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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyclophanes'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Rajakumar, Perumal, and Ramar Padmanabhan. "Synthesis, Anti-Arthritic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of N-Tosyl aza Cyclophanes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 2 (2012): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11435.

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The synthesis of novel N-tosyl tetraaza cyclophanes and N-tosyl diaza cyclophane incorporating m-terphenyl as spacer units is described. Anti-arthritic activity was studied by inhibition of the protein denaturation method (bovine serum albumin). All the N-tosyl aza cyclophanes exhibit excellent anti-arthritic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized cyclophanes was investigated using the human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and some of the N-tosyl aza cyclophanes exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity.

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2

Mageed, Ahmed Hassoon, and Karrar Al-Ameed. "Synthesis, structural studies and computational evaluation of cyclophanes incorporating imidazole-2-selones." RSC Advances 13, no. 25 (2023): 17282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02913a.

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Cyclophanes incorporating o-xylylene or mesitylene-m-cyclophane linked-selone groups are mutually syn in both solid state and solution. While, m-xylylene or p-xylylene cyclophanes linked-selone groups show syn and anti conformations in the solution.

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3

Rühe, Jessica, David Bialas, Peter Spenst, Ana-Maria Krause, and Frank Würthner. "Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes: Structure–Property Relationships upon Variation of the Cavity Size." Organic Materials 02, no. 02 (April 2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709998.

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Five cyclophanes composed of two perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes and various CH2–arylene–CH2 linker units were synthesized. PM6-D3H4 geometry-optimized structures and a single crystal for one of these cyclophanes reveal well-defined distances between the two coplanar PBI units in these cyclophanes, spanning the range from 5.0 to 12.5 Å. UV/vis absorption spectra reveal a redistribution of oscillator strength of the vibronic bands due to a H-type exciton coupling even for the cyclophane with the largest interchromophoric distance. A quantitative evaluation according to the Kasha–Spano theory affords exciton coupling strengths ranging from 64 cm−1 for the largest cyclophane up to 333 cm−1 for the smallest one and a surprisingly good fit to the cubic interchromophoric distance in the framework of the point-dipole approximation. Interchromophoric interaction is also noticed in fluorescence lifetimes that are significantly increased for all five cyclophanes as expected for H-coupled chromophores due to a decrease of the radiative rate. For the three largest cyclophanes with interchromophoric distances of >9 Å, fluorescence quantum yields remain high in chloroform (>88%), whilst for the smaller ones with interchromophoric distances <6 Å, additional nonradiative pathways lead to a pronounced fluorescence quenching.

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4

Zhang, Xing-Xing, Jian Li, and Yun-Yin Niu. "A Review of Crystalline Multibridged Cyclophane Cages: Synthesis, Their Conformational Behavior, and Properties." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207083.

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This paper reviews the most stable conformation of crystalline three-dimensional cyclophane (CP) achieved by self-assembling based on changing the type of aromatic compound or regulating the type and number of bridging groups. [3n]cyclophanes (CPs) were reported to form supramolecular compounds with bind organic, inorganic anions, or neutral molecules selectively. [3n]cyclophanes ([3n]CPs) have stronger donor capability relative to compound [2n]cyclophanes ([2n]CPs), and it is expected to be a new type of electron donor for the progress of fresh electron conductive materials. The synthesis, conformational behavior, and properties of crystalline multi-bridge rings are summarized and discussed.

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5

Kotha, Sambasivarao, Mukesh Eknath Shirbhate, and Gopalkrushna T. Waghule. "Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (July 29, 2015): 1274–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.142.

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In this review we cover various approaches to meta- and paracyclophanes involving popular reactions. Generally, we have included a strategy where the reaction was used for assembling the cyclophane skeleton for further functionalization. In several instances, after the cyclophane is made several popular reactions are used and these are not covered here. We included various natural products related to cyclophanes. To keep the length of the review at a manageable level the literature related to orthocyclophanes was not included.

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6

Jabłoński, Mirosław. "Determining Repulsion in Cyclophane Cages." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 3969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27133969.

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Superphane, i.e., [2.2.2.2.2.2](1,2,3,4,5,6)cyclophane, is a very convenient molecule in studying the nature of guest⋯host interactions in endohedral complexes. Nevertheless, the presence of as many as six ethylene bridges in the superphane molecule makes it practically impossible for the trapped entity to escape out of the superphane cage. Thus, in this article, I have implemented the idea of using the superphane derivatives with a reduced number of ethylene linkers, which leads to the [2n] cyclophanes where n<6. Seven such cyclophanes are then allowed to form endohedral complexes with noble gas (Ng) atoms (He, Ne, Ar, Kr). It is shown that in the vast majority of cases, the initially trapped Ng atom spontaneously escapes from the cyclophane cage, creating an exohedral complex. This is the best proof that the Ng⋯cyclophane interaction in endohedral complexes is indeed highly repulsive, i.e., destabilizing. Apart from the ‘sealed’ superphane molecule, endohedral complexes are only formed in the case of the smallest He atom. However, it has been shown that in these cases, the Ng⋯cyclophane interaction inside the cyclophane cage is nonbonding, i.e., repulsive. This highly energetically unfavorable effect causes the cyclophane molecule to ‘swell’.

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7

Vermeij, Rudolf J., David O. Miller, Louise N. Dawe, Ivan Aprahamian, Tuvia Sheradsky, Mordecai Rabinovitz, and Graham J. Bodwell. "Mixed [2.2]Cyclophanes of Pyrene and Benzene." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 12 (2010): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10356.

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An examination of the literature on [2.2]cyclophanes reveals a loose relationship between the relative sizes of the two ‘half-cyclophanes’ (as measured by the parameter Δd) and the limitations of the dominant general synthetic approaches. Direct coupling methods tend to be successful only for systems with Δd values below 1.0 Å, whereas ring-contraction-based approaches are usually viable for systems with Δd values up to 2.0 Å. For the very few known systems with Δd values greater than 2.0 Å, aromatization-based approaches are the only ones that have been successful. The syntheses of two [2.2]cyclophanes with very large Δd values, [2]paracyclo[2](2,7)pyrenophane (17) (Δd = 4.25 Å) and [2]metacyclo[2](2,7)pyrenophane (18) (Δd = 5.04 Å) are presented here. The syntheses hinge on a valence isomerization/dehydrogenation reaction. The crystallographically determined bend angle, θ, for 18 is 96.1°. Cyclophane 18 undergoes a degenerate conformational flip, the energy barrier for which was determined to be 18.9 kcal mol–1 by DNMR.

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8

Salazar-Medina, Alex J., Enrique F. Velazquez-Contreras, Rocio Sugich-Miranda, Hisila Santacruz, Rosa E. Navarro, Fernando Rocha-Alonzo, Maria A. Islas-Osuna, et al. "Immune response of human cultured cells towards macrocyclic Fe2PO and Fe2PC bioactive cyclophane complexes." PeerJ 8 (April 20, 2020): e8956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8956.

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Synthetic molecules that mimic the function of natural enzymes or molecules have untapped potential for use in the next generation of drugs. Cyclic compounds that contain aromatic rings are macrocyclic cyclophanes, and when they coordinate iron ions are of particular interest due to their antioxidant and biomimetic properties. However, little is known about the molecular responses at the cellular level. This study aims to evaluate the changes in immune gene expression in human cells exposed to the cyclophanes Fe2PO and Fe2PC. Confluent human embryonic kidney cells were exposed to either the cyclophane Fe2PO or Fe2PC before extraction of RNA. The expression of a panel of innate and adaptive immune genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Evidence was found for an inflammatory response elicited by the cyclophane exposures. After 8 h of exposure, the cells increased the relative expression of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 1; IRAK, which transduces signals between interleukin 1 receptors and the NFκB pathway; and the LPS pattern recognition receptor CD14. After 24 h of exposure, regulatory genes begin to counter the inflammation, as some genes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and non-inflammatory immune responses come into play. Both Fe2PO and Fe2PC induced similar immunogenetic changes in transcription profiles, but equal molar doses of Fe2PC resulted in more robust responses. These data suggest that further work in whole animal models may provide more insights into the extent of systemic physiological changes induced by these cyclophanes.

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9

Benniston, Andrew C., Philip R. Mackie, Louis J. Farrugia, Simon Parsons, William Clegg, and Simon J. Teat. "Metallo-Based Cyclophanes and [2]Catenanes." Platinum Metals Review 42, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214098x423100105.

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The creation of systems that are capable of performing molecular-scale operations is currently under extensive investigation, particularly in the emerging field of nanotechnology. Towards this end, we have been actively involved in the construction and study of the properties of metallo-based assemblies based on electron-deficient cyclophanes and donor-acceptor [2]catenanes. Metallic moieties, such as [Ru(bipy)2 (L)]6+ and [Os(bipy)2(L)]6+, where bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl and L= tetracationic cyclophane ligand, form an integral part of the molecular structures of these assemblies and in these specific cases create photoactive complexes. The photoinduced electron transfer reactions which occur within these molecules have been extensively studied, especially in relation to the corresponding processes found in natural photosynthetic reaction centres. Here, we present a short review on relevant aspects of this work as well as the potential use of metal-based cyclophanes as binders for aromatics.

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10

Patel, Suraj, Tyson N. Dais, Paul G. Plieger, and Gareth J. Rowlands. "Breaking paracyclophane: the unexpected formation of non-symmetric disubstituted nitro[2.2]metaparacyclophanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (June 29, 2021): 1518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.109.

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Substituted [2.2]metaparacyclophanes are amongst the least studied of the simple cyclophanes. This is undoubtedly the result of the lengthy syntheses of these compounds. We report the simple synthesis of a rare example of a non-symmetric [2.2]metaparacyclophane. Treatment of [2.2]paracyclophane under standard nitration conditions gives a mixture of 4-nitro[2.2]paracyclophane, 4-hydroxy-5-nitro[2.2]metaparacyclophane and a cyclohexadienone cyclophane.

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11

Hopf, H., and M. Zander. "Phosphorescence of Cyclophanes and Cyclophane/Ag+ Complexes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 40, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1985-1011.

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Phosphorescence in ethanol at 77 K of the cyclophanes 1-14 has been investigated. It is shown that the phosphorescence characteristics are strongly determined by transannular interaction between the benzene rings. This interaction does not occur in cyclophanes 9 and 14. Phosphorescence quenching by silver Perchlorate of paracyclophanes and benzene derivatives 15-20 is due to the formation of arene/Ag+ ground state complexes. From the quenching data it is concluded that the complexes of paracyclophanes with Ag+ ions are more stable than the corresponding complexes of the benzene derivatives by approximately two orders of magnitude. Various factors are discussed regarding this marked difference in complex stability.

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12

Padnya, Pavel, Vladimir Gorbachuk, and Ivan Stoikov. "The Role of Calix[n]arenes and Pillar[n]arenes in the Design of Silver Nanoparticles: Self-Assembly and Application." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041425.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an attractive alternative to plasmonic gold nanoparticles. The relative cheapness and redox stability determine the growing interest of researchers in obtaining selective plasmonic and electrochemical (bio)sensors based on silver nanoparticles. The controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles of a defined morphology is a nontrivial task, important for such fields as biochemistry, catalysis, biosensors and microelectronics. Cyclophanes are well known for their great receptor properties and are of particular interest in the creation of metal nanoparticles due to a variety of cyclophane 3D structures and unique redox abilities. Silver ion-based supramolecular assemblies are attractive due to the possibility of reduction by “soft” reducing agents as well as being accessible precursors for silver nanoparticles of predefined morphology, which are promising for implementation in plasmonic sensors. For this purpose, the chemistry of cyclophanes offers a whole arsenal of approaches: exocyclic ion coordination, association, stabilization of the growth centers of metal nanoparticles, as well as in reduction of silver ions. Thus, this review presents the recent advances in the synthesis and stabilization of Ag (0) nanoparticles based on self-assembly of associates with Ag (I) ions with the participation of bulk platforms of cyclophanes (resorcin[4]arenes, (thia)calix[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes).

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13

Collins, Shawn K., and Yassir El-Azizi. "Development of quadrupolar engaging auxiliaries as novel gearing elements for macrocyclization." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678040783.

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The formation of various macrocyclic cyclophanes via ring-closing olefin metathesis is possible through the use of a pendant pentafluorobenzyl ester group. A quadrupolar interaction between the cyclophane core and the auxiliary is proposed to act as a gearing element facilitating cyclization. The development of these noncovalent interactions as gearing elements as well as the investigation of the effect of the site of metathesis upon the macrocyclization process is described.

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14

Hopf, Henning, Swaminathan Vijay Narayanan, and Peter G. Jones. "The preparation of new functionalized [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives with N-containing functional groups." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (April 7, 2015): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.50.

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The two isomeric bis(isocyanates) 4,12- and 4,16-di-isocyanato[2.2]paracyclophane, 16 and 28, have been prepared from their corresponding diacids by simple routes. The two isomers are versatile intermediates for the preparation of various cyclophanes bearing substituents with nitrogen-containing functional groups, e.g., the pseudo-ortho diamine 8, the bis secondary amine 23, and the crownophanes 18 and 19. Several of these new cyclophane derivatives (18, 19, 22, 26, 28) have been characterized by X-ray structural analysis.

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15

Dix, Ina, Lidija Bondarenko, Peter G. Jones, Thomas Oeser, and Henning Hopf. "Building complex carbon skeletons with ethynyl[2.2]paracyclophanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (August 27, 2014): 2013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.209.

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Ethynyl[2.2]paracyclophanes are shown to be useful substrates for the preparation of complex, highly unsaturated carbon frameworks. Thus both the pseudo-geminal- 2 and the pseudo-ortho-diethynylcyclophane 4 can be dimerized by Glaser coupling to the respective dimers 9/10 and 11/12. Whereas the former isomer pair could not be separated so far, the latter provided the pure diastereomers after extensive column chromatography/recrystallization. Isomer 11 is chiral and could be separated on a column impregnated with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamate. The bridge-extended cyclophane precursor 18 furnished the ring-enlarged cyclophanes 19 and 20 on Glaser–Hay coupling. Cross-coupling of 4 and the planar building block 1,2-diethynylbenzene (1) yielded the chiral hetero dimer 22 as the main product. An attempt to prepare the biphenylenophane 27 from the triacetylene 24 by CpCo(CO)2-catalyzed cycloisomerization resulted in the formation of the cyclobutadiene Co-complex 26. Besides by their usual spectroscopic and analytical data, the new cyclophanes 11, 12, 19, 20, 22, and 26 were characterized by X-ray structural analysis.

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16

Balueva, Anna S., Yulia A. Nikolaeva, Elvira I. Musina, Igor A. Litvinov, and Andrey A. Karasik. "First Example of Cage P4N4-Macrocycle Copper Complexes with Intracavity Location of Unusual Cu2I Fragments." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020680.

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In this study, 28-membered macrocyclic 1,5(1,5)-di(1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctana)-2,4,6,8(1,4)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane were synthesized by condensation of pyridinephosphine, paraformaldehyde, and primary diamines (bis(4-aminophenyl)methane or –sulfide. The first representatives of binuclear copper(I) complexes of P,N-containing cyclophanes with two 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane rings incorporated into a macrocyclic core and intracavity location of unusual, developed angle Сu2I moiety were obtained. The structure of one complex was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexation led to a slight distortion of the cyclophane conformations.

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17

Chao, Ito, and François Diederich. "Catalytic cyclophanes VII. Esterase activity of a bisimidazolyl-cyclophane." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 112, no. 6 (1993): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19931120605.

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18

Rajakumar, Perumal, Ramar Padmanabhan, Chandrasekaran Ramprasath, Narayanasamy Mathivanan, Vaidhyanathan Silambarasan, and Devadasan Velmurugan. "Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Study of Some Novel Cyclophanes with Imino Intra-Annular Functionality." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 1 (2013): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12326.

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The synthesis and structural characterisation of novel imino cyclophanes incorporating various spacer units is described. All the imino cyclophanes exhibit comparable antibacterial activity against Gram positive (Bacillus subtillus, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherchia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacterial strains. The imino cyclophanes also exhibit good antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans.

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19

Okada, Yukihiro, Kenji Sugiyama, Masaki Kurahayashi, and Jun Nishimura. "Synthesis of three-bridged cyclophanes via meta- and ortho-cyclophane." Tetrahedron Letters 32, no. 21 (May 1991): 2367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79925-4.

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20

Schlosser, Julika, Julian F. M. Hebborn, Daria V. Berdnikova, and Heiko Ihmels. "Selective Fluorimetric Detection of Pyrimidine Nucleotides in Neutral Aqueous Solution with a Styrylpyridine-Based Cyclophane." Chemistry 5, no. 2 (May 11, 2023): 1220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5020082.

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A styrylpyridine-containing cyclophane with diethylenetriamine linkers is presented as a host system whose association with representative nucleotides was examined with photometric and fluorimetric titrations. The spectrometric titrations revealed the formation of 1:1 complexes with log Kb values in the range of 2.3–3.2 for pyrimidine nucleotides TMP (thymidine monophosphate), TTP (thymidine triphosphate) and CMP (cytidine monophosphate) and 3.8–5.0 for purine nucleotides AMP (adenosine monophosphate), ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and dGMP (deoxyguanosine monophosphate). Notably, in a neutral buffer solution, the fluorimetric response to the complex formation depends on the type of nucleotide. Hence, quenching of the already weak fluorescence was observed with the purine bases, whereas the association of the cyclophane with pyrimidine bases TMP, TTP, and CMP resulted in a significant fluorescence light-up effect. Thus, it was demonstrated that the styrylpyridine unit is a useful and complementary fluorophore for the development of selective nucleotide-targeting fluorescent probes based on alkylamine-linked cyclophanes.

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21

Baker, Murray, and David Brown. "Azolium Cyclophanes." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157019306778742869.

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22

Hopf, Henning, Friedrich-Wilhelm Raulfs, and Dietmar Schomburg. "Cyclophanes-XXV." Tetrahedron 42, no. 6 (January 1986): 1655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87582-7.

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23

Bodwell, Graham J., and Teizi Satou. "“Polyunsaturated” Cyclophanes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 41, no. 21 (November 4, 2002): 4003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021104)41:21<4003::aid-anie4003>3.0.co;2-#.

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24

Hopf, H., M. Zander, and J. Hucker. "Phosphoreszenzeigenschaften von [2,2](1,4)Naphthalinoparacyclophan und [2,2](1,4)Chrysenoparacyclophan und deren Grundzustandskomplexen mit Silberperchlorat." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 40, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1985-1221.

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Due to the cyclophane structure the energies of the lowest triplet state, phosphorescence lifetimes and phosphorescence/fluorescence quantum yield ratios of [2,2](l,4)naphthalenoparacyclophane (2) and [2,2](1.4)chrysenoparacyclophane (4) differ markedly from the data of 1,4-dimethyl naphthalene and chrysene respectively. By ground state complexation of 2 and 4 with silver Perchlorate the transannular interaction in the cyclophanes is reduced. In contrast to naphthalene. 2 does not effectively quench the benzophenone phosphorescence in benzophenone/ 2 mixed crystals at 77 K. It is shown, however, that this cannot be regarded as a specific property of 2 but rather as an example of the more general phenomenon that steric or stereoelectronic factors can play a considerable role in intermolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer.

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25

Summers, Thomas J., Hrishikesh Tupkar, Tyler M. Ozvat, Zoë Tregillus, Kenneth A. Miller, and Nathan J. DeYonker. "Computational Insight into the Rope-Skipping Isomerization of Diarylether Cyclophanes." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112127.

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The restricted rotation of chemical bonds may lead to the formation of stable, conformationally chiral molecules. While the asymmetry in chiral molecules is generally observed in the presence of one or more stereocenters, asymmetry exhibited by conformational chirality in compounds lacking stereocenters, called atropisomerism, depends on structural and temperature factors that are still not fully understood. This atropisomerism is observed in natural diarylether heptanoids where the length of the intramolecular tether constrains the compounds to isolable enantiomers at room temperature. In this work, we examine the impact tether length has on the activation free energies to isomerization of a diarylether cyclophane substructure with a tether ranging from 6 to 14 carbons. Racemization activation energies are observed to decay from 48 kcal/mol for a 7-carbon tether to 9.2 kcal/mol for a 14-carbon tether. Synthetic efforts to experimentally test these constraints are also presented. This work will likely guide the design and synthesis of novel asymmetric cyclophanes that will be of interest in the catalysis community given the importance of atropisomeric ligands in the field of asymmetric catalysis.

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26

Wong, Zhi Xiang, and Matthias Lein. "Guest–Host Interaction of Coinage Metals in π-Rich Cavities." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 9 (2016): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16208.

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The complexation of coinage metal cations with [2.2.2]paracyclophane and deltaphane has been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the PBE0-D3 hybrid functional, which incorporates explicit dispersion corrections to account for the weak intermolecular forces that are important in the systems studied. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, Bader's Atoms in Molecules theory analyses as well as localised molecular orbital – energy decomposition analyses (LMO-EDAs) have been carried out to further investigate the electronic structure and bonding of the complexes. It was found that both cyclophanes bind strongest with gold ions, followed closely by copper ions and lastly silver ions. The two fragments interact in a non-covalent fashion in these complexes and the metal preferentially resides at the periphery of the molecular cavity of the cyclophane.

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27

Diederich, Francois, and Heinz Dieter Lutter. "Catalytic cyclophanes. 4. Supramolecular catalysis of benzoin condensations by a thiazolium cyclophane." Journal of the American Chemical Society 111, no. 22 (October 1989): 8438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00204a017.

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28

CHAO, I., and F. DIEDERICH. "ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Cyclophanes. Part 7. Esterase Activity of a Bisimidazolyl- Cyclophane." ChemInform 24, no. 42 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199342210.

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29

SHINMYOZU, T., M. HIRAKIDA, S. KUSUMOTO, M. TOMONOU, T. INAZU, and J. M. RUDZINSKI. "ChemInform Abstract: Multibridged (3n)Cyclophanes. Part 2. Synthesis of (35)(1,2,3,4,5) Cyclophane." ChemInform 25, no. 37 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199437072.

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30

Bogdan, Niculina, and Ion Grosu. "[4.n]Cyclophanes." Current Organic Chemistry 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 502–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527209787582231.

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31

Yamato, Takehiko, Tsuyoshi Furukawa, Syuichi Saito, Kan Tanaka, and Hirohisa Tsuzuki. "Medium-sized cyclophanes." New Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 8 (July 24, 2002): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b201448n.

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32

Bauer, Helmut, Falk Stier, Christoph Petry, Andreas Knorr, Christian Stadler, and Heinz A. Staab. "Phenothiazine−Bipyridinium Cyclophanes." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2001, no. 17 (September 2001): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(200109)2001:17<3255::aid-ejoc3255>3.0.co;2-0.

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33

Pascal, Robert A., Andrey Dudnikov, LeaAnn A. Love, Xin Geng, Kelly J. Dougherty, Joel T. Mague, Christina M. Kraml, and Neal Byrne. "Chiral Polyaryl Cyclophanes." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017, no. 28 (July 31, 2017): 4194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201700732.

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34

Higuchi, Hiroyuki, Keita Tani, Tetsuo Otsubo, Yoshiteru Sakata, and Soichi Misumi. "New Synthetic Method of [2.2]Cyclophanes via Diselena[3.3]cyclophanes." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 60, no. 11 (November 1987): 4027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.60.4027.

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35

Shinmyozu, Teruo, Shirou Kusumoto, Sachiyo Nomura, Haruo Kawase, and Takahiko Inazu. "Multibridged [3n]Cyclophanes, 1. Synthesis of [34](1,2,3,5)- and -(1,2,4,5)Cyclophanes." Chemische Berichte 126, no. 8 (August 1993): 1815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19931260810.

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36

Isaji, Hajime, Mikio Yasutake, Hiroyuki Takemura, Katsuya Sako, Hitoshi Tatemitsu, Takahiko Inazu, and Teruo Shinmyozu. "ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Analysis of [3.3]Cyclophanes. Part 6. Alternative General Synthetic Routes of [2.2]Cyclophanes and [3.2]Cyclophanes from [3.3]Cyclophane-2,11-diones by Photodecarbonylation, and a Structural Study of [3.2]Metacyclophane." ChemInform 33, no. 8 (May 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200208068.

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Benson, David R., Robert Valentekovich, Suk-Wah Tam, and Fran�ois Diederich. "Catalytic Cyclophanes. Part VIII. Cytochrome P-450 activity of a porphyrin-bridged cyclophane." Helvetica Chimica Acta 76, no. 5 (August 11, 1993): 2034–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19930760519.

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38

Isaji, Hajime, Mikio Yasutake, Hiroyuki Takemura, Katsuya Sako, Hitoshi Tatemitsu, Takahiko Inazu, and Teruo Shinmyozu. "Alternative General Synthetic Routes to [2.2]Cyclophanes and [3.2]Cyclophanes from [3.3]Cyclophane-2,11-diones by Photodecarbonylation, and a Structural Study of [3.2]Metacyclophanes." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2001, no. 13 (July 2001): 2487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(200107)2001:13<2487::aid-ejoc2487>3.0.co;2-f.

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39

Jones, Peter G., Graham Bodwell, and Henning Hopf. "Notizen: Cyclophanes, XXXIV [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0818.

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Abstract:

The title compound 3 was prepared by pyrolysis of the corresponding bis-sulfone 2 and subjected to X-ray structural analysis; space group P 1̅, a = 477.0(1), b = 625.6(2), c = 1363.6(3) pm, α = 82.79(2), β = 83.43(2), γ = 78.18(3)°, Ζ = 1, R = 0.058 for 900 reflections. The molecule contains a crystallographic symmetry centre, thus confirming the anti configuration.

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40

John, Derek E., Andrei S. Batsanov, Martin R. Bryce, and Judith A. K. Howard. "New Bis(tetrathiafulvalene) Cyclophanes." Synthesis 2000, no. 06 (2000): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-6279.

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Barnes, Jonathan C., Michal Juríček, Nicolaas A. Vermeulen, Edward J. Dale, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Synthesis of ExnBox Cyclophanes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 78, no. 23 (November 7, 2013): 11962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo401993n.

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Markovsky, Leonid N., Vltalli I. Kal’chenko, Dmitii M. Rudkevich, and Aleksandr N. Shivanyuk. "Phosphorylated Resorcinol-based Cyclophanes." Mendeleev Communications 2, no. 3 (January 1992): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/mc1992v002n03abeh000157.

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Kane, Vinayak V., Willem H. De Wolf, and Friedrich Bickelhaupt. "Synthesis of small cyclophanes." Tetrahedron 50, no. 16 (April 1994): 4575–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85002-x.

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Ernst, L. "NMR studies of cyclophanes." Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 37, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 47–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6565(00)00022-4.

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45

Koray, Ali R., Thomas Zahn, and Manfred L. Ziegler. "Metal complexes of cyclophanes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 291, no. 1 (August 1985): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(85)80202-3.

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46

Misumi, S. "Cycloaddition reactions of cyclophanes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 59, no. 12 (January 1, 1987): 1627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198759121627.

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Sutherland, I. O. "Cyclophanes as synthetic receptors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 62, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199062030499.

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48

Meier, Herbert, and Klaus Müller. "Synthesis of Belt Cyclophanes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 34, no. 1314 (July 31, 1995): 1437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199514371.

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49

Shinmyozu, T., and M. Shibahara. "ChemInform Abstract: Mononuclear Cyclophanes." ChemInform 43, no. 25 (May 25, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201225267.

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Mourad, Aboul-fetouh E. "Molecular complexes of cyclophanes—XIII. Charge-transfer complexes of cyclophanes with fluoranil." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 43, no. 1 (January 1987): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(87)80193-9.

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