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Nakamura, Yuri, Ko Sato, Hideki Yamamoto, Kana Matsumura, Ikumi Matsumoto, Toshiki Nomura, Tomomitsu Miyasaka, et al. "Dectin-2 Deficiency Promotes Th2 Response and Mucin Production in the Lungs after Pulmonary Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02835-14.
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Dectin-2 is a C-type lectin receptor that recognizes high mannose polysaccharides.Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-form fungal pathogen, is rich in polysaccharides in its cell wall and capsule. In the present study, we analyzed the role of Dectin-2 in the host defense againstC. neoformansinfection. In Dectin-2 gene-disrupted (knockout) (Dectin-2KO) mice, the clearance of this fungus and the inflammatory response, as shown by histological analysis and accumulation of leukocytes in infected lungs, were comparable to those in wild-type (WT) mice. The production of type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokines in lungs was higher in Dectin-2KO mice than in WT mice after infection, whereas there was no difference in the levels of production of Th1, Th17, and proinflammatory cytokines between these mice. Mucin production was significantly increased in Dectin-2KO mice, and this increase was reversed by administration of anti-interleukin 4 (IL-4) monoclonal antibody (MAb). The levels of expression of β1-defensin, cathelicidin, surfactant protein A (Sp-A), and Sp-D in infected lungs were comparable between these mice. Inin vitroexperiments, IL-12p40 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and expression of CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages were completely abrogated in Dectin-2KO mice. Finally, the disrupted lysates ofC. neoformans, but not of whole yeast cells, activated Dectin-2-triggered signaling in an assay with nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cells expressing this receptor. These results suggest that Dectin-2 may oppose the Th2 response and IL-4-dependent mucin production in the lungs after infection withC. neoformans, and it may not be required for the production of Th1, Th17, and proinflammatory cytokines or for clearance of this fungal pathogen.
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Watts, S., J. M. Vogel, W. D. Harriman, T. Itoh, H. J. Stauss, and R. S. Goodenow. "DNA sequence analysis of the C3H H-2Kk and H-2Dk loci. Evolutionary relationships to H-2 genes from four other mouse strains." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 11 (December 1, 1987): 3878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.11.3878.
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Abstract We generated nucleotide sequences for H-2Kk and H-2Dk from the C3H mouse, as well as for a genomic clone of H-2Db, in order to conduct an evolutionary analysis of the H-2 genes from three haplotypes, k, d, and b. H-2Kk from both the C3H and AKR strains, H-2Kd, H-2Kb, H-2Dk, H-2Ld, H-2Dd, H-2Db, and H-2Dp DNA sequences were aligned, and the alignments used to construct phylogenetic trees inferring the evolutionary relationships among the nine genes by two independent methods. Both approaches yielded trees with similar topologies. In addition, the sequence alignments revealed patterns of nucleotide substitutions which implicate both point mutation and recombination in the divergence of the H-2 genes. Future considerations for evolutionary analysis of class I genes are discussed.
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KANG, DONG YEAP. "Sparse Highly Connected Spanning Subgraphs in Dense Directed Graphs." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 28, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 423–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548318000469.
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Mader proved that every strongly k-connected n-vertex digraph contains a strongly k-connected spanning subgraph with at most 2kn - 2k2 edges, where equality holds for the complete bipartite digraph DKk,n-k. For dense strongly k-connected digraphs, this upper bound can be significantly improved. More precisely, we prove that every strongly k-connected n-vertex digraph D contains a strongly k-connected spanning subgraph with at most kn + 800k(k + Δ(D)) edges, where Δ(D) denotes the maximum degree of the complement of the underlying undirected graph of a digraph D. Here, the additional term 800k(k + Δ(D)) is tight up to multiplicative and additive constants. As a corollary, this implies that every strongly k-connected n-vertex semicomplete digraph contains a strongly k-connected spanning subgraph with at most kn + 800k2 edges, which is essentially optimal since 800k2 cannot be reduced to the number less than k(k - 1)/2.We also prove an analogous result for strongly k-arc-connected directed multigraphs. Both proofs yield polynomial-time algorithms.
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Béghin, Cyril. "d video 2koi ?" Vertigo 40, no. 2 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ver.040.0035.
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Yum, Do-Young, Bong-Yong Lee, Dae-Hyum Hahm, and Jae-Gu Pan. "The yiaE Gene, Located at 80.1 Minutes on the Escherichia coli Chromosome, Encodes a 2-Ketoaldonate Reductase." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 22 (November 15, 1998): 5984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.22.5984-5988.1998.
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ABSTRACT An open reading frame located in the bisC-cspAintergenic region, or at 80.1 min on the Escherichia colichromosome, encodes a hypothetical 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, which was identified as a result of the E. coli Genome Sequencing Project. We report here that the product of the gene (yiaE) is a 2-ketoaldonate reductase (2KR). The gene was cloned and expressed with a C-terminal His tag in E. coli, and the protein was purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. The determination of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein defined the translational start site of this gene. The enzyme was found to be a 2KR catalyzing the reduction of 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate to 5-keto-d-gluconate, 2-keto-d-gluconate (2KDG) to d-gluconate, 2-keto-l-gulonate tol-idonate. The reductase was optimally active at pH 7.5, with NADPH as a preferred electron donor. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 69.4% identity with that of 2KR from Erwinia herbicola. Disruption of this gene on the chromosome resulted in the loss of 2KR activity in E. coli. E. coli W3110 was found to grow on 2KDG, whereas the mutant deficient in 2KR activity was unable to grow on 2KDG as the carbon source, suggesting that 2KR is responsible for the catabolism of 2KDG in E. coli and the diminishment of produced 2KDG from d-gluconate in the cultivation of E. coli harboring a cloned gluconate dehydrogenase gene.
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Stelljes, Matthias, Stella Robert, Karin Frebel, Corinna Opitz, Jennifer Urh, Claudia Dahrenmöller, Christine Baumgart, Jörn C. Albring, Carsten Müller-Tidow, and Wolfgang E. Berdel. "Ubiquitary Expressed Major Histocompatibility (MHC) Class I and Minor Histocompatibility Alloantigens (mHAg) Are No Relevant Targets For Graft-Versus-Tumor (GvT) Reactions In Mice After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3249.3249.
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Abstract Introduction Cell mediated GvT effects after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are heterogeneous with respect to effector cell populations, target antigens and their interrelation with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), as well as selectively or aberrantly expressed nonmutated antigens, represent potential targets for T cell-mediated GvT effects that are in principle separable from the generalized graft-versus-host reaction targeting widely expressed MHC alloantigens and mHAg. So far, it remains a matter of debate whether alloantigens ubiquitary expressed on tumor cells and normal host tissue are relevant targets of GvT responses. Methods To evaluate the role of MHC class I molecules and mHAg as targets for GvT reactions, we employed three different allogeneic parent-into-F1 murine transplant models (BALB/c [H-2d] or C57BL/6 [H-2b] → F1[BALB/c x C57BL/6] [H-2b/d] and BALB/c → F1[BALB/c x CBA/J] [H-2d/k]). As previously shown, these transplant models allow for separate variation in the histocompatibility between donor cells and normal host tissue on the one hand and between donor cells and tumor tissue on the other hand. Test tumors were the donor derived myeloma / leukemia cell lines MPC11 [H-2d] and C1498 [H-2b], which were stably transfected with MHC class I molecules H-2Kb, H-2Kd, H-2Kk or with the mHAg UTY. Results Compared with non-GvHD controls (F1[H-2b/d] mice transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow cells from BALB/c [H-2d] alone), significant GvT effects against the BALB/c derived tumor MPC11 occurred in F1[H-2b/d] recipients with severe GvHD (transplanted with bone marrow and additional splenic lymphocytes from BALB/c). Identical histocompatibility antigens of donor and tumor cells precluded allorecognition of tumor cells, leaving TAAs the only possible target antigens in this particular setting, with GvHD as a driving force for augmentation of tumor specific immune responses. The MPC11 myeloma [H-2d], stably transfected with the C57BL/6 derived MHC class I molecule H-2Kb (MPC11-Kb), showed similar tumor growth compared to the wild type MPC11 in F1[H-2b/d] mice transplanted from BALB/c donors. Similar results could be observed with the C57BL/6 derived C1498 leukemia [H-2b], transfected with the BALB/c MHC class I alloantigen H2Kd, in F1[H-2b/d] mice transplanted from C57BL/6 donors. In both experimental settings, the artificially expressed alloantigens H2Kb and H2Kd were also expressed ubiquitarily on tissues of F1[H-2b/d] recipients. In sharp contrast, MPC11 cells transfected with the CBA/J derived H2Kk (MPC11-Kk) alloantigen showed a significantly reduced tumor growth in F1[H-2b/d] recipients transplanted from BALB/c donors, demonstrating that MHC class I alloantigens are relevant targets, when expressed on tumors but not on healthy recipient tissue. Inoculation of MPC11-Kk in F1[H-2d/k] mice 3 or 7 days after transplantation from BALB/c donors showed a trend towards a reduced tumor growth compared to wild type MPC11 in recipients with severe GvHD. Later application of tumor cells (14 days after transplantation) showed similar growth pattern of both tumors, suggesting that MHC class I antigens might be GvT targets in the early phase after allogeneic transplantation. To evaluate the impact of ubiquitarily expressed mHAg, we established a C1498 cell line, which stably expressed UTY (C1498-UTY), a known immunogenic antigen of the male HY gene. In comparison with the wild type control, C1498-UTY showed similar tumor growth in male or female F1[H-2b/d] recipients, transplanted from naive female C57BL/6 donors. Immunization of female C57BL/6 donors with male splenocytes resulted in a significantly reduced tumor growth of the C1498-UTY in female F1[H-2b/d] recipients. In contrast, tumor growth of the UTY expressing and wild type C1498 was similar in male F1[H-2b/d] mice transplanted from immunized female C57BL/6 donors. Conclusion Our experimental data indicate that a biologically relevant GvT effect targeting MHC class I or mHAgs mainly occurs when these alloantigens are not ubiquitarily expressed, even in the context of severe GvHD. Consequently, TAAs and tissue- /hematopoietic specific antigens are most likely the main targets of GvT effects observed after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Zhou, Ruiqing, Xiaojun Xu, Huiqing He, Ziwen Guo, Xiaomin Niu, Weihua Li, Shuhua Lin, and Qifa Liu. "Preventative Effect of Glucolysis Inhibitor on Acute Graft Versus Host Disease in Mice after Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2424.2424.
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Abstract Background: T-cell activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Quiescent T cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, whereas activated T cells utilize glycolysis, so using glycolysis inhibitor may be a metabolically regulator needed to control T cells inducing GVHD. Glucolysis inhibitor 3-Bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA), a glucolysis inhibitor, can effectively induce multi-drug resistance leukemia cell lines apoptosis and enhance chemotherapy-induced cytotoxity to leukemia cells. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of glucolysis 3-BrPA inhibitor on aGVHD in mice after allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) and its mechanism. Methods: aGVHD model after allo-BMT was established by use of C57BL/6(H-2kb) mice as donors and BALB/c(H-2kd) mice as receptors. Bone marrow and/or spleen cells from donor mice were injected within 4h after total body irradiation (TBI) to receptor mice via tail vein. Drugs were administrated 1 h after the cells were injected as follows: (1) control: the TBI group without cells injection; (2) the BMT group with bone marrow cells injection; (3) the GVHD group with bone marrow and spleen cells injection; (4) the rap amycin group (RAPA, 20 nM/d×7d) with bone marrow and spleen cells injection; (5) the 3-BrPA group (3-BrPA, 50 nM/d×7d) with bone marrow and spleen cells injection; (6) the 3-BrPA(25 nM/d×7d) and rapamycin(10 nM/d) combination group with bone marrow and spleen cells injection. The transplanted mice were observed for symptoms of GVHD, survival time, survival rate and Thomas GVHD pathologic grade. H-2kb was determined in BALB/c(H-2kd) mice by flow cytometry (FCM) to confirm allogeneic chimeric rate, and serum level of cytokine was detected by protein microarray. Results: Allogeneic chimeric rates of survived mice determined at day 21 after transplantation ranged from 95% to100%, confirming complete donor mouse implantation. All mice in TBI group died within 14 d. Median survival time of mice was respectively 9.1, 20, 17.1 and 24.5 days in GVHD group , rapamycin group, 3-BrPA group and the combination of 3-BrPA and rapamycin group. Rapamycin group, 3-BrPA group and the combination of 3-BrPA and rapamycin group had increased median survival time than GVHD group, and mice received the combination of rapamycin and 3-BrPA had better survival than rapamycin or 3-BrPA group(n=10 for each group, P<0.01). GVHD-related symptoms scores of all the drug treated groups on 7-day and 14-day after transplantation were decreased compared to GVHD group (F=15.006, P<0.001). The cytokine arrays showed that the levels of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ increased and the levels of Th2-associated cytokines IL-4 deceased in the groups with drug treated compared to the GVHD group. Conclusions: In this study, the glycolysis inhibitor 3-BrPA has a significant inhibitory effect on GVHD, especially in combination with rapamycin. This effect might be achieved by regulating immune cells bias from Th1 cells towards Th2 cells. Disclosures Liu: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81270647, 81300445, 81200388): Research Funding; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2011AA020105): Research Funding; National Public Health Grand Research Foundation (201202017): Research Funding; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2012010009299): Research Funding; the project of health collaborative innovation of Guangzhou city (201400000003-4, 201400000003-1): Research Funding; the Technology Plan of Guangdong Province of China (2012B031800403): Research Funding; the project of the Zhujiang Science & Technology Star of Guangzhou city (2013027): Research Funding.
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Edera, L., and M. R. Pennington. "Estimating theI=3/2Kπ interaction in D decay." Physics Letters B 623, no. 1-2 (September 2005): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.07.030.
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Umezawa, Kiwamu, Kouta Takeda, Takuya Ishida, Naoki Sunagawa, Akiko Makabe, Kazuo Isobe, Keisuke Koba, et al. "A Novel Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent 2-Keto-d-Glucose Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aureofaciens." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 8 (February 2, 2015): 1322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02376-14.
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A gene encoding an enzyme similar to a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent sugar dehydrogenase from filamentous fungi, which belongs to new auxiliary activities (AA) family 12 in the CAZy database, was cloned fromPseudomonas aureofaciens. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme showed only low homology to previously characterized PQQ-dependent enzymes, and multiple-sequence alignment analysis showed that the enzyme lacks one of the three conserved arginine residues that function as PQQ-binding residues in known PQQ-dependent enzymes. The recombinant enzyme was heterologously expressed in anEscherichia coliexpression system for further characterization. The UV-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum of the oxidized form of the holoenzyme, prepared by incubating the apoenzyme with PQQ and CaCl2, revealed a broad peak at approximately 350 nm, indicating that the enzyme binds PQQ. With the addition of 2-keto-d-glucose (2KG) to the holoenzyme solution, a sharp peak appeared at 331 nm, attributed to the reduction of PQQ bound to the enzyme, whereas no effect was observed upon 2KG addition to authentic PQQ. Enzymatic assay showed that the recombinant enzyme specifically reacted with 2KG in the presence of an appropriate electron acceptor, such as 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, when PQQ and CaCl2were added.1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis of reaction products revealed 2-keto-d-gluconic acid (2KGA) as the main product, clearly indicating that the recombinant enzyme oxidizes the C-1 position of 2KG. Therefore, the enzyme was identified as a PQQ-dependent 2KG dehydrogenase (Pa2KGDH). Considering the high substrate specificity, the physiological function ofPa2KGDH may be for production of 2KGA.
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Kataoka, Naoya, Minenosuke Matsutani, Toshiharu Yakushi, and Kazunobu Matsushita. "Efficient Production of 2,5-Diketo-d-Gluconate via Heterologous Expression of 2-Ketogluconate Dehydrogenase in Gluconobacter japonicus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 10 (March 13, 2015): 3552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04176-14.
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ABSTRACT2,5-Diketo-d-gluconate (2,5DKG) is a compound that can be the intermediate ford-tartrate and also vitamin C production. AlthoughGluconobacter oxydansNBRC3293 produces 2,5DKG fromd-glucose viad-gluconate and 2-keto-d-gluconate (2KG), with accumulation of the product in the culture medium, the efficiency of 2,5DKG production is unsatisfactory because there is a large amount of residuald-gluconate at the end of the biotransformation process. Oxidation of 2KG to 2,5DKG is catalyzed by a membrane-bound flavoprotein-cytochromeccomplex: 2-keto-gluconate dehydrogenase (2KGDH). Here, we studied thekgdSLCgenes encoding 2KGDH inG. oxydansNBRC3293 to improve 2,5DKG production byGluconobacterspp. ThekgdS,kgdL, andkgdCgenes correspond to the small, large, and cytochrome subunits of 2KGDH, respectively. ThekgdSLCgenes were cloned into a broad-host-range vector carrying a DNA fragment of the putative promoter region of the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase gene ofG. oxydansfor expression inGluconobacterspp. According to our results, 2KGDH that was purified from the recombinantGluconobactercells showed characteristics nearly the same as those reported previously. We also expressed thekgdSLCgenes in a mutant strain ofGluconobacter japonicusNBRC3271 (formerlyGluconobacter dioxyacetonicusIFO3271) engineered to produce 2KG efficiently from a mixture ofd-glucose andd-gluconate. This mutant strain consumed almost all of the starting materials (d-glucose andd-gluconate) to produce 2,5DKG quantitatively as a seemingly unique metabolite. To our knowledge, this is the first report of aGluconobacterstrain that produces 2,5DKG efficiently and homogeneously.
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Lu, L., W. A. Rudert, S. Qian, D. McCaslin, F. Fu, A. S. Rao, M. Trucco, J. J. Fung, T. E. Starzl, and A. W. Thomson. "Growth of donor-derived dendritic cells from the bone marrow of murine liver allograft recipients in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor." Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.2.379.
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Allografts of the liver, which has a comparatively heavy leukocyte content compared with other vascularized organs, are accepted permanently across major histocompatibility complex barriers in many murine strain combinations without immunosuppressive therapy. It has been postulated that this inherent tolerogenicity of the liver may be a consequence of the migration and perpetuation within host lymphoid tissues of potentially tolerogenic donor-derived ("chimeric") leukocytes, in particular, the precursors of chimeric dendritic cells (DC). In this study, we have used granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor to induce the propagation of progenitors that give rise to DC (CD45+, CD11c+, 33D1+, nonlymphoid dendritic cell 145+, major histocompatibility complex class II+, B7-1+) in liquid cultures of murine bone marrow cells. Using this technique, together with immunocytochemical and molecular methods, we show that, in addition to cells expressing female host (C3H) phenotype (H-2Kk+; I-E+; Y chromosome-), a minor population of male donor (B10)-derived cells (H-2Kb+; I-A+; Y chromosome+) can also be grown in 10-d DC cultures from the bone marrow of liver allograft recipients 14 d after transplant. Highly purified nonlymphoid dendritic cell 145+ DC sorted from these bone marrow-derived cell cultures were shown to comprise approximately 1-10% cells of donor origin (Y chromosome+) by polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, sorted DC stimulated naive, recipient strain T lymphocytes in primary mixed leukocyte cultures. Evidence was also obtained for the growth of donor-derived cells from the spleen but not the thymus. In contrast, donor cells could not be propagated from the bone marrow or other lymphoid tissues of nonimmunosuppressed C3H mice rejecting cardiac allografts from the same donor strain (B10). These findings provide a basis for the establishment and perpetuation of cell chimerism after organ transplantation.
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Pescara, J. B., O. G. Sá Filho, T. C. Losi, R. F. Cooke, and J. L. M. Vasconcelos. "Serum progesterone concentration and conception rate of beef cows supplemented with ground corn after a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, no. 1 (February 2010): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352010000100018.
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The effects of different levels of finely ground corn (FC) supplementation to grazing beef cows after fixed-time AI (TAI) on serum progesterone (P4) concentrations on day 7 and conception rates on day 28 after TAI were investigated. Three hundred and sixty-four lactating multiparous Brangus cows had follicular and luteal activity synchronized by treatment with estradiol benzoate (Estrogin; 2.0mg IM) and insertion of intra-vaginal P4 releasing device (CIDR) on day -11, followed by treatment with PGF2α (Lutalyse; 25mg IM) on day -4, CIDR and calf removal on day -2, and treatment with GnRH (Fertagyl; 100µg IM) TAI and calf return on day 0. On day 0, cows were randomly allotted in one of the following FC supplement treatments: G1 - 2kg/day from day 0 to 21; G2 - 2kg/day from day 0 to 7, and 6kg/day from day 8 to 21; G3 -6kg/day from day 0 to 7, and 2kg/day from day 8 to 21; and G4 -6kg/day from day 0 to 21. Blood samples were collected on day 7, and pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography indicating the presence of a fetus on day 28. Cows supplemented with 2kg/d of FC had higher serum concentration of P4 on day 7 than cows supplemented with 6kg/d (1.58 vs. 1.28ng/mL; P<0.01; SEM = 0.08). Cows from G4 had higher conception rates compared to G1 cows (58.4 vs. 41.9%, respectively; P<0.05). The level of supplemental energy intake after TAI is negatively associated with following serum P4 concentrations, but positively associated with conception rates of grazing beef cows.
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Saito, Naoyuki G., Hsiu-Ching Chang, and Yvonne Paterson. "Recognition of an MHC Class I-Restricted Antigenic Peptide Can Be Modulated by para-Substitution of Its Buried Tyrosine Residues in a TCR-Specific Manner." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 10 (May 15, 1999): 5998–6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.10.5998.
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Abstract Conformational dependence of TCR contact residues of the H-2Kb molecule on the two buried tyrosine side chains of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-8 peptide was investigated by systematic substitutions of the tyrosines with phenylalanine, p-fluorophenylalanine (pFF), or p-bromophenylalanine (pBrF). The results of peptide competition CTL assays revealed that all of the peptide variants, except for the pBrF analogues, had near-native binding to the H-2Kb molecule. Epitope-mapped anti-H-2Kb mAbs detected conformational differences among H-2Kb molecules stabilized with these VSV-8 variants on RMA-S cells. Selective recognition of the VSV-8 analogues was displayed by a panel of three H-2Kb-restricted, anti-VSV-8 TCRs. Thus, these substitutions result in an antigenically significant conformational change of the MHC molecular surface structure at both C and D pockets, and the effect of this change on cognate T cell recognition is dependent on the TCR structure. Our results confirm that the structure of buried peptide side chains can determine the surface conformation of the MHC molecule and demonstrate that even a very subtle structural nuance of the buried side chain can be incorporated into the surface conformation of the MHC molecule. The ability of buried residues to modulate this molecular surface augments the number of residues on the MHC-peptide complex that can be recognized as “foreign” by the CD8+ T cell repertoire and allows for a higher level of antigenic discrimination. This may be an important mechanism to expand the total number of TCR specificities that can respond to a single peptide determinant.
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Bolotnikov, Alexander, Peter A. Losee, Reza Ghandi, Stacey Kennerly, Rajib Datta, and Xu She. "SiC Charge-Balanced Devices Offering Breakthrough Performance Surpassing the 1-D Ron versus BV Limit." Materials Science Forum 963 (July 2019): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.655.
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This work presents experimental validation of novel device design, based on charge-balance concept expected to expand SiC utilization space for industrial and transportation power conversion applications. Fabricated 2kV and 3kV SiC CB-JBS diodes have surpassed the 1-D BV versus ROn,sp tradeoff with the highest reported breakdown voltage. Static and dynamic characteristics of these new diodes are reported.
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Chung, C. E., V. Ramanathan, G. Carmichael, S. Kulkarni, Y. Tang, B. Adhikary, L. R. Leung, and Y. Qian. "Anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing in Asia derived from regional models with atmospheric and aerosol data assimilation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 13 (July 5, 2010): 6007–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6007-2010.
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Abstract. An estimate of monthly 3-D aerosol solar heating rates and surface solar fluxes in Asia from 2001 to 2004 is described here. This product stems from an Asian aerosol assimilation project, in which a) the PNNL regional model bounded by the NCEP reanalyses was used to provide meteorology, b) MODIS and AERONET data were integrated for aerosol observations, c) the Iowa aerosol/chemistry model STEM-2K1 used the PNNL meteorology and assimilated aerosol observations, and d) 3-D (X-Y-Z) aerosol simulations from the STEM-2K1 were used in the Scripps Monte-Carlo Aerosol Cloud Radiation (MACR) model to produce total and anthropogenic aerosol direct solar forcing for average cloudy skies. The MACR model and STEM-2K1 both used the PNNL model resolution of 0.45°×0.4° in the horizontal and of 23 layers in the troposphere. The 2001–2004 averaged anthropogenic all-sky aerosol forcing is −1.3 Wm−2 (TOA), +7.3 Wm−2 (atmosphere) and −8.6 Wm−2 (surface) averaged in Asia (60–138° E and Equator–45° N). In the absence of AERONET SSA assimilation, absorbing aerosol concentration (especially BC aerosol) is much smaller, giving −2.3 Wm−2 (TOA), +4.5 Wm−2 (atmosphere) and −6.8 Wm−2 (surface), averaged in Asia. In the vertical, monthly forcing is mainly concentrated below 600 hPa with maximum around 800 hPa. Seasonally, low-level forcing is far larger in dry season than in wet season in South Asia, whereas the wet season forcing exceeds the dry season forcing in East Asia. The anthropogenic forcing in the present study is similar to that in Chung et al. (2005) in overall magnitude but the former offers fine-scale features and simulated vertical profiles. The interannual variability of the computed anthropogenic forcing is significant and extremely large over major emission outflow areas. Given the interannual variability, the present study's estimate is within the implicated range of the 1999 INDOEX result.
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Alber, D. G., R. A. Killington, and A. Stokes. "Solid matrix–antibody–antigen complexes incorporating equine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins C and D elicit anti-viral immune responses in BALB/c (H-2Kd) and C3H (H-2Kk) mice." Vaccine 19, no. 7-8 (November 2000): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00222-x.
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Ginetti, Arnold, and Charles Trullemans. "Compaction of CD(2k − D) control unit architectures." Integration 9, no. 2 (April 1990): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9260(90)90035-y.
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Sartika, Tike, and Sofjan Iskandar. "The productivity of 4th Generation KUB-2 Chicken." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2033.
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KUB-2 line of chicken has improved local chicken selected from the KUB-1 chicken line. KUB-2 was selected for more egg production and yellow shank. KUB-1 chicken has 64% various of black feather color, which sometimes tends to have unpreferred dark carcass. Yellow shank color has a positive correlation with the skin color of carcass. As many as 517 pullets of KUB-2 at 4th generation were divided into two groups of 194 pullets of KUB-2kk (yellow shank) and 323 pullets of KUB-2nk non-yellow shank). The chickens were raised intensively in the individual cages for the 24 weeks observation. Variables measured were age at first egg (AFE) bodyweight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight at first egg (EWFE), average egg weight (AEW), average egg production (AEP) during 24 weeks, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 25-43 weeks of age, and mortality. The result showed that there was no statistically significant different (p>0.05) between KUB-2nk and KUB-2kk respectively for AFE of 156.2 d and 158.1 d, for BWFE of 1788 g and 1808 g, for EWFE of 31.32 g and 31.34 g, for AEP24 of 103.3 eggs or 61.5% and 101.9 eggs or 60.7%, and for FCR25-43 of 3.53 and 3.54. AEW increased with increasing age of hen, the mortality of the whole population was 0.98%.
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CHEE, YEOW MENG, HAN MAO KIAH, HUI ZHANG, and XIANDE ZHANG. "Optimal Codes in the Enomoto-Katona Space." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 24, no. 2 (October 9, 2014): 382–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548314000509.
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Coding in a new metric space, called the Enomoto-Katona space, has recently been considered in connection with the study of implication structures of functional dependencies and their generalizations in relational databases. The central problem is the determination ofC(n,k,d), the size of an optimal code of lengthn, weightk, and distancedin the Enomoto-Katona space. The value ofC(n,k,d) was known only for some congruence classes ofnwhen (k,d) ∈ {(2,3),(3,5)}. In this paper, we obtain new infinite families of optimal codes in the Enomoto-Katona space and verify a conjecture of Brightwell and Katona in certain instances. In particular,C(n,k, 2k− 1) is determined for all sufficiently largensatisfying eithern≡ 1 modkandn(n− 1) ≡ 0 mod 2k2, orn≡ 0 modk. We also give complete solutions fork= 2 and determineC(n,3,5) for certain congruence classes ofnwith finite exceptions.
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Đinh, Tấn Ngọc, Quốc Việt Huỳnh, and Quang Hải Châu. "The Effect of Injector on Diesel Engine Characteristics Used Common-Rail System." Journal of Technical Education Science, no. 69 (April 28, 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.69.2022.1106.
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Nowadays, Diesel engines are so popular, especially in the field of transportation and marine. It has also improved over the generations, from a mechanical control system to an electronic control system. The Common-rail fuel system is considered the best development system on Diesel engines today. The injection pressure is very high, however, to increase power, reduce consumption and emission, further improvement is necessary. In this research, AVL - FIRE software was used to studying the effect of injectors to combustion chamber, the injection hole diameter related to: power, torque as well as exhaust gas on Diesel engine (Toyota Hiace 2KD-FTV). The results show that with d=0.16mm, the best power, low fuel consumption but high emissions, with d=0.2mm, the lowest emission. The results of this research improve fuel injectors and Diesel engine performance.
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Landman, Bruce M. "Monochromatic sequences whose gaps belong to {d, 2d, …, md}." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 58, no. 1 (August 1998): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700032020.
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For m and k positive integers, define a k-term hm-progression to be a sequence of positive integers {x1,…,xk} such that for some positive integer d, xi + 1 − xi ∈ {d, 2d,…, md} for i = 1,…, k - 1. Let hm(k) denote the least positive integer n such that for every 2-colouring of {1, 2, …, n} there is a monochromatic hm-progression of length k. Thus, h1(k) = w(k), the classical van der Waerden number. We show that, for 1 ≤ r ≤ m, hm(m + r) ≤ 2c(m + r − 1) + 1, where c = ⌈m/(m − r)⌉. We also give a lower bound for hm(k) that has order of magnitude 2k2/m. A precise formula for hm(k) is obtained for all m and k such that k ≤ 3m/2.
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Peker, Bilge, Andrej Dujella, and Selin Cenberci. "The non-extensibility of $D(-2k+1)$-triples $\{1, k^2, k^2+2k-1\}$." Miskolc Mathematical Notes 16, no. 1 (2015): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18514/mmn.2015.1012.
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Xu, Guo Hua, Ying Zhang, Ming Dong, and Lu Wei Xu. "A High-Efficiency Cascade Multilevel Class-D Amplifier." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.559.
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A switch-mode power amplifier based on a cascaded multicell multilevel circuit topology is introduced in the paper. Due to the Carrier-Based phase-shifted modulation of the individual switching cells, the output voltage ripple of the total system is considerably small. Compared with traditional class- AB amplifiers that are very poor at efficiency, the proposed amplifier has the efficiency of 90% at the smaller distortion level. A multilevel class-D amplifier’s mathematic model is analyzed. The paper lays emphasis on the design of the sliding mode control and deducts the parameters, and then develops a 2kW cascade multilevel class-D power amplifier adopting sliding mode control. The research results show that this kind of amplifier increases the system bandwidth, which provides the system with fast following performance and stability, high efficiency, and low THD value of output signals.
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Grohmann, U., P. Puccetti, M. L. Belladonna, F. Fallarino, R. Bianchi, L. Binaglia, K. Sagakuchi, M. G. Mage, E. Appella, and M. C. Fioretti. "Multiple point mutations in an endogenous retroviral gene confer high immunogenicity on a drug-treated murine tumor." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 4630–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4630.
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Abstract Exposure in vivo of murine L5178Y lymphoma cells to cytoreductive triazene derivatives leads to the generation of immunogenic variant lines expressing new transplantation Ags recognized by CTL. In one such clonal variant (clone D), at least one subset of T cell neoepitopes are provided by proteins previously shown by serology to be products of endogenous retroviral env sequences. We report here on characterization of PCR-amplified gp70 env genes in clone D. Relative to known gp70 sequences in parental cells and in current databases, one gp70 sequence presented four distinct nucleotide changes, two of which were apparently unique to clone D DNA and cDNA upon differential hybridization analysis. Transfection experiments with the entire gp70 gene or subgenic fragments encompassing a single putative mutation showed that products of the mutated env gene or fragments may confer immunogenicity in vivo and susceptibility in vitro to lysis by clone D-primed, H-2Kd- or H-2Ld-restricted CTL. By skin test assay of mice primed with either clone D or three mutated synthetic peptides, evidence was obtained that amino acid substitutions at the relevant positions of the gp70 protein may produce immunogenic T cell epitopes and that these epitopes are expressed in vivo by clone D. These data point to the role of mutated retroviral tumor peptides as rejection Ags in histocompatible hosts.
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Song, C. H., H. S. Kim, R. von Glasow, P. Brimblecombe, J. Kim, R. J. Park, J. H. Woo, and Y. H. Kim. "Source identification and budget analysis on elevated levels of formaldehyde within the ship plumes: a ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 23 (December 15, 2010): 11969–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11969-2010.
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Abstract. Elevated levels of formaldehyde (HCHO) along the ship corridors have been observed by satellite sensors, such as ESA/ERS-2 GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), and were also simulated by global 3-D chemistry-transport models. In this study, three likely sources of the elevated HCHO levels in the ship plumes as well as their contributions to the elevated HCHO levels (budget) were investigated using a newly-developed ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model: (1) primary HCHO emission from ships; (2) secondary HCHO production via the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted from ships; and (3) atmospheric oxidation of CH4 within the ship plumes. For this ship-plume modelling study, the ITCT 2K2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002) ship-plume experiment, which was carried out about 100 km off the coast of California on 8 May 2002 (11:00 local standard time), was chosen as a base study case because it is the best defined in terms of (1) meteorological data, (2) in-plume chemical composition, and (3) background chemical composition. From multiple ship-plume model simulations for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume experiment case, CH4 oxidation by elevated levels of in-plume OH radicals was found to be the main factor responsible for the elevated levels of HCHO in the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume. More than ~88% of the HCHO for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume is produced by this atmospheric chemical process, except in the areas close to the ship stacks where the main source of the elevated HCHO levels would be primary HCHO from the ships (due to the deactivation of CH4 oxidation from the depletion of in-plume OH radicals). Because of active CH4 oxidation by OH radicals, the instantaneous chemical lifetime of CH4 (τCH4) decreased to ~0.45 yr inside the ship plume, which is in contrast to τCH4 of ~1.1 yr in the background (up to ~41% decrease) for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume case. A variety of likely ship-plume situations at three different latitudinal locations within the global ship corridors was also studied to determine the enhancements in the HCHO levels in the marine boundary layer (MBL) influenced by ship emissions. It was found that the ship-plume HCHO levels could be 19.9–424.9 pptv higher than the background HCHO levels depending on the latitudinal locations of the ship plumes (i.e., intensity of solar radiation and temperature), MBL stability and NOx emission rates. On the other hand, NMVOC emissions from ships were not found to be a primary source of photochemical HCHO production inside ship plumes due to their rapid and individual dilution. However, the diluted NMVOCs would contribute to the HCHO productions in the background air.
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Chung, C. E., V. Ramanathan, G. Carmichael, S. Kulkarni, Y. Tang, B. Adhikary, L. R. Leung, and Y. Qian. "Anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing in Asia derived from regional models with atmospheric and aerosol data assimilation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2010): 821–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-821-2010.
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Abstract. A high-resolution estimate of monthly 3-D aerosol solar heating rates and surface solar fluxes in Asia from 2001 to 2004 is described here. This product stems from an Asian aerosol assimilation project, in which a) the PNNL regional model bounded by the NCEP reanalyses was used to provide meteorology, b) MODIS and AERONET data were integrated for aerosol observations, c) the Iowa aerosol/chemistry model STEM-2K1 used the PNNL meteorology and assimilated aerosol observations, and d) 3-D (X-Y-Z) aerosol simulations from the STEM-2K1 were used in the Scripps Monte-Carlo Aerosol Cloud Radiation (MACR) model to produce total and anthropogenic aerosol direct solar forcing for average cloudy skies. The MACR model and STEM both used the PNNL model resolution of 0.45°×0.4° in the horizontal and of 23 layers in the troposphere. The 2001–2004 averaged anthropogenic all-sky aerosol forcing is -1.3 W m-2 (TOA), +7.3 W m-2 (atmosphere) and -8.6 W m-2 (surface) averaged in Asia (60–138° E and Eq. -45° N). In the absence of AERONET SSA assimilation, absorbing aerosol concentration (especially BC aerosol) is much smaller, giving -2.3 W m-2 (TOA), +4.5 W m-2 (atmosphere) and -6.8 W mm-2 (surface), averaged in Asia. In the vertical, monthly forcing is mainly concentrated below 600 hPa with maxima around 800 hPa. Seasonally, low-level forcing is far larger in dry season than in wet season in South Asia, whereas the wet season forcing exceeds the dry season forcing in East Asia. The anthropogenic forcing in the present study is similar to that in Chung et al. (2005) in overall magnitude but the former offers fine-scale features and simulated vertical profiles. The interannual variability of the computed anthropogenic forcing is significant and extremely large over major emission outflow areas. Given the interannual variability, the present study's estimate is within the implicated range of the 1999 INDOEX result. However, NCAR/CCSM3's anthropogenic aerosol forcing is much smaller than the present study's estimate at the surface, and is outside of what the INDOEX findings can support.
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Leiter, E. H., G. J. Christianson, D. V. Serreze, A. T. Ting, and S. M. Worthen. "MHC antigen induction by interferon gamma on cultured mouse pancreatic beta cells and macrophages. Genetic analysis of strain differences and discovery of an "occult" class I-like antigen in NOD/Lt mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 170, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 1243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.170.4.1243.
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This study provides a basis for understanding the wide variations reported in the literature in IFN-gamma inducibility of class II MHC antigens on murine beta cells. Inducibility is not an intrinsic property of all mouse beta cells, but instead depends upon strain- (and tissue-) specific response modifying factors. This was demonstrated by comparison of constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced class I and class II MHC gene products on cultured islet cell monolayers. Islet cultures were established from autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD/Lt mice, diabetes-resistant NON/Lt and CBA/J mice, as well as F1 hybrids between these latter two strains and NOD/Lt. Cultures of peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from each strain were established as controls. After 3 wk of culture (with incubation in the presence or absence of IFN-gamma during the last 6 d), constitutive expression as well as IFN-gamma induction of class I MHC antigen expression was demonstrated on NOD/Lt and NON/Lt islet cells by antibody plus complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Although CBA/J islets and M phi did not maintain constitutive class I or class II antigen expression in culture in the absence of IFN-gamma, class I H-2Kk antigen was IFN-gamma inducible. Whereas IFN-gamma-induced class II I-Ak antigen on CBA/J M phi, it failed to induce this antigen on CBA/J islets. In contrast, I-A antigens were IFN-gamma inducible on NOD/Lt and NON/Lt islets and M phi. In (CBA x NOD)F1 hybrids, loss of IFN-gamma inducibility of the I-ANOD product established that suppression was mediated by a trans-acting factor from the CBA/J genome. In the course of these studies, IFN-gamma inducibility of a crossreactive occult class I-like antigen on both NOD/Lt islet cell and M phi cultures was unexpectedly detected when mAb 28-13-3 (public specificity 39, reactive with H-2Kb,f) was used as a negative control. Although not detectable by cytofluorographic analysis of freshly isolated NOD/Lt splenic leukocytes, occult antigen could be induced on NOD/Lt peritoneal macrophages (M phi) cultured for 3 d in IFN-gamma. Time course of induction showed the occult antigen to be distinct from NOD/Lt class I and II gene products. In both islet cell and M phi cultures established from (CBA x NOD)F1 hybrids, trans-suppressive factor(s) from the CBA/J genome not only suppressed IFN-gamma-induced expression of I-ANOD, but additionally suppressed occult antigen induction. Backcross of F1 to both parental strains indicated that the occult locus was on Chr 17, tightly linked to MHC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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He, Bo, and Alain Togbé. "On the D(−1)-triple {1,k2+1,k2+2k+2} and its unique D(1)-extension." Journal of Number Theory 131, no. 1 (January 2011): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2010.07.006.
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Wong, F. S., I. Visintin, L. Wen, R. A. Flavell, and C. A. Janeway. "CD8 T cell clones from young nonobese diabetic (NOD) islets can transfer rapid onset of diabetes in NOD mice in the absence of CD4 cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.1.67.
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T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. CD8 cytotoxic T cell lines and clones were generated from the lymphocytic infiltrate in the islets of Langerhans of young (7-wk-old). NOD mice by growing them on (NOD x B6-RIP-B7-1)F1 islets. These cells proliferate specifically to NOD islets and kill NOD islets in vitro. The cells are restricted by H-2Kd, and all bear T cell antigen receptor encoded by V beta 6. When these CD8 T cell lines and clones are adoptively transferred to irradiated female NOD, young NOD-SCID, and CB17-SCID mice, diabetes occurs very rapidly, within 10 d of transfer and without CD4 T cells.
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Yum, Do-Young, Bong-Yong Lee, and Jae-Gu Pan. "Identification of the yqhE andyafB Genes Encoding Two 2,5-Diketo-d-Gluconate Reductases inEscherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.8.3341-3346.1999.
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ABSTRACT The identification of a gene (yiaE) encoding 2-ketoaldonate reductase (2KR) in our previous work led to the hypothesis that Escherichia coli has other ketogluconate reductases including 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate reductase (25DKGR) and to study of the related ketogluconate metabolism. By using the deduced amino acid sequences of 5-diketo-d-gluconate reductase (5KDGR) of Gluconobacter oxydans and 25DKGR ofCorynebacterium sp., protein databases were screened to detect homologous proteins. Among the proteins of E. coli, an oxidoreductase encoded by yjgU and having 56% similarity to 5KDGR of G. oxydans and two hypothetical oxidoreductases encoded by yqhE and yafB and having 49.8 and 42% similarity, respectively, to 25DKGR ofCorynebacterium sp. were detected. Recently, theyjgU gene was identified as encoding 5KDGR and renamedidnO (C. Bausch, N. Peekhaus, C. Utz, T. Blais, E. Murray, T. Lowary, and T. Conway, J. Bacteriol. 180:3704–3710, 1998). The pathways involved in the metabolism of ketogluconate by E. coli have been predicted by biochemical analysis of purified enzymes and chemical analysis of the pathway intermediates. The gene products of yqhE and yafB were identified as 25DKGR-A, and 25DKGR-B, respectively, catalyzing the reduction of 25KDG to 2-keto-l-gulonate (2KLG). The native 25DKGR-A, 25DKGR-B, and 5KDGR had apparent molecular weights of about 30,000, 30,000, and 54,000, respectively. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, all three enzymes showed protein bands with a molecular weight of about 29,000, which indicated that 25DKGR-A, 25DKGR-B, and 5KDGR may exist as monomeric, monomeric, and dimeric proteins, respectively. The optimum pHs for reduction were 7.5, 7.0, and 8.0, respectively. The 5KDGR was active with NADH, whereas 25DKGR-A and 25DKGR-B were active with NADPH as a preferred electron donor. 25DKG can be converted to 5KDG by 2KR, which is then reduced tod-gluconate by 5KDGR. The pathways were compared with those of Erwinia sp. and Corynebacterium sp. A BLAST search of published and incomplete microbial genome sequences revealed that the ketogluconate reductases and their related metabolism may be widespread in many species.
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Tiegs, S. L., D. M. Russell, and D. Nemazee. "Receptor editing in self-reactive bone marrow B cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 177, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 1009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.177.4.1009.
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A central paradigm of immunology is clonal selection: lymphocytes displaying clonally distributed antigen receptors are generated and subsequently selected by antigen for growth or elimination. Here we show that in mice transgenic for anti-H-2Kk,b antibody genes, in which a homogeneous clone of developing B cells can be analyzed for the outcome of autoantigen encounter, surface immunoglobulin M+/idiotype+ immature B cells binding to self-antigens in the bone marrow are induced to alter the specificity of their antigen receptors. Transgenic bone marrow B cells encountering membrane-bound Kb or Kk proteins modify their receptors by expressing the V(D)J recombinase activator genes and assembling endogenously encoded immunoglobulin light chain variable genes. This (auto)antigen-directed change in the specificity of newly generated lymphocytes is termed receptor editing.
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Momburg, Frank, Norbert Koch, Peter Möller, Gerhard Moldenhauer, and Günter J. Hämmerling. "In vivo induction of H-2K/D antigens by recombinant interferon-γ." European Journal of Immunology 16, no. 5 (1986): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830160516.
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Sharma, N. L., and M. Howard Lee. "Wave vector dependent susceptibility of a free electron gas in D dimensions and the singularity at 2kF." Journal of Mathematical Physics 27, no. 6 (June 1986): 1618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527076.
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Paz Portal, Ximena A., David Rosero, Scott D. Carter, and Pete Wilcock. "121 Effects of Total Dietary Fiber Content During Gestation on Sow Reproductive Performance." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.085.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber (TDF) levels during gestation on sow and litter performance. A total of 397 (Camborough, PIC) individual-housed sows were used. Sows were balanced by parity (P4-P10) and body condition score (BCS, 1-5) at breeding and allocated to 2 treatments: Low Fiber (TDF = 9%, LF) or High Fiber (TDF = 18%, HF) with similar insoluble to soluble fiber ratios 7.4 and 7.5 respectively. During gestation, all sows were fed according to their BCS (BCS 1 and 2 = 2.7 kg/d, BCS 3 = 2kg/d and BCS 4 and 5 = 1.6 kg/d). From d 90 of gestation thin sows (BCS 1 or 2) received an additional 0.9 kg/d. During lactation sows received a common diet, 1.81 kg/d pre-farrow, and then ad libitum. Diets were milo based with wheat midds and soy hulls as fiber sources. Dietary treatments were isonutrient and isocaloric and formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrients. Data were analyzed for main effects of treatment and within body condition category. Overall, sows that received the LF diet were heavier at placement in lactation (306.6 and 280.6 kg; P = 0.012, for LF and HF, respectively). Similarly, the estimated post-partum BW was heavier for those fed the LF diet (283.1 and 256.1 kg; P = 0.008) and at wean BW (271.3 and 257.1 kg; P = 0.003). However, sows fed a HF gestation diet tended to lose less weight during lactation (17.0 and 4.0 kg; P = 0.080). There were no differences for total born (P = 0.767), born alive (P = 0.821), stillborn (P = 0.850) or weaned pigs (P = 0.620). In conclusion, elevating TDF during gestation did not improve litter performance, but did reduce weight and body condition loss during lactation.
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Tasić, Srđan, and Aleksandar Janjić. "PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS IN SHEEP MILK GREEK YOGHURT FROM VLASINA – A BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5403421t.
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Pseudomonas fluorescens is an aerobic, rod-shaped, non-sporulating gram-negative bacteria, mostlyfound in soil, decaying organic matter and feces. This species contaminates the milk mainly through animal feeddust, silage, utensils and polluted water. In addition to casein digestion, this psychotropic and lipolytic speciesgenerates butyric and caproic acids by fermentation of milk fat, which release a strong unpleasant odor and give arancid and bitter taste to dairy products. In this study we tested 48 hours old sheep's sour milk, produced in ahousehold in Vlasina, southeastern Serbia, using traditional method. Standard bacteriological protocols were usedfor isolation and identification Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. Biochemical identification was performed usingthe commercial API 32GN E system, and 60473057073 profile was obtained (Pseudomonas fluorescens, %Id=99.5and T=0.74). Positive biochemical tests were: N-acetyl-glukosamine (NAG), D-Ribose (RIB), Sodium malonate(MNT), Sodium acetate (ACE), Lactic acid (LAT), L-Alanine (ALA), D-Mannitol (MAN), D-Glucose (GLU), LArabinose(ARA), Capric acid (CAP), Valeric acid (VALT), Trisodium citrate (CIT), L-Histidine (HIS), Potasium2-ketogluconate (2KG), 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (3OBU), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pOBE), L-Serine (SER), LProline(PRO) and Oxidase (OX). Negative biochemical tests were: L-Rhamnose (RHA), Inositol (INO), DSaccharose(SAC), D-Maltose (MAL), Itaconic acid (ITA), Suberic acid (SUB), Salicin (SAL), D-Melibose (MEL),L-Fucose (FUC), D-Sorbitol (SOR), Propionic acid (PROP), Potasium 5-ketogluconate (5KG), Glycogen (GLYG)and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (mOBE). Based on the example of the strain Pseudomonas fluorescens, the API ID 32GN system proved to be precise and very efficient in the identification of this lipolytic type. Given thatpasteurization and cooling processes do not entirely inhibit the enzym activity and growth of this psychotrophicbacteria, informing individual milk and milk product manufacturers in the Vlasina region about good manufacturingpractices would limit contamination and bacteriological deterioration.
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Fujita, Yasutsugu. "The Hoggatt-Bergum Conjecture on $D(-1)$-Triples $\{F_{2k+1}, F_{2k+3}, F_{2k+5}\}$ and Integer Points on the Attached Elliptic Curves." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 39, no. 6 (December 2009): 1907–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmj-2009-39-6-1907.
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Meherishi, Shuchita Sharma, and Suchika Mangal. "Umbilical artery doppler and biophysical profile score: a study of their efficacy in pregnancy induced hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 9 (August 26, 2017): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173980.
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Background: Accurate diagnostic tests to identify fetuses at risk for in-utero death or injury have long been an important goal for obstetricians and perinatologists. Umbilical Artery Doppler and biophysical profile score are two tests available for antepartum fetal surveillance.Methods: The study consisted of 100 patients with either presence of PIH (30) or IUGR (28) or both (42). Testing was begun was at 33 weeks. UAD was performed; S/D, RI and PI indices were calculated. Fetal BPS was determined.Results: Fetal weight was estimated to be less than 2kg in last scan was 23.52% cases in pih/ iugr group versus 6.4% in controls whereas incidence of oligohydramnios was 29.5% versus 91.17% respectively, and number of babies admitted to NICU was 11.47% versus 70.58% respectivelyConclusions: Doppler and biophysical studies can greatly help in arriving at an appropriate strategy for management.
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Capone, M., J. Curnow, G. Bouvier, P. Ferrier, and B. Horvat. "T cell development in TCR-alpha beta transgenic mice. Analysis using V(D)J recombination substrates." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 10 (May 15, 1995): 5165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.10.5165.
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Abstract The major pathway of intrathymic T cell differentiation leads CD4-8- (DN) T lineage-committed precursors to TCR-alpha beta+ CD4+8- or CD4-84+ (SP) T lymphocytes. The expression of functionally rearranged TCR-alpha beta transgenes (Tg-TCR) may influence thymocyte development by affecting the various selection events that control T cell differentiation. To gain insights into these processes, we have produced double transgenic animals carrying V(D)J recombination substrates in addition to the MHC class I (H-2Kb) allospecific KB5C20 Tg-TCR. We have analyzed substrate rearrangements in purified populations of Tg-TCR+ thymocytes in the situation of positive or negative selection. The profile of rearrangements found in SP thymocytes, positively selected for the Tg-TCR, suggests that expression of the KB5C20 Tg-TCR has only a minimal influence on substrate V(D)J recombination in cells differentiating along the major alpha beta T cell developmental pathway. In contrast, Tg-TCR+ DN thymocytes, in both positively and negatively selecting haplotypes, presented a profile that implies premature cessation of substrate rearrangements. This profile was maintained in peripheral Tg-TCR+ DN cells and was distinct from the one found in CD25+, alpha beta+, or gamma delta+ DN cells purified from mice transgenic for the recombination substrates only. These results are discussed with respect to the possible origin and differentiation pathway of Tg-TCR+ DN and SP cells.
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Ogunbiyi, Oluwagbenga, Harrison Iyare, and Joseph Apata. "Assessing the effect of cadmium and Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on the organ gravimetry and lipid profile of the liver and serum of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Archives of Ecotoxicology 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ae.2021.3.3.85-90.
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Toxicity of cadmium to all lives especially the aquatic life cannot be quantified due to their deleterious effect usually caused as a result of their incessant and uncontrollable discharged into the aquatic environment. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of cadmium and Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyx Extract on the Organ Gravimetry and Lipid Profile of the Liver and Serum of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Forty juvenile catfish were divided into four groups containing ten fish with average weight 170 ± 2kg per group [Group A, Control (–HSCE – Cd), Group B (+HSCE), Group C (+Cd) and Group D (+HSCE + Cd)]. Group B and D were administered a daily dose of 40ml/kg body weight of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts (HSCE) (0.25%v/v) for 14 days while groups C and D were exposed to the same dose containing 0.3 mg of Cd/L daily for 14 days. The result shows that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the liver total- and LDL- cholesterol of fish exposed to HSCE and HSCE + Cd treated groups when compared to control and cadmium treated group. The triglycerides concentration of liver and serum was significantly increased (p<0.05) in fish exposed to cadmium when compared to the control and HSCE + Cd treated group respectively. SOD activity was significantly increase (p<0.05) in the serum of catfish exposed to Cd when compared to control. However, the liver-body weight ratio was significantly decreased in Cd and Cd + HSCE treated groups relative to the control. It is evident from the result obtained in this study that HSCE has protective effect against cadmium intoxicated fish (Clarias gariepinus).
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Joseph, L. J., E. Levy, K. Ozato, J. Hochman, and G. M. Shearer. "Differential lack of class I H-2d antigen expression by sublines of the BALB/c S49 T cell lymphoma." Journal of Immunology 137, no. 12 (December 15, 1986): 4016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.137.12.4016.
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Abstract Five different sublines of the BALB/c murine S49.1 T cell lymphoma were found to exhibit distinct patterns of absence of detectable H-2d class I major histocompatibility antigen expression. The results were demonstrated and verified by a) the generation of H-2Kd-, H-2Dd,Ld-, and H-2Ld-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that were assayed on S49.1 target cell lines, b) antibody-mediated cytotoxicity with the use of anti-H-2d monoclonal reagents, and c) flow microfluorometry. The five lines investigated were S49.1, T-25, T-25ADH, Thy-1-, and 100/0. None of these lines expressed detectable levels of Ld. S49.1 expressed both Kd and Dd, T-25 and T-25ADH expressed Dd but not Kd or Ld, Thy-1- expressed Kd but not Dd or Ld, and 100.0 did not express any detectable amounts of Kd, Dd, or Ld. These results indicate that K and D (and L) antigens can be expressed independently of each other and suggest that expression of class I antigens is controlled in a locus-specific manner.
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Ishikawa, H., A. Kusakabe, J. Hayakawa, and T. Hino. "Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to minor H-43 alloantigens in H-43a and H-43b mice. Both anti-H-43b and anti-H-43a CTL activities are generated exclusively in the context of the same H-2Kb restriction element." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 9 (November 1, 1988): 2918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.9.2918.
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Abstract We have previously demonstrated that anti-H-43a CTL response of H-43b responder mice was exclusively restricted by self H-2Kb (Kb) but not by the other nine self MHC class I alleles from independent origins, i.e., Kbml,d,k,s and Db,d,k,q,s. In the present study, we verified that Kf,q,r and Df,r alleles could also not serve as restricting class I elements in the CTL response to H-43a alloantigen. Another notable observation made in the earlier study was the fact that, in H-43 incompatibility of the alternative combination, H-43a mice were incapable of generating CTL activity against H-43b alloantigen. However, by means of employing new in vivo immunization procedures, we discovered that some but not all genetically identical H-43a responder mice could mount anti-H-43b CTL response restricted by self Kb. Again, no anti-H-43b CTL activity could be generated in the context of self Kk, Kj, Db or Dk molecules. Although the number of class I alleles we examined is still limited, these results indicate that antigenic fragments derived from the processed H-43a and H-43b alloantigens possess an indistinguishable epitope (agretope), and that such agretope either interacts only with the privileged Kb molecules or allows to bestow the immunogenic conformation of allodeterminants on the fragments solely in the context of the restricting Kb element.
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Li, Jian-Ming, Ying Wang, Katarzyna Darlak, Lauren T. Southerland, Mohammad S. Hossain, Cynthia R. Giver, James A. Waschek, and Edmund K. Waller. "Blocking Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Signaling Enhances Anti-Viral Immunity without Increased Graft Versus Host Disease in Murine Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1002.1002.
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Abstract Abstract 1002 Background: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide hormone and type 2 cytokine that inhibits Th1 immunity and induces the generation of regulatory T-cells. We have recently reported that non-transplanted mice “knocked-out” for VIP and syngeneic transplant recipients of VIP-knockout (KO) BM had dramatically improved survival, viral clearance, and increased numbers of specific antiviral CD8+ T-cells following murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection (JI 2011. 187:1057–65). In this study, we used a small molecule VIP antagonist as well as VIP-KO mice to further investigate effects and mechanisms of VIP-signaling on antiviral immune responses in wild type (WT) non-transplanted mice and following allogeneic BMT. Methods: B10BR (CD45.2, H-2Kk) and CB6/J F1 (CD45.2, H-2Kb/d) mice were transplanted with 3 × 103 FACS-sorted hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), 5 × 104 dendritic cells (DC), and 0.3, 1, or 3 × 106 splenic T-cells either from VIP-KO (CD45.2, H-2Kb) or WT donors after myeloablative conditioning (11Gy). WT mice and BMT recipients transplanted with WT grafts were treated with daily subcutaneous injection of VIP antagonist (10 μg/100μL per mouse) or PBS for 7 days (from one day prior to infection to 6 days post-infection). BALB/C mice, B6 VIP-KO and WT littermates, as well as CB6/J F1 BMT recipients, were infected with graded doses (LD10, LD50 and LD90) of mCMV by intraperitoneal injection. Survival, viral load, antigen specific T-cells, and clinical scores of graft versus host disease (GvHD) were assessed at distinct time-points post-BMT or after mCMV infection. The expression of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory markers (CD25, CD62L, CD69, PD-1, FoxP3, PD-L1, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II) and intracellular expression of cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12) on T-cells and DC from the mice were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Improved survival was seen in mCMV-infected allogeneic B6→CB6/J F1 transplant recipients of VIP-KO grafts (100%) compared with recipients of WT grafts treated with PBS (40%). Allogeneic recipients of VIP-KO grafts and allogeneic recipients of WT grafts treated with VIP antagonist had increased viral clearance and enhanced in vivo killing of viral-peptide-pulsed targets compared with PBS-treated recipients of WT grafts. No difference in the incidence or severity of acute GvHD was seen in allogeneic BMT recipients of graded doses of VIP-KO versus WT splenic T-cells (0.3, 1, and 3 × 106) in murine MHC mis-matched BMT models. Allogeneic transplant recipients of VIP-KO grafts and WT grafts treated with VIP antagonist, infected with low dose mCMV, had lower levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 expression on DC and T-cells, respectively, and higher levels of CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expression on conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) compared with recipients of WT allografts treated with PBS. Recipients of VIP-KO grafts and recipients treated with VIP antagonist had higher-levels of IL-12+ cDC, activated CD25+/CD69+ CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and more mCMV-M45-peptide MHC-I tetramer+ CD8+ T-cells compared with recipients of WT grafts treated with PBS. Absence of VIP-signaling led to enhanced intracellular expression of IFN-γ and less IL-10 expression in T-cells from mCMV-infected recipients of VIP-KO B6→CB6/J F1 allogeneic transplants, and mCMV-infected, VIP antagonist-treated recipients of WT allogeneic transplants. In the absence of mCMV infection, the numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) were similar among VIP-KO mice, WT mice treated with VIP antagonist, and PBS-treated WT controls. In contrast, mCMV-infected VIP-KO mice had significantly fewer Treg compared with mCMV- infected WT mice, non-infected WT mice and non-infected VIP-KO mice. Conclusion: Genetic or pharmacological blockade of VIP-signaling enhanced both innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses in allogeneic BMT recipients without significantly elevating GvHD. Selective targeting of VIP-signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach to enhance antiviral immunity in the setting of immunodeficiency and allogeneic BMT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Xue, Chao, Qian Zhang, Hao Chen, Dai Yuan, Xin Wang, Xiao Lv, Xueling Ge, Kang Lu, Lingyan Zhang, and Yujie Jiang. "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improve Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease By Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in a Mice Model." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141864.
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Introduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapeutic strategy to cure a large number of hematologic diseases. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major obstacle against long-term survival for patient underwent allo-HSCT. Oxidative stress can generate large amounts of oxygen free radicals affecting the metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation of normal cells. It may also further induce the autoimmune response to form a waterfall effect, causing reversible to extracellular insults. It has been confirmed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aGVHD and the following organ injury. Multiple immunosuppressant agents including calmodulin inhibitor, corticosteroids, anti-CD25 antibody, and JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors have been used to treat GVHD in clinical scenarios. However, quite an amount of patients will develop to glucocorticoid-refractory aGVHD and too intensive immunosuppressive therapy will increase the incidence of infection and malignancy relapse. Nrf2/HO-1 (Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/ Haemoxygenase-1) signaling pathway has been recognized as a major regulator against oxidative stress injury. Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) significantly improved non-healing ulcers secondary to GVHD and hemorrhagic cystitis after HLA-mismatched allo-HSCT whether induced by infection or aGVHD. Based on the important role of oxidative stress in the process of aGVHD, we hypothesis that HBOT can improve aGVHD via up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Methods: By using an allo-HSCT murine model of C57BL/6 (H-2KB)→BALB/C (H-2KD), we evaluated the therapeutic effects of HBO on aGVHD. The murine model of aGVHD was established in BALB/C mice by lethally body irradiation, followed by 1×107 bone marrow cells and 2×107 spleen cell transplantation. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: BMT+HBO group, GVHD group, and GVHD+HBO group. BMT+HBO group and GVHD+HBO group mice were simultaneously treated with HBO per day for 2 weeks from day -7 to +7 before- to post stem cell transfusion. The HBO therapy was performed for mice in a sealed chamber at a pressure of 2.4 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 90 min per day. The induction of the murine GVHD process and GVHD scores were calculated according to the method of Cooke et al (1996) every 6 days. Results: The flow cytometry showed that the level of H-2KB positive cells in the bone marrow cavity of the recipient mice was more than 95%, indicating successful implantation (Figure A). The BALB/C recipient mice in the control group (non-HBOT) showed typical aGVHD symptoms within 20 days, mainly including wasting, ruffled fur, hunched back, skin defect, ocular signs, diarrhea, and anal swelling (Figure B). The aGVHD+HBO group only showed slightly ruffled fur on 40 days post-transplantation (Figure C) and the aGVHD score of aGVHD+HBO group was much lower than that of GVHD group (Figure D) Weight loss was mild in the aGVHD+HBO group than that in the aGVHD group (Figure E). All aGVHD group mice eventually succumbed within 1 month after transplantation, the survival was shorter than that of aGVHD+HBO group. The survival time was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method (Figure F). The BMT+HBO group served as a control for HBO toxicity. Immunofluorescence microscopy evaluation of mouse liver, skin, and small intestine revealed an attenuation of fluorescence signal in the aGVHD+HBO group, indicating HBO can significantly reduce ROS levels (Figure G). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NRF2 protein in the liver collected in day 16 post-transplantation was higher than the BMT+HBO group and aGVHD group (Figure H). Conclusions: By using this murine model of aGVHD following allo-HSCT, our results indicated that ROS inhibition by HBOT markedly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue damage to targeted organs, resulting in significantly improved symptoms and prolonged survival. In conclusion, our study provided laboratory evidence that HBO can prevent and treat aGVHD by upregulating the expression of NRF2 and HO-1. HBOT might be a promising prophylactic and pre-emptive treatment choice for aGVHD. In the future, we will further investigate the accurate mechanism of HOBT in the process of aGVHD via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, verify our preliminary animal experimental results in clinical application. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kay, R. M., and J. I. Harland. "Fish meal supplementation of sugar beet feed or barley based concentrates for finishing beef cattle fed on grass silage diets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017773.
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Whilst it is predicted that for finishing cattle (over 350 kg at start) fed grass silage diets, rumen degradable protein (RDP) should provide all protein requirements, previous studies have shown very variable growth responses from protein supplementation of cereal or starchy concentrates fed with grass silage. The protein source usually used being white fish meal which is high in rumen undegradable protein (UDP). This experiment investigated the response to fish meal supplementation of an energy concentrate based on either barley (starchy) or sugar beet feed (SBF, fibrous) when fed with good quality (64‘D’) grass silage to cattle in the finishing period of a traditional 18 month semi-intensive system.Forty two 15 month and twelve 14 month old Friesian steers were blocked by weight and allocated at random to treatments (weights as fed):1. 2kg barley plus minerals (2B)2. 1.8 kg barley plus 0.2 kg fish meal (2BF)3. 2 kg sugar beet feed plus minerals (2S)4. 1.8 kg sugar beet feed plus 0.2 kg fish meal(2SF)5. 4 kg sugar beet feed plus minerals (4S)6. 4 kg barley plus minerals (4B)
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Bilsborough, Janine, Aline Van Pel, Catherine Uyttenhove, Thierry Boon, and Benoı̂t J. Van den Eynde. "Identification of a Second Major Tumor-Specific Antigen Recognized by CTLs on Mouse Mastocytoma P815." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 6 (March 15, 1999): 3534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3534.
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Abstract Murine mastocytoma P815 induces CTL responses against at least four distinct Ags (AB, C, D, and E). Recent studies have shown that the main component of the CTL response against the P815 tumor is targeted against Ags P815AB and P815E. The gene P1A has been well characterized. It encodes the P815AB Ag in the form of a nonameric peptide containing two epitopes, P815A and P815B, which are recognized by different CTLs. Here, we report the identification of the P815E Ag. Using a cDNA library derived from tumor P815, we identified the gene coding for P815E. We also characterized the antigenic peptide that anti-P815E CTLs recognize on the MHC class I molecule H-2Kd. The P815E Ag results from a mutation within an ubiquitously expressed gene encoding methionine sulfoxide reductase, an enzyme that is believed to be important in the protection of proteins against the by-products of aerobic metabolism. Surprisingly, immunizing mice i.p. with syngeneic tumor cells (L1210) that were constructed to express B7-1 and P815E did not induce resistance against live P815, even though a strong anti-P815E CTL response was observed with splenocytes from immunized animals.
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Park, Jongyook. "The distance-regular graphs with valency k≥2, diameter D≥3 and kD−1+kD≤2k." Discrete Mathematics 340, no. 3 (March 2017): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2016.09.022.
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Edupuganti, Ramakrishna, Qiantao Wang, Clint D. J. Tavares, Catrina A. Chitjian, James L. Bachman, Pengyu Ren, Eric V. Anslyn, and Kevin N. Dalby. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives as eEF-2K inhibitors." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 17 (September 2014): 4910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.050.
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Vu, T. T., R. D. Nelson, G. M. Lee, P. C. T. Roberts, K. W. Lee, S. K. Swanson, A. Peczalski, et al. "Low-power 2K-cell SDFL gate array and DCFL circuits using GaAs self-aligned E/D MESFETs." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 23, no. 1 (February 1988): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.283.
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Raco, B., E. Dotsika, D. Psomiadis, M. Doveri, M. Lelli, N. Zisi, K. Papakonstantinou, and A. Lazaridis. "GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AQUIFER POLLUTION FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT. THE CASE OF KOMOTINI LANDFILL (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11375.
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According to European legislation, environmental control and monitoring of landfills has become of crucial importance. This study includes a thorough geochemical approach aiming to evaluate the environmental impact of the landfill of Komotini, N. Greece. Samples of waters were taken from inside the working landfill as well as from the area of the neighbouring old landfill. The waters were analyzed chemically (major elements and heavy metals) and isotopically (D and 18O). Also, biogas flow was measured and the ratio CH4/CO2. Based on the geomorphological, hydrogeological and land use data of the area, we proceeded to analyses of waters both from the area of the landfill and from the wider region (drainage basin). The obtained results were used to construct digital maps (GIS) in order to determine the special dispersion of the polluted aquifers. The biogas flow in the old and new garbage burial sites was measured by accumulation chamber device for methane and carbon dioxide ratio determination. The obtained results show an important agent of pollution in the water samples downstream from the landfill and in a distance more than 2km, along the dispersion of the leachate. The land use of the area was taken into account to evaluate the importance and the criticality of the situation.
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Renard, Valery, Pedro Romero, Eric Vivier, Bernard Malissen, and Immanuel F. Luescher. "CD8β Increases CD8 Coreceptor Function and Participation in TCR–Ligand Binding." Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 2439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.6.2439.
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To study the role of CD8β in T cell function, we derived a CD8α/β− (CD8−/−) T cell hybridoma of the H-2Kd–restricted N9 cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone specific for a photoreactive derivative of the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide PbCS 252-260. This hybridoma was transfected either with CD8α alone or together with CD8β. All three hybridomas released interleukin 2 upon incubation with L cells expressing Kd–peptide derivative complexes, though CD8α/β cells did so more efficiently than CD8α/α and especially CD8−/− cells. More strikingly, only CD8α/β cells were able to recognize a weak agonist peptide derivative variant. This recognition was abolished by Fab′ fragments of the anti-Kd α3 monoclonal antibody SF11.1.1 or substitution of Kd D-227 with K, both conditions known to impair CD8 coreceptor function. T cell receptor (TCR) photoaffinity labeling indicated that TCR–ligand binding on CD8α/β cells was ∼5- and 20-fold more avid than on CD8α/a and CD8−/− cells, respectively. SF1-1.1.1 Fab′ or Kd mutation D227K reduced the TCR photoaffinity labeling on CD8α/β cells to approximately the same low levels observed on CD8−/− cells. These results indicate that CD8α/β is a more efficient coreceptor than CD8α/α, because it more avidly strengthens TCR–ligand binding.