential treatment measures in thecatchment. The sampling was complemented with a model evaluation where the sensitivity ofthe computational method was tested with respect to land-use input and the inclusion ofbaseflow. The model evaluation also included a comparison with a more physically basedmodel for nutrient transport in natural catchments. The results revealed that lead, copper and zinc are discharged into the Fyris River inconcentrations exceeding proposed regional guideline values. For copper and zinc the totalpollution loads on the recipient are higher than previously modeled values. As heavy metalsand phosphorus are transported largely in particulate form the potential treatment measureshould have the ability to effectively separate particulate matter from the stormwater matrix.Due to emissions of large volumes of cooling and regeneration water from the industry GEHealthcare Bio-Sciences AB, the stormwater pollutants are diluted. The treatment measureshould therefore be placed upstream from the industry. When applying the SMED computational method on the studied catchment, the modeloverestimated the runoff volume from stormwater compared to the sampling results, while theaverage nitrogen concentration was underestimated. Regarding phosphorus concentrations,the model and the sampling results concurred relatively well. This resulted in a higherphosphorus, but lower nitrogen, pollution load predicted by the model. It can partly beattributed the fact that baseflow transport of nitrogen is a significant part of the total pollutionload, and should thus be included in the SMED computational method in future calculations.Another model improvement would be to replace the outdated land-use map currently beingused in the method as the model evaluation indicated a relatively large sensitivity in theresults with regards to alterations in the land-use type input.
Franzén, Fanny, and Mikael Stenberg. "En utredning av dagvattenhantering : Projekt Södra Hemlingby, Gävle." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301617.
Full textThe need to manage stormwater in urban areas, urban runoff, has changed. With a climate that continues to change, the weather and precipitation are becoming more unpredictable each year. When this is combined with even further urbanisation of our cities, urban flooding’s will be more frequent, with immense damage as aftermath. Södra Hemlingby is currently being exploited by Gävle kommun, with a mixture of accommodations. Furthermore, Gävle kommun will build a new school, gymnasium, retirement home and pre-school, all constructed in the municipal regime. By increasing the regulations regarding how to dimension the system designed to locally deal with the urban runoff, from a 10-year rain-plan to a more comprehensive 20-year rain-plan. Hemlingbybäcken, the local recipient in the area, is already at its maximum capacity. With the core of this thesis being urban runoff, Södra Hemlingby and its surrounding area planned to contain the social structure will be the area used as a foundation when estimating the local demand for processing the urban runoff. Furthermore, this thesis will also investigate how the increasing demand for a 20-year rain-plan will influence this project. The results indicated that the solution that best fulfils the requirements, and was within the of scope this thesis, was the kassettmagasin. When compared against a tried-and-tested method stenkista, the kassettmagasin proved to have more advantages. With the effect that comes with changing in climate and weather conditions, it is motivation enough to increase the demand to dimension for a 20-year rain-plan.
Östlind, Johanna. "Sammanvägda avrinningskoefficienter i rationella metoden : en jämförelse mellan idag och 1970-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176706.
Full textBollvik, Mikael, and Pontus Svensson. "Dagvattenhantering på Arenastaden i Växjö." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19484.
Full textBoholm, Per. "Bestämning av dagvattenflöden i Knivstaåns avrinningsområde." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193230.
Full textGårdefors, Carolina. "Utvärdering av reningsfunktionen i dag- och lakvattendammar i Lidingö Stad." Thesis, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231152.
Full textJansson, Sara. "Översvämningsmodellering av ett dagvattensystem." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207540.
Full textHansson, Anton. "Modellering av föroreningspridning från dagvatten till grundvatten : En studie av Norrvattens reservvattentäkt i Hammarbymagasinet, Upplands Väsby kommun." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284340.
Full textThe aim of the study was to investigate how stormwater infiltration effected the groundwater quality in an aquifer placed north of Stockholm and used as an emergency water supply by the local federation Norrvatten. Therefore, it is essential that stormwater infiltration do not endanger the ability of the aquifer to be used as water supply. The studied infiltration plant contains of two pipes and is placed around 2,5 km away from the extraction wells used by Norrvatten. The contaminants that was studied were lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury, PFAS, oil, PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and benso(a)pyrene. For each contaminant, a limit of the concentration in the groundwater was set based on Swedish environmental norms (MKN), regulations of drinking water or internal limits by Norrvatten. The first step in the process was to estimate the pollution concentration in the stormwater reaching the infiltration plant. This was made by using the database of the company StormTac which contains of several measurements from different land uses. The pollution concentration was estimated in different ways, in one case the pre-defined standard concentrations were used. Then a generator was used that picked one measurement from the database and then 500 simulations were performed. Also, the measurements were transformed into a normal distribution. From both these methods the 90-percentile was calculated and used to estimate the pollution concentrations. This contributes to a more conservative way of estimating the concentrations than using the standard concentrations defined in the database. The transportation through the vadose zone was calculated using a one-dimensional analytic equation which included advection, dispersion, and sorption. The sorption was based on Kd- and KOC-values from literature. This calculation aimed to estimate the time it takes for the contaminants to reach the groundwater level and when the concentration there was stabilized. Another analytical model was used to estimate the further spreading in the groundwater zone. This model included mixture with fresh groundwater upstream. The model calculates the maximum concentration that can occur at a distance downstream from the infiltration. The concentration at 20, 50, 100 and 200 meters downstream was calculated with this model and compared with the defined concentration limits. The last step in modelling the spreading of pollution was particle tracking in a groundwater model in the software FeFlow from DHI. Particles were released at the place of infiltration and then forward particle tracking were made using Random-Walk, in the model advection and dispersion was included. From the results approximate travel times to the wells could be decided. From the results in the study the concentration of oil gives most rise to concern. The concentration heavily exceeds the limit in groundwater at all the four distances. However, purification with oil separator has not been included in the study and the concentration in the infiltrated stormwater most probably considerably lower than the used value. Some local quality problems appear for lead, mercury, PAH and benso(a)pyrene at a maximum distance of 100 meter downstream of the infiltration plant. Of course, attention must also be payed to other sources of contamination which has not been included in this work
Eliasson, Caroline, and Lovisa Gidlöf. "En utredning av Stockholms stads åtgärdsnivå för dagvatten : Modellering av omhändertagen vattenvolym och reningseffekt i en planerad växtbädd." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278117.
Full textThe effect of climate change is expected to cause an increase in precipitation with greater frequency and intensification in Sweden, which results in a larger amount of water that needs to be managed. In urban environments this could be challenging since useable spaces for stormwater management decreases and the portion of impervious areas increases, which leads to a rapid stormwater runoff and a higher release of pollution to receiving waters. To be able to plan for a future climate where both the risk of flooding and the quality of water bodies are included, higher demands need to be set on municipalities’ stormwater management. One way for municipalities to reach the demands is to implement a stormwater management strategy, which is a long-term plan that treats stormwater management at new constructions, reconstructions, change of land use and for operation and maintenance of buildings and facilities. Stockholm municipality is one of the municipalities in Sweden with polluted surface water bodies that does not meet the requirements of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) and the Water Framework Directive. To address this problem, Stockholm municipality has implemented a stormwater management strategy, which includes a “remediation standard” (åtgärdsnivå) with guidelines on how the city should handle their stormwater in order to reach the EQS. The guidelines apply to all new and reconstruction projects and includes a “design policy” (dimensioneringskrav) where stormwater facilities should be dimensioned after a rain depth of 20 mm to achieve a retention capacity of at least 70% for phosphorus, copper and zinc. The rain depth of 20 mm corresponds to handling 90% of the rain events that are less or equal to a precipitation of 20 mm during a year. The design policy has resulted in large areas in Stockholm being devoted to stormwater management. However, this is not always possible since there is a great competition regarding available spaces in urban areas. During the development of the design policy, no consideration was made to continuous outflow during rainfall in stormwater facilities. This means that the design policy could be deviated for these facilities. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to investigate the remediation standard and the underlying computations in the design policy. The investigation consists of a literature study and a case study for a stormwater facility consisting of a rain garden with continuous outflow, where the modeling tools Mike Urban and StormTac are applied. In Mike Urban it is investigated which rain depth that corresponds to handling 90% of the yearly runoff. To investigate which retention capacity the modelled rain depths generates, StormTac is used. The retention capacity was estimated for phosphorus, copper and zinc. The results indicate that there are several ambiguities concerning the development of Stockholm municipality’s remediation standard, especially since the full procedure is not presented. The modeling results from Mike Urban show that a rain depth of 10 mm is enough to handle 90% of the yearly runoff. On the other hand, the StormTac results indicate that a retention capacity of at least 70% will be difficult to ensure even though the rain garden is able to handle 90% of the yearly runoff. Despite the several ambiguities concerning the development of Stockholm municipality’s remediation standard, it could nonetheless be considered better for the city to have a design policy to ensure that enough space is available to manage stormwater. However, it is important that the remediation standard is continuously updated and adapted to new research and technologies. Further amendments to the remediation standard need to be made to create clarity for when the design policy is applicable.