Journal articles on the topic 'Cylinder reel'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cylinder reel.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Cylinder reel.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Smith, N. "Classic Project: Cylinder 'reel' lawn mower." Engineering & Technology 13, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2018.0434.
Full text
2
Junaidi, Ichlas Nur, Nofriadi, and Rusmardi. "Pengembangan Mesin Pencacah Sampah/Limbah Plastik Dengan Sistem Crusher dan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.10.2.12.
Full textAbstract:
Waste plastic mounting, but can be recycled into other products in the form of granules before further processed into pellets and seed injection molding process produces products such as buckets, plates, bottles and other beverages. To be processed into the required form of granules of plastic thrasher. Though so small plastic recycling industry is still constrained in plastic enumeration process because the machine used was not optimal ability. The purpose of this research is the development of the system thrasher plastic crusher and cutter cylinder-type reel and technical evaluation. This study was conducted over two years, the first year the design and manufacture of machinery, the second year is a technical evaluation of the engine, engine performance improvements and economic analysis of granular plastic products.From the results obtained engine design capacity of the machine ± 350 kg / h, the engine size is 50 cm x 120 cm x 30 cm, power motor of 10 HP at 1450 RPM rotation with 3 phase. Some of the major components of the engine that is, counter crusher unit consists of two counter rotating cylinders opposite, counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 58 cm, blade chopper Ø 17 cm x 2 cm with the number of teeth / blades 7 pieces and the number of blades along shaft 7 pieces, buses retaining Ø 10 cm x 2 cm. Counter-cylinder unit consists of a reel-type cutter counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 90 cm, the middle shaft mounted cylinder with Ø 17 cm x 40 cm as the holder of the chopper blades. Chopper blade consists of 4 pieces with a size of 40 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm with ASSAB materials. Furthermore, as the blade retaining bedknife shear force of the blade chopper, upper frame, lower frame, strainer, funnel entry, exit funnel, and the drive unit consists of an electric motor, reducer, belts, pulleys and 2 pieces of gear transmission. The results of performance testing machine crusher round cylinder 75 RPM and 1450 RPM reel-type cutting machine capacity ± 300 kg / h on the filter hole Ø 1.5 cm, with a 80% grain uniformity.
3
Junaidi, Ichlas Nur, Zulfikar, and Nasirwan. "Modifikasi Sistem Transmisi pada Mesin Pencacah Sampah/Limbah Plastik dengan Sistem Crusher dan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.11.2.26.
Full textAbstract:
An increasing number of plastic waste, but can be recycled into other products in the form of granules before further processing into a grain pellets and injection molding processes to produce products such as buckets, plates, bottles and others. To be processed into the required form of granules of plastic thrasher. Even so small plastic recycling industry is still constrained within a plastic enumeration process because the machine used his ability was not maximal.The purpose of this study is a modification of the transmission system thrasher plastic crusher system and cylinder-type cutter reel and technical evaluation. This study was conducted over two years, the first year the design and manufacture of machinery, the second year is the technical evaluation of the engine, improved engine performance. From the results of the study year I found some weaknesses machines namely, 1) the machine is often hampered by the transmission belt on the motor shaft with shaft reducer as drive unit crusher often slip when a large load, 2) transmission gears hipoid of the motor shaft with shaft type unit reel get a great friction and cause the sound very noisy. To improve the performance of the engine of the transmission system needs to be fixed.From the results of the design redesign the engine in the second year, namely, the installation of a connector axle of the motor shaft with shaft-type knife reel player. Axle used is commonly used in car axle Carry. Likewise, the transmission system between the motor shaft to the reducer as a successor to the rotation axis of the blade type crusher players use the chain sprocket to avoid slip on a rotating shaft. The results of performance testing crusher machine on lap 75 RPM and cylinder-type reel cutters 1450 RPM, engine capacity ± 130 kg / h on the cylinder type crusher and the reel-type cylinder engine capacity of ± 165 kg / h at an aperture sieve Ø 1,5 cm, with uniformity of grain 85%.
4
Balamurugan, R., M. Dhivakar, V. Gokul, and M. Dineshkumar. "Design of reel splitting machine using hydraulic cylinder and a sensor." Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 3114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.724.
Full text
5
Junaidi, Junaidi, Adriansyah Adriansyah, and Elvis Adril. "Modifikasi Unit PemotonMesin Pencacah Serat TKKS Menggunakan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 15, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.15.1.145.
Full textAbstract:
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are solid waste from the oil palm plantation industry with a fiber content of ± 70%, and can be used as a composite board reinforcement. From the results of previous studies found that the mechanical properties of composite boards of OPEFB fibers between the left, middle and right parts occur very large differences, this situation occurs because the length of the fiber used is not the same between 3-10 cm. The long fibers in addition to the adhesive mixing process are very difficult and long, also resulting in uneven strength of the boards on each side. The purpose of this study is to modify the design of the TKKS fiber chopping machine cutting unit using a reel type cutting cylinder, making the machine cutting unit, and testing the engine performance. From the results of engine design, the engine capacity is ± 85 kg / hour, the engine size is 110 cm x 36.5 cm x 49 cm, the motor power is 2.5 HP with a rotation of 1450 Rpm. The components of the chopper unit consist of the chopper holder measuring 8 cm x l5 cm x 13 cm, placed 3 pieces of planers which are 8 cm x 5 cm x 0.4 cm, the chopper shaft measuring 40 cm long and Ø 3 cm, the holder of the pin measuring Ø 16 cm with a thickness of 0.6 cm. From the results of engine performance testing, it is found that the capacity of the machine with 5 mm filter diameter is 35 kg / hour, diameter of 10 mm 48 kg / hour, diameter 15 mm 55 kg / hour and diameter of 20 mm is 65 kg / hour. The uniformity of the results in the filter hole 5 mm the average fiber length of 15-25 is 80%, the filter hole 10 mm fiber length an average of 30-40 mm by 82%, the filter hole 15 mm fiber length an average of 40-50 mm by 85%, and the filter hole 20 mm in fiber length an average of 50-60 mm by 80%.
6
Jia, Yu Jing, Guang Zhen Cheng, and Ying Jun Dai. "Impellent Tramcar Machine Hydraulic and Electrical Control System." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.223.
Full textAbstract:
This essay will introduce a impellent tramcar machine, used for mining enterprises’ vertical shaft hoisting transportation system, which is used to put tub into the cage, or pull it from the cage. The mechanical impellent tramcar machine are widely used at present, it rely on the direct-drive motor, there are two types of traction, one is towed by the sprocket and chain anther is towed by the reel and wire, whatever we use which type, both the traction drive components are exposed, the environment dust will lead to poor lubrication, running noise, shock and vibration significantly, poor stability. To overcome the mechanical impellent tramcar machine of these shortcomings, developed the hydraulic impellent tramcar machine, the hydraulic cylinder as the executing agency, the programmable logic controller to achieve electrical control, designed hydraulic systems and PLC control program, analyzed the impellent tramcar machine Structure and working principle, point out that the use of programmable logic controller, programming is easy, flexible, programmable logic controllers cater to the industrial production sites, with great anti-interference ability, hydraulic drive compact, smooth and high reliability.
7
Li, Ling Jun, and Thomas Thurner. "Modeling and Simulation of Servo-Hydraulic Cylinder Systems for Multi Axis Test Control." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.416.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-axial mechanical testing with servo-hydraulic cylinders is used as essential tool within the development and manufacturing process of mechanical components and structures, enabling the experimental validation of the fatigue behavior and related mechanical endurance limits. In this paper we derive the analytical model of servo-hydraulic cylinders feasible for fatigue tests to enable the incorporation of the derived actuator dynamics within multi-axis test control strategies. Our derived cylinder model includes the test cylinder with attached position sensor, and a state-of-the-art servo valve. Based on the obtained cylinder dynamics we propose a simplification to a low order cylinder model, highly desirable for reducing overall system complexity in order to develop ease-of-use controllers of high performance for multi-dimensional test rigs. We compare the simulated output of the derived actuator models with the measured data from a real world test cylinder system. The obtained results show that the obtained system model accurately describes the dynamic properties of a real world test cylinder, and furthermore validates the process of model simplification for efficient control of such cylinders as part of low-bandwidth multi input multi output servo-hydraulic test systems.
8
Morelli, Piero. "On the Buckling Behaviour of Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinders." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.281.
Full textAbstract:
Telescopic cylinders are generally employed as linear actuators, when the desired moving span is several times the length of the closed device, like in cargo trucks lifting applications, for instance. During the active phase of the actuation, hydraulic power is normally used to feed pressu-rized fluid inside the cylinder, thus providing the progressive extension of the cylinder ele-ments and the required operative axial thrust. In this condition, therefore, cylinders must bear external compressive loadings in an increasingly slenderness configuration, which can give rise to buckling failures. In this study, experimental measurements of the limiting axial loadings of telescopic cylind-ers, in full extended conditions, have been performed both in laboratory and during real oper-ations on the field. The strains of the material in the critical sections and the lateral deflec-tions of the tested structures have been recorded as a function of the applied loads. The re-sults of this investigation are presented and discussed, in order to identify the signals of inci-pient buckling and find out the ultimate load carrying capabilities of this kind of components.
9
Buitkamp, Thomas, Michael Günthner, Florian Müller, and Tim Beutler. "A detailed study of a cylinder activation concept by efficiency loss analysis and 1D simulation." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (September 4, 2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00070-1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cylinder deactivation is a well-known measure for reducing fuel consumption, especially when applied to gasoline engines. Mostly, such systems are designed to deactivate half of the number of cylinders of the engine. In this study, a new concept is investigated for deactivating only one out of four cylinders of a commercial vehicle diesel engine (“3/4-cylinder concept”). For this purpose, cylinders 2–4 of the engine are operated in “real” 3-cylinder mode, thus with the firing order and ignition distance of a regular 3-cylinder engine, while the first cylinder is only activated near full load, running in parallel to the fourth cylinder. This concept was integrated into a test engine and evaluated on an engine test bench. As the investigations revealed significant improvements for the low-to-medium load region as well as disadvantages for high load, an extensive numerical analysis was carried out based on the experimental results. This included both 1D simulation runs and a detailed cylinder-specific efficiency loss analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, further steps for optimizing the concept were derived and studied by numerical calculations. As a result, it can be concluded that the 3/4-cylinder concept may provide significant improvements of real-world fuel economy when integrated as a drive unit into a tractor.
10
Moradi, Saed, Denis Laurendeau, and Clement Gosselin. "Multiple Cylinder Extraction from Organized Point Clouds." Sensors 21, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 7630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227630.
Full textAbstract:
Most man-made objects are composed of a few basic geometric primitives (GPs) such as spheres, cylinders, planes, ellipsoids, or cones. Thus, the object recognition problem can be considered as one of geometric primitives extraction. Among the different geometric primitives, cylinders are the most frequently used GPs in real-world scenes. Therefore, cylinder detection and extraction are of great importance in 3D computer vision. Despite the rapid progress of cylinder detection algorithms, there are still two open problems in this area. First, a robust strategy is needed for the initial sample selection component of the cylinder extraction module. Second, detecting multiple cylinders simultaneously has not yet been investigated in depth. In this paper, a robust solution is provided to address these problems. The proposed solution is divided into three sub-modules. The first sub-module is a fast and accurate normal vector estimation algorithm from raw depth images. With the estimation method, a closed-form solution is provided for computing the normal vector at each point. The second sub-module benefits from the maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) feature detector to simultaneously detect cylinders present in the scene. Finally, the detected cylinders are extracted using the proposed cylinder extraction algorithm. Quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithms in each of the following areas: normal estimation, cylinder detection, and cylinder extraction.
11
Kulah, Serkan, Alexandru Forrai, Frank Rentmeester, Tijs Donkers, and Frank Willems. "Robust cylinder pressure estimation in heavy-duty diesel engines." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417713336.
Full textAbstract:
The robustness of a new single-cylinder pressure sensor concept is experimentally demonstrated on a six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine. Using a single-cylinder pressure sensor and a crank angle sensor, this single-cylinder pressure sensor concept estimates the in-cylinder pressure traces in the remaining cylinders by applying a real-time, flexible crankshaft model combined with an adaptation algorithm. The single-cylinder pressure sensor concept is implemented on CPU/field-programmable gate array–based hardware. For steady-state engine operating conditions, the added value of the adaptation algorithm is demonstrated for cases in which a fuel quantity change or start of injection change is applied in a single, non-instrumented cylinder. It is shown that for steady-state and transient engine conditions, the cylinder pressure traces and corresponding combustion parameters, indicated mean effective pressure, peak cylinder pressure, and crank angle at 50% heat release, can be estimated with 1.2 bar, 6.0 bar, and 1.1 CAD inaccuracy, respectively.
12
Богач, В. М. "10.31653/smf39.2019.14-21." Ship power plants 39, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf39.2019.22-29.
Full textAbstract:
The publication is devoted the decision of an actual problem increase efficiency operation of ship diesel engines by perfection processes greasing of cylinders. The analysis a condition of a question on an investigated problem is made and lacks systems greasing of diesel engines RTA are defined. Experimental researches on studying processes greasing of cylinders of ship engines that has allowed to receive representation about an overall performance these systems are spent. Modern methods researches, such as oscillograms and high-speed filming are thus used. By these researches it is defined, that greasing process is accompanied by "pushing out" a part oil in the cylinder, gases extending in the channel that causes a real loss of cylinder oils and occurrence an additional source deposits. Characteristics process greasing, and their interrelation with a design of greasing devices are defined. Influence geometrical parametres of channels system greasing on characteristics process the expiration of oil in the cylinder and finally on efficiency its use in the engine is experimentally confirmed.
13
Nurunnabi, A., Y. Sadahiro, and R. Lindenbergh. "ROBUST CYLINDER FITTING IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL POINT CLOUD DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 30, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-63-2017.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the problems of cylinder fitting in laser scanning three-dimensional Point Cloud Data (PCD). Most existing methods require full cylinder data, do not study the presence of outliers, and are not statistically robust. But especially mobile laser scanning often has incomplete data, as street poles for example are only scanned from the road. Moreover, existence of outliers is common. Outliers may occur as random or systematic errors, and may be scattered and/or clustered. In this paper, we present a statistically robust cylinder fitting algorithm for PCD that combines Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) with robust regression. Robust principal components as obtained by RPCA allow estimating cylinder directions more accurately, and an existing efficient circle fitting algorithm following robust regression principles, properly fit cylinder. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on artificial and real PCD. Results show that the proposed method provides more accurate and robust results: (i) in the presence of noise and high percentage of outliers, (ii) for incomplete as well as complete data, (iii) for small and large number of points, and (iv) for different sizes of radius. On 1000 simulated quarter cylinders of 1m radius with 10% outliers a PCA based method fit cylinders with a radius of on average 3.63 meter (m); the proposed method on the other hand fit cylinders of on average 1.02 m radius. The algorithm has potential in applications such as fitting cylindrical (e.g., light and traffic) poles, diameter at breast height estimation for trees, and building and bridge information modelling.
14
HOVER, F. S., A. H. TECHET, and M. S. TRIANTAFYLLOU. "Forces on oscillating uniform and tapered cylinders in cross flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 363 (May 25, 1998): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098001074.
Full textAbstract:
Forces are measured at both ends of rigid cylinders with span 60 cm, performing transverse oscillations within an oncoming stream of water, at Reynolds number Re≈3800. Forced harmonic motions and free vibrations of uniform and tapered cylinders are studied. To study free motions, a novel force-feedback control system has been developed, consisting of: (a) a force transducer, which measures forces on a section of a cylinder moving forward at constant speed; (b) a computer using the measured force signal to drive in real time a numerical simulation of an equivalent mass-dashpot-spring system; (c) a servomotor and linear table which impose, also in real time, the numerically calculated motion on the cylinder section. The apparatus allows very low equivalent system damping and strict control of the parametric values and structure of the equivalent system.Calculation of the cross-correlation coefficient between forces at the two ends of the uniform cylinder reveals five distinct regimes as a function of the nominal reduced velocity Vrn: two regimes, for low and high values of Vrn, and far away from the value of VrS corresponding to the Strouhal frequency, show small correlation; two regimes immediately adjacent to, but excluding, VrS show strong correlation, close to 1; surprisingly, there is a regime containing the Strouhal frequency, within which correlation is low. Free vibrations with a 40[ratio ]1 tapered cylinder show that the regime of low correlation, containing the Strouhal frequency, stretches to higher reduced velocities, while lock-in starts at lower reduced velocities.When comparing the amplitude and phase of the lift coefficient measured for free and then for forced vibrations, we obtain close agreement, both for tapered and uniform cylinders. When comparing the cross-correlation coefficient, however, we find that it is much higher in the forced oscillations, especially for the uniform cylinder. Hence, although the force magnitude and phase may be replicated well in forced vibrations, the correlation data suggest that differences exist between free and forced vibration cases.
15
Luu, Do Duc, Nguyen Tri Minh, Cao Duc Hanh, and Nguyen Huy Hao. "Regressive models for condition diagnosing marine diesel engine by torsional vibrations on propulsion shaft-line." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 22n24 (August 18, 2020): 2040126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401268.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents results of study in building diagnostic regressive models (RMs) of cylinders in Marine Diesel Engine (MDE) using torsional vibration signal (TVS) on the propulsion shaft-line. For diagnostic purpose, the vectors of diagnostic signs (VDS) were designed and constructed based on the features of the TVS: maxima and minima relatively with [Formula: see text] working cylinders in real-time domain, or amplitudes of [Formula: see text] first harmonics ([Formula: see text] for two-stroke MDE, and [Formula: see text] for four-stroke MDE) in frequency domain. The received RMs are equations showing the relationships between the diagnostic sign [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]) of the TVS and [Formula: see text] factors [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] which specify common states of [Formula: see text] DME’s cylinders. The factor [Formula: see text] here was calculated by using firing coefficient Cfi ([Formula: see text] = 2Cfi-1; Cfi = 0 when [Formula: see text]-cylinder is misfired, and Cfi = 1 when [Formula: see text]-cylinder is normally fired) value of each cylinder. The Fractional Factorial Design of experiments (DoE) [Formula: see text] was used to build the mentioned RMs. The MDE on MV.HR.34000 DWT, with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was observed and analyzed. The calculated linear regressive models were tested based on the [Formula: see text]-distribution standard.
16
Procházka, Radek, Aleš Dittrich, Robert Voženílek, and Stanislav Beroun. "New Ways to Measure Mechanical Losses by Motoring an ICE with Increased Cylinder Pressure." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042155.
Full textAbstract:
The article shows the results of measuring the mechanical losses of a piston engine in two new ways and explains the necessary engine modification for these measurements. At the same time, it compares the results of measuring mechanical losses in the internal combustion engine (ICE) in the current (hitherto exploited) way and in new ways. The first method is not replacing the cylinder charge and regulating the cylinder pressure by feeding compressed air through self-acting valves into the cylinders of the motoring engine. The second method is a closed working cycle by means of an exhaust–intake connection, in which the load pressure in the cylinder is adjusted and maintained by a controlled-intake air supply. With the current method of measuring mechanical losses of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) by motoring, there are less than half the pressures in the cylinder compared to the pressures during real engine operation (i.e., in the combustion mode). Lower pressures in the cylinder reduce the force load on the piston group and the crank mechanism, and the detected mechanical losses in the engine are thus significantly reduced compared to the reality. In the laboratories of the propulsion units of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University in Liberec, research is underway on a new method of measuring mechanical losses of a reciprocating internal combustion engine by motoring with charge pressure profiles in engine cylinders comparable to cylinder pressures during standard engine operation. The paper shows the results of measuring the mechanical losses of a piston engine in two new ways and explains the necessary adjustment of the engine for these measurements. At the same time, it compares the results of measuring mechanical losses in a reciprocating engine in the current (hitherto used) way and new ways. The first method is not changing the cylinder charge and regulating the pressure in the cylinder by inserting compressed air through automatic valves into the cylinders of the motoring engine. The second method is a closed working circuit involving connecting the exhaust to the intake, in which the charge pressure in the cylinder is set and maintained by a controlled supply of compressed air to the intake manifold. The first method proved to be a more suitable way to investigate mechanical losses in ICE and determine the dependence of these losses on the pressure conditions in the engine cylinder.
17
Gao, Chun Fu, Xi Lin Zhu, and Q. Y. Hu. "Analysis of Wavelet Algorithm of Redundancy Denoising for Hydraulic System Signal." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.341.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the theory of Wavelet decomposing algorithm, in this paper an algorithm of redundancy real-time denoising is presented, and the test of on-line identification mode of a hydraulic cylinder’s work load pressure signals was fulfilled. This method can improve the stability of the signal collection and the control accuracy of hydraulic cylinder pressure effectively, solve the crawling phenomenon of hydraulic cylinder when working, and reduce the signal collection error resulted from the load mutation. By means of controlling the wavelet decomposing depth, the calculation amount of real-time denoising is controled, thus the optimization of the signal, damping vibration and denoising are achieved.
18
Gu, Li Zhi, Jiao Tao Wang, Wei Wen Du, Yan Hua Huang, and Li Zhi Gu. "The Theoretical Analysis of Cylinder Screening Machine Based on the Method of Mogensen Screening and the Design of Intelligent PLC Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 551 (May 2014): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.551.487.
Full textAbstract:
The process of the single particle through screening is researched theoretically with Mogensen screening principle. The screened particles are divided into "particle easy to screen" and "particle difficult to screen" according to the relative size and shape. Systematically analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of cylinder screening machine—the characteristics of materials’ dimension, shape features, the movement of sieve, and sieve surface obliquity, in order to realize the nuts and kinds of nuts to be graded effectively according to the size and shape. PLC intelligent control is adopted into cylinder screening machine, through the real-time detection of the speed of the cylinder at all levels and the chain transfer between the cylinders, to logically estimate the possible faults in the screening process, improving the degree of automation and reliability and safety of the equipment operation.
19
Dicken, C. J. B., and W. Mérida. "Temperature Distribution within a Compressed Gas Cylinder during Fast Filling." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.281.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, pressurized gas is the leading technology for vehicular on-board hydrogen storage. During refueling, the hydrogen is expanded from the high-pressure fueling station cylinders, into the “empty” vehicle cylinder. The mass of the gas inside a cylinder can be calculated from the knowledge of the pressure and average gas temperature. However, during the fill process, the compression of the gas inside the cylinder leads to a rapid increase in temperature, this phenomenon along with the continuous introduction of cooler gas creates an evolving spatial distribution of gas temperature within the cylinder. In order to determine a correlation between the massaveraged gas temperature and local measurement of gas temperature, this study presents a CFD model of the filling of a hydrogen compressed gas cylinder. The model developed in this study is 2D and axi-symmetric, and solves the governing equations for compressible, unsteady, viscous turbulent flow. The model incorporates real gas effects, convective heat transfer from the gas to the cylinder walls and conduction through the cylinder walls to ambient. The results of the model show a large spatial variation of gas temperature within the cylinder during filling. The modeling results also help to identify the optimum location for the onboard gas temperature sensor such that the local measurement best represents the mass-averaged temperature of the gas within the cylinder. Hence allowing for the calculation of the mass of gas within the cylinder without using an expensive flow meter.
20
Qian, Chong, Rong Rong Wang, and Wei Wang. "The Temperature-Online-Measuring and Energy-Saving System for Drying Cylinder Based on Network Communication." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.517.
Full textAbstract:
During the process of drying fabrics by drying cylinder dryer, the over-drying of fabrics leads to a waste of energy. A temperature-online-measuring and energy-saving system for drying cylinder dryer based on network communication was designed in the study. The temperature-measuring and steam-controlling part of the system set in the cylinder dryer communicates with the remote monitoring part using the W5100 network chip through Ethernet which helps to achieve a high-speed and long-distance communication between the two parts. The remote monitoring part of the system is based on Delphi. The real-time temperature of fabrics in each drying cylinder can be displayed on the screen of the remote computer, and the steam supply of drying cylinders can be manually or automatically adjusted according to the mutations of temperature of fabrics by system administrators or the remote computer. The application of this system helps to avoid the The evaporation of water due to over-drying by 5.3%-6.6% and result in a reduction of the waste of energy by about 10%.
21
Lee, B., Y. G. Guezennec, and G. Rizzoni. "Estimation of cycle-resolved in-cylinder pressure and air-fuel ratio using spark plug ionization current sensing." International Journal of Engine Research 2, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1468087011545479.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, several new sensor technologies have been developed and implemented within automotive industries due to the increasing requirements for improved engine performance and emission reduction. It requires detailed and specified knowledge of the combustion process inside the engine cylinder along with a sophisticated technique in engine diagnostics and control. During the last few years, the ionization current signal detection has been the emerging technology in the new sensor developments, in which the spark plug is used as a combustion probe, to improve the performance and emissions of an automobile engine. In this paper, a novel methodology will be presented which allows the cycle-resolved as well as the mean-value estimation of the air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure based on the ionization current signal measurements. The implementation details of this methodology as well as extensive results will be presented for a wide range of air-fuel ratios. The main advantage of this new approach to process the ionization signal is its strong potential for real-time estimation of the air-fuel ratio and combustion diagnostics of individual cylinders and engine cycles. All the complex physics during the actual events (combustion process, ion generation, engine dynamics, etc.) are automatically self-extracted by this technique from acquired data in an initial off-line mapping phase. Once this has been performed, the air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure can easily be estimated for each individual cylinder and combustion event in real-time with few computational requirements. Hence, this methodology has a high potential for the real-time combustion diagnostics and engine control based on the air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure, while eliminating the requirements for installing expensive air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure sensors. The results indicate that estimation of the cycle-resolved air-fuel ratio and in-cylinder pressure is reasonably accurate and robust, despite the inherently noisy character of the ionization signals, with estimation errors typically in the order of 2 per cent or less, except for very fuel-rich conditions.
22
LI, YILE, and CHIANG C. MEI. "Bragg scattering by a line array of small cylinders in a waveguide. Part 1. Linear aspects." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 583 (July 4, 2007): 161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007006131.
Full textAbstract:
Motivated by potential applications for offshore airports supported on vertical piles, we report a theory of wave diffraction by a periodic array of circular cylinders. The simple case of normal incidence on a rectangular array is studied here, which is equivalent to a line array along the centre of a long channel. An asymptotic theory is developed for cylinders much smaller than the incident wavelength, which is comparable to the cylinder spacing. Focus is on Bragg resonance near which scattering is strong. A combination of the method of multiple scales and the Bloch theorem leads to simple evolution equations coupling the wave envelopes. Dispersion of transient wave envelopes is investigated. Scattering of detuned waves by a large but finite number of cylinders is investigated for frequencies in and outside the band gap. Quantitative accuracy is assessed by comparisons with numerical computations via finite elements. The analytical theory prepares the ground for nonlinear studies and may facilitate future inclusion of real-fluid effects such as vortex shedding.
23
Blatnický, Miroslav, and Ján Dižo. "Design of a prototype of an engine mechanism with rotating cylinders." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801004.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, authors focus on the design and construction of a real prototype of an engine mechanism with rotating cylinders and its using mainly in piston combustion engines. It is assumed, that the normal force of a piston will be completely eliminated, because the swing angle of a connecting rod will equal to zero during the whole working cycle, since the connecting arm of the piston moves just the cylinder axis. It will by allowed by the conceptual design of the mechanism presented in this article. As rotating blocks of cylinders concurrently act as a flywheel, it is proposed, that in this way there is possible to save the mass of additional flywheels. Moreover, liquid cooling system is not necessary, because the rotating cylinders sufficiently transfer heat to ambient air. In addition, the output of torque will be reached without necessity of gear transmission, which results to decreasing of needs of mechanism lubrication. Other advance of the designed mechanism are two outputs. The first output is low-speed and it goes out from rotating cylinders, i. e. from the slider-crank mechanism with revolutions n1. The other output is high-speed, from the crankshaft with revolutions n2. Because of more favourable properties of the mechanism, authors have decided to create a real device to confirm all mentioned advantages of the mechanism by the suitable way.
24
Rao, Anirudh, Justin S. Leontini, Mark C. Thompson, and Kerry Hourigan. "Three-dimensionality of elliptical cylinder wakes at low angles of incidence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 825 (July 20, 2017): 245–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.366.
Full textAbstract:
The wake of an elliptical cylinder at low incident angles is investigated for different aspect ratio ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=\text{major:minor axis ratio}$) cylinders using stability analysis and direct simulations. In particular, two- and three-dimensional transitions are mapped for cylinders of aspect ratios between 1 and 4 using Floquet stability analysis. The transition scenario for near-unity aspect ratio cylinders resembles that for a circular cylinder wake as Reynolds number is increased to $Re\lesssim 400$; first, with the transition from steady two-dimensional flow to unsteady two-dimensional flow, followed by the onset of three-dimensional flow via a long-wavelength instability (mode A), then, a short-wavelength instability (mode B) and, finally, an intermediary wavelength instability which is quasi-periodic in nature (mode QP). The effect of the incident angle on this transition scenario for the low-aspect-ratio cylinders is minimal. As the aspect ratio is increased towards 2, two synchronous modes, modes $\widehat{\text{A}}$ and $\widehat{\text{B}}$, become unstable; these modes have spatio-temporal symmetries similar to their circular cylinder wake counterparts, modes A and mode B, respectively. While mode $\widehat{\text{A}}$ persists for all incident angles investigated here, mode $\widehat{\text{B}}$ is found only to be unstable for incident angles up to $10^{\circ }$. Surprisingly, for $1.8\lesssim \unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\lesssim 2.9$, the mode A instability observed at zero incident angle emerges as a quasi-periodic mode as the incident angle is increased even slightly. At higher incident angles, this quasi-periodic mode once again transforms to a real mode on increasing the Reynolds number. The parameter space maps for the various aspect ratios are presented in the Reynolds number–incident angle plane, and the three-dimensional modes are discussed in terms of similarities to and differences from existing modes. A key aim of the work is to map the different modes and various transition sequences as a simple body geometry is systematically changed and as the flow symmetry is systematically broken; thus, insight is provided on the overall path towards fully turbulent flow.
25
DOWNAROWICZ, T., and Y. LACROIX. "The law of series." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 31, no. 2 (April 22, 2010): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385709001217.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe consider an ergodic process on finitely many states, with positive entropy. Our main result asserts that the distribution function of the normalized waiting time for the first visit to a small (i.e., over a long block) cylinder set B is, for majority of such cylinders and up to epsilon, dominated by the exponential distribution function 1−e−t. That is, the occurrences of B along the time axis can appear either with gap sizes of nearly the exponential distribution (as in an independent and identically distributed process), or they attract each other and create ‘series’. We recall that in [T. Downarowicz, Y. Lacroix and D. Leandri. Spontaneous clustering in theoretical and some empirical stochastic processes. ESAIM Probab. Stat. to appear] it is proved that in a typical (in the sense of category) ergodic process (of any entropy), all cylinders B of selected lengths (such lengths have upper density 1 in ℕ) reveal strong attracting. Combining this with the result of this paper, we obtain, globally in ergodic processes of positive entropy and for long cylinder sets, the prevalence of attracting and deficiency of repelling. This phenomenon resembles what in real life is known as the law of series; the common-sense observation that a rare event, having occurred, has a mysterious tendency to untimely repetitions.
26
Takikawa, Kyouhei, Ryoken Miyazaki, Takahiro Kanno, Gen Endo, and Kenji Kawashima. "Pneumatically Driven Multi-DOF Surgical Forceps Manipulator with a Bending Joint Mechanism Using Elastic Bodies." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 4 (August 19, 2016): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0559.
Full textAbstract:
[abstFig src='/00280004/13.jpg' width='300' text='Proposed pneumatically driven multi-DOF surgical forceps manipulator' ] In this study, a pneumatically-driven forceps manipulator was developed for a master-slave-type surgical robot. The proposed manipulator had two flexible joints, one for the bending joint at the tip and the other for transmitting a bending force from the actuators to the wires of the forceps. The manipulator had two degree-of-freedoms (DOFs) of bending driven by only two pneumatic cylinders and a gripper driven by a cylinder. Given the interoperability in real surgery, a mechanism was proposed such that the clean forceps part could be easily attached to and detached from the filthy drive unit. An experiment of the master-slave-system was conducted with the proposed manipulator to verify the tracking performance of the cylinders’ position and the bending angle of the forceps manipulator.
27
Sparnaay, M. J. "The interaction between two cylinder shaped colloidal particles." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 78, no. 9 (September 2, 2010): 680–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19590780908.
Full text
28
Xiao, Hua, Xiao Lan Chen, Shao Na Zhou, and Jian Jun Qi. "Research on Measuring Gas Refractive Index with Microcomputer in Real-Time Based on Michelson Interference Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.233.
Full textAbstract:
When putting a gas cylinder on the light path of a Michelson interferometer, the changes of the cylinder's gas pressure will make a difference to the optical path of the two beams of light, which finally changes the number of the interference fringes. Based on the principles above, a new method was forward a to measure gas's refractive index in this research. First, use a linear CCD (Charge Coupled Device) as photoelectric sensor to capture light signal, then, turn the electrical signal from photoelectric sensor into digital signal, which would later be transferred to microcomputer through USB interface. Finally, figure out the gas's refractive index in real-time using microcomputer.
29
Hernández-Moreno, H., Francis Collombet, Bernard Douchin, Peter Davies, and Jorge Luis González. "Development of Instrumented Composite Cylinders." Materials Science Forum 560 (November 2007): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.560.59.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes a technique to fabricate instrumented composite cylinders made by the filament winding process and based on the insertion of Bragg grating sensors contained in an optical fiber, so that real time monitoring of the temperature and strain response can be made. The main advantage of this method is that, for the first time, the strain response of the wound layers as a function of time and temperature can be monitored during fabrication without alteration of the composite structure, since the sensor is a filament itself. The sensor data reveals the existence of several phenomena related to the manufacturing process and material response. The results show that during the curing stage of the fabrication of the composite cylinders there is a dimensional contraction without change in temperature which indicates that a material transformation occurs, and also that at the last stage there is a residual compressive strain which may affect the in-service behavior of the composite cylinder.
30
Zeng, Ji Guo, Jing Yu Liu, and Qiang Yu. "Design and Development of 6DOF Hydraulic Motion Platform for Vehicle Driving Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.315.
Full textAbstract:
The high-level driving simulators generally involve motion platform. This paper describes the design and development of a 6DOF hydraulic motion platform for vehicle driving simulator. Firstly, the structure and kinematic model of the platform are introduced. Then, the speed characteristics of the hydraulic cylinders by using different positive and negative voltage are studied. Because the cylinder startup time and hydraulic pump pressure will both affect the platform's final position, so a real-time platform control method according the sensor feedback is described. Finally, commonly used control functions of the platform are listed. The simulator and the motion platform run well by using this control method.
31
Wang, Min Gang, Yu Ting Liu, Wei Li, and Yao Yang. "Control Design for Two Cylinders Loading System of Bellows." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1539.
Full textAbstract:
Bellows is a thin-walled metal cylindrical with folds, as a pipeline connection and compensation device, it has the feature such as reliable and compact. Now Bellows is widely used in the produce of aerospace engines and the relative industries. In order to solve the load life test problem of bellows, the squeezing and twisting process after the long time loading is simulated by swinging and pressing it rapidly in a short time. Adopting NI Real-Time Hypervisor，a real-time monitor and test system is built by Windows operation system. According to the real twist data of bellows,the dynamic equation of swing platform for two cylinder is constructed, by the real-time and a high precsion control of the motion of two cylinders, the bellows which is full of liquid has been squeezed and twisted with a high frequency, and loading test of the mechanical properties, strength and lifetime for bellows is achieved in an automatic way.
32
Moskwa, John J., Wenbo Wang, and Duane J. Bucheger. "A New Methodology for Use in Engine Diagnostics and Control, Utilizing “Synthetic” Engine Variables: Theoretical and Experimental Results." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1387019.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes new methodologies and algorithms for use in engine diagnostics that simplify and improve combustion quality monitoring and closed-loop engine control in order to meet stringent emission standards. The “synthetic” variables these algorithms produce can be used to indicate the work produced by each cylinder combustion event at all engine speeds, and can be effectively used for on-board combustion quality measurements, engine diagnostics, and closed-loop control. The algorithms are very simple in form, run in real time, and the methodologies can be applied to compression ignition or spark ignition, 2-stroke or 4-stroke gasoline or diesel engines. Both simulation and experimental results are given for a two-stroke, two-cylinder in-line engine. The rotational dynamics and firing sequence of this configuration of engine is very similar to a four-stroke, four cylinder in-line engine, and nearly identical results will be seen with these two designs. Even more dramatic improvements can be seen with engines of fewer cylinders because of greater variations in their inertial forces. The algorithms can be successfully applied to many other engine configurations as well. Therefore, benefits can be derived from the application of these algorithms and their “synthetic” variables to control strategies for almost all modern small and medium size automotive and marine engines, as well as utility engines used for lawn care, snow removal, and other similar applications.
33
Marty, Antoine, Franck Schoefs, Thomas Soulard, Christian Berhault, Jean-Valery Facq, Benoît Gaurier, and Gregory Germain. "Effect of Roughness of Mussels on Cylinder Forces from a Realistic Shape Modelling." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060598.
Full textAbstract:
After a few weeks, underwater components of offshore structures are colonized by marine species and after few years this marine growth can be significant. It has been shown that it affects the hydrodynamic loading of cylinder components such as legs and braces for jackets, risers and mooring lines for floating units. Over a decade, the development of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines highlighted specific effects due to the smaller size of their components. The effect of the roughness of hard marine growth on cylinders with smaller diameter increased and the shape should be representative of a real pattern. This paper first describes the two realistic shapes of a mature colonization by mussels and then presents the tests of these roughnesses in a hydrodynamic tank where three conditions are analyzed: current, wave and current with wave. Results are compared to the literature with a similar roughness and other shapes. The results highlight the fact that, for these realistic roughnesses, the behavior of the rough cylinders is mainly governed by the flow and not by their motions.
34
Vollberg, Dennis, Dennis Wachter, Thomas Kuberczyk, and Günter Schultes. "Cylinder pressure sensors for smart combustion control." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-75-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Different sensor concepts for time-resolved cylinder pressure monitoring of combustion engines are realized and evaluated in this paper. We distinguish a non-intrusive form of measurement outside the cylinder, performed by means of a force compression rod from intrusive, real in-cylinder measurement by means of pressure membrane sensors being exposed to the hot combustion process. The force compression rod has the shape of a sine wave with thinner zones equipped with highly sensitive foil strain gauges that experience a relatively moderate temperature level of 120 ∘C. The sensor rod delivers a relative pressure value that may be influenced by neighbour cylinders due to mechanical coupling. For the intrusive sensor type, two different materials for the membrane-type sensor element were simulated and tested, one based on the ceramic zirconia and the other based on stainless steel. Due to the higher thermal conductivity of steel, the element experiences only 200 ∘C while the zirconia element reaches 300 ∘C. Metallic chromium thin films with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor of 15) and high-temperature capability were deposited on the membranes and subsequently structured to a Wheatstone bridge. The pressure evolution can be measured with both types in full detail, comparable to the signals of test bench cylinder pressure sensors. For the preferential steel-based sensor type, a reliable laser-welded electrical connection between the thin films on the membrane and a copper wire was developed. The in-cylinder pressure sensors were tested both on a diesel test bench and on a gas-fired engine. On the latter, an endurance test with 20 million cycles was passed. Reliable cylinder pressure sensors with a minimum of internal components are thus provided. The signals will be processed inside the sensor housing to provide analysis and aggregated data, i.e. mass fraction burned (MFB50) and other parameters as an output to allow for smart combustion control.
35
Savva, Nicholas S., and Dimitrios T. Hountalas. "Evaluation of a Semiempirical, Zero-Dimensional, Multizone Model to Predict Nitric Oxide Emissions in DI Diesel Engines’ Combustion Chamber." Journal of Combustion 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6202438.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, a semiempirical, zero-dimensional multizone model, developed by the authors, is implemented on two automotive diesel engines, a heavy-duty truck engine and a light-duty passenger car engine with pilot fuel injection, for various operating conditions including variation of power/speed, EGR rate, fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure, and boost pressure, to verify its capability for Nitric Oxide (NO) emission prediction. The model utilizes cylinder’s basic geometry and engine operating data and measured cylinder pressure to estimate the apparent combustion rate which is then discretized into burning zones according to the calculation step used. The requisite unburnt charge for the combustion in the zones is calculated using the zone equivalence ratio provided from a new empirical formula involving parameters derived from the processing of the measured cylinder pressure and typical engine operating parameters. For the calculation of NO formation, the extended Zeldovich mechanism is used. From this approach, the model is able to provide the evolution of NO formation inside each burned zone and, cumulatively, the cylinder’s NO formation history. As proven from the investigation conducted herein, the proposed model adequately predicts NO emissions and NO trends when the engine settings vary, with low computational cost. These encourage its use for engine control optimization regarding NOxabatement and real-time/model-based NOxcontrol applications.
36
Marchesse, Y., and C. Changenet. "Forced convective heat transfer over a non-circular slender cylinder." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1182.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation of heat transfer between a flow and a horizontal non-circular slender cylinder is presented in this article. Both experimental and numerical approaches are considered here. When using identical cylinders and free-stream velocities, a comparison between experimental data and numerical estimation emphasizes the shear stress transport k–ω turbulent model associated with fine mesh near wall to be appropriate for estimating an average value of heat transfer coefficient in the present configuration. From a numerical parametric investigation, which is based on the latter approach, two formulations of heat transfer are to be considered as thickness does not have a real influence in heat transfer for low Reynolds numbers, whereas for higher values, both thickness and width participate in heat transfer.
37
Guerra, Edmundo, Rodrigo Munguía, Yolanda Bolea, and Antoni Grau. "Detection and Positioning of Pipes and Columns with Autonomous Multicopter Drones." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2758021.
Full textAbstract:
A multimodal sensory array to accurately position aerial multicopter drones with respect to pipes has been studied, and a solution exploiting both LiDAR and vision sensors has been proposed. Several challenges, including detection of pipes and other cylindrical elements in sensor space and validation of the elements detected, have been studied. A probabilistic parametric method has been applied to segment and position cylinders with LIDAR, while several vision-based techniques have been tested to find the contours of the pipe, combined with conic estimation cylinder pose recovery. Multiple solutions have been studied and analyzed, evaluating their results. This allowed proposing an approach that combines both LiDAR and vision to produce robust and accurate pipe detection. This combined solution is validated with real experimental data.
38
Tucki, Karol, Anna Bączyk, Remigiusz Mruk, Izabela Wielewska, and Piotr Radziszewski. "The simulation model of the grapple loader operation." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925205021.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of the study was to develop a simulation model for the operation of the T-214 CYKLOP grapple loader using the MATLAB package. The created model allowed assessment of the behaviour of the real object in the operating conditions under variable loads and in the system overload. The simulation of the boom operation was carried out in four combinations: (1) at power take-off speed = 1000 rpm without load and (2) at 1000 kg load, (4) at power take-off speed = 540 rpm without load and (4) at 1000 kg load. The results show that the system works properly. The correct functioning of the system is evidenced by the fact that changes in force and acceleration occur on both pistons when only one of the cylinders is operating (the cylinder at rest acts as a shock absorber for the forces resulting from the inertia of the arms and the load). Apart from the increased forces on the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders, the additional load resulted in a slight reduction in acceleration values and an increase in the time needed to change the arm tilt angles.
39
Zhao, Changfu, Hongchang Ding, Guohua Cao, and Han Hou. "Research on automatic detection technology for the compensation hole shape and position parameters of a brake master cylinder." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 7 (July 2021): 168781402110346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211034616.
Full textAbstract:
Machine vision is a key technology to achieve high detection accuracy for the compensation hole parameters of automobile brake master cylinders, which influence automobile safety and parking reliability. As an important part of the automobile brake master cylinder, the compensation hole can play an important role in regulating the brake fluid in the reservoir tank and brake chamber, and its dimensional accuracy and processing quality are strictly controlled. Therefore, determining how to accurately obtain images of the compensation hole is a primary problem in the detection of compensation hole parameters. In this paper, fully automatic equipment for compensation hole detection in automobile brake master cylinders is designed using an image processing algorithm to realize the automatic positioning of the compensation hole and automatic detection of size parameters. Experiments show that the automatic positioning and detection time for the compensation hole is less than 8 s, the detection accuracy of the compensation hole size is higher than ±0.021 mm, and the position detection accuracy for the compensation hole is higher than ±0.045 mm. The compensation hole detection technology proposed in this paper provides high real-time performance and good robustness while meeting accuracy requirements and detection speed.
40
Kayanne, Hajime, Hiroshi Hata, Ken Nozaki, Ken Kato, Akira Negishi, Hiroshi Saito, Hiroya Yamano, et al. "Submergible System to Measure Seawater pCO2 on a Shallow Sea Floor." Marine Technology Society Journal 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533202787914241.
Full textAbstract:
A submersible pCO2 measurement system with a membrane tube equilibrator and a nondispersive infrared gas analyzer was developed. The system was designed to measure the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater and the atmosphere, and physical parameters related to CO2 changes, including light intensity, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH. A CPU controls the operation and logs the data. The analyzer and CPU are contained in a titanium cylinder. The power consumption is 15 W, which is supplied by 1419 dry alkaline manganese dioxide battery cells contained in three PVC cylinders. We tested the system on a barrier reef flat in the Palau Islands, and monitored pCO2 and physical parameters from November 1999 to December 2000. The system worked for 50 hours a week, and we changed the battery unit every 4 months. The accuracy of pCO2 measurement was ±5 μatm and the response time was 3 minutes. The results showed diurnal changes in the pCO2 in reef water on a coral reef flat, which corresponded to daytime photosynthesis and nighttime respiration.
41
Kang, Hao, and Min Zhou. "Research on the Relationship between Engine Drag Torque and Cylinder Compression Pressure Based on Regression Analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2025, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2025/1/012083.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper first proposes that cylinder tightness is an important factor affecting engine performance, which can directly reflect engine technical conditions. Cylinder tightness directly affects cylinder compression pressure, and cylinder compression pressure directly affects engine drag torque. Then, based on the test of real engine, the formula of the relation between the drag torque and the compression pressure is obtained by using the method of linear regression analysis, which provides a real and effective new method and means for inspecting the cylinder sealing. Data is obtained by preliminary analysis was carried out on the data of the basic characteristics, contact, and then use regression model to establish correlation between variables, with the method of mathematical model to describe the relation between resistance torque and compression pressure, through the relationship to provide scientific and effective in sealing cylinder detection method, make forecasting data more real and effective, More guidance for cylinder maintenance and state detection.
42
Noack, Bernd R., Witold Stankiewicz, Marek Morzyński, and Peter J. Schmid. "Recursive dynamic mode decomposition of transient and post-transient wake flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 809 (November 21, 2016): 843–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.678.
Full textAbstract:
A novel data-driven modal decomposition of fluid flow is proposed, comprising key features of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The first mode is the normalized real or imaginary part of the DMD mode that minimizes the time-averaged residual. The $N$th mode is defined recursively in an analogous manner based on the residual of an expansion using the first $N-1$ modes. The resulting recursive DMD (RDMD) modes are orthogonal by construction, retain pure frequency content and aim at low residual. Recursive DMD is applied to transient cylinder wake data and is benchmarked against POD and optimized DMD (Chen et al., J. Nonlinear Sci., vol. 22, 2012, pp. 887–915) for the same snapshot sequence. Unlike POD modes, RDMD structures are shown to have purer frequency content while retaining a residual of comparable order to POD. In contrast to DMD, with exponentially growing or decaying oscillatory amplitudes, RDMD clearly identifies initial, maximum and final fluctuation levels. Intriguingly, RDMD outperforms both POD and DMD in the limit-cycle resolution from the same snapshots. Robustness of these observations is demonstrated for other parameters of the cylinder wake and for a more complex wake behind three rotating cylinders. Recursive DMD is proposed as an attractive alternative to POD and DMD for empirical Galerkin models, in particular for nonlinear transient dynamics.
43
Comlekci, T., D. Mackenzie, R. Hamilton, and J. Wood. "Elastic stress concentration at radial crossholes in pressurized thick cylinders." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 42, no. 6 (August 1, 2007): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa251.
Full textAbstract:
Results of a parametric finite element analysis investigation of stress concentration at radial crossholes in pressurized cylinders are presented in numerical and graphical form. The analysis shows that the location of maximum stress does not generally occur at the junction between the bores, as is commonly supposed, but at some small distance up the crosshole from the junction. Maximum stress concentration factors (SCFs) are defined on the basis of the maximum principal stress, von Mises equivalent stress, and stress intensity. Three-dimensional plots of the SCF against the cylinder radius ratio b/a and the crosshole-to-main-bore-radius ratio c/a are presented. The SCFs were found to vary across the range of geometries considered with local minima identified within the parameter range in most cases. The results therefore allow designers to select optimum b/a and c/a ratios to minimize stress concentration in real problems.
44
Altosole, Marco, Ugo Campora, Massimo Figari, Michele Laviola, and Michele Martelli. "A Diesel Engine Modelling Approach for Ship Propulsion Real-Time Simulators." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050138.
Full textAbstract:
A turbocharged diesel engine numerical model, suitable for real-time ship manoeuvre simulation, is presented in this paper. While some engine components (mainly the turbocharger, intercooler and manifolds) are modelled by a filling and emptying approach, the cylinder simulation is based on a set of five-dimensional numerical matrices (each matrix is generated by means of a more traditional thermodynamic model based on in-cylinder actual cycle). The new cylinder calculation approach strongly reduces the engine transient computation time, making it possible to transform the simulation model into a real-time executable application. As a case study, the simulation methodology is applied to a high speed four stroke turbocharged marine diesel engine, whose design and off design running data are available from the technical sheet. In order to verify the suitability of the proposed model in real-time simulation applications, a yacht propulsion plant simulator is developed. Numerical results in ship acceleration and deceleration manoeuvres are shown, reducing the simulation running time of 99% in comparison with the corresponding in-cylinder actual cycle engine model.
45
Gil, Amparo, Javier Segura, and Nico M. Temme. "Integral representations for computing real parabolic cylinder functions." Numerische Mathematik 98, no. 1 (April 8, 2004): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00211-004-0517-x.
Full text
46
Berenstein, David, and Alexandra Miller. "Logarithmic enhancements in conformal perturbation theory and their real time interpretation." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 29 (October 20, 2020): 2050184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20501845.
Full textAbstract:
We study various corrections of correlation functions to leading order in conformal perturbation theory, both on the cylinder and on the plane. Many problems on the cylinder are mathematically equivalent to those in the plane if we give the perturbations a position dependent scaling profile. The integrals to be done are then similar to those in the study of correlation functions with one additional insertion at the center of the profile. We will be primarily interested in the divergence structure of these corrections when computed in dimensional regularization. In particular, we show that the logarithmic divergences (enhancements) that show up in the plane under these circumstances can be understood in terms of resonant behavior in time dependent perturbation theory, for a transition between states that is induced by an oscillatory perturbation on the cylinder.
47
Rymaniak, Lukasz, Jacek Pielecha, and Lukasz Brzeziński. "Determining the NOx emission from an auxiliary marine engine based on its operating conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400155.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents considerations regarding determining the NOx emissions from auxiliary compression-ignition marine engines. In order to determine the real impact of a given object on air pollution, it is necessary to first carry out research aimed at determining its emission characteristics. Thus, it is necessary to conduct tests in real operating conditions or to calculate the ecological indicators based on the operating conditions. The paper presents the NOx emissions intensity of an auxiliary Tier III standard marine engine, which is used in the drive system of various heavy, off-road vehicles and water vessels. Due to the structure characteristics of the considered engine group, the presented relations and results refer to only one cylinder. This data was used to calculate the NOx emission of a marine auxiliary engine, which used the operating conditions obtained from dynamometer tests and the engine construction (the number of cylinders). The presented methodology of activities can be used to assess the ecological indicators of ships in actual navigation, including primarily the maneuvers performed in the port. The article is supplemented with theoretical considerations regarding the problem of pollutant emissions from auxiliary marine engines.
48
Zhang, Zhange, Wenbo Ji, Bowen Yang, Junzhou Huo, and Xuanxuan Li. "Dynamic analysis and vibration reduction of mechanical-hydraulic coupled tunnel boring machine (TBM) main drive system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 236, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062211029330.
Full textAbstract:
Tunnel Boring Machine always works in the changeable geologies with multiple drivers, which leads to severe vibration of the TBM main drive system and key component failures. The vibration characteristics of TBM under different working conditions and the vibration reduction analysis have important meanings. First of all, by considering the time-varying random loads of the cutters, the contact force of the gears, the stiffness of the main bearing, and the stiffness of the cylinders, a mechanical-hydraulic coupling nonlinear dynamic model of the TBM main drive system was built according to the assembly relationship and load transmission path of the main drive system. Secondly, the dynamic model of the TBM main drive system is verified by comparing the theoretical vibration with the real vibration of the TBM main drive system. The error of the vibration acceleration is 10% to 30%. Three typical loads are defined under typical working conditions, and the vibrations of the TBM main drive system under three typical loads were analyzed. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the cylinder damping shows that the damping at the position of the propulsion cylinder has a great influence on the vibration of the TBM main drive system. The results show that when the damping coefficient is 2.5 × 106 N·s/m, the maximum reduction of axial acceleration of cutterhead is 0.64 g, and that of the main beam front section is 0.55 g. The variable damping coefficient vibration reduction strategies under three typical loads are verified.
49
Tu, Gongyi, Jianguo Li, Yanling Jiang, and Xiancheng Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis for the High Pressure Rotary Cylinder Block." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012115.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract As a pneumatic actuator, high pressure rotary cylinder has been successfully used in some ships, which can provide large torque output and is small and easy to install. The finite element method is used to calculate the cylinder block of high pressure rotary cylinder, and the stress and deformation of the cylinder block are analyzed by using the real stress-strain curve of metal materials. The distribution of stress and deformation is obtained. Moreover, the influence of 1 ~ 7MPa gas pressure on stress and deformation of the cylinder block is investigated. The maximum stress and deformation of the cylinder block under different pressure loads are obtained. The analysis results provide a basis for the design and operation of high pressure rotary cylinder.
50
Le Grognec, Philippe, and Anh Le van. "Bifurcations primaires et secondaires d'un cylindre sous compression axiale." Revue Européenne des Éléments Finis 12, no. 1 (January 2003): 7–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/reef.12.7-41.
Full text