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KIM, Y. E., R. A. RICE, G. S. CHULICK, and M. RABINOWITZ. "CLUSTER-IMPACT FUSION WITH CLUSTER BEAMS." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 25 (August 20, 1991): 2259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391002657.
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Recent experiments in which beams of D 2 O clusters impact on deuterated targets have been observed to produce higher than expected deuterium-deuterium ( D - D ) fusion rates, whereas similar experiments with pure D clusters produced no observable D - D fusion. We present a theoretical model capable of explaining these apparently conflicting experimental results. Our calculations indicate that heavy atoms such as O in the cluster, and Ti, Zr, or C in the target are essential for obtaining high fusion rates and D energy enhancement by double Rutherford backscattering in the experiments as conducted. We predict the conditions for obtaining comparable yields from D , D 2 O , and H 2 O clusters and propose a set of experimental tests.
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Zhou, Yu, and Bin Zhu. "Cluster combinatorics of d-cluster categories." Journal of Algebra 321, no. 10 (May 2009): 2898–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2009.01.032.
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Adsul, Hemant, and Bachubhai Monpara. "Genetic divergence analysis in indigenously developed Indian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm." Genetika 46, no. 2 (2014): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1402401a.
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Knowledge of the naturally occurring diversity helps to identify diverse groups of soybean genotypes that can be useful for the breeding program. Therefore, this study aims to identify traits that influence the soybean genotypes in cluster formation using D2 analysis. Hundred genotypes of soybean were studied for 15 characters in randomized block design with three replications and grouped into fifteen clusters. The cluster I was the largest with 55 genotypes followed by cluster III containing 17 genotypes and cluster IV containing 16 genotypes. The remaining clusters were solitary with single genotype each. The inter-cluster distance was the highest between clusters XIII and XIV (D=38.28) followed by clusters X and XII (D=33.64), XIII and XIV (D=32.71), III and XIV (D=32.06) and XII and XIV (D=31.65). Genotypes falling in these clusters may serve as potential parents for a hybridization programme. Pods per plant contributed the highest in manifestation of total genetic diversity. The presence of clear phenotypic and genotypic differences in the characters under consideration between or among clusters gives us an opportunity to bring about improvement through hybridization of genotypes between these clusters and subsequent selection in the segregating generations. The genotype JS (SH) 131 of cluster XIV, J 606 of cluster X, JS 46-75 of cluster V and Himso 1548 of cluster XV were identified as genetically diverse parents, which can be utilized for future crop improvement programme.
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Cojic, Milena M., Aleksandra Klisic, Radivoj Kocic, Andrej Veljkovic, and Gordana Kocic. "Data-Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7942716.
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Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are suffering from vitamin D deficiency and increased oxidative stress to a variable extent, which could produce different health impacts for each individual. The novel multivariate statistical method applied in the present study allows metabolic phenotyping of T2DM individuals based on vitamin D status, metabolic control, and oxidative stress status in order to identify effectively different subtypes in our type 2 DM study population. Data-driven statistical cluster analysis was performed with 95 patients with T2DM, treated with metformin. Clusters were based on 12 variables—age, disease duration, vitamin D level, insulin, fasting glycemia (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density and low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and triglycerides/glucose index (TYG). The analysis revealed four unique clusters which differed significantly in terms of vitamin D status, with a mean 25 (OH) D level in cluster 1 ( 57.84 ± 11.46 nmol/L) and cluster 4 ( 53.78 ± 22.36 nmol/L), falling within the insufficiency range. Cluster 2 had the highest mean level of 25 (OH) D ( 84.55 ± 22.66 nmol/L), indicative of vitamin D sufficiency. Cluster 3 had a mean vitamin D level below 50 nmol/L ( 49.27 ± 16.95 ), which is considered deficient. Patients in the vitamin D sufficient cluster had a significantly better glycemic and metabolic control as well as a lower level of lipid peroxidation compared to other clusters. The patients from the vitamin D sufficient cluster also had a significantly higher level of vitamin D/MPO, vitamin D/XO, vitamin D/MDA, vitamin D/CAT, and vitamin D/TRC than that in the vitamin deficient and insufficient clusters. The vitamin D deficient cluster included significantly younger patients and had a significantly lower level of AOPP/TRC and albumin/TRC than the vitamin D sufficient cluster. The evidence from our cluster analysis in the context of separated T2DM demonstrates beneficial effects of optimal vitamin D status on metabolic control and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients require higher vitamin D levels in order to achieve good metabolic control and favorable antioxidant protection. Since protein damage is more pronounced in these patients, adding water-soluble antioxidant in addition to higher doses of vitamin D should be considered.
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Pereira, Katily Luize Garcia, Daniela Aparecida de Castro Nizio, Paulo Cesar Nogueira de Lima, Roberta Pereira Miranda Fernandes, Maria de Fatima Arrigoni-Blank, Jose Carlos Freitas de Sá Filho, Luis Fernando de Andrade Nascimento, Vinicius Trindade de Souza, Kleiton Paulo Silva, and Arie Fitzgerald Blank. "Seasonal variance in the chemical composition of essential oils from Lantana camaraaccessions and their trypanocidal activity on Phytomonas serpens." Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas 21, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 737–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.22.21.6.45.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal variance of the content and chemical composition of the essential oil from Lantana camaraaccessions at two harvest times, and to analyze the trypanocidal activity on Phytomonas serpens. Essential oil content ranged from 0.13 to 0.29% in the rainy season and from 0.13 to 0.33% in the dryseason. The compounds E-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-curcumene and germacrene D defined the formation of four chemical clusters in the rainy and dry seasons, classified as: Cluster 1 (E-caryophyllene + germacrene D); Cluster 2 (germacrene D + E-caryophyllene); Cluster 3 (α-humulene + E-caryophyllene); and Cluster 4 (α-curcumene + E-caryophyllene). All L. camaraessential oils, representing the four chemical clusters, inhibited P. serpenswith low concentrations, considering the following IC50values: 18.34±6.60 μg/mL (LAC-018, Cluster 1); 9.14±3.87 μg/mL (LAC-027, Cluster 2); 14.56±3.40 μg/mL (LAC-037, Cluster 3); and 14.97±2.68 μg/mL (LAC-019, Cluster 4).
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Cong, Rui, and Hailong Wang. "Prediction of Evolution and Development Trend in Sports Industry Cluster Based on Particle Swarm Optimization." Scientific Programming 2021 (December 26, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7607623.
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Sports industry cluster refers to the economic phenomenon that sports related enterprises gather in a large number in a specific area. For the sports enterprises in the cluster, they can obtain huge competitive advantages through enterprise agglomeration, thus obtaining better development and rich economic benefits. The optimization of particle swarm optimization is interlinked with the agglomeration of industrial clusters. Therefore, in view of the limitation of the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm-diaphragm particle swarm optimization (D-PSO) was proposed and used to simulate the formation of sports industry clusters. D-PSO introduces the cell membrane processing mechanism of the biological system into the PSO algorithm, which improves the ability of the PSO algorithm to get rid of local extremum points. The competitiveness value of the sports industry cluster is the value of the objective function solved by the D-PSO algorithm. The geographical coordinates of the industrial cluster were the locations in the particle search space of the D-PSO algorithm. The D-PSO algorithm is used to simulate the aggregation process of enterprises in the cluster. Compared with the standard PSO, the D-PSO algorithm has better convergence performance and optimal rate. The results of case analysis show that the proposed method can effectively predict the development trend of sports industrial clusters.
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Pilla, Ravi Thej, and Ethayaraja Mani. "Competing effects of rotational diffusivity and activity on finite-sized clusters." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 24 (April 13, 2022): 245101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac6137.
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Abstract Colloidal particles interacting via short-range attraction and long-range repulsion are known to stabilize finite-sized clusters under equilibrium conditions. In this work, the effect of self-propulsion speed (activity) and rotational diffusivity (D r) on the phase behavior of such particles is investigated using Brownian dynamics simulations. The system exhibits rich phase behavior consisting of clusters of different kinds. The cluster size varies non-monotonically with activity: increasing first and decreasing at higher activity, thus driving cluster-to-fluid phase transition. Rotational diffusivity also facilitates the formation of clusters. Larger clusters could be stabilized at low D r values while at high D r values, clusters are stable even at higher activities. The analysis of the static structure factor of the system confirms that rotational diffusivity delays the cluster-to-fluid transition driven by activity.
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Zou, Teng, and Bin Zhu. "Finite Repetitive Generalized Cluster Complexes and d-Cluster Categories." Algebra Colloquium 20, no. 01 (January 16, 2013): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386713000114.
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For any positive integer n, we construct an n-repetitive generalized cluster complex (a simplicial complex) associated with a given finite root system by defining a compatibility degree on the n-repetitive set of the colored root system. This simplicial complex includes Fomin-Reading's generalized cluster complex as a special case when n=1. We also introduce the intermediate coverings (called generalized d-cluster categories) of d-cluster categories of hereditary algebras, and study the d-cluster tilting objects and their endomorphism algebras in those categories. In particular, we show that the endomorphism algebras of d-cluster tilting objects in the generalized d-cluster categories provide the (finite) coverings of the corresponding (usual) d-cluster tilted algebras. Moreover, we prove that the generalized d-cluster categories of hereditary algebras of finite representation type provide a category model for the n-repetitive generalized cluster complexes.
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KIM, Y. E., M. RABINOWITZ, G. S. CHULICK, and R. A. RICE. "THEORIES OF CLUSTER-IMPACT FUSION WITH ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR CLUSTER BEAMS." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 06 (March 10, 1991): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991000502.
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Apparently disparate experimental results have been obtained for deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion products from the impact of atomic and molecular cluster beams on deuterated targets. Unexpectedly high fusion rates observed with beams of D 2 O clusters in the energy range 10–1000 eV per deuteron have been a formidable challenge to theoretical physics with previous attempts to explain these surprisingly high yields being unsuccessful. A further challenge exists because the resultant models also do not explain why fusion is not observed in similar experiments with beams of D clusters. We present a theory in which heavy atomic partners in the molecule play a vital role in producing the observed rates, and which can also explain the apparently conflicting experimental results.
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Gleason, J., D. Case, S. Rapp, E. Ip, M. Naughton, J. Butler, K. McMullen, V. Stieber, P. Saconn, and E. Shaw. "Symptom clusters in newly-diagnosed brain tumor patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 8587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8587.
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8587 Background: A symptom cluster is 2 or more co-occurring symptoms. Patients with brain tumors experience disease and treatment-related symptoms that impact their health-related quality of life (QOL). Identifying symptom clusters will facilitate treatment and improve QOL outcomes. Methods: 66 patients were enrolled in a phase III, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of prophylactic d-methylphenidate (d-MPH) on QOL in newly diagnosed brain tumor patients receiving brain radiation therapy (RT). Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 13 years, primary or metastatic brain tumor, partial or whole brain RT with a total dose of ≥ 2,500 cGy in ≥ 10 fractions, KPS ≥ 70, and life expectancy ≥ 3 months. Patients received d-MPH 5–15 mg BID (or placebo) starting week 1 of RT and continuing for 8 weeks post-RT. QOL data were collected at baseline, the end of RT, and 4, 8, and 12 weeks following RT using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Symptom data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), and cluster analysis. Results: The study failed to show a treatment effect for d-MPH (Butler J et al, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Physics 63 [Supp1]:80, 2005).Thus, both d-MPH and placebo patients were analyzed together. 58 and 48 patients were analyzed at baseline and the end of RT, respectively. Two symptom clusters were identified using exploratory factor analysis and supported by MDS and cluster analysis: an expressive language cluster including difficulty reading, writing, and finding the right words, and a mood cluster including feeling sad, anxious, and having depressed mood. Conclusions: Two symptom clusters were identified in patients undergoing brain RT: an expressive language cluster and a mood cluster. This suggests that interventions that target both cognitive function and mood should be utilized. Further research on symptom clusters in cancer patients is needed. This study was supported by NCI grant 1 U10 CA81851. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Linden, S. T., A. S. Evans, K. Larson, G. C. Privon, L. Armus, J. Rich, T. Díaz-Santos, et al. "Massive Star Cluster Formation and Destruction in Luminous Infrared Galaxies in GOALS. II. An ACS/WFC3 Survey of Nearby LIRGs." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2892.
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Abstract We present the results of a Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 near-UV and Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel optical study into the star cluster populations of a sample of 10 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) in the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey. Through integrated broadband photometry we have derived ages, masses, and extinctions for a total of 1027 star clusters in galaxies with d L < 110 Mpc in order to avoid issues related to cluster bending. The measured cluster age distribution slope of dN / d τ ∝ τ − 0.5 + / − 0.12 is steeper than what has been observed in lower-luminosity star-forming galaxies. Further, differences in the slope of the observed cluster age distribution between inner- ( dN / d τ ∝ τ − 1.07 + / − 0.12 ) and outer-disk ( dN / d τ ∝ τ − 0.37 + / − 0.09 ) star clusters provide evidence of mass-dependent cluster destruction in the central regions of LIRGs driven primarily by the combined effect of strong tidal shocks and encounters with massive giant molecular clouds. Excluding the nuclear ring surrounding the Seyfert 1 nucleus in NGC 7469, the derived cluster mass function (CMF; dN / dM ∝ M α ) offers marginal evidence for a truncation in the power law at M t ∼ 2×106 M ⊙ for our three most cluster-rich sources, which are all classified as early stage mergers. Finally, we find evidence of a flattening of the CMF slope of dN / dM ∝ M − 1.42 ± 0.1 for clusters in late-stage mergers relative to early stage (α = −1.65 ± 0.02), which we attribute to an increase in the formation of massive clusters over the course of the interaction.
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Pacinelli, Elvia, Lei Wang, and Peter R. Reeves. "Relationship of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O Antigens IA, IIA, and IVB: the IIA Gene Cluster Was Derived from That of IVB." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 6 (June 2002): 3271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.6.3271-3276.2002.
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ABSTRACT O antigen is part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is highly polymorphic. In this study, we obtained sequences of the O-antigen gene clusters for the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis antigens IA, IIA, and IVB. We propose that the IIA gene cluster was derived from the IVB cluster, one of the very few cases in which a parent gene cluster is identified, and that the IA gene cluster could be a hybrid of the IVB and IB gene clusters. All three O antigens contain 6-deoxy-d-mannoheptose, and we identified six genes for the biosynthetic pathway for the precursor of this sugar, GDP-6-deoxy-d-mannoheptose.
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Tonry, John L. "Properties of cD Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 127 (1987): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900185080.
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cD galaxies are the most luminous galaxies in the universe. They are characterized by a surface brightness profile that falls off more slowly with radius than most elliptical galaxies. In most respects D galaxies are a continuous extrapolation from other ellipticals: their M/L and their colors are comparable to other ellipticals, their inner parts are fitted by an r1/4 law, and they follow the same relation between L and σ. On the other hand, their luminosity is too bright to be consistent with the luminosity function of other ellipticals and they are always found at the center of a cluster of other galaxies. Being at the center of a cluster of galaxies often endows D galaxies with a very faint, very extended halo of luminosity and multiple nuclei, but these are more properly associated with the cluster than the D galaxy itself. The connection between the formation of cD galaxies and the formation of clusters remains a mystery. It is still unresolved whether cDs are a byproduct of cluster evolution, whether they formed in parallel with clusters, or whether primeval D are galaxies the seed around which clusters accreted.
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Liu, Pin. "Lifting to Cluster-tilting Objects in Higher Cluster Categories." Algebra Colloquium 19, no. 04 (October 15, 2012): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386712000582.
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Let d > 1 be a positive integer. In this note, we consider the d-cluster-tilted algebras, i.e., algebras which appear as endomorphism rings of d-cluster-tilting objects in higher cluster categories (d-cluster categories). We show that tilting modules over such algebras lift to d-cluster-tilting objects in the corresponding higher cluster category.
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Amin, MF, M. Hasan, NCD Barma, MG Rasul, and MM Rahman. "Genetic diversity analysis in spring wheat (Triricum aestivum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 2 (September 11, 2014): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20414.
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Genetic divergences of 50 wheat lines were studied through Mohalanobiss D2 and principal component analysis for fourteen characters. Genotypes were grouped into four different clusters. Cluster II comprised maximum number of genotypes (twenty one) followed by cluster IV. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters I and III (12.29) indicating wide genetic diversity between these two clusters followed by the distance between cluster I and cluster II (8.28), and cluster III and cluster IV (7.97). The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster IV (4.193) followed by cluster I and cluster IV (4.339) and cluster II and cluster III(4.390) indicating that the genotypes of these clusters were genetically close. The intra cluster distance of all the four clusters was more or less low which indicated that the genotypes within the same cluster were closely related. The highest inter genotypic distance (0.9166) was observed between the genotypes G 40 and G 41and lowest (0.0993) between the genotypes G 22 and G 43. Among the characters, heading days, maturity days, plant height (cm), canopy temperature at vegetative stage, canopy temperature at grain filling stage, grain filling rate (g d-1m-2), 1000- grain weight (g), and grains spike-1 contributed most for divergence in the studied genotypes. Cluster I had the highest mean for grain yield (4711.2 kg/ha), grain filling rate (17.5 g d-1m-2), chlorophyll content at anthesis, and plant height (93 cm). Crosses between I & III, I & II, and III & IV have greater chances to generate more heterotic F1s. Considering magnitude of genetic distance, contribution of different traits toward the total divergence, magnitude of cluster means for different traits and performance the genotypes G10, G 11, G12, G35, G40, G48 of cluster I, G7 of cluster II, G41, G5,and G3 of cluster III and G46, G21 of cluster IV may be considered as good parents for future hybridization program to produce high yielding genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20414 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 189-196, June 2014
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ANDERSSON, M., L. HOLMGREN, and A. ROSÉN. "RHODIUM-CLUSTER REACTIVITY: STICKING PROBABILITIES OF SOME DIATOMIC MOLECULES." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96001236.
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The reactivity of neutral rhodium clusters towards D 2, N 2, O 2, CO , and NO has been investigated and the absolute sticking probability (S) of the first molecule on Rh 10– Rh 50 ( Rh 10– Rh 35 for D 2) was determined. For O 2, the absolute sticking probability of the second molecule was measured. The reactions were made under single-collision-like conditions where the clusters make only one or a few collisions with reactive gas molecules. All molecules but N 2 react with a high sticking probability on most cluster sizes. N 2 molecules adsorbed on clusters produced in a liquid-nitrogen-cooled cluster source, while cooling the cluster source did not significantly change S for the other molecules. The sticking probability of O 2 and NO on Rh n looked almost the same, monotonically increasing from 0.2/0.4 at n=10 to 0.8/0.9 at n=25, and the high S also remains for larger clusters. The sticking probability of CO shows small variations around S=0.6 over the entire size range. The sticking probability is somewhat lower for D 2 and substanitially lower for N 2 (also on cool clusters), and these two molecules display the most distinct variations in S as a function of cluster size, often with coinciding maxima and minima.
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H, Bando. "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may have Four Subtypes Beneficial for Adequate Treatment." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2021/asjbccr.6226.
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Diabetes includes various heterogeneous factors. Similar to subtypes of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may show four subtype clusters. They are cluster A: severe insulin-deficient diabetes, B: severe insulin-resistant diabetes, C: mild obesity-related diabetes, and D: mild age-related diabetes. Comparing them, the prevalence of nephropathy and cardiovascular events was highest in the cluster A. Reference data are i) the ratio of cluster A-D is 18.7%, 23.7%, 21.1%, 36.4%, ii) HbA1c for A-D is 11.05%, 8.17%, 8.49%, 7.95%, iii) event ratio of MACE is 14.4%, 10.6%, 11.4%, 9.1%. Future diabetic treatment is hopefully provided suitable for each subtype.
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Xie, Hong-Bin, and Jonas Elm. "Tri-Base Synergy in Sulfuric Acid-Base Clusters." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101260.
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Synergistic effects between different bases can greatly enhance atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA)-base cluster formation. However, only the synergy between two base components has previously been investigated. Here, we extend this concept to three bases by studying large atmospherically relevant (SA)3(base)3 clusters, with the bases ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). Using density functional theory—ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p)—we calculate the cluster structures and vibrational frequencies. The thermochemical parameters are calculated at 29,815 K and 1 atm, using the quasi-harmonic approximation. The binding energies of the clusters are calculated using high level DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ. We find that the cluster stability in general depends on the basicity of the constituent bases, with some noteworthy additional guidelines: DMA enhances the cluster stability, TMA decreases the cluster stability and there is high synergy between DMA and EDA. Based on our calculations, we find it highly likely that three, or potentially more, different bases, are involved in the growth pathways of sulfuric acid-base clusters.
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Barkhouse, W. A., H. K. C. Yee, and O. López-Cruz. "Photometric Properties of Low-Redshift Galaxy Clusters." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 201 (2005): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900216549.
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A recent comprehensive photometric survey of 45 low-z X-ray selected Abell clusters (López-Cruz 1997) has measured significant variations in the faint end slope of the luminosity function (LF). This result indicates that dwarf galaxies (dGs) comprise a different fraction of the cluster population as a function cluster environment. Clusters having a central “cD-like” galaxy have a flatter faint end slope than non-cD clusters. Also, cD clusters were found to have a dwarf-to-giant ratio (D/ G) which was smaller than non-cD clusters. López-Cruz et al. (1997) has suggested that the light contained in cD envelopes can be accounted for by assuming that it is produced from stars that originally formed dGs. In this simple model, the D/ G would be expected to increase with radial distance from the cluster centre due to the decrease in the disruptive forces.
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MORIMOTO, HISAO, and TORU MAEKAWA. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CLUSTER STRUCTURES FORMED BY DIPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920100543x.
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We developed a statistical model of the cluster formation of ferromagnetic particles and analysed the cluster structures. We investigated the effect of the control parameter λ, that is, the ratio of magnetic dipole moment energy to thermal energy, and external magnetic fields on the fractal dimensions of three-dimensional ferromagnetic clusters. We found that the fractal dimension of clusters, D, changes from 5/3 to 2 as λ increases in the absence of a magnetic field. We also found that when clusters are subjected to a magnetic field, the fractal dimension decreases and the transition region from high fractal dimension to D=1 becomes shorter as λ increases.
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Wiedmann, Martin, Denise Weilmeier, Sean S. Dineen, Robert Ralyea, and Kathryn J. Boor. "Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization ofPseudomonas spp. Isolated from Milk." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 2085–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.2085-2095.2000.
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ABSTRACT Putative Pseudomonas spp. isolated predominantly from raw and processed milk were characterized by automated ribotyping and by biochemical reactions. Isolates were biochemically profiled using the Biolog system and API 20 NE and by determining the production of proteases, lipases, and lecithinases for each isolate. Isolates grouped into five coherent clusters, predominated by the species P. putida (cluster A), P. fluorescens (cluster B), P. fragi (as identified by Biolog) or P. fluorescens (as identified by API 20 NE) (cluster C), P. fragi (as identified by Biolog) or P. putida (as identified by API 20 NE) (cluster D), and P. fluorescens (cluster E). Isolates within each cluster also displayed similar enzyme activities. Isolates in clusters A, C, and D were generally negative for all three enzyme activities; isolates in cluster B were predominantly positive for all three enzyme activities; and isolates in cluster E were negative for lecithinase but predominantly positive for protease and lipase activities. Thus, only isolates from clusters B and E produced enzyme activities associated with dairy product flavor defects. Thirty-eight ribogroups were differentiated among the 70 isolates. Ribotyping was highly discriminatory for dairy Pseudomonas isolates, with a Simpson's index of discrimination of 0.955. Isolates of the same ribotype were never classified into different clusters, and ribotypes within a given cluster generally showed similar ribotype patterns; thus, specific ribotype fragments may be useful markers for tracking the sources of pseudomonads in dairy production systems. Our results suggest that ribogroups are generally homogeneous with respect to nomenspecies and biovars, confirming the identification potential of ribotyping forPseudomonas spp.
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Dugas, Alex. "Periodicity of d-cluster-tilted algebras." Journal of Algebra 368 (October 2012): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2012.05.025.
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Ahammed, A. U., M. M. Rahman, and M. A. K. Mian. "MUTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN STEM AMARANTH (Amaranthus tricolor)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 26, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19979.
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The genetic divergence among 22 genotypes of stem amaranth was estimated using D² and Principal Component Analysis. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Cluster I, II, III and IV composed of two, four, seven and nine genotypes in succession. No relationship was found between divergence and geographic distribution of the genotypes. Maximum inter cluster distance (12.326) was observed between cluster I and III and it was minimum (3.526) between cluster I and II. The crosses between the genotypes of cluster I with that of cluster III and cluster II with cluster III would exhibit high heterosis and also likely to produce new recombinants with desired characters in stem amaranth. The yield contributing characters were leaves per plant, petiole length, stem diameter, leaf weight per plant and stem weight per plant. Leaf width, petiole length and 1000 seed weight showed maximum contribution to the total divergence. The results obtained by D² analysis were confirmed by Principal Component Analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19979
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Ullah, MZ, L. Hassan, T. Singha, and AK Patwary. "Genetic divergence in tomato lines (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, no. 1 (July 14, 2016): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28715.
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Twenty genotypes of tomato were assessed for their genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2statistics. Based on D2 values of eleven yield related characters, genotypes were grouped in to five clusters. Maximum genotypes were grouped in cluster II (6) followed by cluster IV (5) the remaining 9 genotypes were distributed in three clusters, four in cluster III, three in cluster I and two genotypes in cluster V. Clustering pattern indicated that there was no association between geographical distribution of genotypes and genetic divergence. The mean intra and inter cluster distance (D) revealed that cluster I had highest intra cluster distance (0.979), while the inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster III and I (13.546) followed by III and V (11.218). The characters like plant height, fruit weight, fruits per plant contributed maximum to genetic divergence.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 61-64, June 2015
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Matsumoto, Hideyuki, Ko Kobayakawa, Reiko Kobayakawa, Takuya Tashiro, Kenji Mori, Hitoshi Sakano, and Kensaku Mori. "Spatial Arrangement of Glomerular Molecular-Feature Clusters in the Odorant-Receptor Class Domains of the Mouse Olfactory Bulb." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 6 (June 2010): 3490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00035.2010.
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The glomerular layer of the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) forms odorant receptor (OR) maps. Each OR map is structurally and functionally compartmentalized into zones (dorsal and ventral) and domains (DI and DII in the dorsal zone). We previously reported that glomeruli with similar molecular receptive range properties formed molecular feature clusters at stereotypical positions in the rat OB. However, the spatial arrangement of the molecular feature clusters with regard to the OR zones and domains has not been systematically examined. In this study, we optically mapped the molecular feature clusters of glomeruli within the domain and zone framework of the OB using domain-visible class II GFP transgenic mice. In all mice examined, fatty acid-responsive cluster A was located in the lateral part of domain DI, whereas clusters B, C, and D were arranged in an anterior to posterior order within domain DII. We also found a new cluster of glomeruli that respond to fox odor trimethyl-thiazoline and its structural analogs (heterocyclic odorants that contain sulfur and nitrogen atoms within the ring). This cluster (named cluster J) was located posterior to cluster D within the DII domain. These results show that molecular feature clusters correspond to specific subsets of glomeruli in selective domains of the OR map, suggesting that the molecular feature clusters represent specific ORs that have similar molecular receptive range properties and functional roles.
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Chiapponi, Chiara, Silvia Faccini, Alice Fusaro, Ana Moreno, Alice Prosperi, Marianna Merenda, Laura Baioni, et al. "Detection of a New Genetic Cluster of Influenza D Virus in Italian Cattle." Viruses 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2019): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121110.
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Influenza D virus (IDV) has been increasingly reported all over the world. Cattle are considered the major viral reservoir. Based on the hemagglutinin-esterase (HEF) gene, three main genetic and antigenic clusters have been identified: D/OK distributed worldwide, D/660 detected only in the USA and D/Japan in Japan. Up to 2017, all the Italian IDV isolates belonged to the D/OK genetic cluster. From January 2018 to May 2019, we performed virological surveillance for IDV from respiratory outbreaks in 725 bovine farms in Northern Italy by RT-PCR. Seventy-four farms were positive for IDV. A full or partial genome sequence was obtained from 29 samples. Unexpectedly, a phylogenetic analysis of the HEF gene showed the presence of 12 strains belonging to the D/660 cluster, previously unreported in Europe. The earliest D/660 strain was collected in March 2018 from cattle imported from France. Moreover, we detected one viral strain with a reassortant genetic pattern (PB2, PB1, P42, HEF and NP segments in the D/660 cluster, whilst P3 and NS segments in the D/OK cluster). These results confirm the circulation of IDV in the Italian cattle population and highlight the need to monitor the development of the spreading of this influenza virus in order to get more information about the epidemiology and the ecology of IDV viruses.
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Chatterjee, Tapan K. "Analytical Binary Modeling and its Role in Dynamics." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S240 (August 2006): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307006084.
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Binaries are critical tools that drive stellar systems; which play a major role in galactic dynamics. Internal evolution of globular clusters, e.g., due to evolution of binaries, can be modulated by external effects, like tidal shocks (e.g., Chernoff & Weinberg 1990). There are well-established relations between dynamical properties of globular clusters and their galactrocentric distance, R(g). A characteristic one is: D(1/2) ≈ [R(g)]1/2, where D(1/2) is the diameter containing half the mass / luminosity in projection (van den Bergh et al. 1991). This relation could be a result of tidal evaporation of clusters and feedback of forming protoclusters (Surdin, 1995). A similar limitation of globular cluster distributions is obtained in the half-mass density kinetic temperature plot and used in many cluster formation scenarios (Muray & Lin 1992). This relationship should have an explanation on the basis of dynamic evolution of the cluster population.
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Filipow, Nicole, Gwyneth Davies, Eleanor Main, Neil J. Sebire, Colin Wallis, Felix Ratjen, and Sanja Stanojevic. "Unsupervised phenotypic clustering for determining clinical status in children with cystic fibrosis." European Respiratory Journal 58, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 2002881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02881-2020.
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BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease in which the assessment of disease severity based on lung function alone may not be appropriate. The aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive machine-learning algorithm to assess clinical status independent of lung function in children.MethodsA comprehensive prospectively collected clinical database (Toronto, Canada) was used to apply unsupervised cluster analysis. The defined clusters were then compared by current and future lung function, risk of future hospitalisation, and risk of future pulmonary exacerbation treated with oral antibiotics. A k-nearest-neighbours (KNN) algorithm was used to prospectively assign clusters. The methods were validated in a paediatric clinical CF dataset from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH).ResultsThe optimal cluster model identified four (A–D) phenotypic clusters based on 12 200 encounters from 530 individuals. Two clusters (A and B) consistent with mild disease were identified with high forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and low risk of both hospitalisation and pulmonary exacerbation treated with oral antibiotics. Two clusters (C and D) consistent with severe disease were also identified with low FEV1. Cluster D had the shortest time to both hospitalisation and pulmonary exacerbation treated with oral antibiotics. The outcomes were consistent in 3124 encounters from 171 children at GOSH. The KNN cluster allocation error rate was low, at 2.5% (Toronto) and 3.5% (GOSH).ConclusionMachine learning derived phenotypic clusters can predict disease severity independent of lung function and could be used in conjunction with functional measures to predict future disease trajectories in CF patients.
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Horbal, Liliya, Marc Stierhof, Anja Palusczak, Nikolas Eckert, Josef Zapp, and Andriy Luzhetskyy. "Cyclofaulknamycin with the Rare Amino Acid D-capreomycidine Isolated from a Well-Characterized Streptomyces albus Strain." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081609.
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Targeted genome mining is an efficient method of biosynthetic gene cluster prioritization within constantly growing genome databases. Using two capreomycidine biosynthesis genes, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent arginine beta-hydroxylase and pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase, we identified two types of clusters: one type containing both genes involved in the biosynthesis of the abovementioned moiety, and other clusters including only arginine hydroxylase. Detailed analysis of one of the clusters, the flk cluster from Streptomyces albus, led to the identification of a cyclic peptide that contains a rare D-capreomycidine moiety for the first time. The absence of the pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase gene in the flk cluster is compensated by the XNR_1347 gene in the S. albus genome, whose product is responsible for biosynthesis of the abovementioned nonproteinogenic amino acid. Herein, we report the structure of cyclofaulknamycin and the characteristics of its biosynthetic gene cluster, biosynthesis and bioactivity profile.
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Fallavier, M., R. Kirsch, J. C. Poizat, J. Remillieux, H. Rothard, and J. P. Thomas. "Upper limits on (d,d) fusion yields under Cluster impact." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 88, no. 1-2 (April 1994): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)96090-9.
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Liping, Zhang, and Yang Huiya. "Research on Innovation Performance of VR and Tobacco Industrial Cluster Based on Structural Equation Model." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 6 (November 3, 2021): 5755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.58.
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As a traditional industry, the tobacco industry is an important part of the national economy and has an important position in meeting social consumption demand and increasing national and local fiscal revenue. And VR industry, as an emerging industrial economy, can effectively empower the development of tobacco industry. To further promote the development of VR and tobacco industry clusters and optimize the industrial structure, this paper constructs a conceptual model of the factors influencing the innovation performance of VR and tobacco industry clusters from a social network perspective based on the triple helix theory. Structural equation method and data of relevant companies of VR and tobacco industry in Nanchang is used to study the influencing factors of their innovation performance, and further examines the influence mechanism of R&D investment, government behavior and cluster atmosphere on innovation performance of these two industrial clusters. The results show that R&D investment, government behavior and cluster atmosphere have positive effects on innovation performance of Nanchang VR and tobacco industry cluster. The conclusions of this paper enrich the influencing factors of cluster innovation performance and expand the scope of innovation performance theory in the context of VR and tobacco industrial cluster.
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Aguena, M., C. Benoist, L. N. da Costa, R. L. C. Ogando, J. Gschwend, H. B. Sampaio-Santos, M. Lima, et al. "The WaZP galaxy cluster sample of the dark energy survey year 1." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 4435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab264.
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ABSTRACT We present a new (2+1)D galaxy cluster finder based on photometric redshifts called Wavelet Z Photometric (WaZP) applied to DES first year (Y1A1) data. The results are compared to clusters detected by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey and the redMaPPer cluster finder, the latter based on the same photometric data. WaZP searches for clusters in wavelet-based density maps of galaxies selected in photometric redshift space without any assumption on the cluster galaxy populations. The comparison to other cluster samples was performed with a matching algorithm based on angular proximity and redshift difference of the clusters. It led to the development of a new approach to match two optical cluster samples, following an iterative approach to minimize incorrect associations. The WaZP cluster finder applied to DES Y1A1 galaxy survey (1511.13 deg2 up to mi = 23 mag) led to the detection of 60 547 galaxy clusters with redshifts 0.05 < z < 0.9 and richness Ngals ≥ 5. Considering the overlapping regions and redshift ranges between the DES Y1A1 and SPT cluster surveys, all sz based SPT clusters are recovered by the WaZP sample. The comparison between WaZP and redMaPPer cluster samples showed an excellent overall agreement for clusters with richness Ngals (λ for redMaPPer) greater than 25 (20), with 95 per cent recovery on both directions. Based on the cluster cross-match, we explore the relative fragmentation of the two cluster samples and investigate the possible signatures of unmatched clusters.
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Aries, James, Sarah Charrot, Jennifer Ball, Matthew Mee, Symeon Theocharidis, Sofie Van Gassen, Sameena Iqbal, John G. Gribben, and Jeff Davies. "Integrated Immune Signature Analyses Identifies Evolution of Distinct Immunoregulatory Cell Populations Which Control Alloreactivity after Allogeneic HSCT." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124875.
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Background. Treatment failure after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHST) using reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) results from too much alloreactivity and harmful acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD). Studies have identified many reconstituting immune cell subsets associated with development of clinical alloreactivity but the functionally dominant parameters at different time-points remain unknown. We therefore used mass cytometry (MS) to simultaneously assess multiple alloreactive and immunoregulatory cell populations to identify dominant immune reconstitution signatures associated with subsequent development of aGvHD after AHST. Methods. Phenotypic markers identifying more than 30 immune cell subsets known to influence alloreactivity were combined in a single MS panel. Peripheral blood from 58 patients with haematological cancers was analysed after T-replete HLA-matched RIC-AHST using uniform conditioning. Normalization of individual test samples spiked with CD45-barcoded healthy control cells was used to reduce batch effects. Complementary high-dimensional analytic tools were used to generate cellular profiles across the whole cohort and identify differences between patients grouped by subsequent development of aGVHD. Results. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified 40 phenotypically distinct T, B and NK cell clusters post-transplant. Significant batch effects were effectively reduced with a novel R-based algorithm normalising data to control cells. Cluster diversity analysis early post-transplant demonstrated lower cluster diversity in patients who subsequently developed aGvHD consistent with perturbation of phenotypic clusters in these patients. Two specific clusters were significantly different in abundance at D+30 in patients who went on to develop aGvHD and those who remained aGVHD-free. A cluster with a CD56brightCD16negCD27+/- regulatory NK cell (NKreg) phenotype was reduced in patients going on to develop aGvHD using both Phenograph and FlowSOM algorithms (p=0.001). These findings were validated by forward analysis using the CITRUS algorithm, revealing a similar differentiating cell population. CD56bright NKreg reconstitution was independent of CMV reactivation and did not impede reconstitution of WT1 and PR1 tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells. The reduction in NKreg in patients who subsequently developed aGvHD was accompanied by a significant increase in alloreactive CCR5+CD45RA-CCR7- CD4 effector memory T cells (Tem). We next used correlation analysis of cluster abundance across the whole cohort to identify all clusters contributing to the immune 'regulome' (those inversely correlated with alloreactive CD4 EM and/or CD8 EM T cell clusters). Notably, at D+30 the regulome consisted of 4 phenotypically distinct CD56bright NKreg clusters and a CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) cluster, but not FOXP3+ CD4 regulatory T cells (Treg), Figure 1A Both the identity of differentiating clusters between patients subsequently developing aGVHD and those who remained aGvHD-free, and the dominant constituents of the regulome changed over time. By D+60 a CD56bright NKreg cluster (with a distinct phenotype to the differentiating cluster identified at D+30) and a DP T cell cluster were significantly reduced in patients subsequently developing aGvHD. The D+60 regulome consisted of multiple distinct CD56bright clusters, a DP T cell cluster and CD4 Treg, Figure 1B. Importantly by D+90 the immune regulome consisted of a reduced number of CD56bright NKreg clusters and increasing dominance of CD4Treg, Figure 1C. Conclusion. We show proof-of-concept that a novel acquisition and analysis pipeline can be applied to MS data to identify multiple immunoregulatory cells after AHST that contribute to the control of reconstituting alloreactive T cells. This approach identified a loss of NK cell-mediated control of alloreactive CD4 Tem cells as the dominant immune process preceding the development of aGvHD early post-transplant. Importantly, we show that specific immunoregulatory subsets are dominant at different time-points, with increasing influence of DP T cells and CD4 Treg at later time points. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the dynamic pattern of control of alloreactivity over time and show that strategies to expand or potentiate immunoregulatory cells to prevent aGvHD should be time-dependent. Disclosures Gribben: Acerta/Astra Zeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Cheniaux, Elie, Rafael de Assis da Silva, Cristina M. T. Santana, Antonio Egidio Nardi, and Alberto Filgueiras. "Mood versus energy/activity symptoms in bipolar disorder: which cluster of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale better distinguishes between mania, depression, and euthymia?" Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 41, no. 4 (October 2019): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0116.
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Abstract Introduction Although bipolar disorder (BD) is traditionally included among mood disorders, some authors believe that changes in energy and motor activity, rather than mood changes, represent the true cardinal symptoms in mania and depression. The aim of the current study was to identify which cluster of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) better distinguishes between mania, depression and euthymia. Method A group of 106 patients with BD were followed for 13 years and repeatedly assessed with the HAM-D as well as with other clinical scales. To perform a comparison, HAM-D items were classified according to clinical criteria into three clusters: energy/activity symptoms, mood symptoms, and other symptoms. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were performed to provide a test information curve for those three clusters. We measured the prevalence of one cluster of symptoms over the other two throughout the latent trait. Results Considering HAM-D items individually, the IRT analysis revealed that there was a mixture of mood and energy/activity symptoms among the most discriminative items, both in depression and in euthymia. However, in mania, only energy/activity symptoms – i.e., general somatic symptoms and retardation – were among the most informative items. Considering the classification of items, both in depression as in mania, the energy/activity cluster was more informative than the mood cluster according to the IRT analysis. Conclusion Our data reinforce the view of hyperactivity and motor retardation as cardinal changes of mania and depression, respectively.
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Rahman, Md Zahidur, and M. Oliur Rahman. "Morphometric analysis of Desmodium Desv. in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (January 21, 2013): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13438.
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Phenetic analysis based on morphological characters is presented for 14 species of Desmodium Desv. in Bangladesh. This study examines patterns of morphological similarity and variation within Desmodium using 36 floral and vegetative characters. D. heterophyllum shows highest similarity with D. triflorum among the species employed. UPGMA dendrogram is constructed based on cluster analysis which reveals two major clusters, the first of which consists of seven species while the second cluster comprises six species, and D. microphyllum is found far from all other species. The presence of winged petioles distinguishes D. alatum and D. auriculatum from the other species. The present study shows the application of morphometric analysis for understanding the phenetic relationships among the species of Desmodium. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13438 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 143-148, 2012 (December)
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Lucey, J. R., R. Guzman, D. Carter, and R. J. Terlevich. "New D - results for Coma cluster ellipticals." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 253, no. 4 (December 15, 1991): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/253.4.584.
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Buchmann,1, A. J., Georg Wagner,2, and Amand Faessler1. "d′dibaryon in a colored cluster model." Physical Review C 57, no. 6 (June 1998): 3340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.57.3340.
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Herschend, Martin, Peter Jørgensen, and Laertis Vaso. "Wide subcategories of $d$-cluster tilting subcategories." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 2281–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8051.
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Jones, J. P., W. F. Jones, F. Kehren, D. F. Newport, J. H. Reed, M. W. Lenox, K. Baker, L. G. Byars, C. Michel, and M. E. Casey. "SPMD Cluster-Based Parallel 3-D OSEM." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 50, no. 5 (October 2003): 1498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2003.817960.
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Jiang, Jianping, Sanguo Zhang, and Tiande Guo. "Russo's Formula, Uniqueness of the Infinite Cluster, and Continuous Differentiability of Free Energy for Continuum Percolation." Journal of Applied Probability 48, no. 03 (September 2011): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200008184.
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A new formula for continuum percolation on the Euclidean space R d (d ≥ 2), which is analogous to Russo's formula for bond or site percolation, is proved. Using this formula, we prove the equivalence between uniqueness of the infinite cluster and continuous differentiability of the mean number of clusters per Poisson point (or free energy). This yields a new proof for uniqueness of the infinite cluster since the continuous differentiability of free energy has been proved by Bezuidenhout, Grimmett and Löffler (1998); a consequence of this new proof gives the continuity of connectivity functions.
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Wagner, Franz F., Birgit Ladewig, Katharina S. Angert, Guido A. Heymann, Nicole I. Eicher, and Willy A. Flegel. "The DAU allele cluster of the RHDgene." Blood 100, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-01-0320.
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Abstract Variant D occurs frequently in Africans. However, considerably lessRHD alleles have been described in this population compared with Europeans. We characterized 5 new RHD alleles, dubbedDAU-0 to DAU-4, that shared a T379M substitution and occurred in a cDe haplotype.DAU-1 to DAU-4 were detected in Africans with partial D phenotypes. They harbored one and 2 additional missense mutations, respectively, dispersed throughout the RhD protein. An anti-D immunization was found in DAU-3. DAU-0carrying T379M only was detected by screening European blood donors and expressed a normal D phenotype. Within the phylogeny of theRHD alleles, DAU formed an independent allele cluster, separate from the DIVa, weak D type 4, and Eurasian D clusters. The characterization of the RH phylogeny provided a framework for future studies on RH alleles. The identification of theDAU alleles increased the number of known partial D alleles in Africans considerably. DAU alleles may be a major cause of antigen D variability and anti-D immunization in patients of African descent.
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MEDEZINSKI, ELINOR, TOM BROADHURST, KEIICHI UMETSU, and DAN COE. "USING WEAK-LENSING DILUTION TO MEASURE LIGHT PROPERTIES OF A1689." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 17n20 (June 28, 2008): 1521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027916.
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Weak-lensing induced by clusters of galaxies can probe the total mass distribution out to the virial radius of the cluster, regardless of the nature of the mass or its dynamical state. To make a robust analysis, the cluster and background galaxy populations need to be separated. The E/S0 sequence of a cluster defines a boundary redward of which a reliable weak-lensing signal can be obtained from background galaxies, uncontaminated by the cluster. Below this limit, the signal is diluted by the proportion of unlensed cluster members. Employing deep Subaru and HST/ACS images of the massive cluster A1689, we use this dilution effect to carefully separate between the cluster members and the background, and thus derive the cluster light profile and luminosity functions to large radius. The light profile of A1689 is found to decline steadily to the limit of the data, r < 2 h−1 Mpc , with a constant slope, d log (L)/d log (r) = −1.12 ± 0.06. We derive a cluster luminosity function with a flat faint-end slope of α = −1.05 ± 0.07, nearly independent of radius and with no faint upturn to Mi′ < −12. The major advantage of this new approach is that no subtraction of far-field background counts is required.
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Barbarino, M., M. Warrens, A. Bonasera, D. Lattuada, W. Bang, H. J. Quevedo, F. Consoli, et al. "Thermal and log-normal distributions of plasma in laser driven Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 09 (September 2016): 1650063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500634.
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In this work, we explore the possibility that the motion of the deuterium ions emitted from Coulomb cluster explosions is highly disordered enough to resemble thermalization. We analyze the process of nuclear fusion reactions driven by laser–cluster interactions in experiments conducted at the Texas Petawatt laser facility using a mixture of D2+3He and CD4+3He cluster targets. When clusters explode by Coulomb repulsion, the emission of the energetic ions is “nearly” isotropic. In the framework of cluster Coulomb explosions, we analyze the energy distributions of the ions using a Maxwell–Boltzmann (MB) distribution, a shifted MB distribution (sMB), and the energy distribution derived from a log-normal (LN) size distribution of clusters. We show that the first two distributions reproduce well the experimentally measured ion energy distributions and the number of fusions from d–d and d-3He reactions. The LN distribution is a good representation of the ion kinetic energy distribution well up to high momenta where the noise becomes dominant, but overestimates both the neutron and the proton yields. If the parameters of the LN distributions are chosen to reproduce the fusion yields correctly, the experimentally measured high energy ion spectrum is not well represented. We conclude that the ion kinetic energy distribution is highly disordered and practically not distinguishable from a thermalized one.
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Singh, Ajeet, A. Shukla, and M. K. Gaidarov. "Cluster decay half-lives in trans-tin and transition metal region using RMF theory." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 49, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 025101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac3c4e.
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Abstract In the present work, we have studied the alpha-like clusters (8Be, 12C, 16O, 20Ne, and 24Mg) decay half-lives in the trans-tin region for (106–116Xe, 108–120Ba, 114–126Ce, and 118–128Nd) and in transition metal region for (156–166Hf, 158–172W, 160–174Os, 166–180Pt, and 170–182Hg) nuclei. These half-lives have been calculated using the shape parametrization model of cluster decay in conjunction with the axially deformed relativistic mean-field model with the NL3* parameter set. They are also compared with the half-lives computed using the latest empirical relations, namely universal decay law and the scaling law was given by Horoi et al. It has been observed that in the trans-tin region the minimum cluster decay half-lives are found at nearly doubly magic or doubly magic daughter 100Sn nucleus (N d = 50, N d is the neutron number of the daughter nucleus) and in transition metal region at N d = 82, which is a magic number. The Geiger–Nuttal plots of half-lives showing Q dependence for different alpha-like clusters from various cluster radioactive emitters are found to vary linearly.
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Northstone, Kate, Andrew D. A. C. Smith, P. K. Newby, and Pauline M. Emmett. "Longitudinal comparisons of dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in 7- to 13-year-old children." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 11 (October 15, 2012): 2050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512004072.
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Little is known about changes in dietary patterns over time. The present study aims to derive dietary patterns using cluster analysis at three ages in children and track these patterns over time. In all, 3 d diet diaries were completed for children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at 7, 10 and 13 years. Children were grouped based on the similarities between average weight consumed (g/d) of sixty-two food groups using k-means cluster analysis. A total of four clusters were obtained at each age, with very similar patterns being described at each time point: Processed (high consumption of processed foods, chips and soft drinks), Healthy (high consumption of high-fibre bread, fruit, vegetables and water), Traditional (high consumption of meat, potatoes and vegetables) and Packed Lunch (high consumption of white bread, sandwich fillings and snacks). The number of children remaining in the same cluster at different ages was reasonably high: 50 and 43 % of children in the Healthy and Processed clusters, respectively, at age 7 years were in the same clusters at age 13 years. Maternal education was the strongest predictor of remaining in the Healthy cluster at each time point – children whose mothers had the highest level of education were nine times more likely to remain in that cluster compared to those with the lowest. Cluster analysis provides a simple way of examining changes in dietary patterns over time, and similar underlying patterns of diet at two ages during late childhood, that persisted through to early adolescence.
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Liu, Wenhua, Wei Hu, Yan Liang, Qinghua Zhou, Kerong He, and Haiqing Wan. "The first-principles calculation on electronic transport properties of Al2N2 clusters." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 29 (November 20, 2018): 1850326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218503265.
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In this paper, we have studied the electronic transport behavior of the system formed by the Al2N2 cluster and the Al(100)-3 × 3 electrodes by using the first principle based on nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF). The total energies and the equilibrium conductances of the system are calculated at different distances between the clusters and the electrodes, and the results show that the equilibrium conductance is 0.1335 G0 and the total energy is the lowest at d = 2.8 Å (d means the distance between the Al2N2 cluster and the electrodes). When d increases, the equilibrium conductance decreases. In the bias voltage range of [−1 V, 1 V], the system has the electrical characteristics similar to the metal when the d is 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2 and 3.5 Å.
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Zabardasti, Abedien, Nahid Zare, Masoumeh Arabpour, Ali Kakanejadifard, and Mohammad Solimannejad. "Theoretical Study of Mixed Hydrogen and Dihydrogen Bond Interactions in Clusters." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/194836.
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Ab initio calculations were used to analyze interactions of with 1–4 molecules of NH3at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) and the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) computational levels. In addition to H3B–H⋯H–NH2dihydrogen bond, the H2N–H⋯NH3hydrogen bonds were also predicted in clusters. Negative cooperativity in clusters constructed from mixed H3B–H⋯H–NH2dihydrogen and H2N–H⋯NH3hydrogen bonds are more remarkable. The negative cooperativity increases with size and number of hydrogen bonds in cluster. The B–H stretching frequencies show blue shifts with respect to cluster formation. Greater blue shift in stretching frequencies was predicted for B–H bonds which did not contribute to dihydrogen bonding with NH3molecules. The structures were analyzed with the atoms in molecules (AIM) methodology.
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Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, and Yuji Sato. "An Empirical Study of Cluster-Based MOEA/D Bare Bones PSO for Data Clustering †." Algorithms 14, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14110338.
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Previously, cluster-based multi or many objective function techniques were proposed to reduce the Pareto set. Recently, researchers proposed such techniques to find better solutions in the objective space to solve engineering problems. In this work, we applied a cluster-based approach for solution selection in a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with bare bones particle swarm optimization for data clustering and investigated its clustering performance. In our previous work, we found that MOEA/D with BBPSO performed the best on 10 datasets. Here, we extend this work applying a cluster-based approach tested on 13 UCI datasets. We compared with six multiobjective evolutionary clustering algorithms from the existing literature and ten from our previous work. The proposed technique was found to perform well on datasets highly overlapping clusters, such as CMC and Sonar. So far, we found only one work that used cluster-based MOEA for clustering data, the hierarchical topology multiobjective clustering algorithm. All other cluster-based MOEA found were used to solve other problems that are not data clustering problems. By clustering Pareto solutions and evaluating new candidates against the found cluster representatives, local search is introduced in the solution selection process within the objective space, which can be effective on datasets with highly overlapping clusters. This is an added layer of search control in the objective space. The results are found to be promising, prompting different areas of future research which are discussed, including the study of its effects with an increasing number of clusters as well as with other objective functions.
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Gulde, Philipp, and Peter Rieckmann. "The Association Between Actigraphy-Derived Behavioral Clusters and Self-Reported Fatigue in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): e31164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31164.
Full textAbstract:
Background Persons with multiple sclerosis frequently report increased levels of fatigue and fatigability. However, behavioral surrogates that are strongly associated with self-reports are lacking, which limits research and treatment. Objective The aim of this study was to derive distinct behavioral syndromes that are reflected by self-reports concerning fatigue and fatigability. Methods We collected actigraphic data of 30 persons with multiple sclerosis over a period of 1 week during an inpatient stay at a neurorehabilitation facility. Further, participants completed the German fatigue severity scale. A principal component analysis of actigraphic parameters was performed to extract the latent component levels of behaviors that reflect fatigue (quantity of activity) and fatigability (fragmentation of activity). The resulting components were used in a cluster analysis. Results Analyses suggested 3 clusters, one with high activity (d=0.65-1.57) and low clinical disability levels (d=0.91-1.39), one with high levels of sedentary behavior (d=1.06-1.58), and one with strong activity fragmentation (d=1.39-1.94). The cluster with high levels of sedentary behavior further revealed strong differences from the other clusters concerning participants’ reported levels of fatigue (d=0.99-1.28). Conclusions Cluster analysis data proved to be feasible to meaningfully differentiate between different behavioral syndromes. Self-reports reflected the different behavioral syndromes strongly. Testing of additional domains (eg, volition or processing speed) and assessments during everyday life seem warranted to better understand the origins of reported fatigue symptomatology.
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Yang, Jie, Qingzheng Zhu, Feng Xu, Ming Yang, Hechao Du, Xiaoying Bian, Zhaoxin Lu, Yingjian Lu, and Fengxia Lu. "Genome Mining, Heterologous Expression, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Lipoamides and Amicoumacins from Compost-Associated Bacillus subtilis fmb60." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071892.
Full textAbstract:
Bacillus subtilis fmb60, which has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, was isolated from plant straw compost. A hybrid NRPS/PKS cluster was screened from the genome. Sixteen secondary metabolites produced by the gene cluster were isolated and identified using LC-HRMS and NMR. Three lipoamides D–F (1–3) and two amicoumacin derivatives, amicoumacins D, E (4, 5), were identified, and are reported here for the first time. Lipoamides D–F exhibited strong antibacterial activities against harmful foodborne bacteria, with the MIC ranging from 6.25 to 25 µg/mL. Amicoumacin E scavenged 38.8% of ABTS+ radicals at 1 mg/mL. Direct cloning and heterologous expression of the NRPS/PKS and ace gene cluster identified its importance for the biosynthesis of amicoumacins. This study demonstrated that there is a high potential for biocontrol utilization of B. subtilis fmb60, and genome mining for clusters of secondary metabolites of B. subtilis fmb60 has revealed a greater biosynthetic potential for the production of novel natural products than previously anticipated.