Academic literature on the topic 'D-Varietà'
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Journal articles on the topic "D-Varietà"
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Fanata, Wahyu Indra Duwi, and Dalliyah Hadrotul Qudsiyah. "DAYA REGENERASI KALUS DAN TUNAS IN VITRO PADI VARIETAS TARABAS PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI 2,4-D." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v7i2.4404.
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In Vitro Callus and Plant Regeneration Rate of Tarabas Rice on Several Concentrations of 2,4-D The Agricultural Research and Development Agency and the West Java Provincial Government are developing new superior varieties with Japonica rice standards, namely the Tarabas variety. However, the equivalence of somatic embryogenesis ability of Tarabas rice with original Japonica variety has not been reported. In this study, the frequency of callus regeneration of Tarabas vs Hwayoung rice varieties was compared. Induction of callus from mature embryos with several concentrations of 2,4-D showed the same extent of callus formation in both rice varieties. Callus induced by 1 ppm of 2,4-D showed the higher rate of shoot formation. On the other hand, percentage of callus formation of Tarabas rice was not affected by the increase of 2,4-D concentrations and was able to show 100% regeneration rate at the fourth week in the regeneration medium, although the shoot growth was not as fast as those from medium with 1 ppm 2,4-D. Therefore, these results suggest that Tarabas variety has a somatic embryogenesis capacity equivalent to that of japonica rice and has the potential as research objects in the field of biotechnology. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian serta Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat mengembangkan varietas unggul baru dengan standar padi Japonica yaitu varietas Tarabas. Namun, kesetaraan varietas Tarabas dengan varietas Japonica asli dalam kemampuan embriogenesis somatik belum dilaporkan. Penelitian ini membandingkan respons kultur jaringan antara beras Tarabas dan padi Japonica varietas Hwayoung. Induksi kalus dari embrio matang dengan beberapa konsentrasi 2,4-D menunjukkan respons pembentukan kalus yang sama pada kedua varietas padi. Kalus yang diinduksi 1 ppm 2,4-D menunjukkan laju pembentukan tunas yang lebih tinggi. Di sisi lain, kalus Hwayoung yang diinduksi konsentrasi 2,4-D yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan penghambatan dalam pembentukan tunas. Di lain pihak, pembentukan kalus padi Tarabas tidak terpengaruh oleh peningkatan konsentrasi 2,4-D dan mampu menunjukkan 100% laju regenerasi tanaman pada minggu keempat di media regenerasi walaupun pertumbuhan tunas tidak secepat pada perlakuan 1 ppm 2,4-D. Karena itu, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa varietas Tarabas memiliki kapasitas embriogenesis somatik yang setara dengan padi japonica dan padi Tarabas mempunyai potensi sebagai obyek penelitian di bidang bioteknologi.
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Ochyra, Ryszard, and Halina Bednarek-Ochyra. "The Correct Name for Didymodon Validus (Bryophyta, Pottiaceae) at Variety Rank." Polish Botanical Journal 62, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pbj-2017-0022.
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Abstract Didymodon validus Limpr. is not universally recognised as a species in its own right but it is often considered a variety, D. rigidulus Hedw. var. validus (Limpr.) Düll. The epithet validus was used at varietal rank only in 1923, as Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Mitt. var. valida (Limpr.) Broth., but this taxon was actually recognised as a variety, B. rigidula var. gigantea Schlieph. ex Warnst., already in 1904, and this name is lectotypified herein. Accordingly, the transfer of this variety to Didymodon Hedw., as D. rigidulus var. giganteus (Schlieph. ex Warnst.) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra, comb. nov., is effected. This is the correct name for this Central European-Central Asian montane taxon at variety rank. Didymodon validus is considered a new synonym of D. rigidulus var. giganteus.
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Tamura, Masafumi, Hiroshi Sawa, Yoshiaki Kashimura, Shuji Aonuma, Reizo Kato, and Minoru Kinoshita. "(DCNQI)2Cu: Variety of Magnetism Arising from pπ-d Interactions." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 271, no. 1 (September 1995): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259508034034.
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Broekel, Tom, Matthias Brachert, Matthias Duschl, and Thomas Brenner. "Joint R&D Subsidies, Related Variety, and Regional Innovation." International Regional Science Review 40, no. 3 (July 26, 2016): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017615589007.
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Subsidies for research and development (R&D) are an important tool of public R&D policy, which motivates extensive scientific analyses and evaluations. This article adds to this literature by arguing that the effects of R&D subsidies go beyond the extension of organizations’ monetary resources invested into R&D. It is argued that collaboration induced by subsidized joint R&D projects yield significant effects that are missed in traditional analyses. An empirical study on the level of German labor market regions substantiates this claim, showing that collaborative R&D subsidies impact regions’ innovation growth when providing access to related variety and embedding regions into central positions in cross-regional knowledge networks.
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Sinha, Kanhaiya Kumar. "Variety of R&D Governance Structures: A Transaction Cost Economics Perspective." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 18023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.63.
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Oaku, Toshinori. "Gröbner bases for $D$-modules on a non-singular affine algebraic variety." Tohoku Mathematical Journal 48, no. 4 (1996): 575–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2748/tmj/1178225300.
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Visinescu, Diana, Maria-Gabriela Alexandru, Augustin M. Madalan, Céline Pichon, Carine Duhayon, Jean-Pascal Sutter, and Marius Andruh. "Magneto-structural variety of new 3d–4f–4(5)d heterotrimetallic complexes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 38 (2015): 16713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt01738f.
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Three families of heterotrimetallic chains with different topologies, have been obtained by reacting Schiff-base bicompartmental [CuII(L1)] complexes and lanthanide(iii) salts, with (NHBu3)3[M(CN)8] (M = MoV, WV).
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Andersen, Henning Haahr, and Masaharu Kaneda. "On the D -affinity of the flag variety in type B 2." manuscripta mathematica 103, no. 3 (November 1, 2000): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002290070013.
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Holmgren, Noel H. "A new variety of Draba pedicellata and a lectotype for D. cusickii (Brassicaceae)." Brittonia 56, no. 2 (April 2004): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2004)056[0107:anvodp]2.0.co;2.
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Caner, Turanay, Melissa Appleyard, Beverly B. Tyler, and Griffin Weber. "Interdisciplinary R&D Performance: The Role of Knowledge Variety, Dissimilarity & Complementarities." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (August 2020): 20636. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.20636abstract.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "D-Varietà"
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ROSSI, FEDERICO ALBERTO. "D-Complex Structures on Manifolds: Cohomological properties and deformations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41976.
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In questa tesi studiamo alcune proprietà delle "Varietà Doppie" o D-Varietà. In particolare studiamo la teoria delle deformazioni di D-Strutture e di D-Strutture CR, e troviamo una condizione che è equivalente alla classica condizione di Maurer-Cartan che descrive l'integrabilità di deformazioni di D-Strutture. Successivamente prestiamo attenzione alla coomologia delle D-Varietà, provando che una versione D-complessa del del-delbar-Lemma non può essere vera per D-varietà compatte. Inoltre sono stabilite alcune proprietà di sottogruppi speciali della coomologia di de-Rham, ottenute studiando il loro comportamento sotto l'azione di deformazioni. Infine, un risultato riguardante le sottovarietà Lagrangiane minimali dovuto ad Harvey e Lawson riguardante le varietà D-Kahler Ricci-Piatte è generalizzato a una classe di varietà simplettiche quasi D-complesse.We study some properties of Double Manifold, or D-Manifolds. In particular, we study of deformations of D-structures and of CR D-structures, and we found a condition which is equivalent to the classical Maurer-Cartan equation describing the integrability of the deformations. We also focus on the cohomological properties of D-Manifold, showing that a del-delbar-Lemma can not hold for any compact D-Manifold. We also state some properties of special subgroups of de-Rham cohomology, studing also their behaviour under small deformations. Finally, a result by Harvey and Lawson about the minimal Lagrangian Submanifold of a D-Kahler Ricci-flat manifold is generalized to the case of a special almost D-complex symplectic manifold.
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Ghilardi, Marta [Verfasser], Dieter [Gutachter] Kattenbusch, and Gerald [Gutachter] Bernhard. "Italiano e italiani a Berlino. Varietà e generazioni a confronto / Marta Ghilardi ; Gutachter: Dieter Kattenbusch, Gerald Bernhard." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185579605/34.
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Feudo, Lorena [Verfasser], and Edgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Radtke. "La grammaticalizzazione dei costrutti (bi)nominali del tipo SN1 di SN2 in alcune varietà italo-romanze / Lorena Feudo ; Betreuer: Edgar Radtke." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/117768991X/34.
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Daia, Liviu. "La transformation de Fourier pour les D-modules." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10126.
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Sur c#n vu comme variete algebrique, soient f la transformation de fourier pour les d-modules, f#+ la transformation de fourier faisceautique de brylinsky-malgrange-verdier, et sol le foncteur solutions. On prouve alors que pour tout d-module 1-specialisable a l'infini m, on a un isomorphisme sol(fm) f#+sol(m). Le resultat a ete conjecture en 1988 par b. Malgrange, qui l'a prouve pour m module de type fini sur l'algebre de weyl
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Terrisse, Robin. "Flux vacua and compactification on smooth compact toric varieties." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1144/document.
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L’étude des vides avec flux est une étape primordiale afin de mieux comprendre la compactification en théorie des cordes ainsi que ses conséquences phénoménologiques. En présence de flux, l’espace interne ne peut plus être Calabi-Yau, mais admet tout de même une structure SU(3) qui devient un outil privilégié. Après une introduction aux notions géométriques nécessaires, cette thèse examine le rôle des flux dans la compactification supersymétrique sous différents angles. Nous considérons tout d’abord des troncations cohérentes de la supergravité IIA. Nous montrons alors que des condensats fermioniques peuvent aider à supporter des flux et générer une contribution positive à la constante cosmologique. Ces troncations admettent donc des vides de Sitter qu’il serait autrement très difficile d’obtenir, si ce n’est impossible. L’argument est tout d’abord employé avec des condensats de dilatini puis améliorer en suggérant un mécanisme pour générer des condensats de gravitini à partir d’instantons gravitationnels. Ensuite l’attention se tourne sur les branes et leur comportement sous T-dualité non abélienne. Nous calculons les configurations duales à certaines solutions avec D branes de la supergravité de type II, et examinons les flux ainsi que leurs charges afin d’identifier les branes après dualité. La solution supersymétrique avec brane D2 est étudiée plus en détails en vérifiant explicitement les équations sur les spineurs généralisés, puis en discutant de la possibilité d’une déformation massive. Le dernier chapitre fournit une construction systématique de structures SU(3) sur une large classe de variétés toriques compactes. Cette construction définit un fibré en sphère au-dessus d’une variété torique 2d quelconque, mais fonctionne tout aussi bien sur une base Kähler-EinsteinThe study of flux vacua is a primordial step in the understanding of string compactifications and their phenomenological properties. In presence of flux the internal manifold ceases to be Calabi-Yau, but still admits an SU(3) structure which becomes thus the preferred framework. After introducing the relevant geometrical notions this thesis explores the role that fluxes play in supersymmetric compactification through several approaches. At first consistent truncations of type IIA supergravity are considered. It is shown that fermionic condensates can help support fluxes and generate a positive contribution to the cosmological constant. These truncations thus admit de Sitter vacua which are otherwise extremely difficult to get, if not impossible. The argument is initially performed with dilatini condensates and then improved by suggesting a mechanism to generate gravitini condensates from gravitational instantons. Then the focus shifts towards branes and their behavior under non abelian T-duality. The duals of several D-brane solutions of type II supergravity are computed and the branes are tracked down by investigating the fluxes and the charges they carry. The supersymmetric D2 brane is further studied by checking explicitly the generalized spinor equations and discussing the possibility of a massive deformation. The last chapter gives a systematic construction of SU(3) structures on a wide class of compact toric varieties. The construction defines a sphere bundle on an arbitrary two-dimensional toric variety but also works when the base is Kähler-Einstein
Books on the topic "D-Varietà"
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Sunbonnet Sue celebrates the holdiays: Stitch 3-D calendar blocks depicting Sunbonnet Sue in a variety of costumes and holiday activities. Berne, Ind: House of White Birches, 2004.
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create 2-D and 3-D abstract models from a variety of materials to il. McGraw-Hill, 2008.
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Gates, Elvis. Picture Book of Reɑl Mɑdɾιd CF: A Great Gift with Impressive and Attractive Illustrations of the Most Variety Beautiful Significant Poster for Reɑl Mɑdɾιd CF Lovers on Any Special Occasion. Independently Published, 2022.
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Cataldo, Mark Andrea de, Luca Migliorini Lectures 4–5, and Mark Andrea de Cataldo. The Hodge Theory of Maps. Edited by Eduardo Cattani, Fouad El Zein, Phillip A. Griffiths, and Lê Dũng Tráng. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161341.003.0006.
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This chapter showcases two further lectures on the Hodge theory of maps, and they are mostly composed of exercises. The first lecture details a minimalist approach to sheaf cohomology, and then turns to the intersection cohomology complex, which is limited to the definition and calculation of the intersection complex Isubscript X of a variety of dimension d with one isolated singularity. Finally, this lecture discusses the Verdier duality. The second lecture sets out the Decomposition theorem, which is the deepest known fact concerning the homology of algebraic varieties. It then considers the relative hard Lefschetz and the hard Lefschetz for intersection cohomology groups.
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Curtis, William, Martin Kemper, Alexandra Miller, Robert Pawlosky, M. Todd King, and Richard L. Veech. Mitigation of Damage from Reactive Oxygen Species and Ionizing Radiation by Ketone Body Esters. Edited by Detlev Boison. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0027.
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Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ROS and RNS, are ubiquitous in living cells. They have beneficial effects but are also the cause of a wide variety of diseases. However adding excessive amounts of reducing agents has a long history of clinical failure. This problem can be overcome by providing a novel ester of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate–R-1,3-butanediol, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to ketone bodies, the metabolism of which leads to the production of NADPH. The free cytosolic [NADP+]/[NADPH] redox potential is the most negative in the cell and sets the potential of the glutathione and ascorbic acid couples. Ketone bodies also act by inhibiting histone deacetylases, activating the transcription factor FOXO3 and increasing the transcription of enzymes involved in the destruction of ROS. Ketone esters would be effective in the treatment of a variety of disparate diseases where ROS play a role, ranging from Parkinson’s disease to radiation sickness and aging.
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Rosabella, Grainne. Brɑd Pıtt Photo Book: A Great Gift with Impressive and Attractive Illustrations of the Most Variety Beautiful Significant Poster for Brɑd Pıtt Fans on Any Special Occasion. Independently Published, 2022.
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Smith, John David, and Raymond Arsenault, eds. The Long Civil War. University Press of Kentucky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813181301.001.0001.
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In this wide-ranging volume, eminent historians John David Smith and Raymond Arsenault assemble a distinguished group of scholars to build on the growing body of work on the "Long Civil War" and break new ground. They cover a variety of related subjects, including antebellum missionary activity and colonialism in Africa, the home front, the experiences of disabled veterans in the US Army Veteran Reserve Corps, and Dwight D. Eisenhower's personal struggles with the war's legacy amid the growing civil rights movement. The contributors offer fresh interpretations and challenging analyses of topics such as ritualistic suicide among former Confederates after the war and whitewashing in Walt Disney Studios' historical Cold War era movies. Featuring many leading figures in the field, The Long Civil War meaningfully expands the focus of mid-nineteenth-century history as it was understood by previous generations of historians.
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Ryder, Aurelia. Stυdιo Ghιblι Picture Book: A Great Gift with Impressive and Attractive Illustrations of the Most Variety Beautiful Significant Poster for Stυdιo Ghιblι Lovers on Any Special Occasion. Independently Published, 2022.
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Peels, Rik. A Conceptual Map of Scientism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462758.003.0002.
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This chapter provides a conceptual map of scientism: an overview of the varieties of scientism and their relations. It argues that a plausible understanding of scientism is the thesis that the boundaries of natural science should be expanded in order to include academic disciplines or realms of life that are widely considered not to belong to the realm of science. Every participant in the debate on scientism should make clear which variety of scientism she or he adheres to or criticizes by specifying whether she is talking about (a) academic or universal scientism; (b) eliminative, methodological, epistemological, ontological, moral, or existential scientism; (c) full or partial scientism; and (d) in the case of moral and existential scientism: replacement or illusion scientism. The aim of this map is to provide clarity in a debate that is often confused and to help one see what one is committed to in adopting a particular scientistic position.
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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Antenatal care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0004.
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This chapter comprises confirming the pregnancy, the signs and symptoms of pregnancy, pregnancy testing and how to go about it, pregnancy adaptation, how the body changes in response to the pregnancy, the booking interview, and where, when, how, and why it takes place. Pregnancy screening and risk assessment, based on the medical, social, and obstetric history, is outlined. Blood group and the rhesus factor, their importance in terms of preventing haemolytic disease in the newborn, and anti-D prophylaxis are explained. Down’s syndrome risk screening protocols, gaining consent, and the testing options are presented, as well as antenatal examination and how and when this is carried out, the abdominal examination procedure, and the significance of findings and how this relates to fetal well-being. Monitoring fetal growth and well-being by a variety of clinical and technical measures is also included, explaining the procedure for measuring growth and plotting the results on a customized chart.
Book chapters on the topic "D-Varietà"
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Faella, Marco, and Gennaro Parlato. "Reasoning About Data Trees Using CHCs." In Computer Aided Verification, 249–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_13.
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AbstractReasoning about data structures requires powerful logics supporting the combination of structural and data properties. We define a new logic called Mso-D(Monadic Second-Order logic with Data) as an extension of standard Mso on trees with predicates of the desired data logic. We also define a new class of symbolic data tree automata (Sdtas) to deal with data trees using a simple machine. Mso-D and Sdtas are both Turing-powerful, and their high expressiveness is necessary to deal with interesting data structures. We cope with undecidability by encoding Sdta executions as a system of CHCs (Constrained Horn Clauses), and solving the resulting system using off-the-shelf solvers. We also identify a fragment of Mso-D whose satisfiability can be effectively reduced to the emptiness problem for Sdtas. This fragment is very expressive since it allows us to characterize a variety of data trees from the literature, solving certain infinite-state games, etc. We implement this reduction in a prototype tool that combines an Mso decision procedure over trees (Mona) with a CHC engine (Z3), and use this tool to conduct several experiments, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach across different problem domains.
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Rastogi, Rohit, Saumya Agarwal, Palak Sharma, Uarvarshi Kaul, and Shilpi Jain. "A Novel D&C Approach for Efficient Fuzzy Unsupervised Classification for Mixed Variety of Data." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 553–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13731-5_60.
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Hirose, Hitoshi, and Kazuro Hirahara. "A 3-D Quasi-static Model for a Variety of Slip Behaviors on a Subduction Fault." In Computational Earthquake Science Part II, 2417–31. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7875-3_22.
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Burgos, Daniel. "Online Technology in Knowledge Transfer." In Radical Solutions and Open Science, 91–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4276-3_6.
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Abstract The transfer of knowledge entails a challenge for any research activity. It drives the promise and results towards implemented and replicable facts. The transfer is frequently crystallised in contracts and patents, but not solely: scientific communication, general publication, property rights, or public R&D + innovation projects generated in the heat of research are also transference products and tools. This article lays out the benefits and weaknesses of these devices, underlining the participation of technology, especially online tech, when appropriate. We found that there are a variety of resources for transference, and that technology is only valid in some of them.
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Kvasnica, M. "Modular Sensory System for Robotics and Human-Machine Interaction Based on Optoelectronic Components." In Encyclopedia of Mobile Computing and Commerce, 651–59. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-002-8.ch109.
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Presented here is a new unified modular sensory system. The subject of the article is the sampling and information processing used in the conversion of a 2-D CCD array image into three axial and three angular displacement values. The CCD array image consists of four light spots produced by four light beams (planes) from laser diodes. These light beams (planes) form the edges (faces) of a pyramidal shape, with the 2-D CCD array forming its base and the origin of the laser sources forming its apex. The algorithm for the computation of the location and orientation is based on the inverse transformation of the final trapezoidal light spots position, related to the original square light spots position on the 2-D CCD array. This algorithm determines the relative location and orientation of a floating 2-D coordinate system (corresponding to the 2-D CCD array) against a fixed 3-D coordinate system (corresponding to the apex of the pyramidal shape). The modular design presented here enables easy customizing of this sensory system for a wide variety of applications.
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Straus, Joseph N. "Ruth Crawford Seeger, Diaphonic Suite No. 1, first movement (1930)." In The Art of Post-Tonal Analysis, 39–43. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197543979.003.0009.
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This passage is composed in what the composer calls “verse form,” with a musical rhyme at the end of each line. The first three notes, D–E–E♭, function as a unifying motive, with the possibility of presentation in a variety of guises and over a variety of musical spans. Over the course of the passage, musical spaces are opened up and filled in.
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R., Jothi, and Ummity Srinivasa Rao. "A Deep Learning Approach for Predicting the Remaining Useful Lifetime of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using 1-D Convolutional Neural Networks." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 37–46. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8816-4.ch003.
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Lithium-ion batteries, among many energy storage systems, offer high energy density, low voltage dips, long lifespan, and wide working temperatures. They have been widely adopted in a variety of applications, including as electric vehicles, aerospace, energy management systems, etc. Accurate prediction of remaining useful lifetime (RUL) and health status of lithium-ion batteries have received lot of attention in the recent years. Machine learning approaches have recently gained popularity as a means of empirically learning and predicting battery behaviour. However, the complex and nonlinear behaviour of lithium-ion batteries pose challenges for traditional machine learning approaches. This paper investigates the application of two non-linear machine learning models, namely artificial neural network (ANN) and 1-D Convolution Neural Network (1-D CNN), for predicting the RUL. NASA prognostics battery dataset is utilized for the present study. Experimental results indicate that the 1-D CNN achieves better prediction accuracy as compared to ANN and other traditional machine learning.
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Morell-Gimenez, Vicente, Marcelo Saval-Calvo, Victor Villena-Martinez, Jorge Azorin-Lopez, Jose Garcia-Rodriguez, Miguel Cazorla, Sergio Orts-Escolano, and Andres Fuster-Guillo. "A Survey of 3D Rigid Registration Methods for RGB-D Cameras." In Advancements in Computer Vision and Image Processing, 74–98. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5628-2.ch004.
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Registration of multiple 3D data sets is a fundamental problem in many areas. Many researches and applications are using low-cost RGB-D sensors for 3D data acquisition. In general terms, the registration problem tries to find a transformation between two coordinate systems that better aligns the point sets. In order to review and describe the state-of-the-art of the rigid registration approaches, the authors decided to classify methods in coarse and fine. Due to the high variety of methods, they have made a study of the registration techniques, which could use RGB-D sensors in static scenarios. This chapter covers most of the expected aspects to consider when a registration technique has to be used with RGB-D sensors. Moreover, in order to establish a taxonomy of the different methods, the authors have classified those using different characteristics. As a result, they present a classification that aims to be a guide to help the researchers or practitioners to select a method based on the requirements of a specific registration problem.
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"Tensile Testing of Plastics." In Tensile Testing, 137–53. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060137.
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Abstract The testing of plastics includes a wide variety of chemical, thermal, and mechanical tests. This chapter reviews the tensile testing of plastics, which has been standardized in ASTM D 638, "Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics," and other comparable standards. It describes the fundamental factors that affect data from tensile tests, examines the stipulations in standardized tensile testing, and discusses the utilization of data from tensile tests.
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Sarkar, Kanchan, and Bohang Li. "Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation." In Research Anthology on Improving Medical Imaging Techniques for Analysis and Intervention, 861–91. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7544-7.ch044.
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Pixel accurate 2-D, 3-D medical image segmentation to identify abnormalities for further analysis is on high demand for computer-aided medical imaging applications. Various segmentation algorithms have been studied and applied in medical imaging for many years, but the problem remains challenging due to growing a large number of variety of applications starting from lung disease diagnosis based on x-ray images, nucleus detection, and segmentation based on microscopic pictures to kidney tumour segmentation. The recent innovation in deep learning brought revolutionary advances in computer vision. Image segmentation is one such area where deep learning shows its capacity and improves the performance by a larger margin than its successor. This chapter overviews the most popular deep learning-based image segmentation techniques and discusses their capabilities and basic advantages and limitations in the domain of medical imaging.
Conference papers on the topic "D-Varietà"
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Zhou, Xiangyang, and Deyi Zhou. "Evolution Mechanism on Integration of Crops Variety R&D and Commercialization: A Research Summary." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998328.
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Mishra, Vikalp, and Krishnan Suresh. "Efficient Analysis of 3-D Plates via Algebraic Reduction." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87031.
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3-D finite element analysis (3-D FEA) is not generally recommended for analyzing thin structures such as plates and shells. Instead, a variety of highly efficient and specialized 2-D numerical methods have been developed for analyzing such structures. However, 2-D methods pose serious automation challenges in today’s 3-D design environment. In this paper, we propose an efficient yet easily automatable 3-D algebraic reduction method for analyzing thin plates. The proposed method exploits standard off-the-shelf finite element packages, and it achieves high computational efficiency through an algebraic reduction process. In the reduction process, a 3-D plate bending stiffness matrix is constructed from a 3-D mesh, and then projected onto a lower-dimensional space by appealing to standard 2-D plate-theories. Algebraic reduction offers the best of both worlds in that it is computationally efficient, and yet easy to automate. The proposed methodology is substantiated through numerical experiments.
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Subbiah, Rajagopal. "Coupled Axial-Lateral Dynamic Analysis Using 3-D Riccati-Finite Element Method." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0346.
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Abstract An improved algorithmic procedure is discussed to obtain the dynamical characteristics of rotating systems applicable to both 2-D and 3-D models. The beam structure has been modeled in 3 dimension representing five degrees of freedom at each node (three translations and two rotations) using the Riccatifinite element method and solved by an iterative technique. This method provides another convenient way of solving a variety of rotating structural problems using personal computers.
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Psaltis, Demetri, Hsin-Yu Li, Yong Qiao, and Kevin Curtis. "Optical Image Recognition System Implemented with a 3-D Memory Disk." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.pd5.
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Holographic storage of data in 3-D media can provide high density of information storage and parallel access to the stored information. Such memories were investigated extensively in the early 60’s [1,2,3,4,5] and even though these early efforts produced remarkable results they never found practical application largely because of material limitations such as low sensitivity, fanning, and hologram decay. Interest in holographic 3-D memories has been revitalized in recent years for a variety of reasons, the most significant probably being the emergence of applications, such as neural networks, machine vision, and databases, that can make use of the capabilities of holographic 3-D memories.
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Wen, Li, and Behman Bahr. "Modeling and Animation of Mechanical Systems." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0122.
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Abstract This paper presents a general purpose method for mechanism modeling and animation using 2-D or 3-D computer graphics technique. A simulation system based on this method enables designers or management to evaluate the motion performance of mechanisms in effective, flexible and inexpensive ways. This method is particularly well suited for uses in small manufacturing companies and educational institutes because of a little required expense. Examples, from a simple mechanism to a complex robot, will be given in the paper to prove that this method can be applied to a variety of applications.
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Lee, David J., Soyoung S. Cha, and Narayanan Ramachandran. "Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Optical/X-Ray Stereoscopic Tracking Velocimetry." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62450.
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Measurement of three-dimensional (3-D) three-component velocity fields is of great importance in a variety of research and industrial applications for understanding materials processing, fluid physics, and strain/displacement measurements. The 3-D experiments in these fields most likely inhibit the use of conventional techniques, which are based only on planar and optically-transparent-field observation. Here, we briefly review the current status of 3-D diagnostics for motion/velocity detection, for both optical and x-ray systems. As an initial step for providing 3-D capabilities, we have developed stereoscopic tracking velocimetry (STV) to measure 3-D flow/deformation through optical observation. The STV is advantageous in system simplicity, for continually observing 3-D phenomena in near real-time. In an effort to enhance the data processing through automation and to avoid the confusion in tracking numerous markers or particles, artificial neural networks are employed to incorporate human intelligence. Our initial optical investigations have proven the STV to be a very viable candidate for reliably measuring 3-D flow motions. With previous activities are focused on improving the processing efficiency, overall accuracy, and automation based on the optical system, the current efforts is directed to the concurrent expansion to the x-ray system for broader experimental applications.
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Bogdanovich, Alexander, and Dmitri Mungalov. "A Novel 3-D Braiding Technology, Complex Shape Preforms and Composites." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39478.
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A brief overview of 3-D braiding technology and its two major branches, “row and column” and “rotary” braiding, opens the paper. An innovative 3-D braiding process that has been recently patented and implemented in a fully automated multi-modular industrial scale machine is introduced next. The machine enables producing complex, continuously variable shape preforms for composite structures. Each module of the machine incorporates some number of horngears with four yarn carriers placed on each of them. A novel gate switch mechanism, based on the gripping fork controlled rotation, provides smooth transfer of yarn carriers between adjacent horngears. Each gripping fork is controlled individually, thus allowing fabricating practically unlimited variety of complex cross section 3-D braided preforms. Examples of manufactured braided products include rectangular bars, T-, I- and J-stiffeners, box-beams, hollow tubes, etc. Results and discussion of mechanical characterization of 3-D braided carbon and E-glass composites conclude the paper.
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Shrivastava, Devashish, and Robert Roemer. "A Comparison Between 2-D and 3-D Conduction Shape Factors." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47337.
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Conduction shape factors are frequently used in a variety of heat transfer applications to evaluate heat transfer from one three-dimensional body to another three-dimensional body. Previous investigators have used conduction shape factors derived using the 2-D cross-section of the 3-D geometries for non-heating conditions as approximations to 3-D conduction shape factors with heating and no-heating present. This paper investigates the suitability of neglecting the axial conduction and power deposition in deriving expressions for conduction shape factors for the case of a single, cylindrical vessel imbedded concentrically in a cylindrical, uniformly heated tissue matrix. It is shown that 1) conduction shape factors are functions of the deposited power and the temperature distribution and 2) the magnitudes of conduction shape factors are affected significantly by axial conduction.
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Poon, Ting-Chung, and Kannan Raj. "Three-dimensional optical transfer functions of an optical heterodyne scanning microscope." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.tuc4.
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Optical scanning systems are broadly used in a variety of imaging schemes in microscopy. However, the image processing operations achievable with a scanning optical system are limited to those corresponding to a real and positive point spread function.1 An optical heterodyne laser scanning system has been introduced to overcome the constraints.2 Here, we investigate the defocusing imaging effect on the optical transfer function (OTF) of the optical heterodyne scanning system and discuss the synthesis of OTFs from defocused 2-D OTFs. Through analytical and simulation results, we show the synthesis of 3-D OTFs using two spatially separated scanning Gaussian laser beams as one example, and two superimposed Gaussian beams apodized by complementary Fresnel zone plates as another example. Low frequency de-emphasis of the obtainable 3-D OFTs is achieved.
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Lin, Freddie. "Multiplexed Waveguide Hologram for Optical Processing and Computing." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1989.tui15.
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The concept of using holograms in optical processing and computing has been found in a variety of areas such as optical interconnects [1], optical associative memory [2] and optical computing systems [3]. In conventional holography, holographic optical elements (HOEs) are generally located in three-dimensional free space (see Figure 1(a)). This type of 3-D free-space holograms has important limitations. First, alignment problems are critical. If the sources and detectors are not in exact 3-D alignment with the holographic elements, performance suffers possibly to the point where the system becomes inoperative. Second, and more importantly, conventional 3-D Bragg holographic elements have low angular and wavelength selectivity (i.e., multiplexing) due to the limited hologram thickness (t ~ 20μm, for dichromated gelatin). Although multifacet holograms [4] are proposed, to improve performance, they suffer from diffraction-limited because of the small facet apertures.
Reports on the topic "D-Varietà"
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Montville, Thomas J., and Roni Shapira. Molecular Engineering of Pediocin A to Establish Structure/Function Relationships for Mechanistic Control of Foodborne Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568088.bard.
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This project relates the structure of the bacteriocin molecule (which is genetically determined) to its antimicrobial function. We have sequenced the 19,542 bp pediocin plasmid pMD136 and developed a genetic transfer system for pediococci. The pediocin A operon is complex, containing putative structural, immunity, processing, and transport genes. The deduced sequence of the pediocin A molecule contains 44 amino acids and has a predicted PI of 9.45. Mechanistic studies compared the interaction of pediocin PA-1 and nisin with Listeria monocytgenes cells and model lipid systems. While significant nisin-induced intracellular ATP depletion is caused by efflux, pediocin-induced depletion is caused exclusively by hydrolysis. Liposomes derived from L. monocytogenes phospholipids were used to study the physical chemistry of pediocin and nisin interactions with lipids. Their different pH optima are the results of different specific ionizable amino acids. We generated a predicted 3-D structural model for pediocin PA-1 and used a variety of mutant pediocins to demonstrate that the "positive patch" at residues 11 and 12 (and not the YGNGV consensus sequence) is responsible for the binding step of pediocin action. This structure/function understanding gained here provides necessary prerequisites to the more efficacious use of bacteriocins to control foodborne pathogens.
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Guha, Supratik, H. S. Philip Wong, Jean Anne Incorvia, and Srabanti Chowdhury. Future Directions Workshop: Materials, Processes, and R&D Challenges in Microelectronics. Defense Technical Information Center, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1188476.
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Microelectronics is a complex field with ever-evolving technologies and business needs, fueled by decades of continued fundamental materials science and engineering advancement. Decades of dimensional scaling have led to the point where even the name microelectronics inadequately describes the field, as most modern devices operate on the nanometer scale. As we reach physical limits and seek more efficient ways for computing, research in new materials may offer alternative design approaches that involve much more than electron transport e.g. photonics, spintronics, topological materials, and a variety of exotic quasi-particles. New engineering processes and capabilities offer the means to take advantage of new materials designs e.g. 3D integration, atomic scale fabrication processes and metrologies, digital twins for semiconductor processes and microarchitectures. The wide range of potential technological approaches provides both opportunities and challenges. The Materials, Processes, and R and D Challenges in Microelectronics Future Directions workshop was held June 23-24, 2022, at the Basic Research Innovation Collaboration Center in Arlington, VA, to examine these opportunities and challenges. Sponsored by the Basic Research Directorate of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, it is intended as a resource for the S and T community including the broader federal funding community, federal laboratories, domestic industrial base, and academia.
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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.
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The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.
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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Daniel Segal. Isolation, Purification and Sequence Determination of Pheromonotropic-Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695850.bard.
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Moths constitute a major group of pest insects in agriculture. Pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates, which is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Our working hypothesis was that, since the emission of sex-pheromone is necessary to attract a mate, then failure to produce and emit pheromone is a potential strategy for manipulating adult moth behavior. The project aimed at identifying, characterising and determining the sequence of specific receptors responsible for the interaction with pheromonotropic neuropeptide/s using two related moth species: Helicoverpa armigera and H. lea as model insects. We established specific binding to a membrane protein estimated at 50 kDa in mature adult females using a photoaffinity-biotin probe for PBAN. We showed that JH is required for the up-regulation of this putative receptor protein. In vitro studies established that the binding initiates a cascade of second messengers including channel opening for calcium ions and intracellular cAMP production. Pharmacological studies (using sodium fluoride) established that the receptor is coupled to a G-protein, that is, the pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor (PBAN-R) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)'s. We showed that PBAN-like peptides are present in Drosophila melanogaster based on bioassay and immunocytochemical data. Using the annotated genome of D. melanogaster to search for a GPCR, we found that some were similar to neuromedin U- receptors of vertebrates, which contain a similar C-terminal ending as PBAN. We established that neuromedin U does indeed induce pheromone biosynthesis and cAMP production. Using a PCR based cloning strategy and mRNA isolated from pheromone glands of H. zea, we successfully identified a gene encoding a GPCR from pheromone glands. The full-length PBAN-R was subsequently cloned and expressed in Sf9 insect cells and was shown to mobilize calcium in response to PBAN in a dose-dependent manner. The successful progress in the identification of a gene, encoding a GPCR for the neurohormone, PBAN, provides a basis for the design of a novel battery of compounds that will specifically antagonize pheromone production. Furthermore, since PBAN belongs to a family of insect neuropeptides with more than one function in different life stages, this rationale may be extended to other physiological key-regulatory processes in different insects.
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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.
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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.
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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.