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Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

van Blerk, Lorraine, and Nicola Ansell. "Children's Experiences of Migration: Moving in the Wake of AIDS in Southern Africa." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 24, no. 3 (June 2006): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d65j.

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2

Powell, Ian. "Quartz–halogen D65 simulation." Applied Optics 34, no. 34 (December 1, 1995): 7925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.007925.

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3

Shen, Li-Siang, Hsing-Yu Wu, Li-Jen Hsiao, Chih-Hsuan Shih, and Jin-Cherng Hsu. "LED Light Improved by an Optical Filter to Visible Solar-Like Light with High Color Rendering." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070763.

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In this study, a new, cost-effective, rapid, and easy method to produce a sunlight-like D65 light source from a typical white light-emitting diode (LED) is discussed. The novelty of this method is that the emission spectrum of a typical white LED is measured first, then the reverse spectrum is used to design and fabricate a double-sided multilayer coating filter to set in front of the typical white LED. This can be verified experimentally to improve the color-rendering index of the white LED to 95.8 at the D65 color temperature. The optical thicknesses of the multilayer film are designed at a quarter wavelength. The layer-thickness errors during the deposition process are reduced due to easy monitoring with the turning-point method. By lowering both the cost and level of technology required to produce D65 light sources, in addition to the most direct consequences of increased D65 availability and affordability, the cost and level of technology required for research that heavily utilizes D65 light sources can also be lowered in turn, especially in the fields of clinical science, medicine, and related industries.

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4

Wang, Huan, Ying Guo, and Ye Zhang. "Difference Analysis of Different Standard Illuminants on Yellow-Green to Green Jadeite-Jade." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.374.

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Under A, CWF, D55, D65, D75 five different illuminants, color differences of 53 natural oval Jadeite-jade with fine texture are analyzed, which color is yellow-green to dark green. All 5 tested lighting sources were compared based on the uniform color space CIE 1976L*a*b*. Jadeite-jade’s lightness L* is increasing when color temperatures of five different standard illuminants increase, and it can reach the very top of 45.72 under D75, so it appears brighter and lighter than any other illuminants and it influences the appraisal of the samples’ color. The spectrum power distribution of D75, D65 and D55 reveal the strong radiant energy in the range from 500 to 570nm, so consequently the color coordinates a*, b* and chroma C* is higher than the other two illuminants. But samples’ lightness and chroma under D55 are weaker compared to D65 and the color under D55 is dark. Meanwhile, D65 stands for the average daylight and color under D65 close to the true color of samples. Because of weakest radiant energy in the range from 500 to 540nm (green area) and strongest radiant energy in the range from 540 to 570nm (orange area) in CWF’s spectrum power distribution, the absolute value of a*=14.01 is lowest and b*=12.93 is highest under CWF, so samples’ color under CWF is green with a yellow tint. The maximum hue angle h0 is 150.42 under A, and the absolute value of a* is higher than that under CWF, so it shows stronger green tone than CWF. It is concluded that D65 is preferred to be ideal illuminants for the evaluation of jadeite-jade color green especially compared with other 4 illuminants.

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5

Powell, Ian. "D65 simulation with a xenon arc." Applied Optics 35, no. 34 (December 1, 1996): 6708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.35.006708.

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6

Bonev, Boyan B., and Michael R. Morrow. "2H NMR studies of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayers at high pressure." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-116.

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Wideline deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance was used to investigate the phase behaviour of bi layer dispersions of chain-perdeuterated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC-d62) and DPPC-d62 containing 28.5 mol% cholesterol for temperatures between 0°C and 90°C and pressures from ambient to 270 MPa. Spectra were obtained over a range of temperature at ambient pressure, 100 MPa, and 210 MPa and over a range of pressure at fixed temperatures of 0°C and 45°C (40°C for the sample containing cholesterol). The combination of complementary isobaric and isothermal scans produced observations that suggest two possible refinements to previously reported DPPC-d62 pressure-temperature phase diagrams. In contrast to DPPC-d62, which displays at least three transitions as temperature is lowered from 90°C to 0°C at a fixed pressure of 210 MPa, the sample containing 28.5 mol% cholesterol displayed a continuous change from fluid to ordered over a wide temperature range for 210 MPa and below. These observations suggest that pressure does not induce any substantial repositioning of cholesterol in the bi layer over the range of conditions studied and that cholesterol reduces the sensitivity of bilayer properties to pressure.Key words: deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance, model membrane, high pressure, cholesterol, phase transition.

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7

Li, Xiang, and Ying Guo. "Influence of Light Source and Cathodoluminescence on the Color Parameters of Ruby Red." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.379.

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According to different light sources and cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity, the performance of color parameters (lightness L*, chromaticity a* and b*, chroma C*, hue angle ho) and chromophore contents (Cr3+, åFe) are studied to analyze the impact of all these elements on ruby red color. Ruby red under the standard light source D65 (a*=5.65 ~ 26.97, b*= -5.43~3.98) is similar with the color under natural sun-light. Purplish red ho Î (354.14°, 0.7°) with medium-low lightness (L*= 32 ~ 40) under D65 displays the best visual appearance, showing a relatively high value. Comparing with D65, standard light source A reveals ruby a deep red hue (a*= 10.61 ~ 37.39, b*= -6.59 ~ 7.50). Because of the strongest spectrum power distribution in the orange range and fluorescence of light source U30, the hue of orangish tone is mixed in ruby red (a*= 6.92 ~ 31.23, b*= 0.31 ~ 9.34). It is illustrated that åFe can inhibit the intensity of CL which is compared in different voltages. Low lightness purplish red is easy to be influenced by CL and always shows strong luminescence correspondingly. It is concluded that ruby purplish red has strong luminescence of CL which is usually supported by a few of åFe and medium-low lightness under D65, which has an excellent visual perception.

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8

Yuan, Bin, Ying Guo, Jingwen Chen, and Ziyuan Liu. "Study of Natural and Synthetic Yellow–Orange Sapphires Based on the CIE 1976 L*a*b* Uniform Colour Space." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4357.

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The natural and synthetic yellow–orange sapphires are researched in a new angle of gemstone chromaticity. The relationship between spectrum and composition and colour was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) testing. The results show that synthetic yellow–orange sapphires for this article are co-coloured by nickel and chromium, and differ from natural yellow–orange sapphires. The lightness L* of synthetic sapphires is mainly influenced by the chromium, and the hue angle h° is influenced by nickel and chromium, in addition to the ratio of chromium to nickel content. In the UV-Visible spectroscopy, the hue angle of natural sapphire is influenced by the wavelength that corresponds to the trough in the blue–violet area, while the absorption band at 555 nm in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of synthetic sapphire influences the hue angle. The lightness of the sapphire is higher under A than under D65; the chroma decreases with the change of light source from D65 to A for the yellow sapphire and increases for the rest; the hue angle is generally higher under D65 than under A, and as the red hue continues to increase, the hue angle is higher under A than under D65.

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9

Darma, Ashgo, Azwardi Azwardi, and Minto Rahayu. "Analisa Kerusakan Damper pada Bulldozer D65E-12 di PT XYZ." Prosiding Sains Nasional dan Teknologi 12, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36499/psnst.v12i1.7139.

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10

Rocha, RS, VG de Carvalho, MNC Galvão, MY de Souza, TMF Caneppele, and E. Bresciani. "Perceptibility and Acceptability of Surface Gloss Variation Under Different Illuminants." Operative Dentistry 46, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): E98—E104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/20-011-c.

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SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different illuminants on the perceptibility and acceptability of surface gloss variations and to determine limiting values. Methods: Eight composite resin specimens and one human tooth specimen were polished to obtain composite resin specimens with different gloss units (GU) of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 and a human tooth specimen of 80 GU. Sixty observers compared the surface gloss of the specimens in a light booth. For perceptibility testing, the specimens were randomly positioned two at a time. The acceptability of the gloss variation was determined by comparing the composite resin specimens with the tooth specimen. The observers answered specific questions to determine the level and perceptibility and acceptability limits of gloss variations. All analysis was done with two illuminants (D65 and fluorescent light) used randomly. Data were submitted to a nonlinear probit model and nonlinear probit regression estimation (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences in illuminants were observed for perceptibility (p<0.001) and acceptability (p=0.045). The perceptibility limit for D65 was 7.0 GU and 6.8 GU for fluorescent illuminant. The acceptability limit for D65 was 34.2 GU and 37.1 GU for fluorescent illuminant. Conclusions: More accurate perceptibility and acceptability judgments of the surface gloss of composite resin were made when the specimens were illuminated with D65 light.

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11

Wordsworth, Saul. "New Vision." Industrial Vehicle Technology International 29, no. 3 (September 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1471-115x(23)70555-2.

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WITH GREATER ALL-ROUND VISIBILITY FOR THE OPERATOR, A NEW UNDERCARRIAGE DESIGN, MORE POWER, GREATER FUEL EFFICIENCY AND A WHOLE HOST OF OPERATOR ASSISTANCE FUNCTIONS, IT'S CLEAR TO SEE THAT THE CAT D4 DOZER HAS A LOT MORE OVER ITS D6K2 PREDECESSOR THAN A NEW NAME

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12

ตู้จินดา, ภูวดี. "การผลิตกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานสำหรับสอบเทียบเครื่องวัดความขาวสว่างของกระดาษชนิด Fluorescence." วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์ประยุกต์ กรมวิทยาศาสตร์บริการ 1, no. 1 (October 7, 2022): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.60136/bas.v1.2012.180.

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ค่าความขาวสว่าง (Brightness) มีความสำคัญต่ออุตสาหกรรมเยื่อและกระดาษเป็นอย่างมากเพราะเป็นค่าที่ใช้อ้างอิงในกระบวนการฟอกเยื่อและเป็นสิ่งที่มองเห็นได้ด้วยสายตา เครื่องวัดความขาวสว่างของกระดาษมีความจำเป็นจะต้องได้รับการสอบเทียบให้ถูกต้องแม่นยำอยู่เสมอ โดยใช้กระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานสำหรับสอบเทียบเครื่องวัดความขาวสว่างของกระดาษ ซึ่งหนึ่งชุดประกอบด้วยกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐาน 4 ชนิดคือ Fluorescence, ความขาวสว่าง 90, 70 และ 60 เพื่อให้สามารถสอบเทียบได้ครอบคลุมทุก Parameter บทความนี้กล่าวถึงการผลิตกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานชนิด Fluorescence ซึ่งใช้วิธีการผลิตตามข้อกำหนดของ ISO TC 6 (Paper, board and pulps) และ Optical Properties Authorized Laboratories (OPALs) ซึ่งเป็นห้องปฏิบัติการมาตรฐานที่ได้รับการรับรองจาก ISO TC6 กระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานชนิด Fluorescence ที่ผลิตได้นั้นถูกส่งไปตรวจสอบคุณภาพกับ Technidyne Laboratory Services (TLS) ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งใน OPALs ตั้งแต่เดือนตุลาคม 2552 เป็นประจำทุกเดือนจนถึงปัจจุบัน ด้วยการเปรียบเทียบค่า 2 ค่าคือ ค่าความขาวสว่าง (C brightness) และค่าความขาว (D65 Whiteness) ตลอดระยะเวลาที่ทาง Technidyne Laboratory Services ตรวจสอบคุณภาพของกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานชนิด Fluorescence ที่กรมวิทยาศาสตร์บริการผลิตได้นั้น พบว่า คุณภาพโดยเฉลี่ยของกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานอยู่ในเกณฑ์ที่ยอมรับได้ คือ ทาง Technidyne Laboratory Services วัดค่าความขาวสว่าง (C brightness) ของกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานที่ส่งไปไม่แตกต่างเกิน 0.15 โดยเฉลี่ยและค่าความขาว (D65 Whiteness) ไม่แตกต่างเกิน 0.3 โดยเฉลี่ย นอกจากนั้นกระดาษอ้างอิงมาตรฐานชนิด Fluorescence ที่ผลิตได้นั้นยังถูกส่งให้ห้องปฏิบัติการของอุตสาหกรรมเยื่อและกระดาษในประเทศไทยจำนวน 13 แห่ง ทดลองใช้ตั้งแต่เดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2553 เป็นประจำทุกเดือนด้วย

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13

Zhao, Jia Hui, Da Peng Chen, Ying Guo, and Shuang Wang. "The Difference of Jadeite-Jade Lavender under Three Light Sources." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.493.

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Compare the different appearance of jadeite-jade with three standard light sources, daylight D65,incandescent light A and fluorescent light F2(CWF),whose colors are purple to bluish violet with low chroma and low lightness in. The analysis of color index in the CIE 1976L* a* b uniform color space shows that the hue of lavender is influence by the light of standard light sources, followed by chroma, simultaneously value is seldom influenced obviously. And the color saturation of purple jade samples with CWF is usually higher, showing more vivid purple. However, D65 is benefit to the lightness of the purple jade, in which the average of color differences is known as the largest while the variance is the smallest. As D65 can be used to distinguish the purple color of jade samples most greatly, it is intended to be the best light source for appreciation of jadeite-jade. In consideration of the better quality of the purple color displayed with the CWF, it can be used during business transaction process.

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14

Davis, James H., Jesse James Clair, and Janos Juhasz. "Phase Equilibria in DOPC/DPPC-d62/Cholesterol Mixtures." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 2 (January 2009): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.09.042.

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15

Bitencourt, Gislayne de Araujo, Lucimara Chiari, Valdemir Antônio Laura, Cacilda Borges do Valle, Liana Jank, and José Roberto Moro. "Aluminum tolerance on genotypes of signal grass." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 2 (February 2011): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000200003.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate aluminum tolerance of five genotypes of Urochloa decumbens (D24, CD24-2, CD24-27, CD24-45 e D62) and five genotypes of Urochloa ruziziensis (R30, R44, R46, R50 and R125) in hydroponic system. Uniform tillers were collected from these genotypes and transferred to two solutions: solution 1 (200 μM CaCl2, pH 4.2) and solution 2 (200 μM CaCl2 + 200 μM AlCl3, pH 4.2). Twenty-one days later, the roots of the plants were separated, stained and digitalized for analysis of the length and diameter of the main root. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial (genotypes × doses) with three replications. A significant interaction occurred between genotype and dose for length and width of the main root, and the results presented in average, a significant difference for most genotypes. The means of main root length in the absence and presence of aluminum were not significant for D62 (U. decumbens cv. Basilisk), CD24-45 and R46. Means were not significant for the diameter of the main root for CD24-2, CD24-27 and D62. Genotype D62 was the only one classified as tolerant to aluminum and R50 the only one classified as sensitive. Most evaluated genotypes showed medium to low tolerance. This classification was based on confidence intervals (IC 99%) for the mean of the relative tolerance indices estimated for length and diameter of the main root. These results can be used in the choice of progenitors aiming at developing segregating populations for studies of inheritance and mapping of genes and/or loci related to aluminum tolerance in Urochloa.

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Deng, Shidie, and Ying Guo. "Investigation of Factors Affecting the Color of Serpentine Jade from Shandong, China." Crystals 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030431.

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The color of serpentine jade is affected not only by the chemical composition, but also by some external factors. In this research, we quantitatively analyzed the color of serpentine jade and the influence of light sources, backgrounds, and thickness on its color. Thirty-six gem-quality serpentine jade samples from Tai’an, Shandong, China, were studied using eighteen Munsell neutral gray backgrounds, and three light sources (D65, F2, and A). It was found that the D65 light source appeared to be the most suitable for the display and sale of serpentine jade and the Munsell N9 background can make the color grading of serpentine jade more effective.

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17

Lee, Gyeong Sun, Chang Jin Kim, Yong Gwon Kim, and Eun Jung Choi. "Color Perception under Standard Illuminants D65, TL84, and A with Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test." Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.1.51.

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18

Pinto, P. D., P. E. R. Felgueiras, J. M. M. Linhares, and S. M. C. Nascimento. "Chromatic effects of metamers of D65 on art paintings." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 30, no. 5 (August 25, 2010): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00726.x.

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19

SZLACHTA, KINGA, SUSANNE E. KELLER, ARLETTE SHAZER, and STUART CHIRTEL. "Thermal Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Ultrafiltered Milk as Related to the Effect of Different Milk Components." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 2110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.11.2110.

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Pasteurization parameters for grade A milk are well established and set by regulation. However, as solids levels increase, an increased amount of heat is required to destroy any pathogens present. This effect is not well characterized. In this work, the effect of increased dairy solids levels on the thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes was examined through the use of ultrafiltered (UF) milk, reconstituted milk powder, and the milk components lactose and caseinate. From the results obtained, lactose and caseinate did not appear to affect thermal resistance. In addition, the level of milk fat, up to 10% of the total solids in UF whole milk, did not result in statistically significant changes to thermal resistance when compared with UF skim milk. Reconstituted skim milk powder at 27% total solids (D62-value = 1.16 ± 0.2 [SD] min, z = 5.7) did result in increased thermal resistance, as compared with reconstituted skim milk powder at 17.5% (D62-value = 0.86 ± 0.02 min, z = 5.57) and UF whole milk at 27% total solids (D62-value = 0.66 ± 0.07 min, z = 5.16). However, that increase appeared to be due to the increase in salt levels, not to increases in caseinate, fat, or lactose. Consequently, total solids, as a single measure, could not be used to predict increased thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes in concentrated milk.

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Martínez-Domingo, Miguel Ángel, Manuel Melgosa, Katsunori Okajima, Víctor Jesús Medina, and Francisco José Collado-Montero. "Spectral Image Processing for Museum Lighting Using CIE LED Illuminants." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 5400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245400.

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This work presents a spectral color-imaging procedure for the detailed colorimetric study of real artworks under arbitrary illuminants. The results demonstrate this approach to be a powerful tool for art and heritage professionals when deciding which illumination to use in museums, or which conservation or restoration techniques best maintain the color appearance of the original piece under any illuminant. Spectral imaging technology overcomes the limitations of common area-based point-measurement devices such as spectrophotometers, allowing a local study either pixelwise or by selected areas. To our knowledge, this is the first study available that uses the proposed CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage) light-emitting diode (LED) illuminants in the context of art and heritage science, comparing them with the three main CIE illuminants A, D50, and D65. For this, the corresponding colors under D65 have been calculated using a chromatic adaptation transform analogous to the one in CIECAM02. For the sample studied, the CIE LED illuminants with the lowest average CIEDE2000 color differences from the standard CIE illuminants are LED-V1 for A and LED-V2 for D50 and D65, with 1.23, 1.07, and 1.57 units, respectively. The work studied is a Moorish epigraphic frieze of plasterwork with a tiled skirting from the Nasrid period (12th–15th centuries) exhibited in the Museum of the Alhambra (Granada, Spain).

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Bicho, Natalina Cavaco, António Eduardo Leitão, José Cochicho Ramalho, and Fernando Cebola Lidon. "Use of colour parameters for roasted coffee assessment." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (June 19, 2012): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000068.

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Fast and non-destructive indicators were evaluated as tools to measure the technological quality of Arabica and Robusta coffee. Accordingly, considering the roasting intensity in highly valuable commercial samples, volume, mass, apparent density, moisture, total ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid, and ether extract were characterized. The chromatic parameters L*, C*, Hº were measured using illuminants D65 and C. It was found that in roasted coffee beans, the parameters L*, C*, Hº, and coordinate b* had an antagonist interaction due to an increase in the roasting intensity, whereas after milling, only L* and Hº decreased progressively. Considering that the parameters L* and Hº followed similar patterns using both illuminants, D65 and C, it can be concluded that they are appropriate to evaluate coffee colour changes during roasting, enabling a relationship with coffee quality.

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Shen, Jian Kang. "Based on the Different Specifications of Jacking Construction of Continuous Girder Bridge Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 2017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.2017.

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The purpose of this paper is aimed at according to the "highway reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge and culvert design specifications (JTG D62-2004) and (JTJ 023-85) design of jacking construction of continuous girder bridge for reliability analysis. By establishing a finite element model of construction stage and into a bridge stage respectively the reliability index of the typical cross section is analyzed. Aiming at construction stage, by choosing typical cross section of reliability analysis, draw a cross section of reliability index with the change of construction stage. Calculation results show that, according to JTG D62-2004 specification of reliability index calculation results than based on results of calculating the JTJ 023-85 specification. In this paper, the analysis results can provide reference for pushing the construction of the continuous girder bridge design.

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23

Belička, Michal, Yuri Gerelli, Norbert Kučerka, and Giovanna Fragneto. "The component group structure of DPPC bilayers obtained by specular neutron reflectometry." Soft Matter 11, no. 31 (2015): 6275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00274e.

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Specular neutron reflectometry was measured on a floating bilayer system consisting of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-d62-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine deposited over a 1,2-dibehenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer at 25 and 55 °C.

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24

Leow, M. E. L., W. K. M. Ng, B. P. Pereira, A. K. Kour, and R. W. H. Pro. "Metamerism in aesthetic prostheses under three standard illuminants — TL84, D65 and F." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 23, no. 2 (August 1999): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649909071630.

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This study looks at the effect of metamerism in colour-matching and the assessment of multi-layered silicone rubber finger prostheses. The aim was to identify the choice of illuminants for colour matching the prostheses that would give rise to the least metameric effect between the prostheses and the human skin or the best colour match. The prostheses were prepared and colour matched to a fair-skinned subject under 3 reference illuminants — TL84, D65, F and a combination of illuminants — TL84, D65 and F. The prostheses were then measured for colour using a spectrophotometer based on the CIE indices L∗ a∗, b∗ with each prosthesis assessed separately against the subject's index finger under the reference illuminants-TL84, D65 and F. The prostheses were also assessed by a panel of 50 observers and scored according to colour-match. Colour differences between the skin and prosthesis were measured in the illuminant under which the prostheses were prepared and then under the other reference illuminants. A relationship was obtained between the measured mean colour difference, δE∗, and the mean visual assessment score for each prosthesis. This paper points out the concerns related to the optical phenomenon of metamerism with the colour pigments used. This can affect the colour match of the prosthesis as perceived by the patient. The findings seem to suggest that this metameric colour difference can be minimised if the prosthesis is matched under a combination of lights, which were found to give the best-perceived match.

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Pan, Xin, Ying Guo, Ziyuan Liu, Zikai Zhang, and Yuxiang Shi. "Impact of different standard lighting sources on red jadeite and color quality grading." Earth Sciences Research Journal 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n4.84113.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the standard light source for grading and displaying the color of red jadeite and to classify the color. With Raman spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the results show that, the Fe 3+ is the main chromogenic mineral of red jadeite, which negatively correlates with the tonal angle, while the color of red jadeite has a positive correlation with the hematite content. The color of 120 red jadeite samples was examined by collecting the reflective signaled from the sample surface using an integrating sphere with the portable X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. The color parameters of jadeite samples under D65, A and CWF standard light sources were analyzed. The light spectrum of D65 light source is continuous, relatively smoothed with high color temperature, which makes the sample color close to that under the natural light and can be used as the best evaluation light source. A light source contributes to improve the red tone of jadeite, which is the best light source for commercial display of red jadeite. CWF light source can be used as the auxiliary lighting for color evaluation. The color of red jadeite is divided into five levels from best to worst using K-Means cluster analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis under D65 light source: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark and Fancy.

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Cui, Feng Kun, Xu Chang Luo, and Feng Hui Dong. "Reliability Analysis of Pre-Stressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridges Using Cantilever Construction on Different Codes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.799.

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The object of this paper analyzes the reliability level of pre-stressed concrete continuous girder bridges designed with the Chinese codes including the code for design of highway reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete bridges and culverts of JTG D62-2004 and JTJ 023-85 using cantilever construction method. Typical cross-sections used in the example bridge are considered at service stage. Load and resistance parameters are treated as random variables. The statistical parameters are based on the available literature, test data and survey results. Reliability indices are calculated by iterations using the first-order second-moment method. The calculated results indicate that the reliability indices on the code of D62-2004 vary considerably to the code of JTJ 023-85. And it could provide the references for the reinforcement of old bridges and the design of new bridges using the cantilever construction.

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&NA;. "The addition of D612 to a panel of mAbs improves colon cancer diagnosis." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 749 (August 1990): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007490-00045.

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Dunn, Mary Lee. "Manifesto for Sustainable Investment: Investing for a Sustainable Future." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 14, no. 2 (August 2004): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/t975-d65n-7rld-j5b6.

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Ogden, Thomas H. "This art of psychoanalysis." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 85, no. 4 (August 2004): 857–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/d6r2-9ngf-yfj2-5qk3.

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Ajuwon, Ademola J., Oladimeji O. Oladepo, Bartholomew Sati, and Patrick Otoide. "Improving Primary School Teachers' Ability to Promote Visual Health in Ibadan, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 16, no. 3 (October 1996): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/26k0-q59j-d6r2-2pmd.

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Primary schools in developing countries, even in urban centers, lack general school health personnel as well as eye-care professionals. In this situation pupils' visual acuity problems may often go undetected, setting the stage for poor performance in school and later in life. Students and staff of the African Regional Health Education Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria worked with primary school teachers in one traditional poor inner-core community of Ibadan to identify their willingness to undertake visual acuity (VA) screening training and their knowledge about eye care and VA. Nineteen teachers participated in a fifteen-hour in-service training course based on their stated needs. After training they were able to preform VA screening and also showed significant knowledge gains about eye care. A six-month follow-up visit found that 322 pupils had been screened, of whom forty-two had visual acuity problems. Parents of half of these pupils followed through with recommended referrals, and teachers assisted all with problems to find more appropriate classroom seating arrangements. This pilot project shows that teachers can become effective primary care workers, but that continuing education programs must be organized by school authorities to prevent deterioration in knowledge and interest in school health.

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Tseng, Kuo Hsiung, Jin Zau Kao, and Juei Long Chiu. "Lighting Color Differences of LED Roadway Lamps and Regular Roadway Lamps." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 4003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.4003.

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To reduce power consumption and attain goals of energy saving and carbon reduction, this study explored the possibility of replacing regular roadway lamps with LED roadway lamps, with focus on the comparison and analysis of lighting color differences. Computer vision system was used for color quantification to simulate human vision. We allowed for LED roadway lamps and various illuminants to irradiate on a 24-color chart to collect the displayed colors and color differences. The CIEDE2000 color difference equation was used to determine the difference between LED roadway lamp illuminants and D65 standard sources, and indicated different characteristics for different illuminants at different colors. The research results showed that lighting color difference values for LED roadway lamps was next to that of T8 luminous tubes and metal halide lamps (similar to D65 standard source). The LED roadway lamp can replace regular roadway lamps to become a predominant type in the future.

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Miljkovic, Milena, Milovan Purenovic, Mile Novakovic, and Sonja Randjelovic. "Influence of the fluorescent brightener Periblanc BA on the degree of whiteness of the knitted cotton fabric." Chemical Industry 65, no. 1 (2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100810061m.

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In this study the influence of the different fluorescent brightener Periblanc BA concentrations on the degree of knitted cotton fabric whiteness was investigated. Two consecutive experimental runs were performed. The first was the bleaching of the knitted cotton fabric with hydrogen peroxide using the methods of two and single bath exhaustion while the second was the optical bleaching with fluorescent brightener Periblanc BA using the exhaustion method. CIE Whiteness Index and Tint value were measured on the Color-Eye 3000 spectrophotometer at the standard illuminant D65 (Ice-Texicon, d/8, D65/10?) while K/S values were determined using the Kubelka Munk equation. The results show that cotton fabric bleached with fluorescent brightener Periblanc BA after bleaching with hydrogen peroxide using two bath exhaustion method has higher degree of whiteness (118.8) with a reddish tint in comparison to the one bleached with hydrogen peroxide using single bath method (106.1).

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Liu, Jin Yu, Yang Zou, and Peng Peng Zheng. "Time-History Analysis of Pre-Stress Loss of Four-Spans Pre-Stressed Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1462.

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Taking Guizhou Hezhang Bridge as the engineering background, this paper used Midas/Civil FEM platform to study the pre-stress loss and deformation of main girder in bridge construction stage and completion stage on the basis of concrete creep and shrinkage formulas provided by “Highway reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete bridge design code (JTG D62-2004)” and the US bridge standard – AASHTO LRFD – published in 2005. The results showed that the pre-stress pipeline friction losses calculated according to the two standards are basically the same. The loss of the anchor deformation, elastic compression and tendon relaxation obtained by AASHTO LRFD is slightly greater than that obtained by JTG D62-2004. However, due to the different computing models, both pre-stress loss and the main beam deflection caused by concrete creep and shrinkage obtained by AASHTO LRFD are larger than that by JTG D60-2004.

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Zhao, Zitong, and Ying Guo. "Colour Quality Evaluation of Bluish-Green Serpentinite Based on the CIECAM16 Model." Minerals 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010038.

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The CIECAM16 colour appearance model is currently a model with high prediction accuracy. It can solve the problem of predicting the influence of different observation conditions on the colour of gemstones. In this study, a computer vision system (CVS) was used to measure the colour of 59 bluish-green serpentinite samples, and the tristimulus values were input into the CIECAM16 forward model to calculate the colour appearance parameters of serpentinite under different surrounds, illuminances, and light sources. It was found that the darkening of the surround causes the lightness and brightness to increase. Pearson’s r of brightness and colourfulness with illuminance is 0.885 and 0.332, respectively, which predicts the Stevens and Hunt effects. When the light source changes from D65 to A, the calculated hue angle shifts to the complementary area of the A light source, which is contrary to the CVS measurement result. The D65 light source is more suitable for the colour presentation and classification of bluish-green serpentinite.

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35

Горбатенко, Е. Р. "Определение размеров участка отрабатываемого блока для получения максимальной производительности оборудования." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 92, no. 9 (2022): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-12-2022-414.

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Статья посвящена выбору оптимальных размеров участка разрабатываемого блока при использовании бульдозерно-экскаваторного способа разработки россыпных месторождений с использованием выработанного пространства, для получения максимальной производительности оборудования, на примере комплекса оборудования экскаватор KOMASU PC-400 – бульдозер KOMATSU D65, при совместном ведении полного цикла вскрышных, добычных и отвальных работ.

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Muraro, R., M. Nuti, P. G. Natali, A. Bigotti, J. F. Simpson, F. J. Primus, D. Colcher, J. W. Greiner, and J. Schlom. "A monoclonal antibody (D612) with selective reactivity for malignant and normal gastro-intestinal epithelium." International Journal of Cancer 43, no. 4 (April 15, 1989): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910430411.

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37

Pendurthi, Tribhuvan K., Ricardo Parker, Jeffrey Schlom, and F. James Primus. "Lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity against human colon carcinomas enhanced by monoclonal antibody D612." International Journal of Cancer 46, no. 6 (December 15, 1990): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910460613.

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38

Gong, Ya Feng, Xiao Bo Sun, Xiang Hui Li, and Yu Bo Jiao. "Separation Method of Strain Caused by Concrete Shrinkage and Creep in Bridge Health Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1421.

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The strain caused by concrete shrinkage and creep is separated through the field measurement data in this paper. Then D62 model and ACI model of finite element model is established to predict shrinkage and creep. Compared with the measured data, the feasibility and practicability of these two models can be proved.

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COOPER, R. "D65 Relative vs. absolute risk as the basis for treatment decisions." American Journal of Hypertension 10, no. 4 (April 1997): 121A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(97)89094-2.

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40

Lam, Yuk Ming, John H. Xin, and Kwan Moon Sin. "Study of the influence of various D65 simulators on colour matching." Coloration Technology 117, no. 5 (September 2001): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2001.tb00070.x.

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41

Lam, Yuk-Ming, and John H. Xin. "Evaluation of the quality of different D65 simulators for visual assessment." Color Research & Application 27, no. 4 (June 17, 2002): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.10061.

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42

Kotyada, Chaithanya, Aditi Maulik, Anand Srivastava, and Mahavir Singh. "Mechanistic Insights into the Differential Catalysis by RheB and Its Mutants: Y35A and Y35A-D65A." ACS Omega 2, no. 10 (October 12, 2017): 6691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01025.

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43

Watanabe, Ken, Hiroshi Yoshioka, Erimitsu Suzuki, Eiji Watanabe, Masao Nagai, and Takayuki Tohtake. "D602 A STUDY OF COMBINED CONTROL OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SUSPENSION OF A MAGLEV VEHICLE." Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2003 (2003): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2003.467.

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44

Ichijo, Takashi, Leo Mori, Jun-etsu Akiyama, and Yasuhiro Nagata. "Fluorescent metameric samples for testing daylight simulators." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 69, Appendix (1985): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.69.appendix_109.

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45

Chen, Ji Hao, Sen Liu, Yu Jia Gao, and Yong Peng Sun. "Pre-Camber Analysis for Hanging Cradle Construction of Qinhe Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.923.

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In order to ensure the safety of long-span continuous prestressed concrete girder bridge constructed by hanging cradle method, a pre-camber is always made to reduce shrinkage and creep in the process of post-operation, the late loss of pre-stressed, deformation produced by live load and so on. Combining with Qinhe Bridge, how to install the pre-camber is studied in this paper. The maximum pre-cambers and their locations of every span of Qinhe Bridge are determined by the method of standard JTG D62-2004 with the finite element analysis software MIDAS/CIVIL. The results show that the final pre-camber curves calculated by the method of standard JTG D62-2004 and quadratic parabolic method have cusps, which cannot meet the standard requirements for the smooth of the bridge. But the slop of the final pre-camber curve calculated by cosine curve at the maximum pre-cambers and the pier top is zero, and the slop of curve from pier top to the mid-span is small, which satisfy the standard requirements for the smooth of bridge. Therefore, the final pre-camber curve should be calculated by cosine curve.

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46

Ruiz-López, Javier, Manuel Melgosa, Razvan Ghinea, Maria Tejada-Casado, Ioana-Sofia Pop-Ciutrila, and María M. Pérez. "Effect of White Light-Emitting Diode Illuminants Recommended by the CIE on Colors of Dental Ceramic Materials." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031518.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate color inconstancy of dental ceramics under the white light-emitting diode illuminants recently proposed by the CIE. From spectral reflectance factors of 18 dental ceramics (VST, NSP, and IEC; shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, and C2), the corresponding colors under illuminant D65 and CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer were computed for all samples, using the chromatic adaptation transform CIECAT16. CIEDE2000 color differences between dental ceramics illuminated by CIE D65 standard illuminant and different white LED illuminants were calculated. Perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT00 and AP00) in dental ceramics were used to analyze color changes. Color gamut size was within the same range for all illuminants and for all ceramics, since MCDM computed values were 4.1–4.4 for VST, 4.0–4.2 for NSP, and 4.3–4.6 for IEC. For all ceramics and shades, the color inconstancies were higher than 50:50% PT00 and, in general, lower than 50:50% AT00. The effect of CIE-proposed LED illuminants on dental ceramic is perceptible and slightly lower than on natural teeth. Dental clinicians should consider these lighting effects on the visual appearance of dental ceramics.

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Wu, Zhimin, Guangling Hu, Yiyu Zhang, and Zheng Ao. "IGF2 May Enhance Placental Fatty Acid Metabolism by Regulating Expression of Fatty Acid Carriers in the Growth of Fetus and Placenta during Late Pregnancy in Pigs." Genes 14, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14040872.

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Fatty acids (FAs) are essential substances for the growth and development of the fetus and placenta. The growing fetus and placenta must obtain adequate FAs received from the maternal circulation and facilitated by various placental FA carriers, including FA transport proteins (FATPs), FA translocase (FAT/CD36), and cytoplasmic FA binding proteins (FABPs). Placental nutrition transport was regulated by imprinted genes H19 and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). Nevertheless, the relationship between the expression patterns of H19/IGF2 and placental fatty acid metabolism throughout pig pregnancy remains poorly studied and unclear. We investigated the placental fatty acid profile, expression patterns of FA carriers, and H19/IGF2 in the placentae on Days 40 (D40), 65 (D65), and 95 (D95) of pregnancy. The results showed that the width of the placental folds and the number of trophoblast cells of D65 placentae were significantly increased than those of D40 placentae. Several important long-chain FAs (LCFAs), including oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonatic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosatetraenoic acid, in the pig placenta showed dramatically increased levels throughout pregnancy. The pig placenta possessed higher expression levels of CD36, FATP4, and FABP5 compared with other FA carriers, and their expression levels had significantly upregulated 2.8-, 5.6-, and 12.0-fold from D40 to D95, respectively. The transcription level of IGF2 was dramatically upregulated and there were corresponding lower DNA methylation levels in the IGF2 DMR2 in D95 placentae relative to D65 placentae. Moreover, in vitro experimentation revealed that the overexpression of IGF2 resulted in a significant increase in fatty acid uptake and expression levels of CD36, FATP4, and FABP5 in PTr2 cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that CD36, FATP4, and FABP5 may be important regulators that enhance the transport of LCFAs in the pig placenta and that IGF2 may be involved in FA metabolism by affecting the FA carriers expression to support the growth of the fetus and placenta during late pregnancy in pigs.

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HIYAMA, Hidetoshi, Tetsuo KUBO, Hideki YAMASHINA, Atsushi KURODA, and Koichi IKEDA. "Subjective Colour Appearances of Object Colours under Illuminant D65 And Illuminant A." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 79, Appendix (1995): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.79.appendix_177.

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49

Liu, Yan, Roy S. Berns, and Yuexin Shu. "Optimization algorithm for designing colored glass filters to simulate CIE illuminant D65." Color Research & Application 16, no. 2 (April 1991): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080160207.

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50

Sarrami, Shayan M., Carolyn De La Cruz, and Shayan Izaddoost. "D62. Incidence of Patent Retrograde Flow through Vena Comitans in DIEP Flaps." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, S5 (May 2024): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0001018736.92136.94.

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