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1
Gilad, Oren. "Characterization and control of the koi herpesvirus (KHV), a newly recognized pathogen of koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Cantu, Mark. "Shortened in Vivo Bioconcentration Factor Testing in Cyprinus Carpio." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407781/.
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Bioconcentration factor testing serves as the most valuable surrogate for the assessment of bioaccumulation. The assessment of potentially harmful chemicals is crucial to not only the health of aquatic environments, but to humans as well. Chemicals that possess the ability to persist in the environment or that have the potential to bioaccumulate, pose a greater risk to organisms that are exposed to these chemicals. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 305 outlines specific protocols to run an accurate and reliable aquatic flow-through test. However, since its adoption in 1996, very few changes have been made to accommodate the endeavor to lowering the amount of test species to run one of these said tests. Running an aquatic flow-through test, according to 305, takes much time and money as well as numerous amounts of fish. Such burdens can be eliminated through simple modifications to the standard protocols. In this study, we propose an abbreviated study design for aquatic bioconcentration testing which effectively alleviates the burdens of running a flow-through test. Four chemicals were used individually to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed shortened design; 4-Nonyphenol, Chlorpyrifos, Musk Xylene, and DDT. The study consisted of exposing Cyprinus carpio for 7 days followed by 7 days of depuration, for a total of a 14-day study. Our results for each of the four compounds are consistent with literature values, thus, demonstrating that BCFk can be accurately predicted in an abbreviated in vivo test.
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González, González Edgar David, and Olivan Leobardo Manuel Gómez. "Evaluación de la Toxicidad inducida por Antiinflamatorios No Esteroideos presentes en Agua de presa Madin sobre Cyprinus Carpio." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/20.500.11799/13918.
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Er, Gülsüm Arıkan Demir Necla Ekinci F. Yeşim. "Sazan balıklarından (Cyprinus carpio) elde edilen proteinlerin izolasyon yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01112.pdf.
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Retter, Karina [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zur Elektrobetäubung von Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) / Karina Retter." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054406650/34.
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Eid, Abd E. M. S. "The assessment of protein quality of carp (Cyprinus carpio) diets." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14526/.
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Protein quality of carp diets was assessed by five methods: 1. True digestibility, true NPU, BV (as percentage) and PER were determined for approximately iso-energetic diets containing ca.38% protein from 4 different sources. Fish meal gave values of 94.0, 72.5, 77.0, and 1.21 respectively; egg 93.0, 65.4, 70.3, 1.26; Pruteen 68.4, 63.6, 68.40, 1.36; and Casein 91.0, 56.90, 62.5, 1.33. 2. Blood urea were determined and found to be significantly increased with increasing protein concentration in the diet. 3. Ammonia excretion rate was determined; it increased with a decline in protein quality, being greater on groundnut, rapeseed meal, and sunflower diets than on fishmeal, cottonseed meal, and pruteen. 4. Protein sources were incubated in vitro with digestive fluids of fish. Protein digestibilities for fishmeal diets containing 14 and 27% protein were 90.2 and 93.0% respectively; casein (18 and 36%), 91.5 and 93.2%; soybean (10 and 20%), 84.2 and 85.3% ; sunflower (8 and 16%), 64.2 and 66.1%; and fish meal plus soybean meal (ca. 18.2%) 86.5. 5. Plasma free amino acids were individually determined at 0, 6, 24 and 48 h after force-feeding diets containing 15 and 30% protein from six different sources. Total free AA were highest at 24 h for casein and fishmeal, and at 48 h for egg, soybean, rapeseed and sunflower. The 24 h essential amino acid indices (EAAI) for the six diets at 15% protein were, in the same order, 93.0, 100, 100, 86.4, 62.4, and 97.2. At 30% protein, the 24 h EAAI were 78.5, 84.3, 100, and 83.8 for casein, fishmeal, egg, and rapeseed respectively.
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Oumouna, Mhamed. "Untersuchung der Empfänglichkeit von Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio), Koi-Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio koi), Zebrabärblingen (Danio rerio), Regenbogenforellen (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gegenüber Myxobolus cerebralis, dem Erreger der Drehkrankheit." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-101659.
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Oumouna, M'hamed. "Untersuchung der Empfänglichkeit von Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio), Koi-Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio koi), Zebrabärblingen (Danio rerio), Regenbogenforellen (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gegenüber Myxobolus cerebralis, dem Erreger der Drehkrankheit." München : Verl. Dr. Hut, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994799535/34.
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Gangl, Claudia. "Nachweis von Antikoerpern gegen das Cyprine Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) bei Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio) mittels ELISA." Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9050/.
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Islas, Flores Hariz, and Oliván Leobardo Manuel Gómez. "Evaluación de la Toxicidad de la Mezcla Ibuprofeno-Diclofenaco en Cyprinus Carpio." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/20.500.11799/13922.
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Barnard, Philip. "Gustatory and olfactory feeding responces in Japanese koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1787.
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Thesis (MPhil (Animal Sciences. Aquaculture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Chemo-attraction and –stimulation facilitate the initial location (olfactory response) and final consumption (gustatory response) of food in the feeding process of fish. Chemo-attractants or chemo-stimulants is therefore generally included in feeds for especially slow-feeding species to help reduce water fouling and to promote feed efficiency and growth rate through improved feed intake. Considering this, a study was performed to evaluate the attraction and stimulation potential of selected cereals and free amino acids in diets for Japanese koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Results are presented on the comparative evaluation of five cereals (maize, sorghum, wheat, rye and triticale), raw and cooked forms of maize and concentrations of betaine and selected free amino acids (alanine, arginine, lysine and methionine), as well as their additive effect.
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MacCarthy, Eugene. "Pentraxins and the acute phase response in common carp Cyprinus carpio." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436139.
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Rimbawan. "Digestibility and availability of amino acids from carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306701.
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Viadanna, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira. "Uso de imunoestimulante Saccharomyces cerevesiae em peixes da espécie Cyprinus carpio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-23052013-141853/.
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O aquarismo é uma atividade mundialmente difundida e um segmento extremamente grande da indústria de animais de estimação. O Brasil, em 2007, exportou o valor de US$ 5.871.576,73 em peixes. Devido à biologia dos peixes, todo seu manejo pode desencadear uma resposta fisiológica de estresse, que, dependendo da duração, tipo e espécie de manejo leva a uma resposta imunossupressora, que pode acarretar doença e morte aguda e consequentemente grande prejuízo à produção desses animais. O uso de imunoestimulantes, como suplementação dietética pode prover defesa inata e resistência a patógenos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de mananoligossacarídeo de levedo de cerveja (Saccharomyces cerevesiae), como imunoestimulante adicionado à ração oferecida a peixes da espécie Cyprinus carpio durante 45 dias. Para avaliar a imunidade dos peixes, foram feitas avaliações hematológicas periódicas e, no final do período determinado, os peixes foram desafiados imunologicamente com estresse e infectados com Aeromonas hydrophila. As carpas do grupo controle tiveram uma taxa de crescimento de 0,05 g/dia, conversão alimentar de 14,09 e eficiência protéica de 0,25, enquanto o grupo imunoestimulado obteve a taxa de crescimento de 0,11g/dia, conversão alimentar de 6,15 e eficiência protéica de 0,57. Não houve diferença estatística entre o resultado da hematologia dos animais do grupo controle e do grupo imunoestimulado. Dos animais infectados experimentalmente, 88% morreram em menos de 24 horas por choque endotóxico e, no exame post mortem, não houve diferença entre os grupos. A carpa que recebeu alimentação controle e foi infectada teve anemia macrocítica normocrômica, trombocitopenia, linfopenia, monocitose e aumento do número de CGE. A carpa que recebeu alimentação com MOS, foi infectada e sobreviveu, não apresentou alteração nos parâmetros hematológicos. A ração com MOS foi zootecnicamente melhor para a nutrição das carpas. Com base na taxa de sobrevivência e na avaliação hematológica, não há como responder se a ração suplementada com MOS foi imunologicamente melhor do que a ração controle.The aquarium hobby is an activity wordwide spread and a segment extremely large of the pet industry. Brazil, in 2007, exported an amount of US$ 5.871.576,73 of fishes. Due to the biology of the fishes, all its management can trigger a physiological response leading to stress, that depending on the duration, type and specie, can conclude in immunosuppressive response, leading to disease and acute death, creating a great prejudice. The use of immunostimulants, as dietary supplementation may provide an innate defense against pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using mannan oligosaccharide of brewer yeast (Saccharomyces cerevesiae) as immunostimulants added to the feed for koi fishes (Cyprinus carpio) during 45 days. To evaluate the immunity of the fishes, periodic hematologic evaluations were made and at the end of the determined period, the fishes were immunologically challenged with stress and inoculation with Aeromonas hydrophila. The control group had a growth rate of 0,05g/day, feed conversion of 14,09 and protein efficiency ratio of 0,25, while the treatment group had growth rate of 0,11g/day, feed conversion of 6,15 and protein efficiency ratio of 0,57. The hematological results showed no statistical difference between the control group and immunostimulant group according. Analyzing the experimental infected animals, 88% died within 24 hours, due to endotoxic shock, and in the post mortem examination, there were no difference between groups. The koi that received control feed and it was infected had macrocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, monocytosis and increased of special granulocytic cells. The koi that received the MOS feed, was infected with A. hydrophila and survived, had no alteration on haematological parameters. The feed with MOS was zootechnical better than the control feed to carps. Based on the rate of survival and hematology, there are no possibility of answering if supplemented feed with MOS was immunologic better than control feed.
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Oliveira, Marcos Antonio de [UNESP]. "Nicho espermatogonial em Cyprinus carpio e papel do Amh na espermaogênese." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115874.
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000805035.pdf: 2411576 bytes, checksum: 9f0726883ead4b9a53b80eccde5a3661 (MD5)Neste estudo, caracterizamos o nicho espermatogonial em carpa avaliando a expressão do amh em testículos com alta ou baixa expressão. Para tanto, vinte carpas comum adultas receberam pulsos de BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxiuridina), durante 3 dias consecutivos (2 injeções intraperitoneal/dia), e os testículo foram amostrados 4 horas, 1, 2 e 3 semanas após o último pulso. As espermatogônias do tipo A indiferenciada foram as únicas células germinativas capazes de reter BrdU após 3 semanas. Curiosamente, o BrdU diluiu mais rapidamente entre as espermatogônias troncoativa enquanto que nas espermatogônias troncoreserva, manteve-se estável. As espermatogônias tronco -reserva? foram localizados próximas do interstício, enquanto as espermatogônias tronco -ativa? foram encontrados na região intertubular. Algumas células de Sertoli foram BrdU-positivas depois de 3 semanas de pulso. Entre as células de Sertoli BrdU-positivas, ~ 30-40% estão livres, enquanto que ~ 60-70% estão associadas com células germinativas. Isto sugere a existência de células de Sertoli tronco, que estão localizados no nicho espermatogonial. O gene amh foi clonado e caracterizado em carpa comum e sua expressão ocorre nas células de Sertoli que envolvem espermatogônias indiferenciadas. Os hormônios folículo-estimulante e estrógeno diminuem a expressão do amh. Em animais que possuem alta expressão de amh, possuem pouca atividade proliferativa, já com elevada proliferação, os níveis de amh diminuem significativamente. Desta forma, sugere-se que a dimunuição do amh, cria uma condição permissiva para proliferação e diferenciação das espermatogônias em carpa. Tais resultados servirão de base para aplicar este conhecimento para mediar a puberdade precoce em espécies nativas/exóticas de importância econômica na aquicultura
In this study, we start characterizing the spermatogonial niche in carp by evaluating amh expression in testes with high or low proliferative activity. 20 adult carp received pulses of BrdU (5-Bromo-2’-deoxyuridine), during 3 consecutive days (2 intraperitoneal injections/day), and testis was sample dafter 4 hours, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the last pulse. Type Aund were the only germ cells able to retain BrdU after a long period of chase (3 weeks). Interestingly, BrdU disappeared more quickly from -active? stem cell while in -reserve? stem cell, it remained stable. The -reserve? stem cell label-retaining cells were located near the interstitium, while -active? stem cell were found in the intertubular area. Some Sertoli cells were BrdU-positive after 3 weeks of pulse. Among the slow-dividing, BrdU-positive Sertoli cells, ~30-40% are -free?, and ~60-70% associated with germ cells. This suggests the existence of Sertoli stem cells which are located in the spermatogonial niche. The amh gene was cloned and characterized in common carp, and the amh is expressed in Sertoli cells involving undifferentiated spermatogonia. The follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen decrease amh expression. It was also shown that animals with high expression of amh, have low proliferative activity. When the testes with high proliferation, amh levels decrease significantly. Thus, it is suggested that counts down the amh creates a permissive condition for proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial in carp. These results provide a basis for applying this knowledge to mediate early puberty in exotic/native species economically important in aquaculture
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Oliveira, Marcos Antonio de. "Nicho espermatogonial em Cyprinus carpio e papel do Amh na espermaogênese /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115874.
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Orientador: Rafael Henrique NóbregaCoorientador: Emanuel R. M. Martinez
Banca: Breno Henrique Caneguim
Banca: Maria Inês Borella
Resumo: Neste estudo, caracterizamos o nicho espermatogonial em carpa avaliando a expressão do amh em testículos com alta ou baixa expressão. Para tanto, vinte carpas comum adultas receberam pulsos de BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxiuridina), durante 3 dias consecutivos (2 injeções intraperitoneal/dia), e os testículo foram amostrados 4 horas, 1, 2 e 3 semanas após o último pulso. As espermatogônias do tipo A indiferenciada foram as únicas células germinativas capazes de reter BrdU após 3 semanas. Curiosamente, o BrdU diluiu mais rapidamente entre as espermatogônias tronco"ativa" enquanto que nas espermatogônias tronco"reserva", manteve-se estável. As espermatogônias tronco ―reserva‖ foram localizados próximas do interstício, enquanto as espermatogônias tronco ―ativa‖ foram encontrados na região intertubular. Algumas células de Sertoli foram BrdU-positivas depois de 3 semanas de pulso. Entre as células de Sertoli BrdU-positivas, ~ 30-40% estão "livres", enquanto que ~ 60-70% estão associadas com células germinativas. Isto sugere a existência de células de Sertoli tronco, que estão localizados no nicho espermatogonial. O gene amh foi clonado e caracterizado em carpa comum e sua expressão ocorre nas células de Sertoli que envolvem espermatogônias indiferenciadas. Os hormônios folículo-estimulante e estrógeno diminuem a expressão do amh. Em animais que possuem alta expressão de amh, possuem pouca atividade proliferativa, já com elevada proliferação, os níveis de amh diminuem significativamente. Desta forma, sugere-se que a dimunuição do amh, cria uma condição permissiva para proliferação e diferenciação das espermatogônias em carpa. Tais resultados servirão de base para aplicar este conhecimento para mediar a puberdade precoce em espécies nativas/exóticas de importância econômica na aquicultura
Abstract: In this study, we start characterizing the spermatogonial niche in carp by evaluating amh expression in testes with high or low proliferative activity. 20 adult carp received pulses of BrdU (5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine), during 3 consecutive days (2 intraperitoneal injections/day), and testis was sample dafter 4 hours, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the last pulse. Type Aund were the only germ cells able to retain BrdU after a long period of chase (3 weeks). Interestingly, BrdU disappeared more quickly from ―active‖ stem cell while in ―reserve‖ stem cell, it remained stable. The ―reserve‖ stem cell label-retaining cells were located near the interstitium, while ―active‖ stem cell were found in the intertubular area. Some Sertoli cells were BrdU-positive after 3 weeks of pulse. Among the slow-dividing, BrdU-positive Sertoli cells, ~30-40% are ―free‖, and ~60-70% associated with germ cells. This suggests the existence of Sertoli stem cells which are located in the spermatogonial niche. The amh gene was cloned and characterized in common carp, and the amh is expressed in Sertoli cells involving undifferentiated spermatogonia. The follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen decrease amh expression. It was also shown that animals with high expression of amh, have low proliferative activity. When the testes with high proliferation, amh levels decrease significantly. Thus, it is suggested that counts down the amh creates a permissive condition for proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial in carp. These results provide a basis for applying this knowledge to mediate early puberty in exotic/native species economically important in aquaculture
Mestre
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Kareem, Nawroz Omar. "The use of carbohydrates as an immunomodulator in carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2917/.
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Fish diseases are the most important challenge that is facing the development of the aquaculture industry. Recently, there has been substantial interest to control fish diseases through the use of immunomodulators, such as β-glucans that activate a range of immune parameters. These carbohydrates are extracted from different sources and thus vary in their effectiveness. To develop a new biomaterial, with improved therapeutic and biological activities, β-glucans were modified by sulphation, which is a final chemical modification process to obtain derivatives of sulphated polysaccharide. In vitro experiments were used to establish the effect of different glucans and modified carbohydrates from animal and plant sources on the cytotoxicity and respiratory burst activity of carp pronephric cells and carp leukocytes cell lines (CLC). Dose response and administration time of glucans were examined using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and MTT tetrazolium assays in CLCs. After screening 75 modified carbohydrates; only 9 were selected for their positive dose responses. The cellulose drive carbohydrate, sulphated tylose (CHO 1), induced greater respiratory burst activity in both cell types. The reproducibility of the sulphation process was established using a range of biological parameters, and analysing CHO 1 structure using FTIR and NMR analysis. Carp immune responses were determined after injection with CHO 1 alone or as an adjuvant in vaccines against Aeromonas hydrophila. The CHO1 proved to be an effective immune adjuvant in fish, enhancing and modulating a range of innate and adaptive immune response including: serum lysozyme and complement activity, leukocytes numbers and the expression of immune-related genes in carp organs e.g. cytokines (IL1β, IFNγ), complement component3 and lysozyme, as well the antibody titre against Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly improved. The potential of using CHO 1 and producing synthetic carbohydrates with identified structures maximise their role as adjuvants for vaccine or immunostimulant in anti-infective therapies has been established.
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Pereira, Cleyton Jose. "Estimativas de herdabilidade de caracteristicas morfologicas da carpa comum (CYPRINUS CARPIO)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1997. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77111.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias AgrariasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T00:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Com o objetivo de estimar a herdabilidade de peso e comprimento do corpo aos 150 e 200 dias de idade em carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) foram formadas dezessete famílias a partir de seis fêmeas e dezessete machos. Cada fêmea foi acasalada com três machos, exceto uma, que foi com dois machos. Foram analisados em média vinte e cinco descendentes de cada família. A herdabilidade foi estimada pelos métodos de correlação intra-classe entre meio irmãos maternos e irmãos paternos. Os resultados obtidos foram: para h2mim aos 150 dias; 0,85, 0,95, 0,66, 0,70 e 0,86; para h2mim aos 200 dias; 0,70, 0,61, 0,37, 0,04 e 0,81; para h2ic aos 150 dias; 0,66, 0,41, 0,60, 0,61 e 0,29; para h2ic aos200 dias; 0,30, 0,07, 0,43, 0,44 e 0,10; respectivamente para as características peso total do corpo, comprimento total do corpo, comprimento do corpo, comprimento da cabeça e altura do corpo. Os valores obtidos para as estimativas de herdabilidade recomendam a seleção massal para o melhoramento genético de carpa comum das características estudadas.
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Toni, Cândida. "Respostas bioquímicas em carpas (Cyprinus carpio) expostas ao fungicida tebuconazole (folicur® 200 ec)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11132.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe intensive use and/or inadequate management of pesticides have led to contamination of the aquatic ecosystem, reaching the biota living there, including the fish. Pesticides can affect toxicological parameters these animals, harming their survival. In this way, the aim this study has to evaluate biochemistry changes in carps (Cyprinus carpio) after exposure to a commercial formulation of the fungicide tebuconazole (Folicur®). At first, we performed a test of acute toxicity to determine the LC50 (96h) of tebuconazole for C. carpio. The animals were exposed to concentrations 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/L for 96 hours. After this period, were anesthetized and euthanized. Using the whole-body method, we investigated the levels of TBARS, protein carbonyls, activities of enzymes GST, CAT, SOD and AChE, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants GSH and AsA and metabolic parameters, among which, lactate, glycogen, glucose, ammonia, amino acids and protein. Secondly, fish were exposed to the fungicide during seven days, both in field conditions (rice paddy field) as a laboratory. The concentrations used in the laboratory (33.5 and 36.2 mg/L) were close to the concentration used for rice farming (31.9 mg/L). After the experimental periods, we sampled brain, liver and muscle of fish. The biochemical parameters analyzed were as follows: TBARS levels in brain, liver and muscle, protein carbonyl in liver, enzyme activities CAT and GST in liver and AChE in brain and muscle. In the first experiment was obtained as LC50 (96h) of tebuconazole for C. carpio concentration 2.37 mg/L. The body levels of TBARS showed to be high at all concentrations tested. In contrast, the enzymes GST, CAT and SOD showed reduction in their activities. The levels of GSH and AsA were also decreased after the same period. Regarding the activity of AChE and the levels of protein carbonyls, there were no statistically significant changes. Among the metabolic parameters, there was an increase in the levels of glycogen and glucose concentration 1.5 mg/L, whereas protein levels were reduced at concentrations 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L. In the second experiment, we observed increased levels of TBARS in brain only in the field condition, while in liver and muscle this increase was observed both in field and laboratory. Likewise, the levels of protein carbonyls increased in both experimental conditions. The activity of AChE in brain was increased only in the field condition, whereas in the laboratory no significant change was observed. The activities of CAT, GST and AChE in muscle showed no significant change in both experimental conditions. The results of this research, considering the two experiments show that this fungicide causes disorders in antioxidants and metabolic parameters in fish exposed, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress, which can compromise their survival in the wild. The evaluation of TBARS levels and protein carbonyl in the liver of carp can be used as a biomarker of exposure to tebuconazole.
O intenso uso e/ou manejo inadequado de pesticidas têm levado à contaminação do ecossistema aquático, atingindo a biota ali existente, incluindo os peixes. Pesticidas podem afetar parâmetros toxicológicos desses animais, prejudicando sua sobrevivência. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações bioquímicas em carpas (Cyprinus carpio) após exposição a uma formulação comercial do fungicida tebuconazole (Folicur®). Num primeiro momento, foi realizado um teste de toxicidade aguda a fim de determinar a CL50 (96h) do tebuconazole para C. carpio. Os animais foram expostos às concentrações 1,0, 1,5, 2,0, 2,5 e 3,0 mg/L, durante 96 horas. Após esse período, foram anestesiados e eutanasiados. Utilizando o método whole-body, foram investigados os níveis de TBARS, proteína carbonil, atividades das enzimas GST, CAT, SOD e AChE, níveis dos antioxidantes não enzimáticos GSH e AsA e parâmetros metabólicos, dentre os quais, lactato, glicogênio, glicose, amônia, aminoácidos e proteína. Num segundo momento, os peixes foram expostos ao fungicida durante sete dias, tanto em condição de campo (lavoura de arroz irrigado) como de laboratório. As concentrações utilizadas em laboratório (33,5 e 36,2 μg/L) foram próximas à concentração utilizada na lavoura de arroz (31,9 μg/L). Decorridos os períodos experimentais, foram amostrados cérebro, fígado e músculo dos peixes. Os parâmetros bioquímicos analisados foram os seguintes: níveis de TBARS em cérebro, fígado e músculo; proteína carbonil em fígado; atividades das enzimas CAT e GST em fígado e da AChE em cérebro e músculo. No primeiro experimento obteve-se como CL50 (96h) do tebuconazole para C. carpio a concentração 2,37 mg/L. Os níveis corporais de TBARS mostraram-se elevados em todas as concentrações testadas. Ao contrário, as enzimas GST, CAT e SOD mostraram redução em suas atividades. Os níveis de GSH e AsA também se mostraram diminuídos após o mesmo período. Em relação à atividade da AChE e aos níveis de proteína carbonil, não foram observadas alterações estatisticamente significativas. Dentre os parâmetros metabólicos, houve aumento nos níveis de glicogênio e glicose na concentração 1,5 mg/L, enquanto que os níveis de proteína foram reduzidos nas concentrações 2,0 e 2,5 mg/L. No segundo experimento, observou-se aumento nos níveis de TBARS em cérebro somente na condição de campo, enquanto que em fígado e músculo esse aumento foi verificado tanto em campo quanto em laboratório. Da mesma forma, os níveis de proteína carbonil aumentaram em ambas as condições experimentais. A atividade da AChE em cérebro se mostrou aumentada somente em condição de campo, enquanto que em laboratório nenhuma alteração significativa foi observada. As atividades da CAT, GST e AChE em músculo não apresentaram mudanças significativas em ambas as condições experimentais. Os resultados da presente investigação, considerando os dois experimentos realizados, mostram que esse fungicida provoca desordens em parâmetros antioxidantes e metabólicos nos peixes expostos, indicando a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo, o que pode comprometer sua sobrevivência no meio natural. A avaliação dos níveis de TBARS e de proteína carbonil em fígado de carpas pode ser utilizada como biomarcador de exposição ao tebuconazole.
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San, Juan Reyes Nely, and Olivan Leobardo Manuel Gómez. "Evaluación de la Toxicidad de Efluentes provenientes de una Industria Farmacéutica sobre Cyprinus Carpio." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/20.500.11799/13919.
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Saucedo-Vence, Karinne, and Octavio Dublán-García. "EVALUACIÓN DE LA TOXICIDAD INDUCIDA POR SUCRALOSA EN Cyprinus carpio Y DETERMINAR SU EFECTO EN LAS PROPIEDADES FISICOQUÍMICAS Y TEXTURALES." Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68342.
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Tesis de doctoradoLa sucralosa es un edulcorante artificial relativamente nuevo y considerado seguro para el consumo humano, sin embargo, los efectos en el ecosistema aún no han sido estudiados a profundidad. Estudios de este tipo de edulcorantes han demostrado que produce estrés oxidativo generando daño a nivel proteico; por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los productos de oxidación mediante el grado lipoperoxidación, contenido de hidroperóxidos y proteínas carboniladas, así como las propiedades fisicoquímicas y texturales en el músculo de Cyprinus carpio (carpa común). Los resultados del estudio demostraron que la exposición de la especie a sucralosa (0.05 y 155 μg/L) durante diferentes tiempos (12, 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas) produjo un aumento en el nivel de lipoperoxidación (LPX), el contenido de proteínas carboniladas (PCC) e hidroperóxidos (HPC), asimismo, las enzimas antioxidantes evaluadas superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y catalasa (CAT) se modifican significativamente con respecto al control en sangre, hígado, branquias, cerebro y músculo, siendo éste último el que sufre diferentes tipos de alteraciones a causa de la oxidación proteica por la presencia del xenibiótico, causando cambios significativos con respecto al control en pH, acidez, solubilidad, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) y formación de grupos sulfhidrilo, viéndose afectados también los parámetros de textura, modificando los atributos sensoriales del alimento.
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Holtan, Marte Berg. "Plasma melatonin profiles in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to indoor photoperiods." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13699.
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An intervention against extreme poverty and hunger was introduced in year 2000, when all members of the United Nations agreed on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Today, 1.4 billion people live in poverty and hunger, with poor prospects for increased living standards. Nepal is one of the world’s poorest countries with most of its population living ruraly on low-income agriculture. Due to ongoing climatic changes and financial instability, the international food security is threatened. Inexpensive and low water consuming food production will therefore be an important development for times to come. In line with the MDGs, the NTNU initiated programme Sustainable Poverty Reduction in Nepal (SPRN) have started to utilize Nepal’s rich freshwater resources to develop fish farms in tandem with eco-friendly hydropower projects. The main target is to develop year-round delivery of carp fingerlings in hilly rural areas.Fish are seasonally breeding animals that use environmental signals to coordinate and control their biological rhythms. Photoperiod represents an accurate indicator of time of day and season, and may be translated into a chemical body signal, melatonin, by the pineal gland. Pineal melatonin is released during night and the secretory pattern – which reflects the environmental light/dark cycle – may exhibit one of three known patterns. A daily and annual rhythmic production of melatonin may provide the fish with a physiological capacity to anticipate and prepare for upcoming seasonal changes. Manipulation of the photoperiodic control of pineal melatonin release has been successfully used to initiate biorhythms like spawning in cultured finfish species at mid and high latitudes. The current study was performed to describe the day/night plasma melatonin levels in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during November at mid-hills Nepal (28 ºN). It represents the first part of possible development of a maturation control system for low latitude carps. Plasma melatonin levels exhibited a single peak profile during late darkphase and decreased to low daytime levels before the onset of light. When subjected to an extended night period, carp plasma melatonin rhythm appeared to repeat this profile from natural photoperiod, which may indicate a circadian clock system at work. Blood plasma cortisol levels were elevated during these experiments but are not expected to have stimulated the melatonin release. These results demonstrate a possible complex melatonin control system of type B in the Common carp kept at low latitude (Nepal).
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Hung, Ching Yee. "Survival strategies of common carp, cyprinus carpio, during prolonged starvation and hypoxia /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-bch-b19887346a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005."Submitted to Department of Biology and Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-269).
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Lange, Christiane. "Untersuchung zur Haltung von Koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Gartenteichen, der Mensch &." Hannover Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000048330/34.
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Hübner, Arne [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur gastro-intestinalen Infektionsbarriere beim Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) / Arne Hübner." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024917142/34.
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Bridges, Alan Foster. "The immune responses of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., following direct immersion immunization." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1978.
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The investigations presented in this thesis include studies on a) the immune responses of carp following direct immersion immunization and subsequent intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge, b) the uptake and accumulation in carp of a direct immersion vaccine and c) phagocytic uptake by carp peritoneal exudate cells (PECs). To assess the cell-mediated immune response of carp, a micro chemotaxis technique was developed, measuring the production of chemotactic factor-like activity in supernatants from incubations of pronephric cells with antigen. In no case were serum antibody titres or a cell-mediated immune response detectable after immersions alone in antigen. It was found that an i.p. challenge of antigen in adjuvant, subsequent to the immersions, was needed to stimulate a measurable response, with effective priming immersions stimulating a secondary response to the i.p. challenge. It was found that the opsonization of both soluble and particulate immersion vaccines with immune carp serum significantly increased the immunological memory for both the humoral and the cell-mediated immune responses following immersion. Opsonization of the vaccines with normal serum, however, had no detectable effect. The cell-mediated immune responses following immersion were only measured in immunologically mature carp, but the humoral immune responses were measured in both immunologically mature and immature carp, which were 4 weeks old at the beginning of the experiments. Using the bacterial Aeromonas salmonicida antigen, all the responses measured post-immersion were found to be positive in both immunologically mature and immature carp. However, with the T-dependent antigen, human gamma globulin (HGG), the immune responses post-immersion were found to be positive only in the immunologically mature fish, with immersion of the immature carp in HGG-coated latex particles opsonized with immune serum producing a tolerizing effect on the humoral immune response. There was no detectable uptake of a non-opsonized A.salmonicida vaccine in normal carp when immersed in a bath of the vaccine. However, if the vaccine was opsonized with immune carp serum, uptake and accumulation of the vaccine was detectable, mostly accumulating in the internal lymphoid organs. Uptake of the non-opsonized vaccine was, however, also found when the recipient carp had been previously immunized against A.salmonicida, by immersion. The phagocytic uptake of particles by carp PECs was also found to be enhanced by opsonization of the particles with immune carp serum, this effect being partially recuced by decomplementation of the opsonizing serum. Opsonizat1on of particles with normal serum was found to have no effect on phagocytic uptake. Immersions in several different sizes of latex particles (from O.O5 µm to l5 µ.m) coated with HGG were found to stimulate greater humoral immunological memory than immersions in soluble HGG. This was not the case for memory for the cell-mediated response, where immersions in latex particle-bound HGG were no more stimulatory than immersions in soluble HGG. Carp PECs were found to be able to ingest 0.8 µm and 3.0 µm diameter particles but uptake of I5 µm diameter particles was not observed. The specificity of the humoral immune response after direct immersion immunization was found to be high with no cross-reactivity with any of the other antigens used. The cell-mediated immune response following direct immersion immunization was found to be slightly less specific; cross-reactivity between HGG and chicken gamma globulin was detected, although the other antigens used showed no cross-reactivity.
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Chakraborty, Subhash Chandra. "Energy budget and aspects of energy metabolism in common carp, Cyprinus carpio." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1808.
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Aspects of the resting respiration rate, specific dynamic action (SDA) and components of the total energy budget of 55 - 80g common carp were studied in the laboratory. The resting respiratory rate was monitored in computer operated metabolic chambers under different photoperiods. Common carp showed a crepuscular respiratory rhythm with peaks at dawn and dusk during a 12L : 12D photoperiod, with a mean oxygen consumption of 152 mg/kg/h. When acclimated to longer or shorter photoperiods respiration was also cyclic but with a lower mean respiratory rate. In continuous light or darkness respiratory rhythm was suppressed with no significant peakings. In carp fed with three diets containing 20,35 and 50% protein at a ration level of 0.40 to 1.00% body weight per day, SDA coefficient varied from 8.99 to 15.94% and was dependent on dietary protein but not on ration levels. SDA magnitude and post-feeding peak oxygen consumption varied significantly with both dietary protein content and total daily ration level. SDA duration was only related to ration size. The pattern of food energy allocation between the major components of the energy budget varied with dietary protein content and ration levels. The energy lost as heat of metabolism was found to increase with dietary protein level and total ration. Energy lost as faeces 'F' varied from 19 - 24% of 'C' and did not appear to be related to either protein content or ration levels. Nitrogenous excretion increased with an increase of dietary protein but decreased with an increase of ration level in the diet. Regression equations were developed from the data to allow prediction of respiratory energy loss 'R', faecal energy loss 'F' and energy lost through excretion 'U' from the food ingested V. Complete energy budget models compiled from experiments conducted over a 17 days period and using different diets did not successfully predict the actual growth. The energy budget balance was between 66.04% and 81.96%. Observed growth was less than predicted growth in every trial and it is suggested that this difference might have been due to short-term cyclic growth regulation and other minor experimental features. The data presented form the basis for the first reported study of total energy budgets in Cyprinus carpio.
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Macartney, Alastair Ian. "Cold adaptation of lipid biosynthetic enzymes in carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) liver." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385150.
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Callan, William Todd. "Kinematics and Fluid Dynamics of the Ventilatory Cycle in Carp (Cyprinus carpio)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626838.
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Abraham, Felipe Arlene. "Estrés oxidativo inducido por arsénico en branquia de carpa común Cyprinus carpio." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/71076.
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Tesis de licenciaturaEl arsénico (As) es un oligoelemento tóxico para diversas especies acuáticas. Está presente naturalmente en el agua en diversos estados de oxidación y especies químicas. Durante su paso por el organismo, el As induce la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno, provocando estrés oxidativo en diversos organismos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la toxicidad inducida por As en branquias de la carpa común Cyprinus carpio. Los siguientes biomarcadores se utilizaron para determinar el estrés oxidativo: contenido de hidroperóxidos, la peroxidación lipídica, el contenido de proteína carboniladas y la actividad antioxidante de las enzimas superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa. Los resultados mostraron que la exposición a 0.05 mg/L indujo cambios en los biomarcadores oxidación celular, así como la actividad antioxidante en branquias de carpa común (P <0.05). Los resultados de este estudio, nos permiten concluir que los biomarcadores utilizados en este estudio son útiles para la detección temprana de la toxicidad inducida por el As en los peces.
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Oumouna, M'hamed [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung der Empfänglichkeit von Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio), Koi-Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio koi), Zebrabärblingen (Danio rerio), Regenbogenforellen (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gegenüber Myxobolus cerebralis, dem Erreger der Drehkrankheit / vorgelegt von M'hamed Oumouna." München : Verl. Dr. Hut, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994799535/34.
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Valdez-Valdez, Baldomero Alexis. "Efecto de un bioempaque eco-friendly con características antimicrobianas y antioxidantes a base de fibra de cítricos y extracto de orégano, sobre las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas de Cyprinus carpio." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68343.
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Tesis de LicenciaturaEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la funcionalidad tecnológica y el potencial conservante de recubrimientos comestibles a base de fibra de cítricos y extracto de orégano (Origanum vulgare) en filetes de carpa común (Cyprinus carpio). Para ello se procedió a determinar el tiempo óptimo de secado, así como la caracterización fisicoquímica y microbiológica de la fibra de cáscara de naranja, para posteriormente evaluar las propiedades físicas, ópticas y mecánicas de formulaciones obtenidas mediante un diseño estadístico Box-Benheken. Adicionalmente se evaluaron las propiedades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del extracto acuoso y etanólico del orégano. El extracto seleccionado fue el etanólico debido a que presentó un mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales así como una alta actividad antioxidante evaluada mediante ABTS y DPPH, de igual forma presentó un mayor efecto de inhibición para las bacterias E. coli, Salmonella spp., y S. aureus. La aplicación del recubrimiento fue durante 9 días de almacenamiento a una temperatura de 4°C para las variables fisicoquímicas como pH, acidez, capacidad de retención de agua, no existieron diferencias significativas para los distintos tratamientos. Las muestras con recubrimiento y recubrimiento con extracto etanólico de orégano disminuyeron los niveles de oxidación lipídica (medidos por índice de lipoperoxidación) y proteínas carboniladas. Asimismo, se observó que la degradación de la miosina, medida por electroforesis, fue en menor grado cuando se combinó con alguno de los recubrimientos y también se observó una reducción en el crecimiento microbiano de S. aureus, no siendo así para Salmonella spp., independientemente del recubrimiento utilizado.
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Gindy, A. N. Z. "Farming of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in rice fields in the Nile delta." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592488.
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The Egyptian government is committed to the development of rice field fish culture systems as means of protein production. Trials on the growing of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were conducted in Gharbia governorate in the middle of the Nile delta. The trials reported here have shown that fish could successfully be reared in the Egyptian rice fields. Different stocking rates were used varying from less than 1000 up to 5500 fry/ha. The relation between different stocking rates and final fish weight, length, mortality and production of fish was studied. With stocking rates over 20000 a significant reduct (P < 0.001) in fish weight, and length was observed and mortality also increased (P < 0.02). Supplementary feeding at stocking rates of over 2000 fry/ha resulted in a partial restoration of fish weight and length (P < 0.001). Feeding reduced mortality from 46.2 to 33.5%. The data indicates an increase in fish production with the increase in stocking rate up to 100/ha but there were insufficient trials to give a statistically significant results. The highest production achieved in the trials without feeding was 167 kg/ha with a mean value of 88 kg/ha. The highest production of all trials was 264 kg/ha in a fertile area with supplementary feeding and with additional dose of organic manure. A strong relation was found between carp growth and the quantity and quality of natural food in the rice fields. Carp grew rapidly following introducing with a specific growth rate of 24% /day but this fell to 4% per day by the middle of the season, towards the end growth fell to zero or even negative values corresponded with the depletion of the community of invertebrate food organisms. The abundance of phytoplankton in the rice fields could provide a rich environment for raising other species of fish such as silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Sarotherodon niloticus. Significant numbers of accidentally introduced fish of other species, were found (Clarias lazera; catfish), Tilapia spp., Lates niloticus, Nile perch), the rice field could be a reliable source of tilapia fry in addition to consumption carp. With the development of cage culture system an integration between rice fish culture and cage culture could potentially be achieved with the small fish obtained at the end of the growing season could be restocked in cages. The average additional income obtained from the introduction of carp to the rice fields represent an increase of more than 20%. This profit was obtained with as little as 2.31% increase in the total costs of rice and fish. In addition less labour was needed for weeding, with one weeding instead of the normal three.
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周楚穎 and Chor-wing Vivian Ng. "Characterization and sequencing of sex hormone-binding globulin in common carp (cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224982.
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Houghton, Gillian. "The immune response in carp, Cyprinus carpio L. to Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Fouquet 1876." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2376.
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Protective immunity of carp to ichthyophthiriasis has been confirmed, and demonstrated for the first time in juvenile carp, 10-12 weeks old. Standard immunisation procedures were developed here using the theront in preference to cysts. Immunisation included exposure of fish on 3 separate occasions of 14 day intervals to doses of approximately 2,000 theronts per fish, 80/ cm³. Procedures were controlled so that infections were not allowed to continue beyond the primary stage pH (7.0-7.2 ) and temperature (20±2° C) were maintained throughout experimental periods. Four weeks after third immunising dose, fish were exposed to a potentially lethal challenge, approximately 8,000 theronts per fish, 320/cm³. Following immunisation , fish showed total protection up to 1 month and decreasing protection up to 3 months during which period, mortalities were recorded on challenge. Humoral antibody was monitored at specific stages of experimental infections, peak response 6-8 weeks following exposure with detectable levels of antibody persisting for at least 12 weeks. Immunosuppression was demonstrated following intraperitoneal administration of synthetic corticosteroid Triamcinolone acetonide, doses of 200 µg, 100 µg and 10 µg gˉ¹ body weight, and corticosteroid Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate, doses of 100 µg and 10 µg gˉ¹ body weight, given 14 days after challenge. Immunosuppression was not associated with any significant fall in antibody titre. Studies in cross immunity between Tetrahymena pyriformis (CCAP 1630/W Claff, 1939 (w)) and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis showed no evidence of the former conferring protection to ichthyophthiriasis. Methods of administration of T. pyriformis to juvenile carp included intraperitoneal injection of freeze dried cilia and whole, live T. pyriformis. The kinetics of the humoral response were measured over 12 weeks, peak antibody titres occurring 6-8 weeks following antigen administration. Proliferative responses measured by autoradiography were recorded prior to peak antibody production. Overall results are discussed in relation to immunosuppression, mechanisms of immunity and control and treatment of the disease.
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Gracey, Andrew Y. "Cold-adaptation of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) : lipid unsaturation and induced desaturase expression." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321117.
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Marins, Aline Teixeira. "EFEITO DE DIETA SUPLEMENTADA COM SELÊNIO EM CARPAS (Cyprinus carpio) EXPOSTAS A ATRAZINA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5335.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe water pollution, derived from several human activities, results in harmful effects to the ecosystems involved. In order to verify the potential toxicity of xenobiotics, it is usual to use carps (Cyprinus carpio) as exposure model. Among the pollutants that could cause damage to aquatic biota, it is believed that selective herbicides, such as atrazine (ATZ), have low toxic effect on wildlife. However, there are reports of direct effects on development, growth, reproduction and behavior of fish exposed to ATZ. Considering that selenium is an essential trace element for the adequate cell function and is present in important antioxidant enzymes, is very important its appropriate food supply for fish. Therefore, supplementation of diets with selenium compounds increases the antioxidant profile of several model organisms, protecting them from adverse effects of environmental pollutants. Considering the harmful effects from exposure to ATZ, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of diet supplemented with diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2], an organic compound of selenium, in carps exposed to ATZ. Thus, carp were fed for 60 days with diet control and diet supplemented with 3 mg/kg of (PhSe)2. Subsequently, they were exposed to ATZ (concentrations of 0, 2, and 10 μg/L) for 96h. At the end of the experiment, the carps were euthanized and tissues (gills, liver and muscle) were dissected and frozen for further biochemical assays. ATZ accumulated in muscle of carp directly related to the concentration of exposure. It was observed that both ATZ concentrations generated oxidative damage, represented by lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) levels. The protein oxidation, measured as the protein carbonyl content, showed an increase compared to the control results. Dietary supplementation with (PhSe)2 prevented oxidative damage, maintaining the levels of TBARS and protein carbonyl content similar to control . Exposure to ATZ inhibited the activity of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), however this inhibition was relatively prevented in carp fed with (PhSe)2. Thus, acute exposure to ATZ caused biochemical changes in carp, and some of these alterations were prevented by dietary supplementation with (PhSe)2.
A poluição aquática, oriunda de diversas atividades humanas, acarreta em efeitos nocivos aos ecossistemas envolvidos. Com o intuito de verificar o potencial tóxico de xenobióticos, é usual a utilização de carpas (Cyprinus carpio) como modelo de exposição. Dentre os poluentes passíveis de causar danos à biota aquática, acredita-se que os herbicidas seletivos, como a atrazina (ATZ), possuam baixo efeito tóxico à fauna. No entanto, existem relatos de efeitos diretos em desenvolvimento, crescimento, reprodução e comportamento de peixes expostos a ATZ. Considerando-se que o selênio é um elemento traço essencial para o adequado funcionamento celular e que está presente em importantes enzimas antioxidantes, é de suma importância seu fornecimento alimentar adequado aos peixes. Logo, a suplementação de dietas com compostos de selênio tende a melhorar o perfil antioxidante de diversos organismos modelo, protegendo-os de efeitos adversos de poluentes ambientais. Considerando-se os efeitos nocivos causados por exposição a ATZ, esta pesquisa objetivou investigar efeitos benéficos de dieta suplementada com disseleneto de difenila [(PhSe)2], um composto orgânico de selênio, em carpas expostas a ATZ. As carpas foram alimentadas durante 60 dias com dieta controle e dieta suplementada com 3mg/kg de (PhSe)2. Posteriormente, foram expostas a ATZ (concentrações de 0, 2 e 10 μg/L) durante 96h. Ao final do experimento, as carpas foram submetidas a eutanásia e os tecidos (brânquias, fígado e músculo) foram dissecados e congelados para posteriores ensaios bioquímicos. Constatou-se acúmulo de ATZ em músculo das carpas, sendo dependente da concentração de exposição. Verificou-se que ambas concentrações de ATZ geraram dano oxidativo, representado pela peroxidação lipídica, medida através dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). A oxidação de proteínas, aferida através do conteúdo de proteína carbonilada, demonstrou aumento em relação aos resultados controle. A suplementação da dieta com (PhSe)2 preveniu o dano oxidativo, mantendo os níveis de TBARS e de proteína carbonilada próximos aos valores do controle. Identificou-se inibição na atividade das enzimas glutationa S-transferase (GST) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx) pela exposição a ATZ, no entanto esta inibição foi relativamente prevenida em carpas alimentadas com (PhSe)2. Portanto, exposição aguda a ATZ causou alterações bioquímicas em carpas, e algumas destas alterações foram prevenidas pela suplementação da dieta com (PhSe)2.
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Sharifpour, Issa. "Histology of the inflammatory response of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to various stimuli." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1836.
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The present investigation was carried out to study the inflammatory response of carp (Cyprinus carpio L. ) to various stimuli. The stimuli were; surgical wound, talcum powder, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), a bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, and spores of fungus Aphanomyces invaderis. Following exposure to these stimuli, fish were sacrificed over a period of time, and sequential tissue samples were processed for histopathological examinations. The surgical wounds at 27°C, re-epithelialized at 4 hours. Macrophage infiltration began at 2 hours, and myophagia at 6 hours. Fibroplasia and muscle regeneration were initiated at 2 days. After 16 days epidermis was normal and dermis was completely linked. The wounded area restored its main components by 16 to 24 days after wounding. Injection of talcum powder at 26.5°C, and FCA at 24°C, produced chronic granulomatousin flammatory reaction. The following events started in both experiments at the same time; myophagia at 6 hours, macrophages had changed into epithelioid cells, active fibroplasia and muscle regeneration at 3 days. Regenerated muscles filled the defects by 14 to 28 days post-injection (p. i. ). Langhans and foreign body giant cells, were observed after 3 days in talc and 4 days in FCA experiment. New capillaries formed at 3 days in talc and 2 days in FCA study. At the end of the experiments (42 days) the encapsulation of the irritants was very advanced, and the granulomata were entirely surrounded by normal muscle tissue. Inoculation of the Aeromonas hydrophila at 27.5°C, provoked a lethal acute inflammatory response within 48 hours. The surviving fish showed well developed capacity for dealing with bacteria. An ulcerative wound developed by 48 hours in the surviving fish. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were observed at 1 hour p.i . and remained up to 7 days. PMNs were one of the dominant inflammatory cells and participated in myophagia and micro-abscess formation. The acute inflammation then developed into chronic inflammation characterised by fibroplasia which was active at 5 days. Process of wound healing began and developed by 5-10 days and was completed by scar formation at 28 days. A chronic inflammatory response occurred after inoculation of spores of the fungus Aphanomyces invaderis at 27°C. Limited growth of the fungus in tissue occurred in the early stages p. i. but was then halted by fish's defence mechanisms. Macrophages had changed into epithelioid cells at 3 days p. i. Presence of Langhans, foreign body and intermediate giant cells, muscle regeneration, fibroplasia, and vascularization also started at 3 days. Developing granulomata formed by 10 days, and fully matured granulomata were observed by 18 days.
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Mohajer, Yasha. "MORPHOLOGY, MATERIAL AND VIBRATORY PROPERTIES OF THE SWIMBLADDER IN THE CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/259.
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The carp Cyprinus carpio has a two-chambered swimbladder and excellent hearing. I explored the hypothesis that the anterior chamber, which connects to Weberian ossicles, is adapted for hearing by testing both chambers for material properties. I also determined displacement and auditory responses to mechanical strikes. Wall stress is higher in the posterior, strain in the anterior and modulus lower in the anterior chamber. Strikes increase pressure followed by a variable rebound that rapidly decays. Displacement and sound amplitude increase with hammer force, and amplitude is similar in both chambers for within chamber strikes but lower across chambers. Normalized for equivalent displacement, the anterior chamber produces a more intense sound. Stiffness and damping are greater for the anterior chamber, but sound spectra are similar. More intense sound production per unit of movement, greater damping and higher stiffness for the anterior chamber should all contribute to high-frequency auditory sensitivity.
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Swirepik, Jody, and n/a. "Physical disturbance of Potamogeton tricarinatus and sediment by carp (Cyprinus carpio) in experimental ponds." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.155736.
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The impact of carp on a rhizomatous macrophyte was examined in two consecutive years
using three outdoor aquaculture ponds with naturally established beds of Potamogeton
tricarinatus. Each pond was divided with wire fencing to form a carp (500 kg ha-1) and
control treatment. After 6 weeks, plant biomass had declined to the same extent in the
carp and control treatments, indicating that direct physical disturbance by carp was not
reducing the biomass of P. tricarinatus. In a second experiment, carp were added to two
of the same ponds when plants were regenerating after a 9-11 month drying period. After
8 weeks, P. tricarinatus biomass in the carp treatments was between one half and one
tenth of the biomass in the control treatments and one control treatment supported more
Najas tenuifolia than the paired carp treatment. The lower biomass of Potamogeton in
the carp treatments was a result of fewer shoots and less growth per shoot. Rhizomes
had been undermined in the carp treatment with less than 1% of plants growing from
rhizome compared to 36% in the control treatment. Accumulation of sediment into traps
was significantly higher in the carp treatments (2.5 to 77.5 times more than the control).
On average, carp resuspended 662 kg dry sediment ha-1 for each 100 kg ha-1 of carp or
6.6 times their wet weight biomass in dry sediments each day. Some implications of high
sediment resuspension are discussed. The research demonstrates that well anchored
macrophyte species can show tolerance to the physical disturbance associated with carp
benthic feeding, however, these same species are vulnerable during regenerating and
recruitment stages. It is suggested that anchorage is the most important factor for
determining plant tolerance to carp. The implications for aquatic plant and riverine
management are discussed, including the importance of excluding carp from newly
flooded wetlands and the role of carp in determining alternative stable states.
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Driver, Patrick, and n/a. "The role of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) size in the degradation of freshwater ecosystems." University of Canberra. School of Resources, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050404.110223.
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Carp (Cyprinus carpio) are alien freshwater fish that are globally widespread and often
associated with highly degraded freshwater ecosystems. This study explored carphabitat
interactions that could contribute to the worldwide distribution of, and
consequent ecological impacts by, carp. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of
carp size in these interactions. One component of this study involved a field experiment
that was used to quantify the effects of carp biomass density and size-structure on
freshwater invertebrate communities and water quality. The treatments in this field
experiment comprised different combinations of large (2 kg) and small (0.7 kg) carp,
and low (330 kg.ha-1), intermediate (570 kg.ha-1) and high (650 kg.ha-1) biomass
densities. Carp impacts were more carp size-dependent than described in previous
studies. In particular, carp size was more important than carp biomass density in
determining the concentration of total phosphorus and algal biomass. On the other hand,
a more even mix of carp sizes increased total nitrogen. The zooplankton and
macroinvertebrate taxa that were more abundant in the presence of carp were the taxa
most able to avoid carp predation and tolerate habitat changes caused by carp
benthivory. To complement the small-spatial scale field experiment, large-scale patterns
of carp distribution, biomass density and recruitment were explored among the rivers of
New South Wales (Australia) in relation to their physical habitat. In contrast to
expectations, and although most recruitment probably occurred at lower-altitudes, the
populations with a size structure and biomass density most likely to cause ecological
degradation occurred at intermediate altitudes. Furthermore, the distribution of smaller
carp (less than or equal to 100 mm, and less than or equal to 300 mm) indicated that the
regulation of river flows does not always favour carp populations, particularly during
drought conditions. Nevertheless, it was concluded in a review of the carp literature,
which incorporated the findings of this study, that invasion by alien carp is most
successful in streams with formerly highly variable flows that are now subject to flow
regulation. Moreover, carp are likely to enhance their advantage in these waters through
habitat modification.
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Trevors, Crystal Margaret. "Immune response of carp, Cyprinus carpio and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar to Piscirickettsia salmonis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ30061.pdf.
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Miest, Joanna Junack. "Apoptosis and its association with immunomodulation and disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/17/.
Full textAbstract:
Stimulating the Immune system of fish by oral administration of immunomodulatory substances can prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture. Yeast p( l ,3/1 ,6)-glucan, the active ingredient of the commercially available feed supplement MacroGard®, has been associated with production of microbicical and cytocidal oxygen radicals and the induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Hence it was hypothesized that the immunosuppressive effects of this substance, which were observed by some authors, could be caused by induction of apoptosis in immune cells due to oxidative stress. Utilizing molecular and immunohistochemical staining techniques it has been shown that although MacroGard® can induce apoptosis il1 vitro it is not associated with this form of cell death il1 vivo. However dietary MacroGard® influences the expression of apoptosisrelated genes in a time and organ dependent manner. Apoptosis is also associated with disease and can be modulated by both the host as a means of controlling infection, and by pathogens in an attempt to avoid the host immune system. It was thus hypothesized that bacteria (Aeromol1as saimol1icida) and vilUses (koi herpes vilUs (KHV) and spring viremia of earp virus (SVCV)) ean modulate apoptosis in carp and that this can be affected by oral immunostimulation. In this thesis it was established that the bacterial pathogen A. saimol1icida and the SVC vilUS induce apoptosis and that this is associated with changes of apoptosis-related gene expression. KHV in contrast appeared to supress apoptosis during early stages of the infection but induced it during the later stages possibly as a means to dissen'linate the vilUs. MacroGard® enhanced gene expression in response to SVCV infection and exposure to vilUs- and bacteriaassociated molecular patterns (i.e. Poly(I:C) and LPS). In conclusion, MacroGard® can influence apoptosis-related gene expression but does not appear to induce apoptosis on its own.
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施德恒 and Dicken Sy. "Characterization and purification of sex hormone binding globulin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219901.
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Price, Michael-Anthony. "Effects of intoxication by environmental pollutants on immune responsiveness in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242262.
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Sy, Dicken. "Characterization and purification of sex hormone binding globulin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470484.
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Daud, Hassan Bin Hj Mohd. "Experimentally induced infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus infection in common carp ('Cyprinus carpio', Linnaeus)." Thesis, Kingston University, 1989. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20349/.
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Bergamin, Giovani Taffarel. "Fontes protéicas de origem vegetal em dietas para juvenis de carpa húngara (Cyprinus carpio)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10724.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThis work aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary porcine meat meal by different plant-protein sources on the growth, carcass yield, carcass quality, blood parameters and sensory evaluation of the fillets of common carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted using water re-use system with 15 tanks (280L). In experiment 1, five experimental diets containing plant-protein sources were evaluated (soybean meal - FS, canola meal - FC, sunflower meal - FG and linseed meal - FL) to replace porcine meat meal (FCS - control diet). Common carp juveniles (195, initial weight 43.41g), were randomly distributed in the experimental units, and fed twice daily (09:00 and 15:00) with each of experimental diets, in triplicate. At the end of the trial (71 days), the best growth results were obtained in FCS, followed by FC and FS treatments that did not differ among each other. FCS, FG and FS had the highest values of corporal fat, while FC and FL diets did not show difference. The FL diet showed the worst growth, retention of protein and protein and fat deposition in whole body and fillet. About blood parameters, lower cholesterol was observed in the FG diet and lower aspartate aminotransferase activity was observed in the FL. The other variables did not differ significantly among themselves. Based on the results of experiment 1, the diets of experiment 2 were formulated, which were levels of replacement (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of porcine meat meal by mixing canola meal + soybean meal. The juveniles (135, initial weight 238.05g), were fed 3% of biomass twice daily (09:00 and 15:00). At 18, 36, 54 and 72 days, linear negative effect of plant-protein inclusion for all parameters of growth was observed, except for condition factor. The same result was obtained for whole body fat deposition, fat and protein deposition in fillet and the total cholesterol in serum. Hemoglobin and hematocrit presented quadratic effect. The other measured parameters were not influenced by diets. Based on this results, we can conclude that a diet based on porcine meat meal provides better growth of common carp juveniles compared to plant-protein based diets, besides increased protein deposition in whole body and fillet; the carcass parameters (yield and digestive indexes) are not affected by the dietary protein sources; color and taste are not affected by the plant-protein based diets; there is linear negative effect of replacing porcine meat meal by the mixture of canola and soybean meal on the growth of common carp juveniles.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de diferentes fontes protéicas de origem vegetal em substituição à farinha de carne suína da dieta, sobre o crescimento, rendimento e qualidade de carcaça, parâmetros sangüíneos e avaliação sensorial dos filés de juvenis de carpa húngara. Foram realizados dois experimentos, utilizando sistema de recirculação de água com 15 unidades experimentais (280L). No experimento 1, foram avaliadas cinco dietas experimentais. Uma dieta controle (FCS) com apenas farinha de carne suína como fonte protéica e quatro contendo fontes protéicas de origem vegetal (farelo de soja - FS, farelo de canola - FC, farelo de girassol - FG e farelo de linhaça - FL) substituindo 50% da proteína proveniente da farinha de carne suína. Foram utilizados 195 juvenis de carpa húngara (peso médio inicial 43,41g), distribuídos ao acaso nas unidades experimentais, sendo alimentados duas vezes ao dia (9 e 15 horas), em três repetições por tratamento. Ao final do experimento (71 dias), os melhores resultados de crescimento foram obtidos no tratamento FCS, seguido dos tratamentos FC e FS que não diferiram entre si. Para gordura corporal, os tratamentos FCS, FG e FS apresentaram os maiores valores, enquanto as dietas FC e FL não diferiram entre si. O tratamento FL apresentou os piores resultados de desempenho e coeficiente de retenção protéica, bem como as menores deposições de proteína e gordura corporal no filé. Nos parâmetros sangüíneos, menor colesterol foi observado no tratamento FG e menor atividade de aspartato aminotransferase no tratamento FL. As demais variáveis não diferiram significativamente entre si. Em função dos resultados do experimento 1, foram formuladas as dietas do experimento 2, que constituíam níveis de substituição (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) da farinha de carne suína pela mistura de farelo de canola + farelo de soja. Foram utilizados 135 animais (238,05g de peso médio inicial), que receberam 3% da biomassa em ração, duas vezes ao dia (9 e 15 horas). Aos 18, 36, 54 e 72 dias, foi observado efeito linear negativo da inclusão de farelos vegetais para todos os parâmetros de crescimento, exceto fator de condição. O mesmo resultado foi obtido para as deposições de gordura corporal e de gordura e proteína no filé, bem como para o colesterol total no soro. Hemoglobina e hematócrito apresentaram comportamento quadrático. Os demais parâmetros avaliados não foram influenciados pelas dietas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a dieta à base de farinha de carne suína proporciona maior crescimento de juvenis de carpa húngara comparada às dietas com farelos vegetais, além de levar a maior deposição de proteína no peixe inteiro e no filé; os parâmetros de carcaça (rendimentos e índices digestivos) não são afetados pelas fontes protéicas da dieta; A cor, tanto na análise sensorial como por determinação instrumental, bem como o sabor dos filés, não são afetados pelas fontes protéicas de origem vegetal. Há efeito linear negativo da substituição da farinha de carne suína pela mistura dos farelos de canola e soja, sobre o crescimento dos juvenis de carpa húngara.
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Baker, Gary Earl. "Experimental studies on the organisation of the gustatory systems of the carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1987. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3083/.
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The enlarge vagal and facial lobes of the carp are associated with the presence of large numbers of taste buds located respectively, within the oropharynx, especially on the palatal organ, and on the body surface, in particular the barbels.
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Turay, Lucien Raymond. "Molecular aspects of temperature acclimation in the muscle of the carp ("Cyprinus carpio" L)." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522781.
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