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Academic literature on the topic 'Czechoslovakia Economic policy 1945-'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Czechoslovakia Economic policy 1945-"

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Zorin, A. V. "The problem of American Loans and Credits for Czechoslovakia in 1945–1948." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-1-70-56-81.

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The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the US European policy after World War II: the issue of loans and credits to affected countries. Using the example of Czechoslovakia, the author tries to answer a number of important questions: did Washington have a sound financial and economic policy towards this country, what goals did it pursue, what were its results? The study is based on the US Department of State archive documents and papers of the American ambassador to Czechoslovakia L.A. Steinhardt. The US financial policy towards Czechoslovakia in the early post-war years was the subject of intense debate in the United States. The author reveals evidence of serious disagreement between economic and political divisions of the State Department about providing of financial assistance to Prague, its size and terms of lending. Particular attention is paid to Steingardt’s position and his attempts to determine American loans and credits to Prague by upholding the property interests of American citizens. These disagreements hindered the development of a single thoughtful course regarding the Czechoslovak Republic and complicated diplomatic relations with Prague; negotiations on the allocation of large loans for the economic recovery of the Czechoslovak Republic dragged on. A fundamental role in the establishment of a new US political course had Secretary of State James Byrnes’ decision, made in the fall of 1946, on the inadmissibility of providing assistance to countries that have taken anti-American positions. This approach was finally entrenched after the Communists coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, when the country entered the Soviet sphere of influence. The article concludes that the post-war US policy was not distinguished by integrity and thoughtfulness.
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Rakonjac, Aleksandar. "IZMEĐU TRANSFERA TEHNOLOGIJA I DOMAĆIH REŠENJA: IZGRADNJA MOTORNE INDUSTRIJE U JUGOSLAVIJI 1945−1952." Istorija 20. veka 40, no. 2/2022 (August 1, 2022): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2022.2.rak.405-422.

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This article aims to shed light on how the Yugoslav motor industry in the first post-war years sought to overcome the difficulties of mastering the technology of motor vehicle production on a modern industrial basis. During this period, gigantic efforts were made to get the country out of economic backwardness in the shortest possible time. The motor industry had one of the key roles on the path of modernization of the economy, and the state accordingly paid special attention to the construction of factories in this branch of industry. Reliance on pre-war pioneering moves of truck fabrication based on a license purchased in Czechoslovakia was the main capital with which began the process of emancipation of the domestic motor industry. Due to the impossibility to independently solve the issue of construction of all types of motor vehicles, help was sought abroad. Negotiations with the USSR and Hungary were started first, but even before the severance of all relations caused by the conflict between the Yugoslav and Soviet leadership, this attempt to establish cooperation failed. In the following years, after the failure in the East, the state concentrated all its efforts on establishing strong economic ties with the West. Thanks to favorable foreign policy circumstances, the reorientation of state policy had achieved great economic benefits for the further construction of the motor industry. Licenses for the fabrication of the “Ansaldo TCA/60” tractor were purchased, thus resolving the production of all heavy types of vehicles, as well as the production of oil-powered engines. By the early 1950s, cooperation had been established with several renowned companies from Germany, Italy and Switzerland, which provided opportunities for the Yugoslav engine industry to keep pace with the latest technological solutions. However, despite the transfer of technology that played a dominant role in raising the national car and tractor industry, domestic forces played a significant role in the production of the first air-cooled engine, a light wheeled tractor with a gasoline engine and the “Prvenac” truck. The Yugoslav example has shown that reliance on one’s own strength and international cooperation are two inextricably important factors in overcoming all the difficulties that come with the forced industrialization.
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ČOVIĆ, PAULINA. "FOREIGN STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE AND THEIR INTEREST IN THE HISTORY OF SOUTH SLAVS (1923–1941)." ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, no. 30 (December 25, 2019): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2019.30.197-216.

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The paper examines the schooling of foreign students, holders of the scholarships awarded by the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, at the University of Belgrade between the two World Wars. The first competitions were opened mid 1920s, with those countries which aided the schooling of Yugoslav students at their respective universities being eligible to apply. During the 1930s student exchange continued, in an apparently more extensive and organized manner, only to be extended at the end of the period under review to include countries with which the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in accordance with the change of foreign policy orientation, established close political and economic relations. Thus, in the beginning, students from France, Great Britain, Czechoslovakia and Poland came to study in Belgrade, whereas, during the years before World War II, students also came from Turkey, Germany and Italy. Scholarship holders most often worked on developing their knowledge of Serbo-Croatian-Slovenian, studied literature and Yugoslav culture in general. Many of them chose to study history, whether as part of their undergraduate or specialist studies. They are the particular focus of this study. The paper is based on unpublished archival sources, periodicals and relevant historiographic literature.
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Schweitzer, Vladimir. "USSR and Germany: on the Way to June 22, 1941." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope62020202213.

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The article deals with the Soviet-German relations in the period of 1939‒1941. It is shoun that after signing of the Munich agreements in September, 1938, Germany generally defined its strategy of pressure on countries that fit into the Hitler’s concept of "Push to the East". Its victims in 1935 were Czechoslovakia and Poland. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France sought to review the "policy of appeasement" of Hitler and were ready to join the USSR in the search for ways to prevent Hitler's expansion. However, the inconsistency and contradictoriness of this "change of milestones" strengthened the position of the Soviet leadership in favour of reaching agreements with Germany. The summer of 1939 was the apotheosis of fruitless negotiations between the "Troika" (the USSR, Great Britain and France), which objectively prompted Moscow to accept the German proposal for fundamentally new bilateral agreements (the Pact of August 23, 1939). Subsequent events up to June 22, 1941 showed the unreliability of agreements with Nazism, facilitated the fleeting victory of Germany over Poland and France, and the actual isolation of Great Britain. Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union did not remove from the Soviet leadership the historical guilt of being unprepared for war with fascism, for the colossal human and territorial losses of the first stage of the Great Patriotic War
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McCagg, William O. "Gypsy Policy in Socialist Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1945–1989." Nationalities Papers 19, no. 3 (1991): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999108408206.

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In discussion of ethnic minorities in Eastern Europe, one hears regularly of appalling official misbehavior—not just about attempted genocide (though that too), but also about bureaucratic cruelties inflicted in every field of human activity and at every level of control. Nonetheless, it is always useful to have a measurable basis for assessing unfairness; and historians have the special task of inquiring rationally why and how unfairness came about. Hence the following paper, which attempts not just to condemn, but to explain and evaluate the Hungarian and Czechoslovak official treatment of the Gypsies in recent decades. As is fairly well known, this treatment has included not only harassment of populations which presently exceed 600,000 people in each country, but also (in both countries) systematic abduction of children by the state from unwilling Gypsy parents, and (in Czechoslovakia) equally systematic sterilization of Gypsy women.Since the point of the paper is to reach beyond mere indictment, I will use a comparative method. Specifically, in recounting each stage of the development of policy towards the Gypsies I will compare what was being done to two other groups: the Jews, on the one hand, and the physically disabled on the other.
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SCRANTON, PHILIP. "Managing Communist Enterprises: Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, 1945–1970." Enterprise & Society 19, no. 3 (September 2018): 492–537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.13.

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Business history for three generations has focused almost exclusively on capitalist firms, their managers, and their relations with markets, states, and rivals. However, enterprises on all scales also operated within communist nations “building socialism” in the wake of World War II. This article represents a first-phase exploration of business practices in three Central European states as Stalinism gave way to cycles of reform and retrenchment in the 1960s. Focusing chiefly on industrial initiatives, the study asks: How did socialist enterprises work and change across the first postwar generation, given their distinctive principles and political/economic contexts, and implicitly, what contrasts with capitalist activities are worth considering.
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Zorin, Artyom V. "Problem of Compensation for American Property in Czechoslovakia in 1945–1948." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, no. 4 (202) (2020): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.072.

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This article explores one aspect of the US policy in Europe between 1945 and 1948. Following World War II, Washington’s increased influence required new mechanisms and ways of behaviour. US diplomacy needed to combine its traditional course meant to protect American interests with the intention of expanding its influence and support democratic governments in the liberated states. However, the policy was accompanied by several serious problems and contradictions, e.g. the US relations with Czechoslovakia concerning the compensation for the nationalised and requisitioned property of American citizens. Conducted to improve and recover its economy within the socialist reforms course, the measures were perceived in the US as evidence of an increased Communist and Soviet influence. The inability of the Czechoslovak government to pay compensation and prolonged negotiations put American diplomats in front of a choice between the protection of their citizens’ property interests and continuing to support pro-Western forces in Czechoslovakia. The weakness of the Czechoslovak economy and its limited financial resources were not accepted by the Americans as a good enough reason for concessions. Washington took a principled stand declaring the need for adequate and effective compensation as a condition for the development of any other relations. It used financial pressure — blocking loans and credits which Czechoslovakia was desperate for. This led to a deterioration of bilateral relations and influenced the decline of popularity of pro-Western political forces in Czechoslovakia, ending with the Communist takeover in 1948, which made compensation impossible for a few decades to come.
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Nikodym, Tomáš, Lukáš Nikodym, and Tereza Pušová. "Post-War Czechoslovakia: A Theoretical Critique." Journal of Heterodox Economics 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jheec-2015-0014.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the proposals of post-war order in Czechoslovakia and its theoretical analysis. While there exists a wide range of studies, both Czech and foreign, dedicated to the history of Czechoslovakia in the post-war period, a majority of the studies deals with political development. Then the interpretations of the failure of President Beneš’ “distinct model of socialism” are purely political – weakness of President Beneš and democratic elites, the aggressive politics of Communist party, influence of Soviet diplomacy, etc. On the other hand, economic studies are only descriptive without theoretical analysis of proposed post-war order. Our paper offers different interpretation of the fall of Czechoslovak democratic regime (1945–1948). Using the framework of Austrian school, we are trying to show the institutional incompatibility of proposed post-war order. Special emphasis is put on the relation of freedom, democracy and socialist economic planning.
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Adam, Jan. "Economic development and structural policy in Czechoslovakia after 1968." Journal of Comparative Economics 14, no. 1 (March 1990): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(90)90090-v.

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Yungblyud, Valery. "Daily Life of the American Embassy in Czechoslovakia in 1945—1948." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016048-1.

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The article is devoted to the study of various aspects of daily life of the US Embassy in Czechoslovakia in 1945—1948. The author considers the main areas of its work, major problems and difficulties that American diplomats had to overcome being in difficult conditions of the post-war economic recovery and international tension growth. Special attention is paid to the role of Ambassador L. A. Steinhardt, his methods of leadership, interactions with subordinates, with the Czechoslovak authorities and the State Department. This allows to reveal some new aspects of American diplomacy functioning, as well as to identify poorly explored factors that influenced American politics in Central Europe during the years when the Cold War was brewing and tensions between Moscow and Washington were rising. The article is based on unpublished primary sources from the American archives.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Czechoslovakia Economic policy 1945-"

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Clements, Carson W. "THE DEVELOPMENT AND FAILURE OF AMERICAN POLICY TOWARD CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 1938-1948." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1101228119.

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Piahanau, Aliaksandr. "Policy of Hungary towards Czechoslovakia in 1918–1936." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20014.

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L’éclatement de l’Autriche-Hongrie en un ensemble des nouvelles nations en 1918 constitue un événement clé dans l’historiographie de l’Europe centrale. Cette thèse porte sur les relations bilatérales entre deux Etats « nouveau nés » – la Hongrie et la Tchécoslovaquie. Elle se concentre plus particulièrement sur la politique extérieure hongroise et sur les perceptions, motivations et décisions du gouvernement hongrois et de ses différents organes politiques vis-à-vis de la République tchécoslovaque. Cette thèse questionne l'historiographie dominante qui décrit les relations entre Budapest et Prague dans l’entre-deux-guerres à travers le prisme de leur conflit territorial sur la Slovaquie et la Ruthénie – deux provinces hongroises annexées par la Tchécoslovaquie en 1918–1919. Cette recherche confirme que les élites hongroises et les cercles gouvernementaux espéraient récupérer ces territoires, mais elle démontre aussi que Budapest s’est efforcé d'éviter un conflit ouvert avec Prague, considérant que la Tchécoslovaquie était plus peuplée, industrialisée, militarisée et avait plus d'alliances internationales que la Hongrie. A partir des sources primaires principalement en hongrois et en tchèque, mais aussi en slovaque, en français et en anglais, trouvées dans les archives de Budapest et de Prague et dans des ouvrages publiés, cette thèse soutient que le gouvernement hongrois envisageait sérieusement de développer la coopération politique, économique et internationale avec Prague dans les années médianes de l'entre-deux-guerres. Cette thèse est organisée en cinq parties. Quatre périodes se distinguent: l’après-guerre (1918-21, part. 2), les années 20 (1922-1930, part. 3), le début des années 30 (1931-36, part. 5). La première partie traite des sources et de l'historiographie, tandis que la partie 4 s’intéresse plus en détails aux liens de l'opposition démocratique hongroise avec Prague en 1919–1932
The replacement of Austria-Hungary by series of new nations in 1918 is a key event in the historical reflections in Central Europe. This thesis deals with the bilateral relations between two "new born" states - Hungary and Czechoslovakia.This thesis pays special attention the topic of the foreign policy of Hungary, by exploring the perceptions, motives, and the decisions that the government of Budapest and its different political bodies expressed in regard to the Czechoslovak Republic. This thesis aims to challenge the mainstream historiography which portrays the Budapest-Prague relations between the two World Wars through the prism of the territorial dispute over Slovakia and Ruthenia, two Hungarian provinces that were annexed by Czechoslovakia in 1918–1919. This research confirms that the Hungarian elites and the governmental circles were indeed unsatisfied with the loss of these two regions. However, the historiography has over-estimated the impact of territorial dispute on the practical and every day political attitudes and the decision making process in Budapest. This thesis claims that the Hungarian government tended to avoid open conflicts with Prague, considering that Czechoslovakia was more populous, industrialized, militarized and had more international alliances than Hungary. Analyzing primary sources mainly in Hungarian, and Czech, but also in Slovak, French and English, found both in the archives in Budapest and Prague and in published versions, this thesis argues that the government of Hungary seriously considered developing political, economic and international cooperation with Prague in the middle years of the Interwar. This thesis is organized into five parts. The opening part deals with the sources and the historiography. Part 2 examines the Hungarian policy on Czechoslovakia in 1918–1921. Part 3 tackles the Budapest-Prague relations between 1922 and 1930. Part 4 portrays the connections of the Hungarian democratic opposition with Prague in 1919–1932. Part 5 uncovers the changes of the foreign policy of Hungary towards Czechoslovakia in 1931–1936
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Stewart, Heather Jackson. "UK sea fisheries policy-making since 1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31414.

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This is a study of approaches to fisheries management in the United Kingdom (UK) between 1945 and 1996. It examines the choices and incentives faced by UK Governments when designing policy instruments to deliver international commitments to sustainable fishing. The failure of international agreements to sustainably manage fisheries resources is often attributed to international institutions, the politicization of negotiations and their distributive outcomes. This thesis makes an original contribution by arguing that the success of international agreements was also dependent upon local negotiations that shaped the design of national delivery mechanisms. The central research question concerns the role and influence of local interests in delivering global economic and environmental agendas and how national governments accommodate local tensions within this process. A sustained content analysis of UK Government archives is used to argue that local political and sectional industry interests had a significant bearing on the development of UK fisheries policy and the design of domestic delivery mechanisms. The exception was UK policy on the international distribution of fisheries resources at the United Nations Law of the Sea Conferences (1958, 1960 and 1973-82). Economic considerations drove early environmental policy with sectional fishing industry interests of secondary importance to the potential economic benefits associated with the more valuable energy resources. In then seeking to implement controls on fishing activity, this thesis argues that UK fisheries management mechanisms were designed to compensate for tension between global commitments mandating a reduction in fishing effort and the local fleets and communities that had to bear the costs of industry contraction. This created a policy-making environment in which social and political motivations continually trumped the application of economic and scientific advice. This advice advocated a contraction in the size of the fleet which had become necessary as technical change and falling stocks resulted in overcapacity. The use of fisheries policy as a political tool to ease local tensions incentivised policy choices that directly contributed to the UK's failure to reduce fishing pressure and deliver international commitments. This thesis demonstrates the importance of local negotiations and interests in the construction of national and international approaches to environmental and natural resources problems.
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Gaskin, Ian William. "Palestine 1939-1945 : a study of colonial economic policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335677.

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Hempson, Donald Allen. "The lion with two tales Czechoslovak economic and foreign policy-making and its impact on U.S. relations, 1919-1929 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155052806.

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Hergottova, Irena. "A comparative study of communist and post-communist policy formation and implementation : case study of Roma policy in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia 1945-1998." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556171.

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Post-war Czechoslovakia experienced the development of a range of dedicated policies towards Roma. Communist governments' efforts culminated in the 1950s and 1960s with accommodation transfers, integration into the workforce and school admissions positive action projects. After the Prague Spring in 1968, these policies, often referred to as ''forced assimilation", were considerably reduced but efforts to integrate Roma into socialist welfare continued until 1989. One of the perceived weaknesses of the communist policies towards Roma was the failure to consult with indigenous Roma communities and recognise Roma as a national minority, despite calls for such a move from the Roma leadership during the Prague Spring. Democratic processes attached to the 1989 Velvet Revolution widened opportunities for resolving the historical grievances by offering a chance for Roma to form their own groups and for new political parties to pay more regard to international human rights frameworks. Despite the hopes offered by democratisation, this thesis offers evidence that due to frequent changes of government, ambiguous policy objectives inherited from the past, and insufficient knowledge of equal opportunities policies, particularly the absence of the new notion of social justice, little was achieved after 1989. This thesis contributes to the knowledge of policy formation and implementation from a historical perspective and across two political systems. It firstly challenges certain notions of the role of communist parties in the policy process that remain empirically under-researched. Secondly, it provides an opportunity to explore unrecognized links between ambiguous notions of Roma constructed within social science and approaches put forward by the governments over time. This thesis argues that the continuous lack of understanding of who Roma communities were and how they perceived themselves represented the two major factors of the weak implementation of policy in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia between 1945 and 1998.
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Akbaba, Turgay. "FROM NEUTRALITY TO ACTIVE ALLIANCE: TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY, 1945-1952." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/282183.

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History
M.A.
Basing its foreign policy on the Wilsonian internationalism, the new Turkish Republic established good relations with countries around the world. It signed neutrality and friendship treaties, and pursued a neutral foreign policy. However, at the end of World War II, it abandoned its longtime neutral foreign policy and aimed to establish closer ties with the American-led West. This thesis examines how and why Turkey shifted its foreign policy from neutrality to active alliance. In the first half of the thesis, I closely deal with what role international developments played in that shift. First, I focus on how Josef Stalin's efforts to obtain bases and joint-control with Turkey over the Turkish Straits created a threat to Turkey's national security. Then, I explore how this threat forced Turkey to leave its neutral foreign policy and seek closer ties with the U.S. In the second half of the thesis, I examine how Turkey's search for economic aid and military commitment accelerated and intensified the shift from neutrality to active alliance. First, I focus on how Turkish officials aggressively sought economic assistance from the U.S. and how U.S. officials became resistant to the Turkish requests for additional aid beginning with the second half of 1947. Considering that Turkey was less vulnerable to the Soviet threat, U.S. officials judged that Turkey did not need aid as much as Western Europe did. In order to overcome the resistance, Turkish officials exaggerated the Soviet threat and used the problem of high defense spending. Then, I explore how Turkish officials sought a military commitment from the U.S. A U.S. military commitment could alleviate the problem of high defense spending and facilitate the flow of economic aid from the U.S. Therefore, Turkish officials carried on a diplomatic offensive to secure a military commitment from the U.S. In doing so, they distanced themselves from neutrality and became an institutional ally of the U.S. in 1952.
Temple University--Theses
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Maeoka, Masao. "Japanese local economic development and industrial restructuring." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21699.

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Pazdera, Lukáš. "Hospodářský vývoj Československa v letech 1945 až 1948." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193596.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the economic development of Czechoslovakia after 1945 up to the political takeover in 1948, when communists finally assumed power. The work offers the view of Czech economy influenced by the experience of the Great Depression in the 1930s, occupation and the transformation of economic thinking in Europe. The main concern is to answer the questions to what extend the post-war reconstruction was successful, what the political conditions of the changes in our economy were and which economic results they produced. The land reform, final solution of German question by the expulsion of Germans, nationalisation of industry, codification of two-year economic plan and refusal of the Marshall plan are considered to be the key points. The allience with the Soviet Union played an important role too. The main conclusion of the work is that, in Czechoslovakia, the successful transformation from war economy to a mixed economy, in which the main role of the state was supplemented by a private sector, was accomplished. The existence of different alternatives of development, which could not be realized because of the increasing influence of communists in the government, is considered to be the key factor for the economic development in the years 1945-1948.
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Merta, Ondřej. "Vývoj československého zahraničního obchodu v letech 1945-1953." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-97026.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of international trade in Czechoslovakia from the end of World War II to the period of "sovietization". The author will examine foreign trade during the first post war years. He will concentrate on international trade in Czechoslovakia during 1945 -- 1953, especially on the problem of restricting trade with West European countries and strengthening ties with the Eastern bloc. The contribution of this paper consists mainly of creating a compact view of Czechoslovakian foreign trade after World War II until the end of the first five year plan (after the communist revolution).
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Books on the topic "Czechoslovakia Economic policy 1945-"

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Hasager, Leif. The economic development of Czechoslovakia, 1620-1985. [Frederiksberg C.]: Copenhagen School of Economics and Business Administration, Institute of Finance, 1986.

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Myant, M. R. The Czechoslovak economy, 1948-1988: The battle for economic reform. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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1945-, Follis Jane Thompson, ed. Reform cycles in Eastern Europe, 1944-1987: A comparative analysis from a sample of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Soviet Union. Berlin: In Kommission bei Duncker & Humblot, 1988.

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Jermakowicz, Władysław. Reform cycles in Eastern Europe, 1944-1987: A comparative analysis from a sample of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Soviet Union. Berlin: In Kommission bei Duncker & Humblot, 1988.

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1948-, Davis Christopher, Charemza Wojciech, and Conference on Modelling of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies (1987 : University of Birmingham), eds. Models of disequilibrium and shortage in centrally planned economies. London: Chapman and Hall, 1989.

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Czechoslovakia at the crossroads: The economic dilemmas of communism in postwar Czechoslovakia. Boulder [Colo.]: East European Monographs, 1985.

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Lageweg, M. M. E. Privatisation in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. Zoetermeer: Economic Faculty, Free University Amsterdam, 1992.

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Understanding economic policy. London: Routledge, 1992.

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Understanding economic policy. London: Routledge, 1991.

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Sychrava, Lev. Joint ventures in Czechoslovakia. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Czechoslovakia Economic policy 1945-"

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Bohatá, Marie. "Privatization in Czechoslovakia." In Ethics in Economics, Business, and Economic Policy, 141–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77434-8_10.

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Bělehrádek, Stanislav. "Competition Policy and Privatisation in Czechoslovakia." In The Role of Competition in Economic Transition, 49–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22833-1_4.

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Alford, B. W. E. "Government Policy and Economic Orthodoxy." In British Economic Performance, 1945–1975, 89–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08163-9_7.

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Rosenberg, Samuel. "Macroeconomic Policy, Economic Instability and Economic Growth." In American Economic Development since 1945: Growth, Decline and Rejuvenation, 43–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-9026-6_3.

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Allen, William A. "1945–51: Labour’s Macro-Economic Policies." In Monetary Policy and Financial Repression in Britain, 1951–59, 3–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137383822_2.

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Aunesluoma, Juhana. "Trade, Economic Cooperation and Foreign Policy, 1945–48." In Britain, Sweden and the Cold War, 23–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596252_2.

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Germuska, Pál. "Economic Growth and the Industrial Development Policy in Hungary, 1950–1975." In Industrial Policy in Europe after 1945, 321–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137329905_15.

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Foreman-Peck, James. "European Industrial Policies in the Post-War Boom: ‘Planning the Economic Miracle’." In Industrial Policy in Europe after 1945, 13–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137329905_2.

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Warlouzet, Laurent. "Towards a European Industrial Policy? The European Economic Community (EEC) Debates, 1957–1975." In Industrial Policy in Europe after 1945, 213–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137329905_10.

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Grüner, Stefan. "Ensuring Economic Growth and Socioeconomic Stabilization: Industrial Policy in West Germany, 1950–1975." In Industrial Policy in Europe after 1945, 86–112. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137329905_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Czechoslovakia Economic policy 1945-"

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Nenicka, Lubomir. "TRANSFORMATIONS OF EUROPEAN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE 20TH CENTURY. THE CASE OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN THE YEARS 1938 AND 1945." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.086.

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