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Clements, Carson W. "THE DEVELOPMENT AND FAILURE OF AMERICAN POLICY TOWARD CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 1938-1948." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1101228119.
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Piahanau, Aliaksandr. "Policy of Hungary towards Czechoslovakia in 1918–1936." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20014.
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L’éclatement de l’Autriche-Hongrie en un ensemble des nouvelles nations en 1918 constitue un événement clé dans l’historiographie de l’Europe centrale. Cette thèse porte sur les relations bilatérales entre deux Etats « nouveau nés » – la Hongrie et la Tchécoslovaquie. Elle se concentre plus particulièrement sur la politique extérieure hongroise et sur les perceptions, motivations et décisions du gouvernement hongrois et de ses différents organes politiques vis-à-vis de la République tchécoslovaque. Cette thèse questionne l'historiographie dominante qui décrit les relations entre Budapest et Prague dans l’entre-deux-guerres à travers le prisme de leur conflit territorial sur la Slovaquie et la Ruthénie – deux provinces hongroises annexées par la Tchécoslovaquie en 1918–1919. Cette recherche confirme que les élites hongroises et les cercles gouvernementaux espéraient récupérer ces territoires, mais elle démontre aussi que Budapest s’est efforcé d'éviter un conflit ouvert avec Prague, considérant que la Tchécoslovaquie était plus peuplée, industrialisée, militarisée et avait plus d'alliances internationales que la Hongrie. A partir des sources primaires principalement en hongrois et en tchèque, mais aussi en slovaque, en français et en anglais, trouvées dans les archives de Budapest et de Prague et dans des ouvrages publiés, cette thèse soutient que le gouvernement hongrois envisageait sérieusement de développer la coopération politique, économique et internationale avec Prague dans les années médianes de l'entre-deux-guerres. Cette thèse est organisée en cinq parties. Quatre périodes se distinguent: l’après-guerre (1918-21, part. 2), les années 20 (1922-1930, part. 3), le début des années 30 (1931-36, part. 5). La première partie traite des sources et de l'historiographie, tandis que la partie 4 s’intéresse plus en détails aux liens de l'opposition démocratique hongroise avec Prague en 1919–1932The replacement of Austria-Hungary by series of new nations in 1918 is a key event in the historical reflections in Central Europe. This thesis deals with the bilateral relations between two "new born" states - Hungary and Czechoslovakia.This thesis pays special attention the topic of the foreign policy of Hungary, by exploring the perceptions, motives, and the decisions that the government of Budapest and its different political bodies expressed in regard to the Czechoslovak Republic. This thesis aims to challenge the mainstream historiography which portrays the Budapest-Prague relations between the two World Wars through the prism of the territorial dispute over Slovakia and Ruthenia, two Hungarian provinces that were annexed by Czechoslovakia in 1918–1919. This research confirms that the Hungarian elites and the governmental circles were indeed unsatisfied with the loss of these two regions. However, the historiography has over-estimated the impact of territorial dispute on the practical and every day political attitudes and the decision making process in Budapest. This thesis claims that the Hungarian government tended to avoid open conflicts with Prague, considering that Czechoslovakia was more populous, industrialized, militarized and had more international alliances than Hungary. Analyzing primary sources mainly in Hungarian, and Czech, but also in Slovak, French and English, found both in the archives in Budapest and Prague and in published versions, this thesis argues that the government of Hungary seriously considered developing political, economic and international cooperation with Prague in the middle years of the Interwar. This thesis is organized into five parts. The opening part deals with the sources and the historiography. Part 2 examines the Hungarian policy on Czechoslovakia in 1918–1921. Part 3 tackles the Budapest-Prague relations between 1922 and 1930. Part 4 portrays the connections of the Hungarian democratic opposition with Prague in 1919–1932. Part 5 uncovers the changes of the foreign policy of Hungary towards Czechoslovakia in 1931–1936
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Stewart, Heather Jackson. "UK sea fisheries policy-making since 1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31414.
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This is a study of approaches to fisheries management in the United Kingdom (UK) between 1945 and 1996. It examines the choices and incentives faced by UK Governments when designing policy instruments to deliver international commitments to sustainable fishing. The failure of international agreements to sustainably manage fisheries resources is often attributed to international institutions, the politicization of negotiations and their distributive outcomes. This thesis makes an original contribution by arguing that the success of international agreements was also dependent upon local negotiations that shaped the design of national delivery mechanisms. The central research question concerns the role and influence of local interests in delivering global economic and environmental agendas and how national governments accommodate local tensions within this process. A sustained content analysis of UK Government archives is used to argue that local political and sectional industry interests had a significant bearing on the development of UK fisheries policy and the design of domestic delivery mechanisms. The exception was UK policy on the international distribution of fisheries resources at the United Nations Law of the Sea Conferences (1958, 1960 and 1973-82). Economic considerations drove early environmental policy with sectional fishing industry interests of secondary importance to the potential economic benefits associated with the more valuable energy resources. In then seeking to implement controls on fishing activity, this thesis argues that UK fisheries management mechanisms were designed to compensate for tension between global commitments mandating a reduction in fishing effort and the local fleets and communities that had to bear the costs of industry contraction. This created a policy-making environment in which social and political motivations continually trumped the application of economic and scientific advice. This advice advocated a contraction in the size of the fleet which had become necessary as technical change and falling stocks resulted in overcapacity. The use of fisheries policy as a political tool to ease local tensions incentivised policy choices that directly contributed to the UK's failure to reduce fishing pressure and deliver international commitments. This thesis demonstrates the importance of local negotiations and interests in the construction of national and international approaches to environmental and natural resources problems.
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Gaskin, Ian William. "Palestine 1939-1945 : a study of colonial economic policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335677.
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Hempson, Donald Allen. "The lion with two tales Czechoslovak economic and foreign policy-making and its impact on U.S. relations, 1919-1929 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155052806.
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Hergottova, Irena. "A comparative study of communist and post-communist policy formation and implementation : case study of Roma policy in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia 1945-1998." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556171.
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Post-war Czechoslovakia experienced the development of a range of dedicated policies towards Roma. Communist governments' efforts culminated in the 1950s and 1960s with accommodation transfers, integration into the workforce and school admissions positive action projects. After the Prague Spring in 1968, these policies, often referred to as ''forced assimilation", were considerably reduced but efforts to integrate Roma into socialist welfare continued until 1989. One of the perceived weaknesses of the communist policies towards Roma was the failure to consult with indigenous Roma communities and recognise Roma as a national minority, despite calls for such a move from the Roma leadership during the Prague Spring. Democratic processes attached to the 1989 Velvet Revolution widened opportunities for resolving the historical grievances by offering a chance for Roma to form their own groups and for new political parties to pay more regard to international human rights frameworks. Despite the hopes offered by democratisation, this thesis offers evidence that due to frequent changes of government, ambiguous policy objectives inherited from the past, and insufficient knowledge of equal opportunities policies, particularly the absence of the new notion of social justice, little was achieved after 1989. This thesis contributes to the knowledge of policy formation and implementation from a historical perspective and across two political systems. It firstly challenges certain notions of the role of communist parties in the policy process that remain empirically under-researched. Secondly, it provides an opportunity to explore unrecognized links between ambiguous notions of Roma constructed within social science and approaches put forward by the governments over time. This thesis argues that the continuous lack of understanding of who Roma communities were and how they perceived themselves represented the two major factors of the weak implementation of policy in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia between 1945 and 1998.
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Akbaba, Turgay. "FROM NEUTRALITY TO ACTIVE ALLIANCE: TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY, 1945-1952." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/282183.
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HistoryM.A.
Basing its foreign policy on the Wilsonian internationalism, the new Turkish Republic established good relations with countries around the world. It signed neutrality and friendship treaties, and pursued a neutral foreign policy. However, at the end of World War II, it abandoned its longtime neutral foreign policy and aimed to establish closer ties with the American-led West. This thesis examines how and why Turkey shifted its foreign policy from neutrality to active alliance. In the first half of the thesis, I closely deal with what role international developments played in that shift. First, I focus on how Josef Stalin's efforts to obtain bases and joint-control with Turkey over the Turkish Straits created a threat to Turkey's national security. Then, I explore how this threat forced Turkey to leave its neutral foreign policy and seek closer ties with the U.S. In the second half of the thesis, I examine how Turkey's search for economic aid and military commitment accelerated and intensified the shift from neutrality to active alliance. First, I focus on how Turkish officials aggressively sought economic assistance from the U.S. and how U.S. officials became resistant to the Turkish requests for additional aid beginning with the second half of 1947. Considering that Turkey was less vulnerable to the Soviet threat, U.S. officials judged that Turkey did not need aid as much as Western Europe did. In order to overcome the resistance, Turkish officials exaggerated the Soviet threat and used the problem of high defense spending. Then, I explore how Turkish officials sought a military commitment from the U.S. A U.S. military commitment could alleviate the problem of high defense spending and facilitate the flow of economic aid from the U.S. Therefore, Turkish officials carried on a diplomatic offensive to secure a military commitment from the U.S. In doing so, they distanced themselves from neutrality and became an institutional ally of the U.S. in 1952.
Temple University--Theses
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Maeoka, Masao. "Japanese local economic development and industrial restructuring." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21699.
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Pazdera, Lukáš. "Hospodářský vývoj Československa v letech 1945 až 1948." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193596.
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The diploma thesis is focused on the economic development of Czechoslovakia after 1945 up to the political takeover in 1948, when communists finally assumed power. The work offers the view of Czech economy influenced by the experience of the Great Depression in the 1930s, occupation and the transformation of economic thinking in Europe. The main concern is to answer the questions to what extend the post-war reconstruction was successful, what the political conditions of the changes in our economy were and which economic results they produced. The land reform, final solution of German question by the expulsion of Germans, nationalisation of industry, codification of two-year economic plan and refusal of the Marshall plan are considered to be the key points. The allience with the Soviet Union played an important role too. The main conclusion of the work is that, in Czechoslovakia, the successful transformation from war economy to a mixed economy, in which the main role of the state was supplemented by a private sector, was accomplished. The existence of different alternatives of development, which could not be realized because of the increasing influence of communists in the government, is considered to be the key factor for the economic development in the years 1945-1948.
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Merta, Ondřej. "Vývoj československého zahraničního obchodu v letech 1945-1953." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-97026.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of international trade in Czechoslovakia from the end of World War II to the period of "sovietization". The author will examine foreign trade during the first post war years. He will concentrate on international trade in Czechoslovakia during 1945 -- 1953, especially on the problem of restricting trade with West European countries and strengthening ties with the Eastern bloc. The contribution of this paper consists mainly of creating a compact view of Czechoslovakian foreign trade after World War II until the end of the first five year plan (after the communist revolution).
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Chan, Wing-yan, and 陳穎恩. "Internal discrepancies over the economic deconcentration policy duringthe period of allied occupation of Japan, 1945-1952." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37928028.
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Vonyó, Tamás. "Post-war reconstruction and the economic miracle : the dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669982.
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Kay, Alex J. "Exploitation, resettlement, mass murder : political and economic planning for German occupation policy in the Soviet Union, 1940-1941 /." New York : Berghahn books, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40227679v.
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Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--Philosophical Faculty I--Berlin--Humboldt-Universität, 2005. Titre de soutenance : Neuordnung and Hungerpolitik : the development and compatibility of political and economic planning within the Nazi hierarchy for the occupation of the Soviet Union, July 1940-July 1941.Bibliogr. p. 222-234.
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Tookey, Mark Edward. "The Labour Party and nationalisation from Attlee to Wilson, 1945-1968 : beyond the commanding heights." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4522/.
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The 1964-70 Wilson government has been the subject of intense criticism, yet limited academic study. Attention has focused primarily on its failure to achieve any breakthrough in the application of 'white heat' technology. The effect has been that many important aspects of the government's industrial policies have been ignored. In particular, its commitment to public ownership has received little consideration, despite appearing anomalous compared with the nationalisations of the preceding (and succeeding) Labour governments. Between 1964 and 1970, only iron and steel was brought into public ownership, and that was primarily 'unfinished business' from 1945-51.This thesis determines why the 1964-70 government was so reluctant to use public ownership and, specifically, nationalisation. Firstly, the relationship between public ownership and the Labour party in 1964 is examined. The Attlee government’s experiences with nationalisation and the revision of the party's programme during the 1950s are considered, along with the contribution which Wilson made to that revision. The thesis contends that, by 1964, the party's commitment to public ownership was genuinely different from that in 1945. However, it further asserts that the economic analysis on which it was based had already become outdated by 1964, and encumbered the government with an inappropriate ideological framework. Secondly, the recent release of official papers has made possible a detailed consideration of the 1964-70 government's performance. They reveal that the government pursued a more active public ownership policy than is normally considered by historians. In shipbuilding and aerospace partial nationalisations were undertaken, while more generally interventionist frameworks were established. This thesis concludes that such policies were fatally undermined by the over-commitment of Wilson to sterling parity. Coupled with the shortcomings of the party's ideological framework, this explains both why the 1964-70 government's policies appear anomalous, and why the government continues to be severely criticised.
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Arku, Godwin Harris Richard S. "The evolution of ideas about the relationship between housing and economic development: Ghanaian policy in an international context, 1945--2000 /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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Chan, Wing-yan. "Internal discrepancies over the economic deconcentration policy during the period of allied occupation of Japan, 1945-1952." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37928028.
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Bauer, Raimund. "A 'New Order' : National Socialist notions of Europe and their implementation during the Second World War." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21828.
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The term Europe was omnipresent in the Third Reich during the Second World War. An abundance of primary sources attests to the German interest in a new European order. Nevertheless, historiography is in disagreement on the Europeanness of this New Order and on its actual relevance for National Socialist policies. This study argues that these differing appraisals are the result of a mistaken understanding of the National Socialist New Order. National Socialist Germany did not pursue a single, stable, and clear-cut notion of Europe-to-be, but constantly kept negotiating its war aims and the future of Europe under the heading New Order. By means of a discourse-analytical approach, this thesis reconstructs this New Order and shows that its defining dimensions were long-standing and well-established knowledge and belief systems: the idea of European economic cooperation and völkisch beliefs. Depending on the military situation and the scope of the German sphere of influence, the discursive weight of these interpretive frames varied during the war. Nevertheless, they produced temporarily stable visions of Europe-to-be. Contrasted with this development, an analysis of German policies clearly demonstrates that the New Order discourse did matter. A hermeneutical approach which draws on discourse-analytical concepts of power relations makes clear that the New Order discourse was powerful. It defined the permissible ways of thinking and speaking about the future of Europe and it endowed the activities of German occupation authorities and private companies with meaning. Thus, this study and its innovative perspective shed new light on the New Order and broaden our understanding of National Socialist wartime policies. Its findings suggest that the National Socialist Europe must not be dismissed as anti-European. National Socialist Germany discursively constructed and realised its own ideals of Europe-to-be. This völkisch and economic reorganisation not only guided the policies of German occupation policies and informed the actions of private businesses, but it also fits well into the German tradition of European thinking.
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Cheng, Cheuk-sang Arnold. "Government finance and capital formation in Hong Kong since 1945." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574067.
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Amer, Lutfi. "De la phase destructrice de l'économie planifiée à la formation d'une économie périphérique en Europe de l'Est: essai sur le cas hongrois." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212948.
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Prawiradinata, Muhamad Salmun. "Stability, elites and development policy in the new order Indonesia 1966-1983." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111321.
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One of the most striking characteristics of Third World countries is
political instability. Although not all Third World states are politically unstable,
witness for example Saudi Arabia and Nepal, many nations of both
democratic and authoritarian leanings have experienced strong political
challenges in maintaining established political order and national unity. These
political challenges can take the forms of mass demonstration, riots or even
coups.
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Cheng, Cheuk-sang Arnold, and 鄭卓生. "Government finance and capital formation in Hong Kong since 1945." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574067.
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MacKenzie, Niall Gordon. "Chucking buns across the fence? governmental planning and regeneration projects in the Scottish Highland economy, 1945-82 /." Connect to e-thesis record to view abstract. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/125/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Economic and Social History, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.
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Dai, Ke. "Theoretical analysis of US's foreign aid." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2595544.
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Beçak, Peggy. "Evolução das relações comerciais Brasil - Estados Unidos de 1945 a 1995: no contexto da política externa dos \"interesses nacionais\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-13032008-134858/.
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Esta tese trata das relações comerciais entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos, através da perspectiva da história econômica, num recorte temporal de cinqüenta anos, que vão desde o pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial até meados dos anos noventa, período no qual se desenvolveram importantes transformações produtivas, nas relações comerciais, bem como no relacionamento político-diplomático bilateral. Também remontam a este período, a formação do marco institucional de representação dos interesses sociais e produtivos, tanto nas economias nacionais, quanto no âmbito internacional. Nosso objetivo foi traçar a evolução deste relacionamento bilateral, a partir do tema da política comercial, inserida no contexto dos interesses nacionais - expressos pelos setores produtivos domésticos -, e pela política externa, que limitam ou potencializam a evolução da política comercial e que ao mesmo tempo também são influenciados por ela. Para validar nossos argumentos, utilizamos a cronologia como fio condutor, entrelaçando as posições diplomáticas das relações internacionais, com os acontecimentos econômicos, comerciais e institucionais de representação.This thesis is regarding Brazil\'s and United States of America commercial relationship under the economic history perspective, within a period of fifty years, since the post Second World War until mid nineties. In that period several important productive transformations occurred, at the commercial relationship, as well as at the bilateral political -diplomatic matters. It is also from that period the institutional representational mark of the social and productive interests, at the national and international economies. Our objective is to set an evolutionary track of those bilateral relationships, from the commercial point of view, inserted at the national interests context- expressed throughout the domestic productive sectors- and by the external policy which put a limit or give more strength to the commercial policy evolution, at the same time as they are influenced by it. In order to validate our arguments, we used the chronology as a conductor track, interlacing the diplomatic international relationship with the economic events, commercial and institutional of representation.
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Chang, Magda Holan Yu. "O padrão de inserção internacional da economia brasileira entre 1945 e 1980: uma análise da interação entre política econômica e política externa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/31/31131/tde-17062014-090602/.
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Este trabalho visa a avaliar o papel da ação estatal, no âmbito da política econômica e da política externa, para as mudanças no padrão de inserção internacional da economia brasileira entre 1945 e 1980, período em que o país consolidou-se como semiperiferia industrializada da \"economia-mundo capitalista.\" Para além do arcabouço teórico de \"sistemas mundo\" utilizado para abarcar os determinantes sistêmicos que influíram sobre a inserção internacional da economia brasileira e sobre ambas as políticas econômica e externa, a dissertação recorre ainda às formulações das áreas da história econômica, economia política e relações internacionais para subsidiar a análise. Por fim, o trabalho realiza uma análise comparativa entre os instrumentos da política econômica e da política externa que atuaram sobre esse padrão de inserção, avaliando as formas de interação que se estabeleceram entre esses instrumentos e as suas implicações para a alteração da inserção internacional da economia brasileira.This study aims to analyze the governments\' role, through its economic policy and foreign relations policy, for the change in the Brazilian economy\'s international insertion pattern between 1945 and 1980, period when the country consolidated itself as part of the industrialized semi-periphery in the \"capitalist world-economy\". In addition to the theoretical framework of \"world systems\" used to explain the systemic elements that influenced the Brazilian economy\'s international insertion and the economic policy and the foreign relations policy, the dissertation also uses ideas from the areas of economic history, political economy and international relations to support the analysis. Finally, the study makes a comparative analysis between the instruments of economic policy and foreign policy that influenced on this pattern of insertion, evaluating the interaction forms established between them and their implications for the change in the Brazilian economy\'s international insertion pattern.
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Ko, Sung-youn. "Military Spending, External Dependence, and Economic Growth in Seven Asian Nations: a Cross-National Time-Series Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279398/.
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The theme of this study is that seven major East Asian less developed countries (LDCs) have experienced "dependent development," and that some internal and external intervening factors mattered in that process. Utilizing a framework of "dependent development," the data analysis deals with the political economy of development in these countries. This analysis supports the fundamental arguments of the dependent development perspective, which emphasize positive effects of foreign capital dependence in domestic capital formation and industrialization in East Asian LDCs. This perspective assumes the active role of the state, and it is found here to be crucial in capital accumulation and in economic growth. This cross-national time-series analysis also shows that the effects of external dependence and military spending on capital accumulation and economic growth can be considered as a regional phenomenon. The dependent development perspective offers a useful way to understand economic dynamism of East Asian LDCs for the past two decades.
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Elk, Robert E. "A study of the effects of the Southeast Asian intrusive power system on the foreign policy of Indonesia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64076.
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Hsu, Chen-kuo. "The political base of changing strategy toward private enterprise in Taiwan, 1945-1955." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18694101.html.
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Seifert, Lukáš. "Proměna teritoriální struktury zahraničního obchodu Československa v letech 1945-1953 se zaměřením na Sovětský svaz." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360423.
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The thesis maps the change in the territorial structure of Czechoslovak foreign trade in 1945-1953. The aim of the study is verification of the hypothesis that allows for direct foreign trade policy constraints on political events. In other words, as the gradual political integration of Czechoslovakia into the Soviet bloc touched territorial structure of foreign trade. The text examines the changing trend in foreign trade, which has been shown by growth of the share of the USSR at the expense of the capitalist states, and addresses the question of whether and how much the Soviet Union could replace the liberal market economy. The work contributes to the knowledge of the functioning of the post-war period with foreign exchange trading and describes the influence of foreign trade by the disproportionately greater economic and political entity.
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Lee, Kin-ying Esmond, and 李建英. "Financial sector development in Hong Kong and Singapore: competitive or complementary." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31949964.
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Bordiss, Bradley John. "Ideas and power: shaping monetary policy in South Africa 1919-1936." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011605.
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In the concluding paragraphs of Keynes’ General Theory, Keynes suggests that vested interests (power) may dominate in the short term, but that “sooner or later, it is ideas, not vested interests, which are dangerous for good or evil” (Keynes; 1936:384). This dissertation seeks to establish whether this is so, and to what extent, in the period 1919 to 1936, insofar as the shaping of monetary policy was concerned. The context that South Africa found itself in at the time was one in which Britain, the colonising power, was in economic decline. Britain’s real economy had lost its lead in the world in the late 1800s, and by our period, 1919 – 1936, she was now struggling to maintain her dominance of the world’s financial economy. South African gold flows to London, and a South African monetary policy supportive of British monetary policy, became more important than ever to Britain. On the back of its ascendant real economy, the United States of America was fast developing its financial sector as a rival to that centered on London. In the broader monetary policy world, the orthodox monetary regime of the Gold Standard, which had worked so well in the period from 1875 to 1914, was firstly difficult to reestablish, and once established, difficult to maintain. Opinion on what should be done was divided between the majority who favoured a return to the orthodoxy, and a much smaller group, including John Maynard Keynes, who argued that the Gold Standard should no longer be the preferred monetary system. In South Africa, our period starts 17 years after the Second Boer War. Afrikaner nationalists intent on establishing independence from Britain, competed with those, including Jan Christiaan Smuts, who believed that tying our policy up with that of the British Empire was the best for South Africa. It is in this context that a naturalised Briton, which the research shows was a loyal servant of the London power elite, was appointed by the Empire-friendly Smuts government to advise the South African government on monetary policy, the setting up of the South African Reserve Bank, the appointment of its first Governor and other matters in the period up until the fall of this government in 1924. It is also in this context that an American ‘Currency Doctor’ and Professor of Economics at Princeton University, which the research shows was intimately connected with the American government and Benjamin Strong at the Federal Reserve, was appointed by the Pact government later in 1924, and who was anxious to throw off the yoke of British control. The theoretical paradigm of this study is that developed by John Maynard Keynes and after him by the post-Keynesian economists, particularly Basil Moore and Hyman P. Minsky. Instead of considering the theory chronologically, book by book, the theory section deals with the subject matter in the themes which came up in the monetary policy debates of the time, looking at all the theoretical literature that applied to these various themes. Aside from the correction of errors of emphasis and errors of fact dealt with in chapter two, chapter five of the dissertation is where most of the original research is reflected. This is the section which deals in depth with the experts that advised the South Africans at the time, how they came to be appointed, whose interests they served, what theories they used in support of their positions, and what was the decision-making process; from their appointment, until their reports were drafted into the law of the Union of South Africa. While Ally’s work (1994) is accepted as the principal work on the influence of the Bank of England, and Britain’s control of South African gold on South African gold and monetary policy, this dissertation claims legitimacy based on a much closer look at the motives and vested interests of the experts advising the South African government at the time. By the end of this chapter, I believe we are better placed to understand and analyse the relative influence of ideas and power on monetary policy in the period 1919 – 1936.
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Smetana, Martin. "Velká Británie mezi lety 1918-1945. Příspěvek k britské hospodářské a regionální politice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193130.
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Master's thesis focuses on the British economy in the first half of the 20th century and examines the most important components of the economic and regional policy in this period. The aim of the work is to discover the main impact of the first and second world war on the economy of Great Britain while emphasizing the role of the arising regional policy in this period. An evaluation of the most important macroeconomical indicators is performed to fulfil the aim of the work. Results of this paper show that the First World War led to the decline of traditional industries. This was supported in the inter-war years by the decrease of demand, high real wages and overvaluation of the pound while returning to the gold standard. Because the employment was mainly concentrated in the declining industries, which were regionally located, regional disparities in the country increased. The high unemployment in these regions led to the beginnings of state controlled regional policy. However significant decrease of the unemployment was only achieved with the mobilisation of the economy during the Second World War and the impact of new growing industries in the fifties.
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Deville, Hervé. "Analyse des relations entre le secteur ouvert et le secteur protégé d'une petite économie ouverte et incidences sectorielles des politiques économiques: application au cas de la Belgique au moyen d'une analyse de déséquilibre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212765.
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Neef, G. D. "The failure of quadripartite negotiations for economic reform and the blockade of Berlin : American policy, currency reform and the division of Germany, 1945-48." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272933.
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Jelínek, Tomáš. "Pojištovny v českých zemích v letech 1938 - 1945. Konfiskace pojistek." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96427.
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This dissertation is focused on an analysis of economic policies toward the private insurance industry in the Czech lands between 1938 and 1945 and a description of insurance policy confiscations by the Nazi authorities. It examines the division of insurance companies after the Munich Pact and the subsequent new spheres of influence in the insurance industry. It looks closely at the new conditions for the industry within the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and its development from 1939 to 1945. The author describes different strategies through which Nazi authorities and German companies increased their control over protectorate insurance companies and how the confiscated assets were transferred to Germany. The process of Aryanization is also explained.
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Smith, Margaret. "Export earnings instability in Brazil, 1953-1983." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75668.
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The central focus is on the testing of the causes and effects of export earnings instability in Brazil, 1953-1983. While Brazil has been included in some cross-sectional studies of fluctuations in export earnings, it has not been the subject of a case study, as is provided here. We test the traditional theory which stipulates that increased diversification of exports will decrease export earnings instability, and that in turn, a decrease in export earnings instability will enhance economic growth. While we do find that export diversification in Brazil did result in lower export earnings instability, the lower export earnings instability did not in turn stimulate economic growth. Our results indicate that the export earnings instability of manufactured goods was positively associated with the growth rate of Brazil's Gross National Product. The results of this case study may prove relevant to other developing countries striving to emulate the Brazilian success in diversifying into manufactured exports.
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Phelps, Thomas Edward. "The German peasant family, 1925-1939 : the problems of the republic and the impact of national socialism." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720350.
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Rural society during the German National Socialist movement has been overlooked by most historians. Instead the urban elements are stressed. I have chosen to study the impact of National Socialism upon peasant families.Three major limitations exist for this project. First, only the peasant family itself is reviewed. Second, this project is concerned only with the years from 1925 through 1339. Third, this project limits its review to only that territory comprising Germany after World War I. This was done to allow for a more equal comparison of agricultural statistics.The construction of this project remains simple. Three major chapters exist. Chapter One reviews the Republic: its politics, economy, and the problems of the peasant family. The remaining chapters then review these problems as they were resolved by the National Socialists. Chapter Two reviews the family itself: family size, health, inheritance, and social status. Chapter Three reviews farm-management: production, mechanization, labor, and prosperity. Both chapters are divided into two parts: part one reviews the new policies; part two reviews the impact.The findings of this project were different than expected. I had expected to find minimum improvement in the condition of peasant families. Instead, I discovered that, in general, these policies failed in their objectives. The reasons for these failures differed. But much of the blame rests in faults of the laws themselves. Final results, however, were mixed. Farm-management improved slightly, but the family itself witnessed reduced health. The average family was not destitute, but neither did it prosper.Department of History
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Berger, Jane Alexandra. "When hard work doesn't pay gender and the urban crisis in Baltimore, 1945-1985 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195075936.
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Scogin, Katie Elizabeth. "Britain and the Supreme Economic Council 1919." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332330/.
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This dissertation attempts to determine what Britain expected from participation in the Supreme Economic Council (SEC) of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and to what extent its expectations were realized. An investigation of available sources reveals that access to European markets and raw materials and a balance of power to prevent French, German, or Russian hegemony in Europe were British foreign policy goals that SEC delegates sought to advance.
Primary sources for this study include unpublished British Foreign Office and Cabinet records, published British, United States, and German government documents, unpublished personal papers of people directing SEC efforts, such as David Lloyd George, Austen Chamberlain, Cecil Harmsworth, Harry Osborne Mance, and John Maynard Keynes, and published memoirs and accounts of persons who were directly or indirectly involved with the SEC. Secondary accounts include biographies and histories or studies of the Peace Conference and of countries affected by its work.
Primarily concerned with the first half of 1919, this dissertation focuses on British participation in Inter-allied war-time economic efforts, in post-war Rhineland control, in the creation of the SEC, and in the SEC endeavors of revictualling Germany, providing food and medical relief for eastern Europe, and reconstructing European communications. It concludes with Britain's role in the attempt to convert the SEC into an International Economic Council in the last half of 1919 and with the transfer of SEC duties to the Reparations Commission and to the League of Nations.
Through participation in the SEC, Britain led in negotiating the Brussels Agreement and in establishing the Rhineland Commission and the German Economic Commission, reversing French attempts to control the Rhenish economy, preventing French hegemony in Europe, and gaining access to German markets for British goods. Although it failed to achieve its goals of strong eastern European states and access to markets and raw materials there, Britain led in restoration of communications and participated in the relief effort which saved the new states from anarchy in 1919.
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Bernardi, Livia Beatriz Moreira. "Ortodoxia economica nas origens da era Vargas : continuidade ou ruptura?" [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285805.
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Orientador: Pedro Paulo Zahluth BastosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:17:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardi_LiviaBeatrizMoreira_M.pdf: 887794 bytes, checksum: 84a2bd66bcf1d1c18bb12389971b12a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A dissertação tem por objetivo realizar uma análise sobre a recuperação da economia brasileira, baseada em uma resenha crítica das divergências interpretativas suscitadas pela controvérsia inicial entre Celso Furtado (1959) e Cláudio Manoel Peláez (1968) e (1972), estendida posteriormente por outros autores. A principal conclusão é que a política econômica na década de 1930 não pode ser entendida apenas procurando-se inferir, do resultado das políticas implementadas, ou de sua legitimação retórica, qual orientação ideológica a orientou. É necessário reconstituir o contexto histórico complexo marcado pela crise de hegemonia política local e pela crise financeira global para entender os conflitos e motivações que, sob um jogo contraditório de pressões, orientaram a política econômica para uma superação gradual (mas não linear) da ortodoxia econômica na década de 1930
Abstract: The main goal of this dissertation is to make an analysis of the recovery of the Brazilian economy, based in a critical summary of the divergences of interpretations excited by the initial controversy between Celso Furtado (1959) and Cláudio Manoel Peláez (1968) e (1972), extended later by other authors. The main conclusion is that the economic policy that took place during the years of 1930 can¿t be understood only by looking at the results of the politics implemented, or trying to understand the rhetorical that guided the ideological orientation. It is necessary to rebuild the complex historical context marked by the crisis of hegemony of the local politics and by the global financial crisis to be able to understand the conflicts and motivations that, under a contradictory game of pressures, had guided the economic policy for an overcoming gradual (but not linear) of the economic orthodoxy during the years of 1930
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Foisy, Cory A. "Soviet war-readiness and the road to war : 1937-41." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79938.
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This is a study of the foreign and domestic policies of the USSR as they pertain to its war-readiness, as well as the degree to which these policies presumably opened the door to the European conflagration and, in 1941, to the Nazi-Soviet war. Topics to be discussed include: (1) the crash industrialization of the Soviet Union and industrial war preparations from 1928--41; (2) the development of Soviet military doctrine before and after 12 June 1937; (3) a critical re-examination of the popularly accepted reasons for the devolution of the Soviet armed forces; and (4) Soviet foreign policy from 1937--41. The chronological end of the paper (1941) is followed by a brief epilogue discussing the evident success of the Soviet industrialization program by reference to Soviet industrial performance during the Nazi-Soviet war. Furthermore, the epilogue will challenge the popular depiction of the German invasion as an effortless, seamless advance into the Soviet heartland.
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Depoortere, Rolande A. "La Belgique et les réparations allemandes après la première Guerre mondiale, 1919-1925." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212662.
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Pierchon, Jean-Baptiste. "Le Gouverneur Général Martial Merlin." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10060.
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Martial Merlin a été Gouverneur général de l'Afrique équatoriale française (de 1909 à 1917), de l'Afrique occidentale française (de 1919 à 1923) et de l'Indochine (de 1923 à 1925). Il est le seul Administrateur colonial à avoir occupé les trois grands Gouvernements généraux de la France d'Outre-mer. L'AEF, l'AOF et l'Indochine étaient des Groupes de colonies : ils furent créés à la fin du XIXe siècle, afin de donner une unité de direction à des colonies jusque là dispersées. L'étude de l'œuvre et de la doctrine coloniales de Merlin nous permet de mieux connaître l'institution du Gouvernement général. Merlin souhaitait que l'Administration fût organisée sur des bases claires. Il a défini les attributions de chaque organe du Gouvernement général et il a souligné le rôle essentiel du Gouverneur général, chargé de donner une unité de direction politique et économique aux territoires regroupés. Merlin souhaitait également que l'Administration s'appuyât sur des bases solides. Il a mis en œuvre une politique de Gouvernement indirect, afin de diriger les populations indigènes par l'intermédiaire de leurs chefs coutumiers. Organe de coordination économique, le Gouverneur général devait assurer la mise en valeur de son Groupe de colonies : Merlin a défini une politique de développement précise, tout en se souciant des moyens de sa politique de développement (il a notamment réglementé le régime de la main d'oeuvre). Organe de direction politique, le Gouverneur général devait convaincre les indigènes des bienfaits de la "Paix française" : Merlin a défini (et mis en oeuvre) une politique de "contact", afin d'entraîner l'adhésion des indigènes à la cause française, tout en menant une politique "défensive", face à l'irruption de mouvements étrangers hostiles à la présence françaiseMartial Merlin was the Governor General of the AEF (French equatorial Africa) from 1909 to 1917, of the AOF (French western Africa) from 1919 to 1923 and of Indochina from 1923 to 1925. He is the only colonial administrator to have served as Governor General of all three organizations of the French colonies. The AEF, AOF and Indochina, each grouping together many colonies, were created at the end of the nineteenth century, in order to impose a coherence to the direction of the colonies, which up until then had been administered separately. A study of the colonial theory expressed in the works of Merlin provides an insight into the institution of the Government General. Merlin affirmed that the administration of the colonies should be organized on a clear basis. He assigned specific attributes to each organ of the Government General, and emphasized that the essential role was to be played by the Governor General, whose duty it was to define a unified policy for the political and economic direction of the various territories. Seeking a firm basis for this administration, Merlin implemented a policy of indirect government, controlling the native population by using their customary chiefs as intermediaries. As an agent of economic coordination, the Governor General was to turn to good account his group of colonies ; Merlin defined a policy of development which included initiatives to insure the means by which to implement that policy (he introduced, for example, a set of labor regulations). As an agent of political direction, the Governor General was to convince the natives of the advantages of the "French peace" ; Merlin defined and implemented a policy of “contact”, in order to gain the support of the natives to the French cause, while at the same time practicing a "defensive" policy, made necessary by the eruption of movements hostile to the French presence
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Chancerel, Pierre. "Le marché du charbon en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1921)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100142/document.
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La Première Guerre mondiale prive la France d’une partie des mines du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, d’un grand nombre de mineurs et des importations de combustible allemandes et belges. En dépit des principes libéraux de la Troisième République, l’État, pour résoudre la pénurie, est conduit à intervenir de plus en plus dans la production, le transport et la commercialisation du charbon. À partir de l’été 1917, le ministre de l’Armement Louis Loucheur organise une administration spécifique, le Bureau national des Charbons, qui exerce la mainmise sur ce marché en regroupant les producteurs et les consommateurs, en fixant les prix et en réglementant la répartition. Après l’armistice, l’augmentation des prix anglais et la faible exécution des livraisons de charbon allemand rendent nécessaires le maintien du contrôle de l’administration. L’objectif du Bureau national des Charbons est alors d’unifier le marché national en essayant d’instaurer des prix de vente uniques sur tout le territoire. Mais en avantageant certaines catégories de consommateurs, il devient également un instrument de politique économique. Ce régime de guerre est supprimé brutalement au début de 1921. La France fait alors face à une crise industrielle de surproduction qui met fin à la pénurie et remet en cause l’intervention de l’État dans le marchéDuring the First World War, France loses some coalmines in Nord and Pas-de-Calais, a large number of miners and German and Belgian imports. Despite the liberal principles of the Third Republic, the French State intervenes more and more into the production, the transport and the commercialization of coal to fix the shortage. From summer 1917, the Minister of Armament Louis Loucheur settles a specific administration, the Bureau national des Charbons, which controls the whole market: it gathers producers and consumers, fixes prices and rules the repartition. After the Armistice, increased English prices and insufficient German deliveries impose on the administration to keep controlling the market. The Bureau national des Charbons aims to unify the national market with single sales price for the whole country. It also becomes an instrument of economic policy since it can give some advantages to specific categories of consumer. At the beginning of 1921, this war system is suddenly dismantled. France faces then an industrial overproduction crisis which gives an end to the shortage and questions the State’s market intervention
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Crombois, Jean-François. "Camille Gutt et le gouvernement de Londres: aspects politiques, économiques et financiers de la participation belge à la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211995.
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Haddaoui, Mohamed. "Analyse économique et politico-économique du comportement des décideurs publics : les fonctions de réaction des autorités monétaires françaises 1971.I - 1990.IV." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10006.
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La régulation macro-économique a nécessité une ingérence croissante et massive de l’Etat dans l’économie. En conséquence, l’analyse économique se doit d’intégrer (endogénéiser) le comportement des décideurs publics dans ses schémas théoriques. Les fonctions de réaction constituent un instrument analytique qui permet de s’interroger sur les mobiles qui conditionnent les choix en matière de politique économique. Leur hypothèse de base consiste à doter l’Etat et les organismes bureaucratiques placés sous sa tutelle d’un schéma de rationalité cohérent ; celui-là même prêté par l’analyse économique traditionnelle à tout individu, à savoir la satisfaction de l’intérêt individuel. Au niveau de la politique monétaire, l’analyse du comportement de la Banque Centrale face au Gouvernement a permis de rendre compte des choix effectués dans ce domaine et d’analyser leur évolution sur les décennies 70 et 80Macroeconomic regulation have implied an increasing interference of the State in the economic private activity. Consequently, economic analysis must endogenies the behavior of public decision makers. The reaction function of the authorities is an analytical instrument which permit to analyse political economic choices of decision makers. Their basic hypothesis is to consider that State ans its bureaucratic agents, like individuals in traditional economic analysis, have their own preferences. On the ground of monetary policy, analysis of behavior if Central Bank and Government have allowed to study the evolution of the choices of the authorities overs 70s and 80s
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Smrčinová, Tereza. "Tradice a současnost česko-nizozemských vztahů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113564.
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The master thesis analyzes a development of Czech-Dutch relations from the first contacts in the Middle Ages till the present. The thesis is divided into chapters chronologically but the emphasis is placed on the 20th century also because of the number of sources. Bilateral relations of these two actors of the international relations are examined on the political, economic and cultural level. The master thesis is based first of all on the archival sources of the Ministry of Foreign Affaires of the Czech Republic and it is the first overview which is given on the mutual Czech-Dutch relations according to the three above mentioned levels.
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Valla, Edward J. "The Czechoslovakian reaction to perestroika : an examination of political and economic change in Czechoslovakia from 1985 to 1990." 1991. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2488.
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Kupka, Jiří. "Československo-argentinské hospodářské vztahy v letech 1945-1989 v materiálech českých archivů." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332628.
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This thesis aims to present and analyse economic relations between Czechoslovakia and Argentina in the years 1945-1989 (i.e. a period that almost precisely coincides with the duration of the Cold War. The work focuses on a historical analysis of primary sources and archival documents of the Czechoslovak Federal Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade. This material was selected in light of the rarity of secondary literature devoted to this area. To a certain extent, this is a pioneering work, especially given the fact that the archives of the Federal Ministry of Foreign Trade have not yet been declassified and still enjoy only limited usage (processing) in a single publication. One primary function of foreign trade with the Latin American countries (with the obvious exception of Cuba) was to foster good relations between South America and Czechoslovakia during the Cold War. The study of this use of trade as a foreign policy instrument can provide useful lessons about pragmatic considerations to be borne in mind when designing foreign policy as a whole. The thesis presents new findings on the topic and attempts what may constitute the most comprehensive attempt to address economic relations between the aforementioned countries within a defined period.
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Eberstadt, Nick. "Policy and economic performance in divided Korea, 1945-1995." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38041138.html.
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