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Journal articles on the topic 'Dactylis glomerata'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Skalozub, O. M., and N. L. Klochkova. "Evaluation of source material for selection Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Region conditions." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 11, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-60-3-57-64.

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Dactylis glomerata is an upland loose-flattened perennial herb, the most shade-tolerant of the common grasses. Low winter hardiness is an obstacle to the wide use of Dactylis glomerata as a grassland crop and a limiting factor for the release of varieties in the Primorsky Region. The devel- opment of highly winter-hardy intensive types of dwarf Dactylis glomerata is an important area of breeding work. The study aims to study promising source material of Dactylis glomerata for further use in creating new winter-hardy, high-yielding varieties. The authors have identified types for the yield of intensive varieties by studying the collection of Dactylis glomerata for the period 2018-2020 in the conditions of the Primorsky Region. The Dactylis glomerata plants reach full development and the highest yields in the third year of life. In terms of green matter yields in the two years of use, several Dactylis glomerata exceed the standard by 29-34%. These are variety samples 41821 Wild (Norway), 40280 Wild (Altai), and Sverdlovchanka 86 (Ural Agricultural Research Institute). The va- rieties Sverdlovchanka 86 (Urals Agricultural Research Institute), Dikorastushchaya (Primorskaya local) and 32028 Dikorastushchaya (Arkhangelskaya region) were distinguished by seed yield in the two years of use, having exceeded the standard by 113-153%. The winter hardiness of plants in the first winter is a limiting factor for Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Krai conditions. The identified differences in the winter hardiness of plants allow the best of them to be used in selection. In the col- lection nursery of Dactylis glomerata, a variety of varieties with 100% winter hardiness of plants in the first winter after sowing were: 48113 Aukstuole (Lithuania), 41821 Wild (Norway), 40896 Wild (Kazakhstan), Sverdlovchanka 86 (Agricultural Research Institute), Wild (Primorsky Region).

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2

Zhang, Ji Min, Akio Hongo, and Masahiro Akimoto. "Physical strength and its relation to leaf anatomical characteristics of nine forage grasses." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 6 (2004): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03049.

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Nine species of forage grasses (five C3 species and four C4 species) were planted in a controlled-environment glasshouse. The C3 plants were Festuca arundinacea Schreb, Dactylis glomerata L., Phleum pratense L., Lolium perennel L. and Poa pratensis L.; the C4 plants were Chloris gayana Kunch., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Paspalum dilatatum Poir. and Sorghum halenpense (L.) Pers. The number of major vascular bundles and minor vascular bundles, cross-sectional area, the area and proportion of sclerenchyma in a cross-section, thickness of leaf blade, and tensile and shear strength were investigated in order to determine the relationship between physical strength and anatomical characteristics. Physical strength and anatomical characteristics of leaf blades showed significant (P < 0.01) variation between species. Significant correlations were detected between tensile strength and cross-sectional area in forage grasses except Festuca arundinacea. Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Chloris gayana and Sorghum halenpense showed significant correlations of tensile strength with the number of major vascular bundles. Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perennel showed significant correlations of shear strength with cross-sectional area. Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata and Paspalum dilatatum showed significant correlations of shear strength with the number of major vascular bundles. The proportion of sclerenchyma in a cross-section showed poor correlations with tensile and shear strength. Thickness of leaf blade showed poor correlations with tensile and shear strength except in Dactylis glomerata. Physical strength and anatomical characteristics of leaf blades of the C3 group differed significantly (P < 0.01) when compared with the C4 group except for cross-sectional area. Tensile and shear strength showed significant correlations with cross-sectional area, sclerenchyma area and the number of vascular bundles when all nine species were treated as one group.

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3

Jerónimo, Paulo António, František Hrabě, Pavel Knot, and Michal Kvasnovský. "Evaluation of Suitability of Grass Species for Dry Conditions (Water Stress)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 5 (2014): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462050953.

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Based on three-year results of a ﬁeld experiment evaluating aboveground biomass production and the number of stems of above-ground shoots of grass species (Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis) grown in a 200×200 mm layout in two water regime variants (normal and reduced – 50% of precipitation) and further in two variants of mowing intensity (meadow – 3 mowings, grazing – 5 mowings per year), the following has been ascertained. The most productive species on averages of the two moisture regimes is Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis have fodder weight signiﬁcantly lower by 20.8% and 22.6% (meadow var.) and 16.9% and 21.9% (grazing var.). Reduction of moisture signiﬁcantly decreased the above ground biomass weight in case of meadow exploitation in Dactylis glomerata −41.2%, in Lolium perenne by −9.9% and in Festuca pratensis −33.5%. In case of grazing exploitation, the inﬂuence of “drought” on production was less pronounced. Dactylis glomerata provided the same output, in Lolium perenne there was a decrease of −15.7% and in Festuca pratensis −11.9%. Reduction of precipitation signiﬁcantly decreased shoot formation particularly in case of meadow utilization in Lolium perenne −23.7%, Dactylis glomerata −34.7% and Festuca pratensis −20.5%. In case of grazing utilization, reduction in the number of pseudostems due to “drought” was lower – in the order of the above species – 27.1% – 4.6% – 9.6%. Generally, compared with meadow utilization, grazing utilization decreases fodder production in both moisture regimes and increases the number of above-ground shoots.

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4

McElroy, A. R. "AC Nordic orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-110.

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AC Nordic is a late-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar. It was developed by mass selection for yield, persistence and resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis) at the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Its yield was similar to that of cv. Sumas in a total of 33 station years in Quebec. Yield in second and subsequent production years was 101.6% of cv. Sumas over 19 station years. Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass

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5

McElroy, A. R. "AC Splendor orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-100.

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AC Splendor is a late-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar. It was developed by phenotypic selection within cv. Rideau for winter hardiness, yield, persistence and absence of stem rust (Puccinia graminis) at the Plant Research Centre. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa. Its forage yield was 103.2% of cv. Kay over 15 station years in Ontario. Yield in second and subsequent production years was 101.7% of cv. Kay over 8 station years. Key words:Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass

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6

MÃ¡rquez, SÃ¡nchez, G. F. Bills, and I. Zabalgogeazcoa. "The endophytic community of Dactylis glomerata." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3088.

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Morphological and molecular methods were used to identify the endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata. Fungal endophytes belonging to 109 different species were isolated from asymptomatic plants sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Species accumulation curves showed that most species commonly infecting this grass have been identified, but the number of singleton species occasionally infecting the plants is likely to increase with more sampling effort. A large endophytic assemblage consisting of fungi with diverse ecological roles, and potentially unknown species was found in a small number of plants. Keywords: endophytes, Dactylis glomerata, diversity, abundance

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7

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L." Hereditas 61, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1969.tb01850.x.

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8

Bowley, S. R., D. Hancock, and D. Wood. "Jay orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-065.

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Jay is a cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) developed by the Crop Science Department, University of Guelph. It was developed by half-sib progeny testing for yield, leafiness, and late-maturity. It is similar in herbage yield and plant height but slightly later maturing than the cultivar Kay. Jay is suited for situations where a late-maturing orchardgrass is desired. Key words: Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, cultivar description

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9

KLOCHKOVA, NATALIYA, and OLGA SKALOZUB. "BREEDING OF THE ORCHARD GRASS (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA)." RICE GROWING 57, no. 4 (2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2022-57-4-38-43.

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10

Christie, B. R., and S. R. Bowley. "Jay Orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-148.

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Jay is a cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) developed by the Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. The nine parents of Jay were selected for general vigour, late maturity, plant height at heading, and aftermath vigour. It is similar in herbage yield and plant height but slightly later maturing than the cultivar Kay. Jay is suited for situations where a late-maturing orchardgrass is desired. Key words: Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, cultivar description

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11

Singtripop, Chonticha, Erio Camporesi, Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Ali H. Bahkall, Putarak Chomnunti, Saranyaphat Boonmee, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Keissleriella dactylidis, sp. nov., from Dactylis glomerata and its phylogenetic placement." ScienceAsia 41, no. 5 (2015): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2015.41.295.

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12

Arepieva, L. A. "Synanthropic communities with Dactylis glomerata L. in the Kursk Region." Vegetation of Russia, no. 33 (2018): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.33.3.

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The results of the studies of synanthropic vegetation in Kursk Region (area is 29 800 sq. km), that is located between 50°54′–52°26′ N and 34°05′–38°31′ E, are given. Zonal vegetation is represented by broad-leaved forests on dark-gray forest soils and meadow steppes on chernozems. Synanthropic vegetation was being studied since 2003. 58 relevés were performed in the city of Kursk and few district centers of Kursk Region. The data were treated by IBIS 7.2 software package (Zverev, 2007). Classification is carried out according to Braun-Blanquet approach, the names of the higher syntaxa follow to «Vegetation of Europe…» (Mucina et al., 2016). Ecological conditions, such as soil moisture, richness in mineral nitrogen, light were assessed with the use of average values by H. Ellenberg et al. (1992) ecological scales while hemerobiality with use of average values of N. G. Ilminskikh (1993) ecological scale and processed by IBIS software (Zverev, 2007). As a result, 2 new associations of synanthropic vegetation were described. Their communities are widely distributed in anthropogenic habitats within the study area. Ass. Arrhenathero elatioris–Dactylidetum glomeratae (Arepieva 2015) ass. nov. et stat. nov. hoc loco (Table 2, relevés 1–35; nomenclature type (holotypus) is relevé 19 in the paper by L. A. Arepieva (2015: 102, Table 34), it corresponds to relevé 4 (author’s number — 37) in Table 2 in this article) refers to the alliance Convolvulo arvensis–Agropyrion repentis Görs 1967, order Agropyretalia intermedio–repentis T. Müller et Görs 1969, class Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer et al. in Tx. ex von Rochow 1951. Diagnostic species are Arrhenatherum elatius and Dactylis glomerata. Two variants are distinguished within the association. Communities of var. typica (Table 2, relevés 1–19; Fig. 1) are described on sunny sites. Communities of var. Glechoma hederacea (Table 2, relevés 20–35; Fig. 2) are often formed in partially shaded habitats under strong anthropogenic impact, that’s why species of the order Arctio lappae–Artemisietalia vulgaris Dengler 2002 and the class Sisymbrietea Gutte et Hilbig 1975 are more common there. Previously (Arepieva, 2015) we considered this association decribed in the Kursk city as subass. Convolvulo arvensis–Elytrigietum repentis Felföldy 1943 dactylidetosum glomeratae Arepieva 2015. Presently, its rank is rised up to the аssociation for the following reasons: this syntaxon has a wide area of distribution, as the studied communities are common throughout the region, and it good enough differs of the other syntaxa of the alliance Convolvulo arvensis–Agropyrion repentis that are known in our region. Synoptic table (Table 3), value ranges of ecological factors for аssociations (Fig. 3) and DCA-ordination diagram (Fig. 4) demonstrate the differentiation of the syntaxa. The differences of this аssociation of those close to it in composition known in other regions (ass. Convolvulo arvensis–Elytrigietum repentis in Czech Republic, ass. Agropyro repentis–Dactylidetum glomeratae Ubaldi 1976 em. Ubaldi, Puppi et Speranza 1983 in Italy, ass. Geranio tuberosae–Dactylidetum Korzh. et Kljukin 1990 in Ukraine) are discussed. Among syntaxa of the meadow vegetation the most similar in species composition to it is subass. Arrhenatheretum elatioris dactylidetosum glomeratae Nowiński 1967 (alliance Arrhenatherion elatioris Luquet 1926, order Arrhenatheretalia elatioris Tx. 1931, class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937) in Poland. The syntaxon differentiations are shown in Table 4. In Kursk Region close to the described association is ass. Anthoxantho–Agrostietum tenuis Sillinger 1933 (alliance Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947, order Arrhenatheretalia elatioris Tx. 1931, class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937). Ass. Glechomo hederaceae–Dactylidetum glomeratae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2, relevés 36–58; nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — relevé 41 (author’s number — 650); Fig. 5) belongs to the alliance Arction lappae Tx. 1937, order Arctio lappae–Artemisietalia vulgaris Dengler 2002, class Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 1951. Diagnostic species are Carex contigua, Dactylis glomerata, Elsholtzia ciliata, Glechoma hederacea, Xanthoxalis stricta. Its communities, that occur in parks and gardens, were described in shaded habitats. The differences between this association and those of synanthropic vegetation close to it in the species composition are shown: ass. Leonuro–Arctietum tomentosi Lohmeyer in Tx. 1950 in Kursk Region and ass. Arctio tomentosi–Rumicetum obtusifolii Passarge 1959 in Slovakia (Table 5; Fig. 6, 7). Identified syntaxa, described within different orders and classes, have high floristic similarity because their communities are directed series with gradually changing conditions (the DCA-ordination diagram on Fig. 8). There is a change of impact of some ecological factors (light, moisture, reaction and richness in mineral nitrogen of soils and substrates) along axis 1. On this axis the communities of var. Glechoma hederacea of the ass. Arrhenathero elatioris–Dactylidetum glomeratae occupy an intermediate position and species, that have high constancy in ass. Glechomo hederaceae–Dactylidetum glomeratae, also occur in these. In all likelihood, the axis 2 is a change in degree of anthropogenic impact, which does not significantly influence on the syntaxon differentiation. The results of DCA-ordination are confirmed by the value ranges of ecological factors (Fig. 9).

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13

Lemežienė, N., J. Kanapeckas, P. Tarakanovas, and S. Nekrošas. "Analysis of dry matter yield structure of forage grasses." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 6 (December 10, 2011): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4033-pse.

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An average dry matter yield structure (three cuts per growing season) in relation to agronomically valuable characteristics of six forage grass species and a year of herbage utilization was studied over the period of 1989–2002 in Lithuania. The most productive species of the first cut of two years of herbage utilization were Phleum pratense (P < 0.01) and Festulolium hybrids (P < 0.05) (average dry matter yield were 7.42 and 6.66 t/ha, respectively), moderately productive – Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne (5.58, 5.42 and 5.20 t/ha), significantly lower (P < 0.01) yielding was Poa pratensis (4.19 t/ha). During two years of herbage utilization Dactylis glomerata produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher dry matter yield of aftermath – 7.30 t/ha. Other grass species were ranked in the following order: Festulolium hybrids 5.85 t/ha, Festuca pratensis 4.94 t/ha, Poa pratensis 4.57 t/ha, Lolium perenne 4.48 t/ha, and Phleum pratense 3.92 t/ha. Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis distinguished by the highest aftermath percent in the structure of the annual dry matter yield (57.7 and 52.2%). Phleum pratense formed an especially poor aftermath – only 34.6%. An average annual dry matter yield data analysis of two years of herbage utilization over the period of 1989–2002 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium hybrids were most productive (P < 0.01) species.

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14

Dąbrowska, T. "Soluble nitrogen compounds in tillering nodes and roots of Dactylis glomerata." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 43, no. 1 (2015): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1974.005.

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A characteristic is given of the low molecular weight fraction of nitrogen compounds in tillering nodes and roots of the grass <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> in spring and in autumn. It was found that in vegetative storage organs of <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> glutamic acid with glutamine, aspartic acid with asparagine, alanine and arginine play important roles in the storage of nitrogen. From the free amino acids pool of the tillering nodes and roots item amino acids in crystalline form were isolated and identified.

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15

Gurevitch, Jessica, and Robert S. Unnasch. "Experimental removal of a dominant species at two levels of soil fertility." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 3470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-424.

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Fertilization of the soil in herbaceous plant communities has been observed to lead to an increase in productivity but a decline in species richness and diversity. We tested the hypothesis that the decline in diversity is due to increased competition from a dominant species by removing the dominant species, Dactylis glomerata L., from an old field community with and without fertilization. Fertilization without the removal of Dactylis resulted in a steep decline in species numbers and in species diversity. The removal of Dactylis when fertilizer was added prevented the decline in species richness. Removal of this dominant species led to an increase in species diversity, an increase in either the frequency or the abundance of almost half of the common species in the system, and an increase in the combined biomass of uncommon species. The response to the removal of Dactylis was greater at higher than at low soil fertility for most but not all variables. Key words: old-field, fertilization, competition, species diversity, community structure, Dactylis glomerata.

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CALOIN, M., B. CLEMENT, and S. HERRMANN. "Regrowth Kinetics of Dactylis glomerata Following Defoliation." Annals of Botany 66, no. 4 (October 1990): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088041.

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17

TURESSON, GöTE. "ECOTYPICAL SELECTION IN SIBERIAN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L." Hereditas 12, no. 3 (July 9, 2010): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1929.tb02511.x.

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Ackermann, R., Imke Mewes, G. Freygang, H. Jeroch, and G. Gebhardt. "Untersuchungen zum Futterwert von Knaulgras (Dactylis Glomerata)." Archiv für Tierernaehrung 35, no. 5 (May 1985): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450398509425196.

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Tormo-Molina, Rafael, José-María Maya-Manzano, Inmaculada Silva-Palacios, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, and Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo. "Flower production and phenology in Dactylis glomerata." Aerobiologia 31, no. 4 (April 17, 2015): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-015-9381-7.

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Skládanka, Jiří, Petr Doležal, František Hrabě, Jan Šeda, and František Mikyska. "Yields of perennial grasses in the summer and at the end of the growing season." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 2 (2009): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957020105.

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The paper deals with the yields of Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius and Festulolium-Dactylis glomerata mixture during the growing season and at the end of the growing season. The yields were assessed in the Bohemian-Moravian upland at 560 m a.s.l. A small-plot experiment was established in three repetitions. The assessment was made in three subsequent years. The experiment was annually fertilized with 50 kg . ha−1 N, 30 kg . ha−1 P and 60 kg . ha−1 K. Evaluated were dry matter yields and RYT values (Relative Yield Total) in the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata. In summer, the sward was used either for one cut (harvest in early June) or two cuts (harvests in early June and late July). At the end of the growing season, the stand was harvested in October or in November or in December. Yields of the first cut in early June ranged from 5.90 to 9.12 t . ha−1. Yields of the second cut in late July ranged from 1.05 to 4.60 t . ha−1. Statistic difference between the species was significant (P < 0.05) in the respective cuts. Total yields of dry matter in the growing season ranged from 7.51 to 10.05 t . ha−1. Number of cuts and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on DM yields. The mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an additive relation (RYT = 1) in the first cut and an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) in the second cut. At the end of the growing season, the yields ranged from 0.71 to 2.27 t . ha−1. Average yields of one-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June) were at the end of the growing season 2.27 t . ha−1 and average yields of two-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June and late July) were 0.79 t . ha−1. From October to December, the yields were decreasing from 1.78 to 1.32 t . ha−1. Species, number of cuts in summer, harvest date at the end of the growing season and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on dry matter yields. In the first two production years, the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) at the end of the growing season. In the third production year, the relation between Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata as expressed by the RYT value could be identified as synergic (RYT > 1).

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Acharya, S. N., D. R. Friebel, and Y. Castonguay. "Kayak orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 905–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07016.

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Kayak is a high yielding early maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with good level of winterhardiness suited for silage and hay production in western Canada including interior British Columbia. The population was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC and Western Forage Trials (WFTests), Kayak yielded 4% better than the check cultivar Kay under both rain fed and irrigated conditions. Kayak orchardgrass produces 10% more seed yield than Kay while its seed size is slightly smaller than Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, high forage yield, winterhardy

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Skládanka, Jiří. "Leaf dynamics of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata L. at the end of the growing season." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 4 (2008): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856040273.

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The paper is focused on the assessment of leaf extension rate (LER), leaf appearance rate (LAR) and leaf senescence rate (LSR) in the Festulolium (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. × Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and in the Dactylis glomerata L. at the end of the growing season from the end of September to the beginning of December. In summer, the swards were used for a single cut (beginning of June) or for a double cut (beginning of June and end of July). Measurements were made in three periods from 14 Sept. to 11 Oct., from 11 Oct. to 29 Oct., and from 29 Oct. to 6 Dec. In the first period, LER was higher in Dactylis glomerata L. (3.770 mm tiller−1 d−1) than in Festulolium (2.376 mm tiller−1 d−1). In the second and third period, LER was higher in Festulolium (0.859 resp. 0.271 mm tiller−1 d−1) than in Dactylis glomerata L. (0.694, resp. 0.199 mm tiller−1 d−1). LAR values measured in Festulolium in the studied periods were 0.277 leaf tiller−1 d−1, 0.079 leaf tiller−1 d−1 and 0.038 leaf tiller−1 d−1 and LAR values of Dactylis glomerata L. were 0.225 leaf tiller−1 d−1, 0.054 leaf tiller−1 d−1 and 0.027 leaf tiller−1 d−1. In the course of the whole period of study, LSR showed the highest values in Dactylis glomerata L. (7.869 mm tiller−1 d−1, 5.947 mm tiller−1 d−1 and 4.757 mm tiller−1 d−1) while the LSR values of Festulolium were lower (2.904 mm tiller−1 d−1, 2.375 mm tiller−1 d−1 and 1.205 mm tiller−1 d−1). The influence of both the species and the period of measurement on the LER, LAR and LSR values was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) to very highly significant (P < 0.001). The interaction between the species and the period of measurement was very highly significant (P < 0.001) in the LER characteristic. The influence of the intensity of sward use in summer on the LSR values was very highly significant (P < 0.001), too.

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BOSTAN, Cristian, Nicolae Marinel HORABLAGA, Dorin RECHIŢEAN, Petru RAIN, Christianna –. Maria ISTRATE – SCHILLER, Adina HORABLAGA, Loredana COPĂCEAN, Alina AGAPIE, Natașa BOSTAN-PÎNIȘOARĂ, and Luminiţa COJOCARIU. "NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) IN THE EVALUATION OF PHENOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L. AND MEDICAGO SATIVA L." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v3i1.174.

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The fodder species Medicago sativa L. and Dactylis glomerata L. are appreciated for their yield, due to their high perenniality and the large number of scythes in a year, as well as for their different use. In recent years, fodder crops and grasslands have been given a special place in precision agriculture, and by using remote sensing and implicitly the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the vegetation status of crops is appreciated. In this context, the paper aims to capture the time dynamics, in different phenological stages, of the species Dactylis glomerata L. and Medicago sativa L., based on spectral information extracted from the analysis of PlanetScope satellite images, with a spatial resolution of 3 m. carried out in the experimental lots of the Lovrin Agricultural Research and Development Station - taking into account two plots cultivated with Dactylis glomerata L. (1.22 ha) and Medicago sativa L. (0.8 ha), located in the second and third year of vegetation. The analysis of the spectral information, materialized by NDVI values, with the data collected in the field regarding the dynamics of crop development (BBCH Code) led to the extraction of some useful conclusions for the agricultural practice regarding the health status of the two crops. NDVI values in Dactylis glomerata L. and Medicago sativa L. were different depending on crop evolution. Thus, at the end of winter, the NDVI index had the same average values for both crops (0.746), validated by field observations on crop health. Later on, for the Medicago sativa L. crop, the values of the NDVI index are increasing until sprout phenophase, when green mass was mowed for fodder. In the seed culture of Dactylis glomerata L. the values of the NDVI index are also increasing in the vegetative phase and reach the maximum threshold of 0.833, on 12.05.2020, in the phenophase - 50% of flowering (BBCH), after which it there is a decrease in them alonside with the change of the color of the plants as a result of the appearance of spikelets and later their ripening. The values of the NDVI index immediately after harvest in the two crops are different, being determined by their biological peculiarities.

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Galic, Z., S. Orlovic, Verica Vasic, Vladislava Galovic, Bojana Klasnja, D. Stojanovic, and Violeta Babic. "Phytocoenological characteristics in poplar plantations in the protected region of the central Danube basin." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 3 (2011): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1103811g.

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Following the water regulation along the Danube river, the area of natural forests decreases and the vegetation is fragmented. The goal of the study was to survey the recent phytocenological characteristics of the region of the protected floodplain outside the dam. We surveyed three site types in poplar plantations near Novi Sad. In the poplar plantations phytocoenological relev?s were made. The elevation of the study plantations is between 75 and 76 m a.s.l. The most represented species on the ground layer are the species Dactylis glomerata, Urtica dioica and Rubus caesius identified on the humofluvisol. The most represented species on the sandy part of the fluvisol were Rubus caesius, Solidago serotina, Dactylis glomerata and Equisetum arvense. The loamy form of fluvisol occurs at an elevation of 75.50 m. The most numerous species on the loamy form of the fluvisol in the flooded region were Rubus caesius, Solidago serotina, Polygonum hydropiper, Dactylis glomerata and Urtica dioica. Based on the above data, we determined the differences between ground vegetation in the study areas and in the part of the alluvial plain affected by additional moisture by both floodwater and ground water.

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Wieczorek, Eleonora, Anna Bijak, and Bronisława Morawiecka. "Comparative studies on the proteins, carbohydrates, acid phosphatase and ribonuclease in caryopses of two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 49, no. 1-2 (2014): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1980.007.

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Comparative studies were carried out on some biochemical components in caryopses of two varieties of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>. The determined protein content depended upon the solvent and amounted to 0.22-0.39 g, with sugar amounting to 2.7-3.6 g and pentoses to 0.30-0.67 g per 100 g of caryopses. The level of pentoses, acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activity was about twice higher in the caryopses of the 'Motycka' variety than that in 'Nakielska'. Similar differences in the two varieties were found in the enzyme activity in the seed and chaff of the <em>Dactylis glomerata</em> caryopses.

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26

KAPSALI, Eirini Ia, and Maria KARATASSIOU. "Seasonal Changes in Leaf Tissue Rehydration of One Annual and Two Perennial Grass Forage Species Induced by Bioclimate." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha43210057.

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Bioclimate signifies the continuous interplay between plants and climate factors (primarily drought) and has a direct impact on the water relations and the duration of the rehydration process in water stressed plants. To explore the association between bioclimate and water physiology of forage species in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands, we determined the seasonal variation in leaf water potential, turgid weight and relative water content in wild growing Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus inermis Leyss (perennial) and Bromus sterilis L. (annual) during the growing season. The study was conducted at the farm of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The results of the current study reveal that B. sterilis maintained high levels of water potential most probably by accelerating its biological cycle and decreasing water content because it fails to sustain turgidity. Dactylis glomerata and B. inermis presented even higher water contents than B. sterilis for the same water potential. Dactylis glomerata exhibited substantially higher water potential and content than B. inermis by keeping the rehydration duration stable. The extensive creeping rhizome seems to allow B. inermis to sustain high values of water potential and content possibly ensuring turgidity. Regardless of the grass species the duration of rehydration ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 hours throughout the growing season. Our findings demonstrate that (a) D. glomerata and B. inermis are better adapted to Mediterranean semiarid conditions than B. sterilis and (b) turgid weight in Mediterranean forage species can safely be determined after a rehydration period of 3.5 hours.

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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya, and D. E. Hunt. "Cheam-VR orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-089.

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Cheam-VR is an early-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate temperate climate. The population was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, BC, in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC trials, Cheam-VR yielded 6% better than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 15% more than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Cheam-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 6% more than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata

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Mizianty, Marta. "Biosystematic studies on Dactylis L. 2. Original research. 2.1. Morphological differentiation and occurrence of representatives of the genus Dactylis in Poland. 2.1.1. Field studies and experimental cultures." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, no. 4 (2014): 589–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.056.

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The author presents the results of a statistical and populational analysis of the morphological characters of the genus <em>Dactylis</em>. Biometric studies of natural populations were carried out simultaneously with observations of samples from experimental cultures. It has been recognized that in Poland the genus <em>Dactylis</em> is represented by one species, <em>D. glomerata</em> L., within which three subspecies have been distinguished: subsp. <em>glomerata</em>, subsp. <em>aschersoniana</em> (Graebn.) Thell. and subsp. <em>slovenica</em> (Dom.) Dom. The author gives a key to the determination of these subspecies.

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29

Nesic, Zorica, Zorica Tomic, S. Vuckovic, and Dragana Ruzic-Muslic. "The effect of N fertilization on share of alfalfa leaf and protein content in grass-leguminous mixtures." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 1-2 (2007): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702089n.

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Different ratio of plant organs means that their role and contribution to forming of total yield and quality is different. Objective of this research was to monitor changes in the share of alfalfa leaf in mixtures depending on the type of mixture and N fertilization. Trial was set in the period 2003-2004 as twofactorial trial according to method of random block system in four repetitions. Research included three mixtures: alfalfa+cocksfoot (Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata); alfalfa+cocksfoot+tall fescue (Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata+Festuca arundinaceace); alfalfa+cocksfoot+tall fescue +sainfoin Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata+ Festuca arundinaceace+Onobrychis sativa) and pure alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crop as control variant, as well as four fertilization variants 0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha-1. Statistically highly significant differences in the effect of both investigated factors on the share of alfalfa leaf were established only in the first investigation year. The lowest share of leaf was determined in pure alfalfa crop 53.7%, whereas the mixture II had the highest share of leaf of 58.2%. The greatest share of leaf was established in treatments with 210 kg ha-1 - 58.0%, and the lowest share of alfalfa leaf in total yield was determined in treatments without N - 53.3%.

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Catherall, P. L. "RESISTANCE TO COCKSFOOT MOTTLE VIRUS IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA." Annals of Applied Biology 108, S1 (April 1986): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.1986.108.s1.148.

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31

CALOIN, M., B. CLÉMENT, and S. HERRMANN. "Regrowth Kinetics of Dactylis glomerata Following Root Excision." Annals of Botany 68, no. 5 (November 1991): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088275.

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32

MÜNTZING, ARNE. "CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO HAPLOID TWINS IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA." Hereditas 29, no. 1-2 (July 9, 2010): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1943.tb02718.x.

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Mizianty, Marta. "Banding patterns in plant chromosomes. III. Dactylis glomerata subsp. aschersoniana (Graebner) Thell. from Poland." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 54, no. 2 (2014): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1985.016.

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The present paper presents part of the author's studies on the variability of the genus <em>Dactylis</em> from Poland. The karyotypes and Giemsa heterochromatin banding patterns of three population samples of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em> subsp. <em>aschersoniana</em> (Graebner) Thell. (2n = 14) from Poland were studied in detail.

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34

Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya, and D. E. Hunt. "Haida-VR orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-087.

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Haida-VR is a latematuring orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate, temperate climate. The cultivar was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia (BC) in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta. In BC trials, Haida-VR yielded 3% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 21% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Haida-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 3% better than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata

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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya, and D. E. Hunt. "Chilliwack-VR orchardgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-088.

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Chilliwack-VR is a medium-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) population with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with a moderate temperate climate. The population was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, BC, in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC trials, Chilliwack-VR yielded 5% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 23% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Chilliwack-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded as much biomass as a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata

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Khomiak, Marіia. "Screening of samples of Dactylis glomerata L. by complex of signs." Foothill and mountain agriculture and stockbreeding, no. (69)-1 (March 1, 2020): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2021-(69)-1-7.

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Xie, Wengang, Joseph G. Robins, and B. Shaun Bushman. "A genetic linkage map of tetraploid orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and quantitative trait loci for heading date." Genome 55, no. 5 (May 2012): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-026.

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Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.), or cocksfoot, is indigenous to Eurasia and northern Africa, but has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is one of the top perennial forage grasses grown worldwide. To improve the understanding of genetic architecture of orchardgrass and provide a template for heading date candidate gene search in this species, the goals of the present study were to construct a tetraploid orchardgrass genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci associated with heading date. A combination of SSR markers derived from an orchardgrass EST library and AFLP markers were used to genotype an F1 population of 284 individuals derived from a very late heading Dactylis glomerata subsp. himalayensis parent and an early to mid-heading Dactylis glomerata subsp. aschersoniana parent. Two parental maps were constructed with 28 cosegregation groups and seven consensus linkage groups each, and homologous linkage groups were tied together by 38 bridging markers. Linkage group lengths varied from 98 to 187 cM, with an average distance between markers of 5.5 cM. All but two mapped SSR markers had homologies to physically mapped rice (Oryza sativa L.) genes, and six of the seven orchardgrass linkage groups were assigned based on this putative synteny with rice. Quantitative trait loci were detected for heading date on linkage groups 2, 5, and 6 in both parental maps, explaining between 12% and 24% of the variation.

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RECHIŢEAN, Dorin, Cristian BOSTAN, Christianna ISTRATE – SCHILLER, Nicolae Marinel HORABLAGA, Luminiţa COJOCARIU, Loredana COPĂCEAN, Maria –. Despina BORDEAN, and Ciprian BUZNA. "PERFORMANCE OF THE DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L. SPECIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF A.R.D.S. LOVRIN." LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.58509/lssd.v3i1.177.

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The Dactylis glomerata L. species is found in a spontaneous state in the meadows of Romania. It is an essential component in the composition of simple mixtures with alfalfa and complex mixtures along with other grasses and perennial legumes. The manifestation of agrobiological characteristics in Dactylis glomerate L. is characterised by complexity and variability, influenced by technology, soil, and climatic conditions that vary inherently in space and time. The research was focused on the knowledge of the agro-biological characteristics and production capacity of the species Dactylis glomerata L. in correlation with local conditions. The research was carried out at Agricultural Research-Development Station of Lovrin and as a biological material the cock's-foot genotype LVDG1 was used, the culture has been established in the Autumn of 2020. Biometric measurements were made on the main agro-biological characters until the first scythe was harvested as a green mass feed. Research shows that all parameters analyzed have the same tred, in both experimental years, with small variations, the differences being attributed to the lack of uniformity of precipitation, the temperature not being a restrictive factor. In the case of the experimental site, the characteristics and type of variation of the decadal quantities of atmospheric precipitation, expressed by the modified Angot index (km), show that in the range of 1.01 to 31.05. 2021, the decades with a pluviometric surplus prevail, with large differences compared to the same period of 2022, which is also found in the externalization of the characters in cock's-foot. The rainfall in the year 2021 contributed to a better expression of vegetative parameters, including the production of green mass at the first scythe. Hence, in 2021 was the highest production of green mass at the first scythe of 25 t.ha -1.

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Borowik, Agata, Jadwiga Wyszkowska, Mirosław Kucharski, and Jan Kucharski. "The Role of Dactylis Glomerata and Diesel Oil in the Formation of Microbiome and Soil Enzyme Activity." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123362.

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The global demand for petroleum contributes to a significant increase in soil pollution with petroleum-based products that pose a severe risk not only to humans but also to plants and the soil microbiome. The increasing pollution of the natural environment urges the search for effective remediation methods. Considering the above, the objective of this study was to determine the usability of Dactylis glomerata for the degradation of hydrocarbons contained in diesel oil (DO), as well as the effects of both the plant tested and DO on the biochemical functionality and changes in the soil microbiome. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with non-polluted soil as well as soil polluted with DO and phytoremediated with Dactylis glomerata. Soil pollution with DO increased the numbers of microorganisms and soil enzymes and decreased the value of the ecophysiological diversity index of microorganisms. Besides, it contributed to changes in the bacterial structure at all taxonomic levels. DO was found to increase the abundance of Proteobacteria and to decrease that of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes. In the non-polluted soil, the core microbiome was represented by Kaistobacter and Rhodoplanes, whereas in the DO-polluted soil, it was represented by Parvibaculum and Rhodococcus. In soil sown with Dactylis glomerata, gasoline fraction (C6–C12) degradation was higher by 17%; mineral oil (C12–C35), by 9%; benzene, by 31%; anthracene, by 12%; chrysene, by 38%; benzo(a)anthracene, by 19%; benzo(a)pyrene, by 17%; benzo(b)fluoranthene, by 15%; and benzo(k)fluoranthene, by 18% than in non-sowed soil. To conclude, Dactylis glomerata proved useful in degrading DO hydrocarbons and, therefore, may be recommended for the phytoremediation of soils polluted with petroleum-based products. It has been shown that the microbiological, biochemical and chemical tests are fast and sensitive in the diagnosis of soil contamination with petroleum products, and a combination of all these tests gives a reliable assessment of the state of soils.

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Mandrone, Manuela, Lorenzo Marincich, Ilaria Chiocchio, Piero Zannini, Riccardo Guarino, and Ferruccio Poli. "Metabolomic Study of Dactylis glomerata Growing on Aeolian Archipelago (Italy)." Metabolites 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060533.

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The Aeolian Islands (Italy) are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea comprising seven main islands, among which are two active volcanoes. The peculiar geological features and the wide variety of environments and soils have an important impact on native plants, and in particular, the Aeolian populations of Dactylis glomerata (a perennial cool-season bunchgrass) exhibit remarkable phenotypic variability. Considering that environmental drivers also strongly affect the production of plant metabolites, this work aimed at comparing the metabolomic profiles of D. glomerata (leaves) harvested at different altitudes on four islands of the Aeolian archipelago, namely: Lipari, Vulcano, Stromboli and Panarea. Samples were analyzed by 1H NMR profiling, and data were treated by PCA. Samples collected on Stromboli were very different from each other and from the samples collected in the other islands. Through an Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) model, using altitude as the y variable, it emerged that the concentration of proline, glycine betaine, sucrose, glucose and chlorogenic acid of D. glomerata growing on Stromboli decreased at increasing altitude. Conversely, increasing altitude was associated with an increment in valine, asparagine, fumaric acid and phenylalanine.

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Jiao, Yongjuan, Guangyan Feng, Linkai Huang, Gang Nie, Zhou Li, Yan Peng, Dandan Li, Yanli Xiong, Zhangyi Hu, and Xinquan Zhang. "Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 14 Subspecies of D. glomerata: Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomic Analyses." Genes 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13091621.

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Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a species in the Gramineae family that is highly important economically and valued for its role in ecology. However, the phylogeny and taxonomy of D. glomerata are still controversial based on current morphological and molecular evidence. The study of chloroplast (cp) genomes has developed into a powerful tool to develop molecular markers for related species and reveal the relationships between plant evolution and phylogenetics. In this study, we conducted comparative genomic analyses and phylogenetic inferences on 14 cp genomes of D. glomerata originating from the Mediterranean and Eurasia. The genome size ranged from 134,375 bp to 134,993 bp and exhibited synteny of gene organization and order. A total of 129–131 genes were identified, including 85–87 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The cp sequences were highly conserved, and key sequence variations were detected at the junctions of inverted repeats (IRs)/small single–copy (SSC) regions. Moreover, nine highly variable regions were identified among the subspecies based on a sequence divergence analysis. A total of 285 RNA editing sites were detected that were relevant to 52 genes, where rpoB exhibited the most abundant RNA editing sites. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Dactylis subspecies clustered into a monophyletic group and most branches provided a high support bootstrap. The main divergence time of D. glomerata was dated to the Miocene era, and this could have been due to changes in the climate. These findings will provide useful insights for further studies on phylogeny, the identification of subspecies and the development of hypotheses for the evolutionary history of the genus Dactylis and of the Gramineae family.

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Volaire, Florence, Geneviève Conéjero, and François Lelièvre. "Drought survival and dehydration tolerance in Dactylis glomerata and Poa bulbosa." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 8 (2001): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00162.

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To analyse the contribution of dormancy and dehydration tolerance to drought survival of perennial grasses, we compared Poa bulbosa L., which is classified as a resurrection plant, with one of the most drought resistant cultivars of MediterraneanDactylis glomerata L. Comparing periods when dormancy was induced in Poa (summer) and not induced (winter), we aimed to ascertain the presence of differential plant responses between dormancy and dehydration tolerance and to characterise water status, sugar and dehydrin accumulation in surviving organs of Poa and Dactylis, in relation to their ability to survive intense drought. Irrespective of the dormancy status of Poa, the bulbs of this species had a final water content lower than 10% and survived an extreme drought. This could be associated with the accumulation of sucrose and the expression of a high number (>10) of dehydrins that peaked when the water content of the bulbs fell below 50%, whether this dehydration was due to dormancy induction or increasing soil water deficit. The independence of dormancy to dehydration tolerance was reinforced by the expression of a specific dehydrin (approx. 28 kDa) found only in irrigated, but dormant, tissues of Poa. The Dactylis exhibited contrasting survival between experiments (46 and 0% after a summer and winter drought, respectively). The mortality was associated with a significantly higher rate of decrease of the membrane stability of leaf bases of Dactylis in winter and with barely detectable amounts of sucrose contents in droughted roots. However, neither the water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in leaf bases nor the overall accumulation of dehydrins could be related to the contrasting survival of this Dactylis between the two seasons. Since in seeds of Poa and Dactylis, the accumulation of dehydrins was comparable with that found in droughted aerial tissues of the same species, the expression of these proteins must interact with other mechanisms to confer dehydration tolerance.

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Zhang, Chaowen, Kai Cai, Mengyuan Li, Jiaqi Zheng, and Yuzhu Han. "Plant-Growth-Promoting Potential of PGPE Isolated from Dactylis glomerata L." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040731.

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Plant-growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) are a kind of beneficial microorganisms which could inhabit plant tissues to antagonize certain plant pathogens and promote the host plant’s growth and development. At present, many studies have confirmed the mutualistic effect of endophytes with plants, but there are few systematic studies on beneficial roles between endophytes and Dactylis glomerata, especially on the PGPE characteristics of the forage and environmental restoration plant. This study aimed to isolate PGPE from D. glomerata, evaluate their effects on plant growth, and ultimately acquire desirable microbial inoculants for agricultural use. First, endophytes were isolated from D. glomerata by plant re-inoculation experiment, and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. Fixation medium and methods were carried out to assess the nitrogen fixation ability of the strains. Then, the ability to dissolve phosphorus was determined by the Olsen and silicate medium methods; secretory IAA was measured by Salkowski colorimetric method; and the inhibitive effects on phytopathogen were observed by confrontation culture. Twenty-one strains were isolated from four varieties of D. glomerata, among which 14 strains with plant-growth-promoting characteristics were obtained by re-inoculation experiments, including seven endophytic bacteria and seven endophytic fungi. Further evaluation of three selected strains with the most significant PGP attributes were performed by using the pot re-inoculation experiment which revealed that TG2-B derived from Myroides odoratimimus was the most effective plant-growth-promoting agent due to its ability to produce high levels of IAA; the strain Bacillus cereus exhibited the most robust ability in dissolving inorganic phosphorus; and Trichoderma harzianum manifested a conspicuously antagonistic effect against a variety of plant pathogens. For the first time, this study reports the identification of D. glomerata endophytes that were able to promote plant growth and have a considerable antagonistic effects on plant pathogens, which could be considered as microbial inoculants for using in improving crop production and plant disease control.

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Wu, En, Guo Rong Xin, and Kazuo Sugawara. "Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.664.

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With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

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Kurhak, V. H., M. I. Shtakal, and V. M. Shtakal. "Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands." Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" 2, no. 91 (November 24, 2016): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/zem.91.74-79.

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There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

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46

Kostenko, N. Yu. "Donors of resistance of Dactylis glomerata to fungal diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 7 (2021): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2021_7_35.

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47

Fraser, Joanna, and Eric G. Kokko. "Panicle, spikelet, and floret development in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-058.

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The initial stages of panicle, spikelet, and floret development in field-grown 'Kay' orchardgrass were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Spikelets arose from a complex multilevelled sequence of initiation from branch apices. Spikelets developed indirectly in a two-tiered progression: (i) an acropetal and basipetal sequence of first order, second-order, and third-order inflorescence apices, and (ii) an acropetal development within subclusters of higher-order lateral branch inflorescence apices. The panicle had the unique feature of dorsiventrality as well as bilateral symmetry. The basal apex from first-order, second-order, or third-order apices developed on the same side of the main axis as the first-order apex. The two glumes subtending each spikelet primordium developed alternately and acropetally. Development and initiation of florets within spikelets was basipetal within the panicle, basipetal within clusters and subclusters of spikelets on lateral branches, and acropetal within spikelets. Within florets, paleas developed later than lemmas. Key words: Dactylis glomerata, cocksfoot, scanning electron microscopy, development, panicle.

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48

Chatterton, N. J., P. A. Harrison, W. R. Thornley, and J. H. Bennett. "Structures of Fructan Oligomers in Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)." Journal of Plant Physiology 142, no. 5 (November 1993): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80397-4.

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Horn, M. E., R. D. Shillito, B. V. Conger, and C. T. Harms. "Transgenic plants of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) from protoplasts." Plant Cell Reports 7, no. 7 (December 1988): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00272733.

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Bretagnolle, François, and John D. Thompson. "Phenotypic Plasticity in Sympatric Diploid and Autotetraploid Dactylis glomerata." International Journal of Plant Sciences 162, no. 2 (March 2001): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/319572.

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