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Journal articles on the topic 'Dackel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Galter, Sunhild. "Animals in Ricarda Terschaks Drei Kinder und ein Dackel." Kronstädter Beiträge zur germanistischen Forschung 22 (May 20, 2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/kbzgf.2022.22.08.

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Ricarda Terschak war in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren eine bekannte und viel gelesene Kinder- und Jugendbuchautorin. Leider ist sie nach 1990 immer mehr in Vergessenheit geraten. In allen ihren Werken kommen Tiere vor, die traumatisierten, verlassenen, vernachlässigten Kindern helfen, das Leben zu meistern. Ihre Bücher sind in erster Reihe aus einer didaktischen Absicht heraus geschrieben worden, sodass man manchmal den erhobenen Zeigefinger zu sehen vermeint. Dennoch hat die Beliebtheit ihrer Geschichten gezeigt, dass sie den richtigen Ton getroffen hat und vor allem spürt man, dass sie die junge Generation liebt und beschützen will.

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2

Clément, Aurélie, Malgorzata Wiweger, Sophia von der Hardt, Melissa A. Rusch, Scott B. Selleck, Chi-Bin Chien, and Henry H. Roehl. "Regulation of Zebrafish Skeletogenesis by ext2/dackel and papst1/pinscher." PLoS Genetics 4, no. 7 (July 25, 2008): e1000136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000136.

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3

Breu, Doris, Nicole Stieger, and Elisabeth Müller. "Auftreten von Harnsteinen – alters-, rasse- und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Hunden aus Deutschland." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 49, no. 01 (February 2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1334-0733.

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Zusammenfassung Ergebnisse Bei den Steinen handelte es sich um Struvit (44,7 %), Kalziumoxalat-Monohydrat (Whewellit, 24,5 %), Cystin (15,2 %), Ammoniumurat (5,3 %), Kalziumoxalat-Dihydrat (Weddellit, 4,4 %), Kalziumphosphat (1,6 %), Xanthin (1,2 %), Whewellit/Weddellit (1,1 %), Brushit (0,4 %) und andere Substanzen 1,7 %. Das mediane Alter (Jahre) der Hunde betrug bei Struvit 8, bei Kalziumoxalaten (Whewellit und Weddellit) 10, bei Cystin 5, bei Brushit 11, bei Xanthin 6,5 und bei Ammoniumurat 6. Bei weiblich-intakten (83,8 %) und weiblich-kastrierten (80,8 %) Individuen kamen Struvitsteine am häufigsten vor, während bei männlich-intakten Hunden Cystinsteine (36,7 %) und Kalziumoxalate (35,5 % Whewellit und Weddellit) dominierten. Kastrierte Rüden hatten zu 50,0 % Kalziumoxalat, zu 17,3 % Struvit und zu 10,5 % Cystinsteine. Struvitsteine ließen sich am häufigsten bei den Rassen Mops (75,9 %), Labrador (73,1 %), Shih Tzu (62,2 %), Dackel (50,4 %) und Malteser (36 %) nachweisen, Kalziumoxalate bei den Rassen Zwergschnauzer (54,8 %), Jack Russell Terrier (49,5 %) sowie Yorkshire Terrier (48,2 %). Cystin trat am häufigsten bei den Rassen Französische Bulldogge (47,2 %), Bulldogge (44,8 %), Chihuahua (44,1 %) und Dackel (32,8 %) auf. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Hunde aus Deutschland zeigten alters-, geschlechts- und rassespezifische Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Harnsteinen. Die Kenntnis über ein gehäuftes Vorkommen unterschiedlicher Harnsteinarten in Deutschland sowie über eine mögliche Rassedisposition ermöglicht dem Tierarzt, ein zielgerichtetes Monitoring zur Prophylaxe und Metaphylaxe zu etablieren und gemeinsam mit dem Tierbesitzer einen geeigneten Therapieplan zu erstellen.

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4

Klesty, Alexandra, Franck Forterre, and Gudrun Bolln. "Postoperatives Ergebnis bei Diskopathien des Hundes in Abhängigkeit von Rasse, Lokalisation und Erfahrung des Chirurgen: 1113 Fälle." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 47, no. 04 (August 2019): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0948-9187.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Der Bandscheibenvorfall (BSV) ist eine häufige neurologische Erkrankung bei Hunden, der in vielen Fällen chirurgisch behandelt werden kann. Retrospektiv sollten bei solchen Patienten mögliche Einflussfaktoren wie Signalement, Lokalisation oder Schweregrad des BSV sowie Erfahrung des Operateurs auf das langfristige Behandlungsergebnis eruiert werden. Material und Methoden Die Auswertung umfasste die Daten von 1113 Hunden, die von Januar 2008 bis Juli 2013 an einem oder mehreren Bandscheibenvorfällen operiert worden waren. Ergebnisse Hunde chondrodystropher (CD) Rassen mit einer Disposition wie Dackel, Jack Russell Terrier und Französische Bulldogge erkrankten deutlich früher an BSV als Hunde nicht chondrodystropher (NCD) Rassen mit signifikanten rassespezifischen Unterschieden hinsichtlich Lokalisation und neurologischem Schweregrad. Intakte Rüden waren überproportional häufiger betroffen, während das Gewicht der Patienten nicht mit dem Auftreten eines BSV korrelierte. Der neurologische Schweregrad und die Lokalisation des BSV, nicht aber die Hunderasse oder der Erfahrungsgrad des Operateurs beeinflussten das postoperative Behandlungsergebnis. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz CD-Rassen erkrankten häufiger an einem BSV als NCD-Rassen mit Französischen Bulldoggen als jüngsten Patienten. Die meisten Vorfälle traten in der BWS (Peak in Th12/13) auf, die wenigsten in der HWS mit rassespezifischen Unterschieden: Beagle erkrankten vorwiegend in der HWS, Hunde kleiner NCD-Rassen, Dackel und Jack Russell Terrier in der BWS und Französische Bulldoggen sowie Hunde großer NCD-Rassen in der LWS. Ungünstig für das klinische Behandlungsresultat waren ein höherer neurologischer Schweregrad und ein BSV in der BWS: Kleine NCD mit BSV Grad IV in der BWS hatten die längste Rekonvaleszenz, während Französische Bulldoggen mit dem selben Grad in der LWS schneller wieder lauffähig waren.

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5

Grandel, H., B. W. Draper, and S. Schulte-Merker. "dackel acts in the ectoderm of the zebrafish pectoral fin bud to maintain AER signaling." Development 127, no. 19 (October 1, 2000): 4169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.19.4169.

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Classical embryological studies have implied the existence of an apical ectodermal maintenance factor (AEMF) that sustains signaling from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) during vertebrate limb development. Recent evidence suggests that AEMF activity is composed of different signals involving both a sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal and a fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) signal from the mesenchyme. In this study we show that the product of the dackel (dak) gene is one of the components that acts in the epidermis of the zebrafish pectoral fin bud to maintain signaling from the apical fold, which is homologous to the AER of tetrapods. dak acts synergistically with Shh to induce fgf4 and fgf8 expression but independently of Shh in promoting apical fold morphogenesis. The failure of dak mutant fin buds to progress from the initial fin induction phase to the autonomous outgrowth phase causes loss of both AER and Shh activity, and subsequently results in a proximodistal truncation of the fin, similar to the result obtained by ridge ablation experiments in the chicken. Further analysis of the dak mutant phenotype indicates that the activity of the transcription factor engrailed 1 (En1) in the ventral non-ridge ectoderm also depends on a maintenance signal probably provided by the ridge. This result uncovers a new interaction between the AER and the dorsoventral organizer in the zebrafish pectoral fin bud.

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6

Lee, Jeong-Soo, Sophia von der Hardt, Melissa A. Rusch, Sally E. Stringer, Heather L. Stickney, William S. Talbot, Robert Geisler, et al. "Axon Sorting in the Optic Tract Requires HSPG Synthesis by ext2 (dackel) and extl3 (boxer)." Neuron 44, no. 6 (December 2004): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.029.

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7

Braus, B. K. "Das Ophthalmologische Quiz: Plötzliche Erblindung (Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome) bei einer Dackelhündin." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 36, no. 01 (2008): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622656.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Fallbericht, Darstellung der Symptomatik und Diagnostik bei einem Hundes mit Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS). Material und Methode: Eine achtjährige Dackelhündin wurde klinisch und ophthalmologisch untersucht. Zur Diagnosestellung erfolgte zusätzlich die Ableitung eines Elektroretinogramms (ERG). Ergebnisse: Die klinische Untersuchung ergab einen unauffälligen Befund. Ophthalmologisch konnte die bereits von der Besitzerin vermutete Erblindung bestätigt werden. Der direkte und indirekte Pupillarreflex ließen sich nur verzögert auslösen, die Drohreaktion und der Blendreflex („Dazzle Response“) waren negativ. Vordere und hintere Augenabschnitte präsentierten sich unauffällig. Auch bei der funduskopischen Untersuchung ließen sich keine Veränderungen nachweisen. Die Ableitung eines ERG zeigte aber die erloschene Netzhautfunktion, sodass die Diagnose SARDS gestellt wurde. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Bei plötzlicher beidseitiger Erblindung und unverändertem Fundus sollte differenzialdiagnostisch an das SARDS gedacht werden. Oft sind Dackel betroffen. Um SARDS von einer Neuritis nervi optici abzugrenzen, ist ein Elektroretinogramm abzuleiten. Für SARDS gibt es bislang keine gesicherte Therapie.

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8

Anderson, Gary. "The Clash of the German Hunting Community and the Anti-Hunting Movement: Its Political and Social Dimensions." German Politics and Society 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503001782173756.

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On a frozen field 35 kilometers east of Dortmund, members of Germany’selite—government officials, business leaders, and royalty—assemble in the medieval city of Arnsberg for a 1,000 year ritual: theArnsberg Treibjagd (driven hunt). Like live-sized Hummelfiguren,adorned in Bavarian-style Loden coats, expensive Zeiss binoculars,priceless weapons, and accompanied by the German hunter’s bestfriend, the Dackel, they ready themselves for the ancient and hairraisingwail of the hunting horns—the hunt is on! The playing out ofthis medieval scene is soon interrupted, however, by an unlikelygroup of fast-moving, jean-clad “hunting saboteurs” who, wieldingsigns that read “Hunting is Murder,” proceed to barricade huntingareas and to risk life and limb before high-powered rifles. The sceneplays itself out in the usual way: heated words are exchanged, thepolice arrive, and the hunt is cancelled. Over the past few years, thisscenario has become more common in German forests. For the firsttime in its deeply rooted existence, German hunting is under siegeby the anti-hunting movement, begging the question of whether thisage-old hunting culture will survive in the new century.

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9

van Eeden, F. J., M. Granato, U. Schach, M. Brand, M. Furutani-Seiki, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, et al. "Genetic analysis of fin formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.255.

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In the zebrafish, Danio rerio, a caudal and pectoral fin fold develop during embryogenesis. At larval stages the caudal fin fold is replaced by four different fins, the unpaired anal, dorsal and tail fins. In addition the paired pelvic fins are formed. We have identified a total of 118 mutations affecting larval fin formation. Mutations in 11 genes lead to abnormal morphology or degeneration of both caudal and pectoral fin folds. Most mutants survive to adulthood and form a surprisingly normal complement of adult fins. Mutations in nine genes result in an increased or reduced size of the pectoral fins. Interestingly, in mutants of one of these genes, dackel (dak), pectoral fin buds form initially, but later the fin epithelium fails to expand. Expression of sonic hedgehog mRNA in the posterior mesenchyme of the pectoral fin bud is initiated in dak embryos, but not maintained. Mutations in five other genes affect adult fin but not larval fin development. Two mutants, longfin (lof) and another longfin (alf) have generally longer fins. Stein und bein (sub) has reduced dorsal and pelvic fins, whereas finless (fls) and wanda (wan) mutants affect all adult fins. Finally, mutations in four genes causing defects in embryonic skin formation will be briefly reported.

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10

Seipel, J., K. Biermann, I. Nolte, and J. Rieder. "Kaniner und feliner Diabetes mellitus – ein epidemiologischer Rückblick (1996–2006)." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 36, no. 03 (2008): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622674.

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Zusammenfassung:Gegenstand und Ziel: Bestimmung der Prävalenz und Risikofaktoranalyse des Diabetes mellitus bei Hund und Katze am Patientenkollektiv der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover. Material und Methoden: Retrospektiv wurden alle diabetischen Patienten der Klinik für Kleintiere der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover in den Jahren 1996 bis 2006 nach Gewicht, Alter, Rasse und Geschlecht analysiert. Ergebnisse: In diesem 11-jährigen Untersuchungszeitraum litten 10 von 1000 Katzen und 4 von 1000 vorgestellten Hunden an Diabetes mellitus. Der feline Diabetes mellitus weist im Vergleich zum kaninen Diabetes mellitus eine steigende Tendenz auf. Im Geschlechtervergleich der Katzen repräsentieren kastrierte Kater mit 1,52% die größte Gruppe. Mit 0,79% sind kastrierte Hündinnen am häufigsten betroffen. Das Verhältnis von diabetischen Hündinnen zu Rüden liegt bei 2 : 1. Im Rassenvergleich ergibt sich bei Cairn Terrier und West Highland White Terrier eine erhöhte Inzidenz des Diabetes mellitus, während Schäferhunde und Dackel eine signifikant nierigere Prävalenz aufweisen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Prävalenz des Diabetes mellitus nimmt bei der Katze im Gegensatz zum Hund im norddeutschen Patientenkollektiv zu. An diesem Patientengut wurden folgende Risikofaktoren ermittelt: zunehmendes Alter, männliches Geschlecht und Gewicht für Katzen; mittleres Alter, weibliches Geschlecht und Kastration für Hunde. Klinische Relevanz: Die Entstehung des kaninen und felinen Diabetes mellitus ist multifaktoriell und daher nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung für Kliniker und Forscher. Aus diesem Grund kommt der Identifizierung von Risikofaktoren für das bessere Verständnis sowie die Erarbeitung neuer Präventionsmaßnahmen und Behandlungskonzepte herausragende Bedeutung zu.

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11

Trowe, T., S. Klostermann, H. Baier, M. Granato, A. D. Crawford, B. Grunewald, H. Hoffmann, et al. "Mutations disrupting the ordering and topographic mapping of axons in the retinotectal projection of the zebrafish, Danio rerio." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.439.

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Retinal ganglion cells connect to their target organ, the rectum, in a highly ordered fashion. We performed a large-scale screen for mutations affecting the retinotectal projection of the zebrafish, which resulted in the identification of 114 mutations. 44 of these mutations disturb either the order of RGC axons in the optic nerve and tract, the establishment of a topographic map on the tectum, or the formation of proper termination fields. Mutations in three genes, boxer, dackel and pinscher, disrupt the sorting of axons in the optic tract but do not affect mapping on the tectum. In these mutants, axons from the dorsal retina grow along both the ventral and the dorsal branch of the optic tract. Mutations in two genes, nevermind and who-cares, affect the dorsoventral patterning of the projection. In embryos homozygous for either of these mutations, axons from dorsal retinal ganglion cells terminate ventrally and dorsally in the tectum. In nevermind, the retinotopic order of axons along the optic nerve and tract is changed in a characteristic way as well, while it appears to be unaffected in who-cares. Two mutations in two complementation groups, gnarled and macho, affect the anteroposterior patterning of the projection. In these mutants, nasodorsal axons branch and terminate too soon in the anterior tectum. In 27 mutants belonging to six complementation groups, retinal axons do not form normal termination fields. Some implications for models concerning the formation of topographic projections are discussed.

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12

Beltser (Belcer), A. А. "Border barons and Royal justice: The Dacres trials in 1525, 1534." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 28, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2022-28-1-35-41.

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This article compares the trials against two members of the Dacre family, the Barons of Dacre Thomas and William. The relationship between the monarch and the nobility has traditionally been considered one of the key moments in the development of states in the Middle Ages and early modern times. Subordinating the aristocracy and restricting its independence is seen as one of the main goals of royal policy. Both Dacres held important posts in frontier administration, acting as Wardens of the Border Marches on the Scottish border. In addition, the Dacres owned vast tracts of land in the northern counties and were one of the most powerful families in northern England. A comparison of the two trials thus sheds light on royal politics in the northern lands, the relationship of the Dacre family of Gillsland to the Tudor monarchy and their place in the social microcosm of the Anglo-Scottish frontier. The study is based on an analysis of the public papers of the early Tudor era: the correspondence and records of court proceedings. As the study shows in the trials of 1525 and 1534, the Crown did not seek to wipe out the influence of the Dacres barons entirely, but to limit it by punishing them for their neglect of royal laws and excessive autonomy. At the same time, the initiative to persecute the Dacres came from the provincial gentry, those with whom the barons, for various reasons, failed to deal. The Crown was only responding to these challenges.

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Schilling, T. F., T. Piotrowski, H. Grandel, M. Brand, C. P. Heisenberg, Y. J. Jiang, D. Beuchle, et al. "Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish I: branchial arches." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.329.

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Jaws and branchial arches together are a basic, segmented feature of the vertebrate head. Seven arches develop in the zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio), derived largely from neural crest cells that form the cartilaginous skeleton. In this and the following paper we describe the phenotypes of 109 arch mutants, focusing here on three classes that affect the posterior pharyngeal arches, including the hyoid and five gill-bearing arches. In lockjaw, the hyoid arch is strongly reduced and subsets of branchial arches do not develop. Mutants of a large second class, designated the flathead group, lack several adjacent branchial arches and their associated cartilages. Five alleles at the flathead locus all lead to larvae that lack arches 4–6. Among 34 other flathead group members complementation tests are incomplete, but at least six unique phenotypes can be distinguished. These all delete continuous stretches of adjacent branchial arches and unpaired cartilages in the ventral midline. Many show cell death in the midbrain, from which some neural crest precursors of the arches originate. lockjaw and a few mutants in the flathead group, including pistachio, affect both jaw cartilage and pigmentation, reflecting essential functions of these genes in at least two neural crest lineages. Mutants of a third class, including boxer, dackel and pincher, affect pectoral fins and axonal trajectories in the brain, as well as the arches. Their skeletal phenotypes suggest that they disrupt cartilage morphogenesis in all arches. Our results suggest that there are sets of genes that: (1) specify neural crest cells in groups of adjacent head segments, and (2) function in common genetic pathways in a variety of tissues including the brain, pectoral fins and pigment cells as well as pharyngeal arches.

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Karlstrom, R. O., T. Trowe, S. Klostermann, H. Baier, M. Brand, A. D. Crawford, B. Grunewald, et al. "Zebrafish mutations affecting retinotectal axon pathfinding." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.427.

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We have isolated mutants in the zebrafish Danio rerio that have defects in axonal connectivity between the retina and tectum. 5-day-old fish larvae were screened by labeling retinal ganglion cells with DiI and DiO and observing their axonal projections to and on the tectum. 82 mutations, representing 13 complementation groups and 6 single allele loci, were found that have defects in retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding to the tectum. These pathfinding genes fall into five classes, based on the location of pathfinding errors between eye and tectum. In Class I mutant larvae (belladonna, detour, you-too, iguana, umleitung, blowout) axons grow directly to the ipsilateral tectal lobe after leaving the eye. Class II mutant larvae (chameleon, bashful) have ipsilaterally projecting axons and, in addition, pathfinding mistakes are seen within the eye. In Class III mutant larvae (esrom, tilsit, tofu) fewer axons than normal cross the midline, but some axons do reach the contralateral tectal lobe. Class IV mutant larvae (boxer, dackel, pinscher) have defects in axon sorting after the midline and retinal axons occasionally make further pathfinding errors upon reaching the contralateral tectal lobe. Finally, Class V mutant larvae (bashful, grumpy, sleepy, cyclops, astray) have anterior-posterior axon trajectory defects at or after the midline. The analysis of these mutants supports several conclusions about the mechanisms of retinal axon pathfinding from eye to tectum. A series of sequential cues seems to guide retinal axons to the contralateral tectal lobe. Pre-existing axon tracts seem not to be necessary to guide axons across the midline. The midline itself seems to play a central role in guiding retinal axons. Axons in nearby regions of the brain seem to use different cues to cross the ventral midline. Mutant effects are not all-or-none, as misrouted axons may reach their target, and if they do, they project normally on the tectum. The retinotectal pathfinding mutants reveal important choice points encountered by neuronal growth cones as they navigate between eye and tectum.

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15

Palmer, William. "High Officeholding, Foreign Policy, and the British Dimension in the Tudor Far North, 1525–1563." Albion 29, no. 4 (1997): 579–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051884.

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On 4 September 1537, Sir Thomas Wharton wrote Thomas Cromwell triumphantly proclaiming the Tudor triumph in the north of England. “In the late Lord Dacre's day,” Wharton declared, “there was a cry of ‘A Dacre, a Dacre,’ and afterward, ‘A Clifford, a Clifford,’ and even then, ‘A Dacre, a Dacre.’ Now [there is] only ‘A King, a King.’” In addition to proclaiming royal supremacy in the north, Wharton also was noting a pattern of persistent change in officeholding in the far north, from Dacre to Clifford, and back to the Dacres. The shifts of fortune among the northern nobility under the Tudors have received considerable attention from scholars. Most importantly, Mervyn James has argued for a gradual Tudor revolution in the north, in which the government slowly replaced traditional noble elites with royal appointees. In several case studies Richard Hoyle has challenged James's interpretation of the behavior of particular nobles, and George Bernard has mounted an often persuasive jeremiad against James and others who have seen an essential conflict during the Tudor period between Crown and nobility. Both Hoyle and Bernard question James' assumption of a natural hostility between king and nobility, arguing, in Hoyle's words, for a relationship that “operated to their mutual and reciprocal benefits.

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Dacke, Marie. "Marie Dacke." Current Biology 24, no. 12 (June 2014): R546—R547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.043.

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17

Kirchner, Robert, and Elena Nicoladis. "A Level Playing-Field: Perceptibility and Inflection in English Compounds." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 54, no. 1 (March 2009): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001055.

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AbstractTo explain why English compounds generally avoid internal inflectional suffixation (e.g., key-chain rather than keys-chain), linguists have often invoked the Level Ordering Hypothesis, that is, that particular types of morphology, in this case inflectional suffixation, are derivationally ordered after compounding. However, a broad range of counter-examples and conceptual objections to Level Ordering have emerged. We propose an alternative account, based on the observation that certain English inflectional suffixes are more perceptible than others (-ing > -s > -ed), and that these suffixes are less crucial to lexical access and recovery of meaning than corresponding root-final segments. This proposal was tested in perception and production experiments. In the perception experiment, compounds with a nonsense word as modifier (e.g., dacks van, dacked van) were auditorily presented to native English speakers, who were asked to spell what they heard. The participants omitted significantly more -ed than -s or -ing. In the production experiment, native English speakers read these compounds. The speakers dropped significantly more -ed than -s or -ing. Furthermore, they dropped more of these sounds when they were spelled as affixes than as part of the root (e.g., dacked van vs. dact van). These results suggest that English speakers’ avoidance or inclusion of inflection in compounds is based not on Level Ordering but on perceptibility, as well as the status of the consonant as an affix. We further present a formal analysis capturing these factors in terms of Steriade’s Licensing-by-Cue proposal.

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18

Apsītis, Allars, and Dace Tarasova. "Nomas jeb īres līguma piemērošana darba tiesisko attiecību reglamentēšanai jeb romiešu darbu īres līgums un romiešu darbuzņēmuma līgums." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 3, no. 9 (2017): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.09.2017.3.91-106.

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Specifisks, bet noderīgs tiesību vēstures un civiltiesību speciālistiem varētu būt Allara Apsīša un Daces Tarasovas raksts, kurā aplūkoti nomas jeb īres līguma piemērošanas aspekti darba tiesisko attiecību regulējuma kontekstā, kas ir saistīts ar romiešu tiesībām. Specific yet valuable for law history and civil law scientists may be Allars Apsītis and Dace Tarasova’s article, which discusses aspects of the lease or rental agreement in the context of regulating labour relations, which, however, is connected with the Roman law.

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19

Beers, Chris E., and Joseph M. Culp. "Plasticity in foraging behaviour of a lotic minnow (Rhinichthys cataractae) in response to different light intensities." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-014.

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Unlike most cyprinids, the longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) forages primarily at night in streams in southern Alberta. This nocturnal strategy may result from intrinsic capabilities, like dark-adapted vision, or extrinsic constraints due to biotic interactions during the day. Our objectives were to determine, in the absence of biotic interactions such as predation and competition, (i) whether this foraging habit maximized the foraging ability of the dace in terms of search time, reaction distance, and attack efficiency; and (ii) if dace foraging behaviour was sufficiently plastic to adjust to changes in light intensity. All measures of foraging ability were superior under twilight conditions. Although search times in starlight were double those in twilight, this increase was much smaller than was predicted using a hemispherical search volume model. The daces' ability to offset small nocturnal search volumes was accomplished by changing their pattern of search behaviour. In particular, use of a benthic rooting behaviour increased, and we hypothesize that this behaviour is associated with location of prey by olfaction. Although the nocturnal foraging strategy of dace does not appear to maximize net energy gain, this strategy may be a response to other constraints, such as high predation risk during diel periods with increased illumination.

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20

Milder, Ben. "Double Dactyl." Survey of Ophthalmology 39, no. 5 (March 1995): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80103-1.

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21

Kitabatake, Makoto. "SiC-DACFET." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 1 (January 2006): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2005.10.056.

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22

Duris, Pascal. "André Dacier traducteur d’Hippocrate." Dix-septième siècle 282, no. 1 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dss.191.0163.

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23

Dousset-Seiden, Christine, and Jean-Philippe Grosperrin. "Monsieur et Madame Dacier." Littératures classiques N° 72, no. 2 (2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/licla.072.0005.

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24

Geballe, Ronald. "Double dactyl follow‐up." Physics Teacher 30, no. 3 (March 1992): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343495.

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25

Bradley, David. "Join the dactyl club." Materials Today 15, no. 7-8 (July 2012): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(12)70124-4.

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26

Libersat, F., S. Zill, and F. Clarac. "Single-unit responses and reflex effects of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the dactyl of the crab." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.5.1601.

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This paper examines the responses and reflex effects of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the most distal leg segment, the dactyl, of the leg of the crab, Carcinus maenas. The goals of these studies are to establish the potential activities and functions of these receptors in posture and locomotion. The responses of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors to imposed mechanical stimuli depended upon their location on the dactyl. A distal group of receptors is located on a specialized region, the dactyl tip, which is composed solely of epicuticle. Another group of receptors is distributed throughout more proximal regions of the dactyl where the cuticle is completely calcified. Both groups of receptors showed vigorous responses to imposed bending forces. When bending forces were applied as step functions at the dactyl, tip distal receptors showed only phasic responses to all levels of force application. Receptors located at more proximal positions on the dactyl showed phasic responses to low levels of step applied forces and phasicotonic discharges at higher levels of force. Increasing levels of force produced a sigmoid increase in the tonic firing of these units. When bending forces were applied using ramp functions, receptors of the distal group responded with an intense initial discharge followed by firing at a constant rate throughout both force application and release. This response was not related to the velocity of force application. In contrast, receptors located more proximally responded directionally to force application and release. Proximal receptors also effectively encoded the velocity of force application. Responses of these two groups of receptors also differed when vibrations were applied at the dactyl tip: proximal receptors only followed vibrational stimuli up to 50 Hz, whereas distal receptors showed 1:1 responses at vibrations as high as 95 Hz. Mechanoreceptors of the dactyl also responded intensely to bending forces resulting from resisted contractions of the animal's own muscles. No responses were obtained from unresisted movements of the leg. Stimulation of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the dactyl produced intra- and interleg reflex discharges in motor neurons to leg muscles. Mechanical bending of the dactyl or electrical stimulation of dactyl nerves in which force-sensitive mechanoreceptors were recorded produced strong tonic excitation of motors neurons to the levator muscles of the same leg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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27

Kitabatake, Makoto, M. Tagome, S. Kazama, K. Yamashita, K. Hashimoto, Kunimasa Takahashi, O. Kusumoto, et al. "Normally-Off 1400V/30A 4H-SiC DACFET and its Application to DC-DC Converter." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.913.

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Large (3.6 x 3.6 mm2) chips of the SiC DACFET were fabricated and mounted in TO220 packages. The drain-source avalanche breakdown voltage without any gate bias (Vgs=0V) is measured to be >1400V. The SiC DACFET keeps the normally-off characteristics even at 150°C. Ron and specific Ron of the SiC DACFET is measured to be 62mΩ and 6.7 mΩcm2 at RT while those at 150°C change to 107 mΩ and 11.6 mΩcm2. The 400V / 3 kW DC-DC switched-mode power-conversion circuit with 100kHz switching was fabricated using the SiC DACFET and the SiC SBD. The turn-off switching loss reduces dramatically using the SiC-DACFET down to 77μJ/pulse which is less than 1/10 of that using the Si-IGBT.

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28

Grosperrin, Jean-Philippe. "Les époux Dacier : une bibliographie." Littératures classiques N° 72, no. 2 (2010): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/licla.072.0259.

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DACKIS, CHARLES A., A. L. C. POTTASH, MARK S. GOLD, and WILLIAM ANNITTO. "Dr. Dackis and Associates Reply." American Journal of Psychiatry 143, no. 1 (January 1986): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.1.120.

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30

Heiden, Joachim. "Die Archaischen Dacher von Olympia." Hesperia 59, no. 1 (January 1990): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/148123.

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31

Enache, Constantin, and Ion Pătruțoiu. "Considerations sur la limite Dacien-Romanien." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia 45, no. 2 (December 2000): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1937-8602.45.2.8.

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32

Veverka, J., P. C. Thomas, P. Helfenstein, P. Lee, A. Harch, S. Calvo, C. Chapman, et al. "Dactyl: Galileo Observations of Ida's Satellite." Icarus 120, no. 1 (March 1996): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.0045.

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33

Dacey, Philip. "Two by Philip Dacey." English Journal 85, no. 6 (October 1996): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819824.

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34

Arlow, Ruth, and Will Adam. "Re St Andrew, Dacre." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 13, no. 1 (December 13, 2010): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x10001018.

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35

Wright, Pearce. "Sir John Vivian Dacie." Lancet 365, no. 9468 (April 2005): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66362-3.

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36

Bruce, A. J. "Notes on some Indo-Pacific Pontoniinae, LIV. New Periclimenaeus species (Decapoda, Pontoniinae), from Cartier Island reef, Western Australia." Crustaceana 87, no. 1 (2014): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003272.

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Two new species of pontoniine shrimp from the reefs around Cartier Island, Western Australia, are described and illustrated. Periclimenaeus ancylodactylus is identifiable from the minor second pereiopod dactyl and P. forcipulatus by the dactyl of the third pereiopod, both with unique features. Two species of this genus are already known from nearby Ashmore Reef and five more from the rest of Western Australia.

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Searle, Eleanor. "Housed in Abbeys: The Dacres of Cumberland and Sussex: "Part I: The Early Dacres and Lanercost Priory"." Huntington Library Quarterly 57, no. 2 (April 1994): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3817755.

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38

Takahashi, Kunimasa, Osamu Kusumoto, Masao Uchida, Kenya Yamashita, and Makoto Kitabatake. "SiC Delta-Doped-Layer Structures and DACFET." Materials Science Forum 433-436 (September 2003): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.433-436.629.

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39

Miteva, Kremena. "The Artist Petar Dachev in Plamak Magazine." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 48, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for21.66tvor.

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The article has a cultural-historical character, aiming to briefly present the biography and the first steps in art of an unfamous Bulgarian artist - Peter Dachev, as 2021 marks 125 years since his birth. What is taken into consideration are the reviews for his debut solo exhibition in Sofia in 1924, which impressed the art critics of the time with its originality and modernity. Special emphasis is placed on the artist’s presence on the pages of Plamak Magazine – an issue not previously taken into account. Based on archival information, it became known and commented that Peter Dachev made an attempt at fiction writing in Geo Milev’s edition, where the artist wrote under a pen name. The study is richly illustrated, with some of the images being published for the first time.

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40

Jacques, Wesley. "Dactyl Hill Squad by Daniel José Older." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 72, no. 1 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0604.

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41

Mantas, Vasco Gil. "[Recensão a] Nicolae Branga, Urbanismul Daciei Romane." Conimbriga: Revista de Arqueologia 29 (1990): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8657_29_16.

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42

Widman, Senior Keeper W. F., and Supervisory Keeper H. M. Vorous. "HATCHING AND REARING OF KOOKABURRAS (Dacelo novaeguinae)." International Zoo Yearbook 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03413.x.

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43

Groce, Paul. "Born To Be Good, by Dacher Keltner." Journal of Positive Psychology 5, no. 5 (September 2010): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.516625.

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44

Libersat, F., F. Clarac, and S. Zill. "Force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the dactyl of the crab: single-unit responses during walking and evaluation of function." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1618–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.5.1618.

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The activities of individual force-sensitive mechanoreceptors of the dactyl (terminal leg segment) of the crab, Carcinus maenas, have been recorded during free walking. These receptors have also been mechanically and electrically stimulated in freely moving animals to directly evaluate their function in locomotion. All force-sensitive mechanoreceptors fired during the stance phase of walking and were silent during swing. Receptor discharges showed regular phase relationships to bursts in motor neurons of leg muscles. Crabs walk laterally and use the legs of one side either in trailing to actively push the animal to the opposite side, or in leading, to less forcefully pull the animal in that direction. Individual force-sensitive mechanoreceptors differed in their patterns of activity during trailing or leading according to their location on the dactyl. Units of proximal receptors fired more vigorously when used in trailing than in leading. Discharges in trailing were also increased by loading of the animal. In contrast, distal receptors near the dactyl tip fired equally intensely during walking in either direction. Proximal receptors thus encode forces and loads applied to the leg. Distal receptors do not encode loads but can signal leg contact and, potentially, exteroceptive vibrations. Sensory stimulation of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors was produced during walking by a device that imposed continuous mechanical bending of the dactyl and by electrical stimulation of dactyl nerves. Intra- and inter-segmental reflexes were evaluated by myographic recordings from leg muscles. Continuous mechanical deformation of the dactyl increased the activity of the levator and decreased firing in the depressor muscles of the homonymous leg during walking. The same stimulus produced enhanced activity in depressor muscles of adjacent legs. The latter effect was not due to simple mechanical coupling resulting from reflexes in the stimulated leg. These reflexes can function to limit forces applied to a leg and provide compensatory adjustments in other legs. Brief low-threshold electrical stimuli applied to nerves in which the activities of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors were recorded produced reflex effects similar to those obtained by mechanical stimulation. These stimuli also reset the rhythm of motor neuron bursting in both homonymous and adjacent legs during walking. These studies confirm the importance of force-sensitive mechanoreceptors in adapting walking patterns and in determining leg coordination in locomotion.

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45

Smith. "Interview with Director James Dacre." Arthur Miller Journal 11, no. 1 (2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/arthmillj.11.1.0037.

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46

Winston, Brian. "In defence of Paul Dacre." British Journalism Review 24, no. 4 (November 25, 2013): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956474813515385.

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47

Bjerrum, Ole Weis. "Dacie & Lewis: Practical Haematology." European Journal of Haematology 77, no. 4 (October 2006): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2006.00717.x.

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48

Haining, Robert P., and John C. Hudson. "Michael Francis Dacey: A Tribute." Geographical Analysis 41, no. 4 (October 2009): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2009.00761.x.

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49

Chen, Zhikun, Daofeng Li, Jinkang Zhu, and Sihai Zhang. "DACFL: Dynamic Average Consensus-Based Federated Learning in Decentralized Sensors Network." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093317.

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Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving way to utilize the sensitive data generated by smart sensors of user devices, where a central parameter server (PS) coordinates multiple user devices to train a global model. However, relying on centralized topology poses challenges when applying FL in a sensors network, including imbalanced communication congestion and possible single point of failure, especially on the PS. To alleviate these problems, we devise a Dynamic Average Consensus-based Federated Learning (DACFL) for implementing FL in a decentralized sensors network. Different from existing studies that replace the model aggregation roughly with neighbors’ average, we first transform the FL model aggregation, which is the most intractable in a decentralized topology, into the dynamic average consensus problem by treating a local training procedure as a discrete-time series.We then employ the first-order dynamic average consensus (FODAC) to estimate the average model, which not only solves the model aggregation for DACFL but also ensures model consistency as much as possible. To improve the performance with non-i.i.d data, each user also takes the neighbors’ average model as its next-round initialization, which prevents the possible local over-fitting. Besides, we also provide a basic theoretical analysis of DACFL on the premise of i.i.d data. The result validates the feasibility of DACFL in both time-invariant and time-varying topologies and declares that DACFL outperforms existing studies, including CDSGD and D-PSGD, in most cases. Take the result on Fashion-MNIST as a numerical example, with i.i.d data, our DACFL achieves 19∼34% and 3∼10% increases in average accuracy; with non-i.i.d data, our DACFL achieves 30∼50% and 0∼10% increases in average accuracy, compared to CDSGD and D-PSGD.

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50

Gemeinhardt, A., J. Thielebein, H. Fuhrmann, and C. Köhler. "Geschlechtsbestimmung beim Lachenden Hans (Dacelo gigas) mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 34, no. 01 (2006): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1622510.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals eine Methode zur Geschlechtsbestimmung mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) beim Lachenden Hans (Dacelo gigas) vorgestellt. Material und Methoden: Es wurden Federkiele und Blut von sieben Vögeln untersucht, wovon zwei Tiere bekannten Geschlechts als Kontrolle dienten. Die Aufbereitung der Proben erfolgte durch alkalische Extraktion mit NaOH. Daraufhin wurde der DNA-Gehalt im Überstand mittels UV-Spektroskopie gemessen und die gewonnene DNA in einer PCR nach einer Methode von Fridolfsson und Ellegren (1999) eingesetzt. Die dort beschriebenen Primer bilden die Voraussetzung für die Vervielfältigung eines für Geschlechtschromosomen spezifischen Genabschnitts, einem Teil des aviären CHD-1-Gens (Chromo-Helicase-DNA-Bindungsprotein). Basis für die Unterscheidung stellen Sequenzunterschiede zwischen dem CHD-1W-und dem CHD-1Z-Gen dar. Die für W-und Z-Chromosom unterschiedlich langen Amplifikate des CHD-1-Gens wurden gelelektrophoretisch aufgetrennt, mit Ethidiumbromid angefärbt und mittels UV-Licht sichtbar gemacht. Ergebnisse: Das Geschlecht aller sieben untersuchten Tiere konnte erstmals auf molekularer Ebene sicher bestimmt werden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Mit dieser Methode besteht nun auch für den Lachenden Hans die Möglichkeit einer schonenden Geschlechtsbestimmung zum Zwecke einer erfolgreichen Zucht und artgerechten Haltung.

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