Academic literature on the topic 'Da Tang kai yuan li'

The article is a survey of the Russian translation of “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” in four volumes published since 1997 to 2019. The introduction of this legal monument to the Russian scientific society is of great importance as it substantially expands contemporary idea on Chinese traditional legal system and meets a lack in the history of law ofChinain 14th–17th cc.To survey the legal monument there special legal scientific methods were used. Historical legal approach allowed to trace the creation and acting of this codification in the specific historical circumstances, value its urgency for the epoch of Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Comparative legal method gave an opportunity to compare this legal monument with other codifications of traditional Chinese law since the ancient times to the legislation of Qing, last dynasty of the imperialChina(1644–1911). Formal legal approach provided the analysis of the legal technique of the document, specific features of its structure and content, characteristic of legal terminology, etc.The analysis allowed to appreciate the “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” at its high value as a source on history, state and law of medievalChina. It had similarities and differences with other sources of traditional Chinese law. Besides, it is of great importance for the further development of legislation of imperialChina.The codification is an important document on statehood and law of the Ming China as it contains valuable information on power system and competence of authorities, basic fields of legal relations in the medieval Chinese society. Its structure is traditional (based on the example of codification of Tang dynasty, 618–907), at the same time it has larger volume and regulates new fields of legal relations, takes into account changes in the internal and externaln status ofChinaafter the expelling the Mongolian Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) and foundation of “national” Ming dynasty. Some principles of domestic and foreign policy of Qing dynasty were legally fixed during the epoch of Ming.The analyzed legal monument is of great interest for researchers of the history ofChina, its state and law. In fact, each chapter as well as specific articles and supplement statements could be a subject of investigation. “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” also could be used by lecturers of history of state and law and for students who study this discipline.

В данной работе продемонстрирована возможность применения ИК-микроспектроскопии для многомерной визуализации и анализа интеграции с нативными твердыми тканями зуба человека нового поколения биомиметических материалов, воспроизводящих минералорганический комплекс эмали и дентина.На основе ИК-картирования интенсивности конкретной функциональной молекулярной группы с использованием синхротронного излучения найдены и визуализированы характеристические особенности биомиметического переходного слоя в межфазной области эмаль/стоматологический материал и определено расположение функциональных групп, отвечающих процессам интеграции биомиметического композита REFERENCES Rohr N., Fischer J. Tooth surface treatment strategies for adhesive cementation // The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, 2017, v. 9(2), pp. 85–92. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2017.9.2.85 Pereira C. N. de B., Daleprane B., Miranda G. L. P. de, Magalhães C. S. de, Moreira A. N. Ultramorphology of pre-treated adhesive interfaces between self-adhesive resin cement and tooth structures // Revista de Odontologia da UNESP, 2017, v. 46(5), pp. 249–254. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.04917 Temel U. B., Van Ende A., Van Meerbeek B., Ermis R. B. Bond strength and cement-tooth interfacial characterization of self-adhesive composite cements //American Journal of Dentistry, 2017, v. 30(4), pp. 205–211. Watson T. F., Atmeh A. R., Sajini S., Cook R. J., Festy F. Present and future of glass-ionomers and calcium-silicate cements as bioactive materials in dentistry: Biophotonics-based interfacial analyses in health and disease // Dental Materials, 2014, v. 30(1), pp. 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.08.202 Pontes D. G., Araujo C. T. P., Prieto L. T., de Oliveira D. C. R. S., Coppini E. K., Dias C. T. S., Paulillo L. A. M. S. 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Biomimetic remineralization of dentin // Dental Materials, 2014, v. 30(1), pp. 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.013 Cao C., Mei, Li Q., Lo E., Chu C. Methods for Biomimetic Mineralisation of Human Enamel: A Systematic Review // Materials, 2015, v. 8(6), pp. 2873–2886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8062873 Chen L., Yuan H., Tang B., Liang K., Li J. Biomimetic remineralization of human enamel in the presence of polyamidoamine dendrimers in vitro // Caries Research, 2015, v. 49(3), pp. 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1159/000375376 Seredin P. V., Goloshchapov D. L., Gushchin M. S., Ippolitov Y. A., Prutskij T. The importance of the biomimetic composites components for recreating the optical properties and molecular composition of intact dental tissues. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017, v. 917(4), pp. 042019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/917/4/042019 Xia Z. Biomimetic Principles and Design of Advanced Engineering Materials. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, 321 p. 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Oriented and Ordered Biomimetic Remineralization of the Surface of Demineralized Dental Enamel Using HAP@ ACP Nanoparticles Guided by Glycine // Scientifi c Reports, 2017, v. 7(1), рр. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40701 Wu X., Zhao X., Li Y., Yang T., Yan X., Wang K. In situ synthesis carbonated hydroxyapatite layers on enamel slices with acidic amino acids by a novel twostep method // Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications, 2015, v. 54, pp. 150–157. httsp://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.006 Aljabo A., Abou Neel E. A., Knowles J. C., Young A. M. Development of dental composites with reactive fi llers that promote precipitation of antibacterial-hydroxyapatite layers // Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016, v. 60, pp. 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.047 Wang P., Liu P., Peng H., Luo X., Yuan H., Zhang J., Yan Y. Biocompatibility evaluation of dicalcium phosphate/calcium sulfate/poly (amino acid) composite for orthopedic tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo // Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition, 2016, v. 27(11), pp. 1170–1186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2016.1184123 Lübke A., Enax J., Wey K., Fabritius H.-O., Raabe D., Epple M. Composites of fl uoroapatite and methylmethacrylate-based polymers (PMMA) for biomimetic tooth replacement // Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 2016, v. 11(3), pp. 035001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/11/3/035001 Sa Y., Gao Y., Wang M., Wang T., Feng X., Wang Z., Wang Y., Jiang T. Bioactive calcium phosphate cement with excellent injectability, mineralization capacity and drug-delivery properties for dental bio- mimetic reconstruction and minimum intervention therapy. RSC Advances, 2016, v. 6(33), pp. 27349–27359. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA02488B Adachi T., Pezzotti G., Yamamoto T., Ichioka H., Boffelli M., Zhu W., Kanamura N. 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Infrared Spectroscopic Identifi cation of Chosen Dental Materials and Natural Teeth // Acta Physica Polonica A, 2008, v. 114(2), pp. 471–484. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.114.471 Vongsvivut J., Perez-Guaita D., Wood B. R., Heraud P., Khambatta K., Hartnell D., Hackett M. J., Tobin M. J. Synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy for high-resolution chemical mapping of single cells // The Analyst, 2019, v. 144(10), pp. 3226–3238. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8an01543k Seredin P., Goloshchapov D., Ippolitov Y., Vongsvivut P. Pathology-specifi c molecular profi les of saliva in patients with multiple dental caries—potential application for predictive, preventive and personalised medical services // EPMA Journal, 2018, v. 9(2), pp. 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-018-0135-9 Dusevich V., Xu C., Wang Y., Walker M. P., Gorski J. P. Identifi cation of a protein-containing enamel matrix layer which bridges with the dentine–enamel junction of adult human teeth // Archives of Oral Biology, 2012, v. 57(12), pp. 1585–1594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.014 Seredin P. V., Kashkarov V. M., Lukin A. N., Goloshchapov D. L., Ippolitov Y. A. Research Hydroxyapatite Crystals and Organic Components of Hard Tooth Tissues Affected by Dental Caries Using Ftir-Microspectroscopy and Xrd-Microdiffraction // Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2013, v. 15(3), с. 224–231. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_15_3_2013_002.pdf Fattibene P., Carosi A., Coste V. D., Sacchetti A., Nucara A., Postorino P., Dore P. A comparative EPR, infrared and Raman study of natural and deproteinated tooth enamel and dentin // Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2005, v. 50(6), pp. 1095. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/6/004 Seredin P., Goloshchapov D., Kashkarov V., Ippolitov Y., Bambery K. 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Two Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) successions, Lung Cam in Vietnam, and Lukač in Slovenia, have been sampled for high-resolution magnetic susceptibility, stable isotope and elemental chemistry, and biostratigraphic analyses. These successions are located on the eastern (Lung Cam section) and western margins (Lukač section) of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during PTB time. Lung Cam, lying along the eastern margin of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean provides an excellent proxy for correlation back to the GSSP and out to other Paleo-Tethyan successions. This proxy is tested herein by correlating the Lung Cam section in Vietnam to the Lukač section in Slovenia, which was deposited along the western margin of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the PTB interval. It is shown herein that both the Lung Cam and Lukač sections can be correlated and exhibit similar characteristics through the PTB interval. Using time-series analysis of magnetic susceptibility data, high-resolution ages are obtained for both successions, thus allowing relative ages, relative to the PTB age at ~252 Ma, to be assigned. Evaluation of climate variability along the western and eastern margins of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean through the PTB interval, using d18O values indicates generally cooler climate in the west, below the PTB, changing to generally warmer climates above the boundary. A unique Black Carbon layer (elemental carbon present by agglutinated foraminifers in their test) below the boundary exhibits colder temperatures in the eastern and warmer temperatures in the western Paleo-Tethys Ocean.ReferencesBalsam W., Arimoto R., Ji J., Shen Z, 2007. Aeolian dust in sediment: a re-examination of methods for identification and dispersal assessed by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. International Journal of Environment and Health, 1, 374-402.Balsam W.L., Otto-Bliesner B.L., Deaton B.C., 1995. 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Introdução: O padrão ouro atual para detectar o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 é por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real de transcrição reversa (RT-rtPCR) em swabs nasofaríngeos (NPS). Por esse motivo, a demanda pelos NPS aumentou e sua escassez se tornou uma realidade em muitos países. Com isso o uso da saliva se mostra uma alternativa promissora na triagem epidemiológica além de ser de fácil coleta e não invasiva. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar o uso da saliva como um espécime alternativo para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: A pesquisa sistemática foi realizada em sete bancos de dados (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar) usando a variação dos termos de pesquisa (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV) AND "Saliva" no ano de 2020, recuperando 5480 publicações. Resultados: Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 411 textos foram conduzidos para leitura integral e 30 publicações foram consideradas para avaliação qualitativa do artigo. Conclusão: A saliva se apresenta um método alternativo eficaz para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2 e diagnóstico de COVID-19.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Betacoronavirus; Saliva; Diagnóstico.ReferênciasHuang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.Wang L, Wang Y, Ye D, Liu Q. A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. J Antimicrob Agents 2020;105948.Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V. 2020. 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Object segmentation is an important task which is widely employed in many computer vision applications such as object detection, tracking, recognition, and retrieval. It can be seen as a two-phase process: object detection and segmentation. Object segmentation becomes more challenging in case there is no prior knowledge about the object in the scene. In such conditions, visual attention analysis via saliency mapping may offer a mean to predict the object location by using visual contrast, local or global, to identify regions that draw strong attention in the image. However, in such situations as clutter background, highly varied object surface, or shadow, regular and salient object segmentation approaches based on a single image feature such as color or brightness have shown to be insufficient for the task. This work proposes a new salient object segmentation method which uses a depth map obtained from the input image for enhancing the accuracy of saliency mapping. 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