Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cyclophanes

Academic literature on the topic 'Cyclophanes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cyclophanes"

1

Rajakumar, Perumal, and Ramar Padmanabhan. "Synthesis, Anti-Arthritic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of N-Tosyl aza Cyclophanes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 2 (2012): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11435.

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The synthesis of novel N-tosyl tetraaza cyclophanes and N-tosyl diaza cyclophane incorporating m-terphenyl as spacer units is described. Anti-arthritic activity was studied by inhibition of the protein denaturation method (bovine serum albumin). All the N-tosyl aza cyclophanes exhibit excellent anti-arthritic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized cyclophanes was investigated using the human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and some of the N-tosyl aza cyclophanes exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity.
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Mageed, Ahmed Hassoon, and Karrar Al-Ameed. "Synthesis, structural studies and computational evaluation of cyclophanes incorporating imidazole-2-selones." RSC Advances 13, no. 25 (2023): 17282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02913a.

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Cyclophanes incorporating o-xylylene or mesitylene-m-cyclophane linked-selone groups are mutually syn in both solid state and solution. While, m-xylylene or p-xylylene cyclophanes linked-selone groups show syn and anti conformations in the solution.
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Rühe, Jessica, David Bialas, Peter Spenst, Ana-Maria Krause, and Frank Würthner. "Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes: Structure–Property Relationships upon Variation of the Cavity Size." Organic Materials 02, no. 02 (April 2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709998.

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Five cyclophanes composed of two perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes and various CH2–arylene–CH2 linker units were synthesized. PM6-D3H4 geometry-optimized structures and a single crystal for one of these cyclophanes reveal well-defined distances between the two coplanar PBI units in these cyclophanes, spanning the range from 5.0 to 12.5 Å. UV/vis absorption spectra reveal a redistribution of oscillator strength of the vibronic bands due to a H-type exciton coupling even for the cyclophane with the largest interchromophoric distance. A quantitative evaluation according to the Kasha–Spano theory affords exciton coupling strengths ranging from 64 cm−1 for the largest cyclophane up to 333 cm−1 for the smallest one and a surprisingly good fit to the cubic interchromophoric distance in the framework of the point-dipole approximation. Interchromophoric interaction is also noticed in fluorescence lifetimes that are significantly increased for all five cyclophanes as expected for H-coupled chromophores due to a decrease of the radiative rate. For the three largest cyclophanes with interchromophoric distances of >9 Å, fluorescence quantum yields remain high in chloroform (>88%), whilst for the smaller ones with interchromophoric distances <6 Å, additional nonradiative pathways lead to a pronounced fluorescence quenching.
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Zhang, Xing-Xing, Jian Li, and Yun-Yin Niu. "A Review of Crystalline Multibridged Cyclophane Cages: Synthesis, Their Conformational Behavior, and Properties." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207083.

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This paper reviews the most stable conformation of crystalline three-dimensional cyclophane (CP) achieved by self-assembling based on changing the type of aromatic compound or regulating the type and number of bridging groups. [3n]cyclophanes (CPs) were reported to form supramolecular compounds with bind organic, inorganic anions, or neutral molecules selectively. [3n]cyclophanes ([3n]CPs) have stronger donor capability relative to compound [2n]cyclophanes ([2n]CPs), and it is expected to be a new type of electron donor for the progress of fresh electron conductive materials. The synthesis, conformational behavior, and properties of crystalline multi-bridge rings are summarized and discussed.
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Kotha, Sambasivarao, Mukesh Eknath Shirbhate, and Gopalkrushna T. Waghule. "Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (July 29, 2015): 1274–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.142.

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In this review we cover various approaches to meta- and paracyclophanes involving popular reactions. Generally, we have included a strategy where the reaction was used for assembling the cyclophane skeleton for further functionalization. In several instances, after the cyclophane is made several popular reactions are used and these are not covered here. We included various natural products related to cyclophanes. To keep the length of the review at a manageable level the literature related to orthocyclophanes was not included.
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Jabłoński, Mirosław. "Determining Repulsion in Cyclophane Cages." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 3969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27133969.

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Superphane, i.e., [2.2.2.2.2.2](1,2,3,4,5,6)cyclophane, is a very convenient molecule in studying the nature of guest⋯host interactions in endohedral complexes. Nevertheless, the presence of as many as six ethylene bridges in the superphane molecule makes it practically impossible for the trapped entity to escape out of the superphane cage. Thus, in this article, I have implemented the idea of using the superphane derivatives with a reduced number of ethylene linkers, which leads to the [2n] cyclophanes where n<6. Seven such cyclophanes are then allowed to form endohedral complexes with noble gas (Ng) atoms (He, Ne, Ar, Kr). It is shown that in the vast majority of cases, the initially trapped Ng atom spontaneously escapes from the cyclophane cage, creating an exohedral complex. This is the best proof that the Ng⋯cyclophane interaction in endohedral complexes is indeed highly repulsive, i.e., destabilizing. Apart from the ‘sealed’ superphane molecule, endohedral complexes are only formed in the case of the smallest He atom. However, it has been shown that in these cases, the Ng⋯cyclophane interaction inside the cyclophane cage is nonbonding, i.e., repulsive. This highly energetically unfavorable effect causes the cyclophane molecule to ‘swell’.
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Vermeij, Rudolf J., David O. Miller, Louise N. Dawe, Ivan Aprahamian, Tuvia Sheradsky, Mordecai Rabinovitz, and Graham J. Bodwell. "Mixed [2.2]Cyclophanes of Pyrene and Benzene." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 12 (2010): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10356.

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An examination of the literature on [2.2]cyclophanes reveals a loose relationship between the relative sizes of the two ‘half-cyclophanes’ (as measured by the parameter Δd) and the limitations of the dominant general synthetic approaches. Direct coupling methods tend to be successful only for systems with Δd values below 1.0 Å, whereas ring-contraction-based approaches are usually viable for systems with Δd values up to 2.0 Å. For the very few known systems with Δd values greater than 2.0 Å, aromatization-based approaches are the only ones that have been successful. The syntheses of two [2.2]cyclophanes with very large Δd values, [2]paracyclo[2](2,7)pyrenophane (17) (Δd = 4.25 Å) and [2]metacyclo[2](2,7)pyrenophane (18) (Δd = 5.04 Å) are presented here. The syntheses hinge on a valence isomerization/dehydrogenation reaction. The crystallographically determined bend angle, θ, for 18 is 96.1°. Cyclophane 18 undergoes a degenerate conformational flip, the energy barrier for which was determined to be 18.9 kcal mol–1 by DNMR.
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Salazar-Medina, Alex J., Enrique F. Velazquez-Contreras, Rocio Sugich-Miranda, Hisila Santacruz, Rosa E. Navarro, Fernando Rocha-Alonzo, Maria A. Islas-Osuna, et al. "Immune response of human cultured cells towards macrocyclic Fe2PO and Fe2PC bioactive cyclophane complexes." PeerJ 8 (April 20, 2020): e8956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8956.

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Synthetic molecules that mimic the function of natural enzymes or molecules have untapped potential for use in the next generation of drugs. Cyclic compounds that contain aromatic rings are macrocyclic cyclophanes, and when they coordinate iron ions are of particular interest due to their antioxidant and biomimetic properties. However, little is known about the molecular responses at the cellular level. This study aims to evaluate the changes in immune gene expression in human cells exposed to the cyclophanes Fe2PO and Fe2PC. Confluent human embryonic kidney cells were exposed to either the cyclophane Fe2PO or Fe2PC before extraction of RNA. The expression of a panel of innate and adaptive immune genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Evidence was found for an inflammatory response elicited by the cyclophane exposures. After 8 h of exposure, the cells increased the relative expression of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 1; IRAK, which transduces signals between interleukin 1 receptors and the NFκB pathway; and the LPS pattern recognition receptor CD14. After 24 h of exposure, regulatory genes begin to counter the inflammation, as some genes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and non-inflammatory immune responses come into play. Both Fe2PO and Fe2PC induced similar immunogenetic changes in transcription profiles, but equal molar doses of Fe2PC resulted in more robust responses. These data suggest that further work in whole animal models may provide more insights into the extent of systemic physiological changes induced by these cyclophanes.
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Benniston, Andrew C., Philip R. Mackie, Louis J. Farrugia, Simon Parsons, William Clegg, and Simon J. Teat. "Metallo-Based Cyclophanes and [2]Catenanes." Platinum Metals Review 42, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214098x423100105.

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The creation of systems that are capable of performing molecular-scale operations is currently under extensive investigation, particularly in the emerging field of nanotechnology. Towards this end, we have been actively involved in the construction and study of the properties of metallo-based assemblies based on electron-deficient cyclophanes and donor-acceptor [2]catenanes. Metallic moieties, such as [Ru(bipy)2 (L)]6+ and [Os(bipy)2(L)]6+, where bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl and L= tetracationic cyclophane ligand, form an integral part of the molecular structures of these assemblies and in these specific cases create photoactive complexes. The photoinduced electron transfer reactions which occur within these molecules have been extensively studied, especially in relation to the corresponding processes found in natural photosynthetic reaction centres. Here, we present a short review on relevant aspects of this work as well as the potential use of metal-based cyclophanes as binders for aromatics.
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Patel, Suraj, Tyson N. Dais, Paul G. Plieger, and Gareth J. Rowlands. "Breaking paracyclophane: the unexpected formation of non-symmetric disubstituted nitro[2.2]metaparacyclophanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (June 29, 2021): 1518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.109.

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Substituted [2.2]metaparacyclophanes are amongst the least studied of the simple cyclophanes. This is undoubtedly the result of the lengthy syntheses of these compounds. We report the simple synthesis of a rare example of a non-symmetric [2.2]metaparacyclophane. Treatment of [2.2]paracyclophane under standard nitration conditions gives a mixture of 4-nitro[2.2]paracyclophane, 4-hydroxy-5-nitro[2.2]metaparacyclophane and a cyclohexadienone cyclophane.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyclophanes"

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Turner, Peter D. "Organic materials for nonlinear optics /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht951.pdf.

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Robbins, Steven Joseph, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Cyclophanes from kinetically stabilized bis(isobenzofuran)s." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Deptartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/781.

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Isobenzofurans (IBF)s are interesting molecules with regards to their structure and reactivity. The properties of these compounds are investigated through the use of gas phase calculations and kinetic studies. This work provides insight into the aromatic character of IBF and how substituents affect IBF’s reactivity. Substituted derivatives of naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]difuran are synthesized and reacted with tethered bis(dienophile)s to form cyclophanes. Phenyl-substituted naphtho[1,2-c5,6-c]difuran forms only a single isomer when reacted with a tethered bis(acrylate) and a tert-butyldimethylsilyl-substituted derivative exhibits higher selectivity towards cyclophane formation rather than polymer formation. Evidence for strong intramolecular interactions within these cyclophanes is presented as well. A five-step synthesis of anthra[1,2-c:7,8-c]difuran is developed, although with a poor overall yield. Similar reaction conditions could be applied to the synthesis of anthra[1,2-c:5,6-c]difuran. We also propose the synthesis of two different aromatic belts from these compounds.
xxii, 122 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
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Arifhodzic, Lejla. "Novel bis-quinolinium cyclophanes as SKca channel blockers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248484.

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Richard, Jimmy. "Cyclophanes de viologènes adressables pour stockage de charges." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF021.

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Le stockage de données sur une molécule est un défi fondamental dans l’élaboration de systèmes pouvant stocker une grande quantité de données dans un minimum d’espace. Le projet de cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette thématique, à savoir la conception d’interrupteurs moléculaire oscillant par des stimuli redox et étant lisibles sans altérer les différents états pour permettre la création de mémoire moléculaire. Les cyclophanes bis-viologènes sont donc des candidats potentiels pour la création de dispositifs de stockage d’informations qui pourraient être écrites de façon réversible et lues de nombreuses manières grâce aux propriétés magnétiques, optiques et conductrices des π-dimères. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse est consacré à une introduction sur la chimie des cyclophanes et sur l’utilisation des surfaces dans la chimie des cyclophanes et des interrupteurs moléculaires. Le second chapitre porte sur la synthèse de viologènes et de cyclophanes bis-viologènes. Le troisième chapitre est ensuite consacré à la synthèse de cyclophanes diazapyrénium-viologènes, alternatives possibles des cyclophanes bis-viologènes
Storing data on a molecule is a fundamental challenge in developing a system that can store a large amount of data in a minimum of space. The project of this thesis is part of this theme, namely the design of molecular switches oscillating by redox stimuli and being readable without altering the different states to allow the creation of molecular memory. The bis-viologen cyclophanes are therefore potential candidates for the creation of information storage devices that could be reversibly written and read in many ways thanks to the magnetic, optical and conductive properties of the π-dimer. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to an introduction to the chemistry of cyclophanes and the use of surfaces in the chemistry of cyclophanes and molecular switches. The second chapter deals with the synthesis of viologenes and bis-viologen cyclophanes. The third chapter is devoted to the synthesis of diazapyrenium-viologenes cyclophanes, possible alternatives for bis-viologen cyclophanes
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Auffray, Morgan. "Cyclophanes, a bridge between photophysics and supramolecular chemistry." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066285/document.

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Dans ce travail, des derivés du dithia[3.3]paracyclophane sont étudiés pour des applications en nanostructuration de surfaces et comme nouveaux fluorophores. Dans un premier temps, l'auto-assemblage supramoléculaire de molécules est utilisé pour créer des réseaux 2D sur surface. Cependant, l'utilisation de tels substrats a tendance à annihiler les propriétés électroniques des composés adsorbés. Par conséquent, des dérivés 3D du dithia[3.3]paracyclophane sont employées afin d'éloigner le composant actif de la surface. Dans cet optique, de nouvelles molécules à base de groupements pyridine ont été conçues pour s'auto-assembler sur différents substrats. Les caractérisations préliminaires ont été effectuées afin d'étudier les propriétés d'auto-assemblage de telles molécules seules ou co-adsorbées, et les premières images de réseaux 2D auto-organisés sur graphite et or ont été obtenues par microscopie à sonde locale. Dans un second temps, de nouveaux composés sont actuellement étudiés pour électroluminescence à haute rendement à partir de la fluorescence retardée à activation thermique (TADF). Ce phénomène est généralement observé pour des molécules montrant un faible gap électronique entre ses états excités singulet et triplet, lié au faible recouvrement des orbitales HOMO et LUMO localisées sur le donneur et l'accepteur, respectivement. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons un nouveau design de molécules de type donneur-accepteur où HOMO (donneur) et LUMO (accepteur) sont séparées par un cœur cyclophane. Nous avons synthétisé deux émetteurs et leurs propriétés photo-physiques ont été étudiées en solution et à l'état solide
In this work and due to their unique electronic properties, 3D-dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-based molecules have been studied for surface nanostructuration applications and as new fluorophore. First, the supramolecular self-assembly of molecules is used to create well-organised 2D-networks on conducting surfaces. However, the use of such substrates tends to quench any electronic properties of the adsorbed molecules. In this context, 3D-dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-based molecules were employed to lift up the active moiety from the surface. In this work, new pyridyl end-capped molecules were designed to self-assemble on any substrate. Preliminary characterisations were performed to study the supramolecular self-assembly of such molecules alone or with co-adsorbers, and the first images of organised 2D-networks on graphite and gold have been obtained by scanning probe microscopy. Second, the design of new and efficient emitter is a hot topic for the fabrication of OLED devices. A new type of compounds is currently investigated for their high electroluminescence efficiency due to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). This phenomenon is expected from molecules showing low electronic gap between singlet and triplet excited states, which is related to a low overlap of the HOMO and LUMO, localised on the electron-door and acceptor moieties of the molecule, respectively. In this sense, we propose a new design of donor-acceptor molecules where the HOMO (donor) and LUMO (acceptor) are separated by a cyclophane core. We synthesised a couple of emitters and their photophysics properties were studied in solution and in solid state
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Auffray, Morgan. "Cyclophanes, a bridge between photophysics and supramolecular chemistry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066285.

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Dans ce travail, des derivés du dithia[3.3]paracyclophane sont étudiés pour des applications en nanostructuration de surfaces et comme nouveaux fluorophores. Dans un premier temps, l'auto-assemblage supramoléculaire de molécules est utilisé pour créer des réseaux 2D sur surface. Cependant, l'utilisation de tels substrats a tendance à annihiler les propriétés électroniques des composés adsorbés. Par conséquent, des dérivés 3D du dithia[3.3]paracyclophane sont employées afin d'éloigner le composant actif de la surface. Dans cet optique, de nouvelles molécules à base de groupements pyridine ont été conçues pour s'auto-assembler sur différents substrats. Les caractérisations préliminaires ont été effectuées afin d'étudier les propriétés d'auto-assemblage de telles molécules seules ou co-adsorbées, et les premières images de réseaux 2D auto-organisés sur graphite et or ont été obtenues par microscopie à sonde locale. Dans un second temps, de nouveaux composés sont actuellement étudiés pour électroluminescence à haute rendement à partir de la fluorescence retardée à activation thermique (TADF). Ce phénomène est généralement observé pour des molécules montrant un faible gap électronique entre ses états excités singulet et triplet, lié au faible recouvrement des orbitales HOMO et LUMO localisées sur le donneur et l'accepteur, respectivement. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons un nouveau design de molécules de type donneur-accepteur où HOMO (donneur) et LUMO (accepteur) sont séparées par un cœur cyclophane. Nous avons synthétisé deux émetteurs et leurs propriétés photo-physiques ont été étudiées en solution et à l'état solide
In this work and due to their unique electronic properties, 3D-dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-based molecules have been studied for surface nanostructuration applications and as new fluorophore. First, the supramolecular self-assembly of molecules is used to create well-organised 2D-networks on conducting surfaces. However, the use of such substrates tends to quench any electronic properties of the adsorbed molecules. In this context, 3D-dithia[3.3]paracyclophane-based molecules were employed to lift up the active moiety from the surface. In this work, new pyridyl end-capped molecules were designed to self-assemble on any substrate. Preliminary characterisations were performed to study the supramolecular self-assembly of such molecules alone or with co-adsorbers, and the first images of organised 2D-networks on graphite and gold have been obtained by scanning probe microscopy. Second, the design of new and efficient emitter is a hot topic for the fabrication of OLED devices. A new type of compounds is currently investigated for their high electroluminescence efficiency due to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). This phenomenon is expected from molecules showing low electronic gap between singlet and triplet excited states, which is related to a low overlap of the HOMO and LUMO, localised on the electron-door and acceptor moieties of the molecule, respectively. In this sense, we propose a new design of donor-acceptor molecules where the HOMO (donor) and LUMO (acceptor) are separated by a cyclophane core. We synthesised a couple of emitters and their photophysics properties were studied in solution and in solid state
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Collins, Shawn K. "Design, synthesis, and applications of novel phenyl/acetylenic cyclophanes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9015.

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The synthesis of a novel family of acetylenic cyclophanes via Pd, Cu and Zn catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is described. The cyclophanes were constructed in good yields and X-ray crystal analysis revealed a twisted helical geometry. The nature of the geometry and the ability to complex solvent molecules within the lattice varied upon the number of acetylenic linkages present. Functionalized cyclophanes bearing long alkyl chains based on the helical structures 191 and 213 were also synthesized with potential as novel liquid crystals. Cyclophane 280 showed LC-like behavior when melting was observed under a polarized light microscope. Intramolecular cyclization of paracyclophanes was observed and resulted in cyclophanes, 192 and 203. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the carboxylic acid derivative, 203 revealed the strained nature of the butadiyne bridge. The triple bonds were distorted with bond angles of 163.7° and 163.5°. A novel method for the synthesis of diynes and tetraynes using an in situ desilylation/dimerization procedure was developed but was unsuccessful in producing linear hexaynes. Attempted dimerization of 281 for the synthesis of 282 failed due to a competing intramolecular producing 283. Derivative 307 revealed another highly strained butadiyne bridge possessing bond angles of 164.1° and 153.4°. Metacyclophanes with a termini separation of approximately between 7.8 and 10 A did not undergo intramolecular cyclization. A sequential coupling procedure involving a double dimerization of acetylenes produced traces of the desired cyclophane 282 and no competing intramolecular cyclization products were observed. Progress towards 327, a structural isomer of 282, using an alternative sequential coupling protocol involving a double Sonogashira cyclization is detailed. Attempts to prepare acetylenic cyclophanes bearing metaphenyl/acetylene linkages are described. Initial investigations into the incorporation of thiophenes to acetylenic cyclophanes were thwarted by the instability of the precursor, 372.* *Please refer to dissertation for diagram.
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Houghton, Tom J. "Synthesis and study of some novel and interesting cyclophanes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0023/NQ54838.pdf.

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Moody, T. S. "Switches based on crown ethers, cyclophanes and amino acids." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390876.

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Bartlett, Stephen James. "Synthesis, conformational studies and biological activity of bisindolylmaleimide cyclophanes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424060.

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Books on the topic "Cyclophanes"

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Weber, E., ed. Cyclophanes. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0025265.

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Diederich, François. Cyclophanes. London: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991.

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Diederich, François. Cyclophanes. Cambridge [England]: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994.

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F, Vögtle. Cyclophan-Chemie: Synthesen, Strukturen, Reaktionen : Einführung und Überblick. Stuttgart: Teubner, 1990.

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Kostermans, Gerardus Botje Maria. Synthesis and properties of very small [n]cyclophanes. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1989.

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Vögtle, Fritz. Cyclophan-Chemie. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-92788-0.

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Cyclophanes. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010924.

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Cyclophanes. Springer, 1994.

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Hart, H. Cyclophanes. Springer, 2013.

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Weber, E. Cyclophanes. Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cyclophanes"

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Benniston, Andrew C., and Anthony Harriman. "Photoactive Cyclophanes." In Physical Supramolecular Chemistry, 179–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0317-3_12.

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Tsuji, Takashi. "Highly Strained Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 81–104. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch3.

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Speiser, Bernd. "Molecular Electrochemistry of Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 359–79. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch14.

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Ernst, Ludger, and Kerstin Ibrom. "NMR Spectra of Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 381–414. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch15.

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Hopf, Henning. "Intramolecular Reactions in Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 189–210. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch7.

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Sander, Wolfram. "Reactive Intermediates from Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 211–27. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch8.

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Muchall, Heidi M. "Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra of Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 259–74. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch10.

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Rademacher, Paul. "UV/Vis Spectra of Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 275–310. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch11.

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Flood, Amar H., Yi Liu, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "From Cyclophanes to Molecular Machines." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 485–518. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch19.

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Gleiter, Rolf, Bernhard J. Rausch, and Rolf J. Schaller. "Endohedral Metal Complexes of Cyclophanes." In Modern Cyclophane Chemistry, 159–88. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603964.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cyclophanes"

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Scherer, P. O. J. "Noise induced intramolecular electron transfer processes in polar media." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.fc4.

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Abstract:
In two recent papers the photoinduced electron transfer process within a porphyrin quinon cyclophane complex has been studied experimentally /1/ and theoretically /2/ as a model system for the photosynthetic reaction center. The observed rate of the charge separation process depends strongly on the solvent polarity. This dependence could be described analytically using macroscopic models for the dielectric behavior of the solvent. In general, however, such systems may show nonexponential behavior /3/ and the solvent dynamics has to be considered explicitly in a microscopic model. This is the aim of the present paper. We present a microscopic model for the solvent induced transition from the optically excited state (P*) to the charge separated state (CT). Due to its large permanent dipole moment the CT state energy fluctuates strongly in a polar environment. These fluctuations are modeled by a dichotomic process. The energy difference Δ=E(CT)-E(P*) is described as a random telegraph signal which switches between two values Δ+>0 and Δ−<0 . This process is characterized by its correlation time and the probability of finding Δ<0. As long as Δ<0 the transition P* −> CT takes place whereas in the opposite case Δ>0 the CT state may either decay into the ground state or the transfer may be reversed (see fig.1). The combination of solvent fluctuations plus intramolecular transitions is described by a master equation which can be solved analytically. The general solution shows multi exponential behavior. It contains the two limiting cases of slow and fast dielectric relaxation (as compared to the intramolecular transition rates) as special cases and is also able to describe the intermediate region where the timescales of solvent dynamics and intramolecular transitions are comparable.
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Reports on the topic "Cyclophanes"

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Li, Shulong, Henry S. White, and Michael D. Ward. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of the Organic Semiconductor ((Eta-C5Me5) 2Ru(1,4-(2(2))-cyclophane)) (TCNQ)4. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246848.

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