Journal articles: 'CYLINDRICAL CNT'

1

Nam, Vu Hoai, Nguyen Thi Phuong, and Vu Minh Duc. "Nonlinear buckling of orthogonal carbon nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical shells under axial compression surrounded by elastic foundation in thermal environment." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 08, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684119500167.

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Nonlinear buckling and postbuckling of orthogonal carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (Orthogonal CNTRC) cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression in thermal environments surrounded by elastic foundation are presented in this paper. Two layers of shell are reinforced by carbon nanotube (CNT) in two orthogonal directions (longitudinal and circumferential directions). Based on Donnell’s shell theory with von Karman’s nonlinearity and the Galerkin method, the governing equations are established to obtain the critical buckling loads and postbuckling load-deflection curves. The large effects of CNT volume fraction, temperature change, elastic foundation and geometrical parameters of cylindrical shells on the buckling load and postbuckling behavior of Orthogonal CNTRC cylindrical shells are obtained.

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Alibeigloo, A., and H. Jafarian. "Three-Dimensional Static and Free Vibration Analysis of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced Composite Cylindrical Shell Using Differential Quadrature Method." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 03 (April 2016): 1650033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500332.

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In this paper, bending and free vibration analysis of carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) cylindrical shell is carried out using the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) reinforcement is either uniformly distributed (UD) or functionally graded (FG) in the thickness direction which, are specified as the cases [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and FG-X. Effective material properties of CNTRC cylindrical shell are estimated according to the rule of mixture as well as considering the CNT efficiency parameters. An analytical solution is performed by using Fourier series along the axial coordinate together with state space technique along the radial coordinate for the simply supported CNTRC cylindrical shell. Moreover, for CNTRC cylindrical shell with other edges boundary conditions, a semi-analytical solution is accomplished by using differential quadrature method (DQM) along the axial coordinate and state space technique along the radial coordinate. Present approach is validated by comparing the numerical results with the available published results. Furthermore, effect of types of CNT distributions in the polymer matrix, volume fraction of CNT, edges boundary conditions and radial-to-thickness ratio on the bending and free vibration behavior of FG-CNTRC cylindrical are examined.

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Zhan, Hang, Qiang Qiang Shi, Guang Wu, and Jian Nong Wang. "A carbon nanotube approach for efficient thermally insulating material with high mechanical stability and fire-retardancy." RSC Advances 10, no. 37 (2020): 21772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03472j.

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Avramov, K. V., M. V. Chernobryvko, and B. V. Uspensky. "Free vibrations of functionally gradient CNT-infused cylindrical shells." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 25, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2019.02.023.

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TEWARI, AARTI, and SURESH C. SHARMA. "Theoretical investigations on the effect of different plasmas on growth and field emission properties of a spherical carbon nanotube (CNT) tip placed over cylindrical surfaces." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 5 (August 9, 2013): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000731.

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AbstractThe theoretical investigations on the effect of different plasmas on the growth and field emission properties of a spherical carbon nanotube (CNT) tip placed over cylindrical CNT surfaces have been carried out for the typical glow discharge plasma parameters. Different plasmas such as H2, Ar, CH4 and CF4 have been considered, and the growth of the CNT in the presence of various plasmas has been estimated in the present investigation. This study suggests that the field emission from the CNT grown in the presence of the H2 plasma is largest. It is also found that amongst the plasmas considered, the CF4 plasma is the most favourable for the growth of the large radius CNT, since the radius achieved in the CF4 plasma is the largest.

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Wei, Xianqi, Youzhang Zhu, Xianjun Xia, Xiaoli Wang, Weihuan Liu, and Xin Li. "Carbon nanotube cathodes covered on the cylindrical surface of a fiber." RSC Advances 5, no. 22 (2015): 17049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14537b.

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7

Duong, Van Quang. "STATIC INVESTIGATION OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CARBON NANOTUBES REINFORCED COMPOSITE CYLINDRICAL SHELL, DOUBLE-ENDED CLAMPED SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL PRESSURE LOADS." Journal of Science and Technique 17, no. 5 (November 29, 2022): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v17.n05.528.

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In this article, static analysis of clamped-clamped (C-C) functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylindrical shell subjected to external pressure was conducted. The governing equations were established by using higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) taking transverse normal stress effect into account. In this theory, the transverse displacement w is not a constant but rather is the second order polynomial of the coordinate along the thickness direction. Distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNT) across the shell thickness is assumed to be uniform (UD) or functionally graded in four types: FG-Ʌ, FG-V, FG-O, and FG-X. Effective material properties of FG-CNTRC cylindrical shells were estimated by the rule of mixture. An analytical solution using the simple trigonometric series and the Laplace transformation to solve governing equations of shell with clamped boundary condition at the both ends is presented. The validation of the applied approach was examined by comparing the results based on 3D exact model. The effects of the CNT distribution, the CNT volume fraction, and the geometrical parameters on the static behaviour of cylindrical shells subjected to external pressure were investigated. The result is remarkable that the stress components near the outer or inner surface vary most strongly, and in the case of a short or/and thick shell, the geometric parameter greatly affects the stress of shell.

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Zhang, Jian, Jianping Wei, Detian Li, Huzhong Zhang, Yongjun Wang, and Xiaobing Zhang. "A Cylindrical Triode Ultrahigh Vacuum Ionization Gauge with a Carbon Nanotube Cathode." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071636.

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In this study, a cylindrical triode ultrahigh vacuum ionization gauge with a screen-printed carbon nanotube (CNT) electron source was developed, and its metrological performance in different gases was systematically investigated using an ultrahigh vacuum system. The resulting ionization gauge with a CNT cathode responded linearly to nitrogen, argon, and air pressures in the range from ~4.0 ± 1.0 × 10−7 to 6 × 10−4 Pa, which is the first reported CNT emitter-based ionization gauge whose lower limit of pressure measurement is lower than its hot cathode counterpart. In addition, the sensitivities of this novel gauge were ~0.05 Pa−1 for nitrogen, ~0.06 Pa−1 for argon, and ~0.04 Pa−1 for air, respectively. The trend of sensitivity with anode voltage, obtained by the experimental method, was roughly consistent with that gained through theoretical simulation. The advantages of the present sensor (including low power consumption for electron emissions, invisible to infrared light radiation and thermal radiation, high stability, etc.) mean that it has potential applications in space exploration.

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9

Zhang, Z. H., N. Yu, and W. H. Chao. "Estimating the Thermal Conductivities and Elastic Stiffness of Carbon Nanotubes as a Function of Tube Geometry." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/939806.

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The thermal conductivities and elastic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are estimated by using the double-inclusion model, which is based on rigorous elasticity approach. The model regards a CNT as one inclusion (the inner cylindrical void) embedded in the other (the outer coaxial single-crystal graphite shell). The concept of homogenization is employed, and vital microstructural parameters, such as CNT diameter, length, and aspect ratio, are included in the present model. The relationship between microstructure and thermal conductivities and elastic stiffness of CNTs is quantitatively characterized. Our analytical results, benchmarked by experimental data, show that the thermal conductivities and elastic stiffness of CNTs are strongly dependent on the diameter of CNT with little dependence on the length of CNT.

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10

Bayat, M. R., M. Mosavi Mashhadi, and O. Rahmani. "Low-velocity impact response of sandwich cylindrical panels with nanotube-reinforced and metal face sheet in thermal environment." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1258 (September 18, 2018): 1943–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.104.

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ABSTRACTEmploying an analytical method, non-linear low-velocity impact response of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced sandwich cylindrical panels in thermal environments is analysed. Two types of core (i.e. homogenous and functionally graded) are considered for sandwich panels. The face sheets of sandwich panels are multi-layer which consist of CNT-reinforced composite (CNTRC) and metal layers. Micromechanical models are used to estimate the material properties of CNTRCs. A higher-order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán-type of kinematic non-linearity provides the equations of motion. Temperature-dependent material properties are used to include the thermal effects. The equations of motion are solved using a two-step perturbation technique. Existing numerical results in the literature are used to validate the present method. The effect of nanotube volume fraction, material property gradient, impactor initial velocity, geometrical parameters of cylindrical panel, temperature change and edge boundary condition on the impact response of cylindrical panel structures is discussed. The quantitative results and analytical formulations can be helpful in better designing of CNTRC structures subjected to low-velocity impact in thermal environments.

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11

Hafidh, Senaa S., Hamad M. Hasan, and Farag M. Mohammed. "Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotubes Sandwich Cylindrical Panels." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23020127.

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In this research, we investigate the nonlinear vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNTs) for simply supported sandwich cylindrical panels. The sandwich consisting of three layers formed of (FG-CNTs) and isotropic material as (CNT, ALMINUME, CNT). Mechanical properties of the sandwich media are acquired according to a reﬁned rule of blend approach. The governing equations were derived using a first-order deformation theory (FOSDT). Four kinds of carbon nanotubes of sandwich cylindrical panels were analyzed. The volume fraction of CNTs is varied. The properties of nonlinear responses and free vibration are studied. The numerical approach employs the fourth-order Runge-Kutta and Galerkine procedure. Which conducted for the dynamic analysis of the panels to present the natural frequencies and non-linear dynamic response expression. The results show that; the natural frequencies and the nonlinear vibration amplitude decrease with the volume fraction and thickness ratio increase. The nonlinear vibration amplitude response increases when increasing the excitation force. The initial imperfection and the elastic foundation have a minor impact on the nonlinear vibration response of the panel. The Pasternak Foundation has a larger impact than the Winkler foundation. The structure formed of FG-CNT present an excellent choice for high-performance of engineering applications.

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12

Martinez, Patricia M., Vladimir A. Pozdin, Alexios Papadimitratos, William Holmes, Fatemeh Hassanipour, George Dover, and Anvar A. Zakhidov. "Carbon Nanotube Dry Spinnable Sheets for Solar Selective Coatings by Lamination." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 18, no. 4 (September 10, 2016): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj479.

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Carbon nanotube, oriented free standing sheets can be laminated on any surface as selective solar absorbers while simultaneously dry spun in a highly controlled process from vertically oriented forests grown by CVD. We have found that properties of a CNT forest strongly correlate with the optical transparency and reflectivity of CNT sheets required for solar selective coatings and can be properly tuned for optimal coatings for solar collectors. We study absorptive and emissive properties of CNT sheets that are laminated by a simple automated and controlled process, developed for coating of cylindrical glass tubes for evacuated solar collectors (ETC). The advantages of Joule heating of CNT coatings are demonstrated and test results described, showing a unique property of fast heating as compared to slow heating in conventional solar water heaters.

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13

Yoo, HeeJoun, Anand P. Tiwari, JeongTaik Lee, Doyoung Kim, Jong Hyeok Park, and Hyoyoung Lee. "Cylindrical nanostructured MoS2 directly grown on CNT composites for lithium-ion batteries." Nanoscale 7, no. 8 (2015): 3404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr06348a.

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14

Avey, Mahmure, Nicholas Fantuzzi, and Abdullah Sofiyev. "Mathematical Modeling and Analytical Solution of Thermoelastic Stability Problem of Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Cylinders within Different Theories." Mathematics 10, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10071081.

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Revolutionary advances in technology have led to the use of functionally graded nanocomposite structural elements that operate at high temperatures and whose properties depend on position, such as cylindrical shells designed as load-bearing elements. These advances in technology require new mathematical modeling and updated numerical calculations to be performed using improved theories at design time to reliably apply such elements. The main goal of this study is to model, mathematically and within an analytical solution, the thermoelastic stability problem of composite cylinders reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under a uniform thermal loading within the shear deformation theory (ST). The influence of transverse shear deformations is considered when forming the fundamental relations of CNT-patterned cylindrical shells and the basic partial differential equations (PDEs) are derived within the modified Donnell-type shell theory. The PDEs are solved by the Galerkin method, and the formula is found for the eigenvalue (critical temperature) of the functionally graded nanocomposite cylindrical shells. The influences of CNT patterns, volume fraction, and geometric parameters on the critical temperature within the ST are estimated by comparing the results within classical theory (CT).

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15

Hieu, Pham Thanh, and Hoang Van Tung. "Postbuckling behavior of CNT-reinforced composite cylindrical shell surrounded by an elastic medium and subjected to combined mechanical loads in thermal environments." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 10 (September 5, 2018): 1319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718796551.

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Cylindrical shells are usually buckled under complex and combined loading conditions. This article presents an analytical approach to investigate the buckling and postbuckling behaviors of cylindrical shells reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes, surrounded by an elastic medium, exposed to thermal environments, and subjected to combined axial compression and lateral pressure loads. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are imbedded into matrix phase by uniform distribution or functionally graded distribution along the thickness direction. The properties of constituents are assumed to be temperature dependent, and effective properties of CNT-reinforced composite (CNTRC) are determined by an extended rule of mixture. Governing equations are based on the classical shell theory (CST) taking von Karman–Donnell nonlinearity and surrounding elastic foundations into consideration. Three-term form of deflection is assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions, and Galerkin method is applied to obtain nonlinear load–deflection relations from which buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths are determined. Numerical examples are carried out to show the effects of CNT volume fraction, distribution types, thermal environments, preexisting nondestabilizing lateral pressure and axial compression loads, and elastic medium on the buckling and postbuckling behaviors of CNTRC cylindrical shells.

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16

Safarpour, Hamed, Kianoosh Mohammadi, Majid Ghadiri, and Mohammad M. Barooti. "Effect of Porosity on Flexural Vibration of CNT-Reinforced Cylindrical Shells in Thermal Environment Using GDQM." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 10 (October 2018): 1850123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501237.

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This article investigates the flexural vibration of temperature-dependent and carbon nanotube-reinforced (CNTR) cylindrical shells made of functionally graded (FG) porous materials under various kinds of thermal loadings. The equivalent material properties of the cylindrical shell of concern are estimated using the rule of mixture. Both the cases of uniform distribution (UD) and FG distribution patterns of reinforcements are considered. Thermo-mechanical properties of the cylindrical shell are supposed to vary through the thickness and are estimated using the modified power-law rule, by which the porosities with even and uneven types are approximated. As the porosities occur inside the FG materials during the manufacturing process, it is necessary to consider their impact on the vibration behavior of shells. The present study is featured by consideration of different types of porosities in various CNT reinforcements under various boundary conditions in a single model. The governing equations and boundary conditions are developed using Hamilton's principle and solved by the generalized differential quadrature method. The accuracy of the present results is verified by comparison with existing ones and those by Navier's method. The results show that the length to radius ratio and temperature, as well as CNT reinforcement, porosity, thermal loading, and boundary conditions, play an important role on the natural frequency of the cylindrical shell of concern in thermal environment.

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Yadav, Amit, Marco Amabili, Sarat Kumar Panda, Tanish Dey, and Rajesh Kumar. "Nonlinear damped vibrations of three-phase CNT-FRC circular cylindrical shell." Composite Structures 255 (January 2021): 112939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112939.

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18

Nam, Vu Hoai, Nguyen-Thoi Trung, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Vu Minh Duc, and Vu Tho Hung. "Nonlinear Torsional Buckling of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube Orthogonally Reinforced Composite Cylindrical Shells in Thermal Environment." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 07 (August 2020): 2050072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500726.

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This paper deals with the nonlinear large deflection torsional buckling of functionally graded carbon nanotube (CNT) orthogonally reinforced composite cylindrical shells surrounded by Pasternak’s elastic foundations with the thermal effect. The shell is made by two layers where the polymeric matrix is reinforced by the CNTs in longitudinal and circumferential directions for outer and inner layers, respectively. The stability equation system is obtained by combining the Donnell’s shell theory, von Kármán nonlinearity terms, the circumferential condition in average sense and three-state solution form of deflection. The critical torsional buckling load, postbuckling load-deflection and the load-end shortening expressions are obtained by applying the Galerkin procedure. The effects of temperature change, foundation parameters, geometrical properties and CNT distribution law on the nonlinear behavior of cylindrical shell are numerically predicted. Especially, the effect of orthogonal reinforcement in comparison with longitudinal and circumferential reinforcement on the torsional buckling behavior of shells is observed.

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19

Avey, Mahmure, Nicholas Fantuzzi, and Abdullah H. Sofiyev. "Analytical Solution of Stability Problem of Nanocomposite Cylindrical Shells under Combined Loadings in Thermal Environments." Mathematics 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2023): 3781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11173781.

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The mathematical modeling of the stability problem of nanocomposite cylindrical shells is one of the applications of partial differential equations (PDEs). In this study, the stability behavior of inhomogeneous nanocomposite cylindrical shells (INH-NCCSs), under combined axial compression and hydrostatic pressure in the thermal environment, is investigated by means of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The nanocomposite material is modeled as homogeneous and heterogeneous and is based on a carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polymer with the linear variation of the mechanical properties throughout the thickness. In the heterogeneous case, the mechanical properties are modeled as the linear function of the thickness coordinate. The basic equations are derived as partial differential equations and solved in a closed form, using the Galerkin procedure, to determine the critical combined loads for the selected structure in thermal environments. To test the reliability of the proposed formulation, comparisons with the results obtained by finite element and numerical methods in the literature are accompanied by a systematic study aimed at testing the sensitivity of the design response to the loading parameters, CNT models, and thermal environment.

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20

Kiani, Y. "Dynamics of FG-CNT reinforced composite cylindrical panel subjected to moving load." Thin-Walled Structures 111 (February 2017): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.11.011.

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21

Baltacıoğlu, Ali Kemal, and Ömer Civalek. "Vibration analysis of circular cylindrical panels with CNT reinforced and FGM composites." Composite Structures 202 (October 2018): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.02.024.

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22

Song, Z. G., L. W. Zhang, and K. M. Liew. "Active vibration control of CNT-reinforced composite cylindrical shells via piezoelectric patches." Composite Structures 158 (December 2016): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.09.031.

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23

Rashidi, Alimorad, M. Omidi, M. Choolaei, M. Nazarzadeh, A. Yadegari, F. Haghierosadat, F. Oroojalian, and M. Azhdari. "Electromechanical Properties of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube." Advanced Materials Research 705 (June 2013): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.332.

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In this paper a simple method is used for fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) within the cylindrical pores anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate. Electronic and mechanical properties of VACNT have been obtained after removing AAO substrate. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube shows very interesting electromechanical properties which can be used in CNT-based sensors to detect chemical analytical or physical properties such as temperature orpressure.

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Kim, H. J., J. H. Lee, C. Y. Jeong, J. W. Kwak, S. O. Cho, B. C. Cho, and S. W. Lee. "PO-0995: Development of cylindrical applicator for CNT based miniature electronic brachytherapy source." Radiotherapy and Oncology 127 (April 2018): S554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31305-7.

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25

Zhang, L. W., Z. G. Song, Pizhong Qiao, and K. M. Liew. "Modeling of dynamic responses of CNT-reinforced composite cylindrical shells under impact loads." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 313 (January 2017): 889–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2016.10.020.

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Song, Z. G., L. W. Zhang, and K. M. Liew. "Vibration analysis of CNT-reinforced functionally graded composite cylindrical shells in thermal environments." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 115-116 (September 2016): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2016.06.020.

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Lei, Z. X., L. W. Zhang, and K. M. Liew. "Parametric analysis of frequency of rotating laminated CNT reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels." Composites Part B: Engineering 90 (April 2016): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.12.024.

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Liu, Zong Hsin, Li Wei Lin, Cheng Teng Pan, and Zong Yu Ou. "Pre-Strained Piezoelectric PVDF Nanofiber Array Fabricated by Near-Field Electrospining on Cylindrical Process for Flexible Energy Conversion." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.462.

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In this study, near-field electrospining on hollow cylindrical (NFES) process was used to fabricate permanent piezoelectricity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric nanofibers. With in situ electric poling, mechanical stretching and heating during NFES process, the pre-strained piezoelectric PVDF nanofibers with high stretchability and energy conversion efficiency can be applied at low-frequency ambient vibration to convert mechanical energies into electrical signals. By adjusting rotating velocity of the hollow cylindrical glass tube on X-Y stage, electric field, baking temperature and carbon nanotube (CNT) concentration in PVDF solution, the crystalline of β phase, polarization intensity and morphology of piezoelectric fiber can be controlled. XRD (X-ray diffraction) observation of PVDF fibers was characterized. With electric field 0.5×107 V/m (needle-to-tube distance 2 mm and DC voltage 5 kV), rotating velocity 400 r.p.m, baking temperature 80 °C and 0.03 wt% CNT in NFES process, it reveals a high diffraction peak at 2θ=20.8° of piezoelectric crystal β-phase structure. Then the array nanofibers were transferred onto a parallel copper electrode by using flexible insulation epoxy/PI film to provide packaging protection. When the sensor was tested under 5 Hz vibration frequency, the maximum induced voltage was 29.4 mVp-p.

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Patnaik, N., S. Shaw, D. N. Thatoi, and M. K. Nayak. "Bödewadt Slip Flow of Casson Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid due to Stretching Rotating Disk." Journal of Nanofluids 12, no. 5 (June 1, 2023): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2023.2012.

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The main goal of the present study is to invetigate Bödewadt flow and thermal analysis of radiative ternary hybrid nanofluid over rotating disk subject to second order slip. The ternary hybrid nanofluid contains nanoparticle-1 as Al2O3(spherical), nanoparticle-2 as CNT (cylindrical), nanoparticle-3 as graphene (platelet) and base fluid as water. Casson model is adopted to show the non-Newtonian behavior of the flow of Al2O3+CNT+Graphene+Water ternary hybrid nanofluid. The transformed non-dimensional equations are solved numerically by using bvp4c package on MATLAB. The major outcomes of the work include amplified non-Newtonian parameter upgrades the radial, azimuthal and axial velocities of mono nanofluid, binary hybrid nanofluid and ternary hybrid nanofluids. Thermal boundary layer is thickest for non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid compared to mono nanofluid and binary hybrid nanofluid.

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Sobhani, Emad, Amir R. Masoodi, and Amir Reza Ahmadi-Pari. "Vibration of FG-CNT and FG-GNP sandwich composite coupled Conical-Cylindrical-Conical shell." Composite Structures 273 (October 2021): 114281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114281.

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Maithani, Aditya, Vaibhav Mall, and Sarthak Guha roy. "Structural and Thermal Analysis of Magnesium Based Brake Friction Material." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41899.

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Abstract: Conventional brake pad friction materials are made of organic, metallic and ceramic materials but they suffer from various shortcomings like dampening effects, formation of undesirable phases, sensitivity to high temperature and brittleness. However, in the recent years due to better tribological properties of magnesium and its composites they have gained considerable importance to be used as brake pad friction material. In present article the structural and thermal analysis of six magnesium composites (viz., AZ91 + 0.5 wt.% GNP, AZ91 + 30 wt.% TiC, Mg + 1 Al + 0.6 wt.% CNT, AZ91D + 1.5 wt.% B4C, Mg + 10 % TiC + 5 wt.% MoS2, Mg+ 5 wt.% Graphite) in ANSYS software has been carried out. During the structural and thermal simulation it was observed that AZ91+0.5wt%GNP and Mg+1Al+0.60CNT gave the best results for total deformation, equivalent stress and strain and were found to be the most suitable composites for making brake pad friction material. This behaviour of the GNP and CNT composites can be attributed to their respective honey-comb and cylindrical structure lattice and high thermal properties. Keywords: Brake pad friction material, Structural analysis, Thermal analysis, Composites, GNP, CNT

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Deniz, Ali, Mahmure Avey, Nicholas Fantuzzi, Abdullah Sofiyev, Banu Esencan Turkaslan, Salim Yuce, and Eckart Schnack. "Influences of Elastic Foundations and Material Gradient on the Dynamic Response of Polymer Cylindrical Pipes Patterned by Carbon Nanotube Subjected to Moving Pressures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113075.

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Composite materials are frequently used in the construction of rail, tunnels, and pipelines as well as in the construction of aircraft, ships, and chemical pipelines. When such structural elements are formed from new-generation composites, such as CNT-reinforced composites, and their interaction with the ground, there is a need to renew the dynamic response calculations under moving pressures and to create new mathematical solution methods during their design. The aim of this study was to analyze the influences of elastic foundations (EFs) and material gradient on the dynamic response of infinitely long carbon nanotube (CNT)-based polymer pipes under combined static and moving pressures. The CNT-based polymer pipes resting on the EFs were exposed to the axial and moving pressures. The uniform and heterogeneous reinforcement distributions of CNTs, which varied linearly throughout the thickness of polymer pipes, were considered. After setting the problem, the fundamental equations derived to find new analytical expressions for dynamic coefficients and critical velocity, which are dynamic characteristics of cylindrical pipes reinforced by the uniform and linear distributions of CNTs, were solved in the framework of the vibration theory. Finally, numerical computations were performed to examine the effects of EFs on the critical parameters depending on the characteristics of the pipes, the speed of moving pressures, the shape of the distribution of CNTs, and the change in volume fractions.

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Anvari, Ali, and Sanjeev Khanna. "The Effect of Thermal Cycling on the Tensile and Shear Behaviors of the Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (September 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1741544.

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The aim of this research is to study the tensile and shear properties and mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) reinforced epoxy after the resulting composites have been exposed to different thermal cycling environments. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are cylindrical molecules that consist of rolled-up sheet of single-layer carbon atoms (graphene) with a diameter of less than 1 nanometer (nm). Thermal cycling environments can exist in many conditions, such as in-earth orbit for satellites which rotate around the earth and pass through the sun illumination and earth’s shadow, and for airplanes which fly in different altitudes with different temperatures. Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy is one of the nanocomposite materials which have been broadly used in many applications such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and other industries. The goal of this study is to fabricate this nanocomposite with different multiwall and single-wall CNT concentrations and expose it to different thermal cycle numbers and determine the changes in tensile and shear properties and failure characteristics. For this purpose, tension and short-beam tests have been used in this research. The addition of multiwall CNT produces better mechanical properties compared to the use of SWCNT reinforcement. However, unreinforced epoxy showed the highest mechanical properties.

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Hou, Guangfeng, Vianessa Ng, Yi Song, Lu Zhang, Chenhao Xu, Vesselin Shanov, David Mast, Mark Schulz, and Yijun Liu. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Sock Formation." MRS Advances 2, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.632.

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ABSTRACTFormation of the carbon nanotube (CNT) sock, which is an assemblage of nanotubes in a thin cylindrical shape, is a prerequisite for continuous production of thread and sheet using the floating catalyst growth method. Although several studies have considered sock formation mechanisms, the dynamics of the sock behavior during the synthesis process are not well understood. In this work, a computational technique is utilized to explore the multiphysics environment within the nanotube reactor affecting the sock formation and structure. Specifically the flow field, temperature profile, catalyst nucleation, and residence time are investigated and their influence on the sock formation and properties are studied. We demonstrate that it is critical to control the multiphysics synthesis environment in order to form a stable sock. Sock production rate was studied experimentally and found to be linearly dependent on the amount of effective catalyst (iron in the sock) inside the reactor. To achieve a high sock production rate, the proportion of effective iron has to be high when increasing the total amount of catalyst in the reactor. Based on the analysis, we suggest that using small size catalyst and growing longer CNTs by increasing temperature, increasing residence times etc. will increase the CNT production rate and improve the properties of CNT thread/sheet produced from the sock.

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Chakraborty, Sumeet, and Tanish Dey. "Non-linear stability analysis of CNT reinforced composite cylindrical shell panel subjected to thermomechanical loading." Composite Structures 255 (January 2021): 112995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112995.

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Khalkhali, Abolfazl, Sharif Khakshournia, and Parvaneh Saberi. "Optimal design of functionally graded PmPV/CNT nanocomposite cylindrical tube for purpose of torque transmission." Journal of Central South University 23, no. 2 (February 2016): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3081-5.

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Pourasghar, A., and Z. Chen. "Thermoelastic response of CNT reinforced cylindrical panel resting on elastic foundation using theory of elasticity." Composites Part B: Engineering 99 (August 2016): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.028.

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Kiani, Yaser, Rossana Dimitri, and Francesco Tornabene. "Free vibration of FG-CNT reinforced composite skew cylindrical shells using the Chebyshev-Ritz formulation." Composites Part B: Engineering 147 (August 2018): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.028.

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Sofiyev, Abdullah H., and Nicholas Fantuzzi. "Stability Analysis of Shear Deformable Inhomogeneous Nanocomposite Cylindrical Shells under Hydrostatic Pressure in Thermal Environment." Materials 16, no. 13 (July 7, 2023): 4887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134887.

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In this study, the stability of inhomogeneous nanocomposite cylindrical shells (INCCSs) under hydrostatic pressure in a thermal environment is presented. The effective material properties of the inhomogeneous nanocomposite cylindrical shell are modeled on the basis of the extended mixture rule. Based on the effective material properties, the fundamental relations and stability equations are derived for thermal environments. In this process, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the homogeneous orthotropic shell is generalized to the inhomogeneous shell theory. This is accomplished using the modified Donnell-type shell theory. The analytical expressions are obtained for hydrostatic buckling pressure of INCCSs in the framework of FSDT and classical shell theory (CST) by obtaining a solution based on Galerkin’s procedure. The numerical examples presented include both comparisons and original results. The last section shows the influences of carbon nanotube (CNT) models, volume fraction, and shell characteristics on the hydrostatic buckling pressure in the thermal environment.

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Safarpour, M., and A. Alibeigloo. "Elasticity Solution for Bending and Frequency Behavior of Sandwich Cylindrical Shell with FG-CNTRC Face-Sheets and Polymer Core Under Initial Stresses." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 13, no. 02 (March 2021): 2150020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825121500204.

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This paper explores the high-accuracy analysis of bending and frequency response of the sandwich cylindrical shell with functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) face-sheets and polymeric core under the effect of initial axial stress and various mechanical loading based upon the three-dimensional theory of elasticity for various sets of boundary conditions. The sandwich structure is composed of multilayers with uniformly dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNT) in each fictitious layer of face-sheets, but its weight fraction changes layer-by-layer along the thickness direction. With the aid of compatibility conditions, the sandwich structure with three layers is modeled. Analytical bending and frequency solutions are obtained for simply supported shells. Also, the state-space based differential quadrature method (SS-DQM) is employed to determine the bending and frequency response of the sandwich cylindrical shell by considering various boundary conditions. The bending response of the sandwich cylindrical shell is obtained under the impact of various mechanical loadings. The influences of several parameters, such as initial stress and various mechanical loadings are investigated on the bending and frequency of the structures. The results of the presented study can be served as benchmarks to assess the validity of the conventional two-dimensional theory.

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Iman Maralkhani and Abolfazl Taherkhani. "Thermal buckling analysis of cylindrical shells of carbon nanotubes reinforced composites." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/joaasr21201897.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal buckling analysis of cylindrical shells of carbon nanotubes reinforced composites (CNTRC). In this study, a hybrid laminate composite plate consisting of N layers which are of thickness t is designed. N is the number of layers and the thickness of each functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTR-FG) layer is h, and three types of the distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are considered for each layer. CNTR-FG are multi-layered plates which have the length "a", width "b", thickness "t", and an arbitrary combination of boundary conditions along the four edges of the layer. The distribution of carbon nanotubes along the thickness of each layer of CNTR-FG is considered to be given. Implementation is done by using Abaqus software. In the investigation of the thermal buckling of cylindrical shells of CNTRC, in three different types of distribution of carbon nanotubes, the behavior of buckling of a cylindrical shell is investigated. In each case, the amount of buckling generated in the shell is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the behaviors of these three types of distributions are close, and the nanotubes with uniform distribution against thermal buckling loads perform better than the other two distributions.

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Dangel, Gabrielle R., Hope Kumakli, Connor E. Rahm, Ryan White, and Noe T. Alvarez. "Nanoelectrode Ensembles Consisting of Carbon Nanotubes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 8399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188399.

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Incorporating the nanoscale properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their assemblies into macroscopic materials is at the forefront of scientific innovation. The electrical conductivity, chemical inertness, and large aspect ratios of these cylindrical structures make them ideal electrode materials for electrochemical studies. The ability to assemble CNTs into nano-, micro-, and macroscale materials broadens their field of applications. Here, we report the fabrication of random arrays of CNT cross-sections and their performance as nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). Single ribbons of drawable CNTs were employed to create the CNT-NEEs that allows easier fabrication of nanoscale electrodes for general electrochemical applications. Surface analysis of the prepared NEEs using scanning electron microscopy showed a random distribution of CNTs within the encapsulating polymer. Electrochemical testing via cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy revealed voltametric differences from the typical macroelectrode response with the steady-state nature of NEEs. Finally, when the NEE was employed for Pb2+ detection using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, a limit of detection of 0.57 ppb with a linear range of 10–35 ppb was achieved.

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43

Chhoker, S., S. K. Arora, P. Srivastava, and V. D. Vankar. "Electron Field Emission from Graphitic Nanoflakes Grown Over Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 4309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an39.

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Single step growth of self-assembled graphitic nanoflakes (GNF) over carbon nanotubes (CNT) on iron coated silicon(100) substrates is reported. These nanostructures were grown by varying the deposition time in a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor using acetylene, hydrogen and argon as reactant gases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of the deposited carbon films revealed that with increase in deposition time from 3 minutes to 6 minutes, the surface topography of the films transformed from one dimensional cylindrical nanostructure to flat-shaped two-dimensional nanoflakes. Carbon film deposited for 5 minutes showed improved surface coverage as compared to films deposited for 6 minutes i.e., surface area of the CNT film covered with nanoflakes increased as compared to carbon film deposited for higher durations. Field emission studies of films deposited at 5 minutes and 6 minutes showed increase in turn-on field, required for electron emission, from 2.7 V/μm to 2.9 V/μm respectively. However, such a combination of one dimension carbon and two dimension carbon may prove useful in applications where high surface area films are required.

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44

Lennhoff, John D. "SWNT and MWNT from a Polymeric Electrospun Nanofiber Precursor." MRS Proceedings 1752 (2014): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.946.

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ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNT) are expected to revolutionize a range of technologies because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Using nanotubes in structural materials holds significant promise due to their extremely high modulus and tensile strength, however their cost, production rate and integration into a fiber form severely limit the current structural application opportunities. The high cost of CNT is tied to their slow, batch synthesis using vapor phase, vacuum processes. We report the investigation of the formation of carbon nanotubes from a polymeric precursor using an electrospinning production process. Electrospinning generates nanofibers at velocities up to 10 m/s from a single nozzle without a vacuum requirement, with the potential to generate CNT appropriate from structural and electrical applications. Our CNT formation concept is based upon Reactive Empirical Bond order calculations that show carbon nanofibers have a thermodynamic preference for the cylindrical graphite conformation. Simulations suggest that for small diameter carbon fibers, less than about 60 nm, the single wall and multi wall nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT) phases are thermodynamically favored relative to an amorphous or planar graphitic nanofiber structure. We have developed a novel process using continuous electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as precursors to continuous SWNT and MWNT. The process for converting PAN nanofibers to SWNT's and MWNT's follows the process for typical carbon fiber manufacture. The PAN nanofibers, of 10 to 100 nm in diameter, are crosslinked by heating in air and then decomposed to carbon via simple pyrolysis in inert atmosphere. The pyrolyzed carbon nanofibers are then annealed to form the more energetically favorable SWNT or MWNT phase, depending upon the precursor diameter. We will discuss the process and characterization data.

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Bhadra, Rakesh, Tamonash Jana, Anirban Mitra, and Prasanta Sahoo. "Flattening Cylindrical Contact Analysis of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Nanocomposite." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.313629.

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The present study examines the effects of changes in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) volume % in an Al reinforced nanocomposite under loading and unloading in a cylindrical flattening contact. Flattening action is provided by a rigid flat, which moves downward and upward to simulate the loading and unloading stages, respectively. The cylinder is modelled as a 2D quarter-circle, which consists of the embedded CNTs. Volume % of the nanotubes is varied by changing the wall thickness and number of CNTs, while the overall radius is kept fixed. Finite element model to perform a plane stress quasi-static analysis is created using ANSYS. The simulated results are compared with results from published studies to satisfactorily validate it. Various parameters, in the contact zone and in the vicinity of the CNTs, are presented as results. It is found that above a certain CNT thickness, higher volume percentage of CNTs result in higher contact force as well as contact area. Additionally, more matrix material in the asperity is found to yield plastically for higher volume percentage of CNTs.

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46

Qin, Zhaoye, Xuejia Pang, Babak Safaei, and Fulei Chu. "Free vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded CNT reinforced composite cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions." Composite Structures 220 (July 2019): 847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.04.046.

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47

Bidgoli, Mahmood Rabani, Mohammad Saeed Karimi, and Ali Ghorbanpour Arani. "Viscous fluid induced vibration and instability of FG-CNT-reinforced cylindrical shells integrated with piezoelectric layers." Steel and Composite Structures 19, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 713–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.3.713.

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48

Battiato, Ilenia. "Self-similarity in coupled Brinkman/Navier–Stokes flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 699 (April 24, 2012): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.85.

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AbstractIn this paper we derive self-similar solutions of flows through both a porous medium and a pure fluid. Self-similar filtration velocity and hydrodynamic shear profiles are obtained by means of asymptotic analysis in the limit of infinitely small permeability, and for both laminar and turbulent regimes over the porous medium. We show that a spatial length scale, related to the porous layer thickness, naturally emerges from the limiting process and suggests a more formal definition of thick and thin porous media. We finally specialize the analysis to porous media constituted of patterned cylindrical obstacles, which can freely deflect under the aerodynamic shear exerted by the fluid flowing through and over the forest. A self-similar solution for the bending profile of the elastic cylindrical obstacles is obtained as intermediate asymptotics, and applied to carbon nanotube (CNT) forests’ response to aerodynamic stresses. This self-similar solution is successfully used to estimate flexural rigidity of CNTs by linear fit of appropriately rescaled maximum deflection and average velocity measurements.

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Trang, Le Thi Nhu, and Hoang Van Tung. "Thermomechanical nonlinear stability of pressure-loaded CNT-reinforced composite doubly curved panels resting on elastic foundations." Nonlinear Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2018-0077.

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Abstract Nonlinear stability of nanocomposite spherical and cylindrical panels reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs), resting on elastic foundations and subjected to uniform external pressure in thermal environments is investigated in this paper. CNTs are embedded into matrix phase through uniform distribution (UD) or functionally graded (FG) distribution, and effective properties of CNT-reinforced composite are estimated through an extended rule of mixture. Governing equations are based on classical shell theory taking geometrical nonlinearity, initial geometrical imperfection and panel-foundation interaction into consideration. Approximate solutions of deflection and stress functions are assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions and Galerkin method is applied to obtain nonlinear load-deflection relation. Numerical examples show the effects of volume fraction and distribution type of CNTs, in-plane condition of edges, curvature of panel, thermal environments, elastic foundations and imperfection size on the nonlinear response and snap-through instability of the curved panels. The present study reveals that efficiency of CNT distribution type depends on curvature of panel and in-plane behavior of boundary edges, and bifurcation type buckling response of pressure-loaded panels may occur at elevated temperature.

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Дмитриев, С. В., И. Р. Сунагатова, М. А. Ильгамов, and И. С. Павлов. "Собственные частоты изгибных колебаний углеродных нанотрубок." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 11 (2021): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.11.51536.127-21.

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Using a molecular dynamics model with a reduced number of degrees of freedom, the natural frequencies of bending vibrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of various diameters are calculated under plane strain conditions. It is shown that the theory of thin cylindrical shells provides high accuracy in estimating the frequencies of low-amplitude natural vibrations even for relatively small CNT diameters. It is shown that with an increase in the amplitude, the frequency of natural vibrations decreases, which is consistent with the data available in the literature. The results obtained are necessary for the design of terahertz resonators based on CNTs and high-precision mass and force nanosensors based on the effect of electromechanical coupling that CNTs exhibit.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CYLINDRICAL CNT'

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