Journal articles: 'Cycloidal gear'

1

Su, De Yu, Shan Ming Luo, and Jian Wang. "Study on Meshing Force and Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamic Simulation of Cycloid Drive." Advanced Materials Research 1039 (October 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1039.36.

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The meshing force between pin wheels and gear teeth of modified and standard cycloidal gears is calculated. The parametric model of cycloidal gear and pin wheels is built. The flexible processing of cycloidal gear and pin wheel is conducted using Ansys software. The virtual prototype of cycloid reducer is built. The dynamic simulation of rigid-flexible coupling of modified and standard cycloidal gears has been developed, respectively. The meshing force with friction is calculated and the maximum equivalent stress is obtained. A comparison study of the meshing force using theoretical method is also carried out. It is significant to provide theoretical and technical supports for cycloidal gear design.

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Jiang, Chuang, Huiliang Wang, Tianhao Han, and Xing Liu. "Simulation and Compensation of Axial Geometric Errors for Cycloidal Gears Based on Form Grinding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 21, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4804498.

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To increase quality, reduce cycloidal gear noise, and avoid unnecessary vibration and shock, a compensation of axial geometric errors method is proposed based on the cycloidal gear form grinding. In the process of machining cycloidal gears, the relative position relationship between the grinding wheel and workpiece is affected by geometric errors of the motion axes, which has serious effects on the surface accuracy of the cycloidal gears. Combined with cycloidal gear form grinding kinematic principles, a geometric error model for each axis of a four-axis computer numerical control form grinding machine is established. By changing the compensation value of the geometrical errors on six degrees of freedom, the error of the cycloid gear tooth surface machined is obtained. Based on a sensitivity analysis of geometrical errors of each axis, the corrections are determined through an optimization process that targets the minimization of the tooth flank errors. The geometric errors of each axis of the cycloid gear grinding machine are compensated, and then, the cycloid gears produced by the machine are processed. Through the processing experiment, the error data of the actual processing before and after the compensation are compared, which indicates that the machining accuracy of the cycloid gear grinding machine is obviously improved. It has an important guiding significance in improving the precision and performance of large CNC form gear grinding machines.

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DUDA, Henryk, and Bogdan WARDA. "EFFECT OF STRAIGHT-LINE MECHANISM DESIGN ON THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN A CYCLOIDAL GEAR." Tribologia 279, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7009.

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In the cycloidal gear, the torque is transmitted to the planet gears via an eccentric shaft with central bearings mounted on it. A straight-line mechanism is used to output the torque from the planet gears to the output shaft, a mechanism which consists of rotational sleeves mounted on the pins rigidly connected to the output shaft disc. These sleeves roll off in the holes of the planetary wheel. The forces generated in the straight-line mechanism affect the distribution of forces in the cycloid gearing and the amount of force loading the central bearing. The article presents the influence of the number of bolts of the straight-line mechanism on the load distribution in the cycloidal gear. The research carried out with the simulation program has shown that the smaller the number of pins, the greater the fluctuation of the force acting in the central bearing and the greater unevenness of force distributions in the cycloidal gear. This unevenness may cause a decrease in fatigue life of the meshing and central bearings.

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Lei, Lei, Ying Tao, and Tian Min Guan. "Parametric Design of Cycloid Gear Based on SolidWorks." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 3106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.3106.

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In order to improve the efficiency and quality of design of complex parts, cycloid gear, in the pin-cycloidal transmission, this paper used SolidWorks to built accurately cycloid gear 3d model, and the VBA to program procedure for the secondary development, realized the parametric design of cycloid gear. Designer just enter the design parameters of cycloid gear , then gain the accurately generated cycloid gear 3d model rapidly , greatly improving the speed of cycloid gear design.

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Zhang, Ying Hui, Xiao Yu Wang, Wei Dong He, Feng Zhou, and Li Yang Hao. "The Precise Measurement Technology for Manufacturing Error of Cycloidal Gear Used in RV Reducer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 868 (July 2017): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.868.334.

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According to problems in manufacturing and measuring process of cycloidal gear used in RV reducer, the profile coordinates of cycloidal gear captured by three coordinates measuring instrument Surveying and mapping do not coincide with the designed tooth profile coordinates in theory, it is difficult to precisely capture the addendum and dedendum of each cycloidal gear teeth, furthermore, the captured addendum and dedendum do not coincide with the actual tooth items. For these problems, this paper introduced a method can accurately calculating the manufacturing error of cycloidal gear.Based on the captured coordinate points of cycloidal gear tooth profile, firstly, find out 39 approximate addendums by calculating and comparing the radial radius of all points, divide the whole scanning points into 39 profile points groups by the 39 approximate addendums, with each group include a whole single tooth profile. Then, in each profile points group, interpolate the spline and precisely calculate the addendums and dedendums by fitting and recalculating radial radius.Set up the coordinate system of surveying and mapping profile by the 39 addendums. calibrate the coordinate system of surveying and mapping profile with the new coordinate system through coordinate transformation, calculate the radial runout error at top and root of tooth profile, pitch error, adjacent pitch error and accumulated pitch error as well as other manufacturing errors of the cycloidial gear at last.Through experiment, this process solve the problem in measuring process of cycloidal gear that the captured point by three coordinates measuring instrument could not be directly used for calculating the errors items.

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Aliyev, Alesker, and Aydan Qasimova. "PERSPECTIVES OF CYCLOID TRANSMISSION." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 05, no. 01 (January 20, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm0501202072.

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In modern mechanical engineering, transmissions with the use of an involute tooth profile are widespread. However, one of the main disadvantages of these transmissions is that they exposure to wear. In this study, research on the cycloid profile is conducted as an alternative option. Cycloid profiles are one of the profiles applied to the teeth in order to transmit motion. Although cycloid profiles are mainly used in instrumentation, satellites are made of cycloid profile in planetary gears. Cycloid profile teeth are less exposed to wear during operation. Practically, the shape of cycloidal teeth does not allow them to break, so there is no bending deformation in the teeth. In planetary gear transmission, the satellites are usually made of a cycloid profile. Cycloid profile teeth are exposed to less wear. Currently, planetary gear reducers are widely used mainly in the oil industry, drilling equipments, in the lifting mechanisms, gearboxes, on chain conveyors, rotary tables, in robotics, manufacturing, mechanical and chemical engineering fields and so on. The increased load capacity of the cycloid pinion gears is due to the multi-pair contact surface and it has a superior adhesion profile than the involute profile. The loading schemes of cycloidal and evolvent profile teeth shows that the normal force in contact Fn and its dangerous section on the tooth of the cycloidal profile is much less than in the case when the tooth has an involute profile. This is due to the fact that with cycloid profile transmission the number of teeth simultaneously transmitting the load is significantly greater than when implementing the same transmission with involute teeth. Cycloid profile gear reducers can be considered as a modern solution to current requirements such as high efficiency, smooth and quiet work, ability to accept short-term maximum loads, small overall size, minimum technical requirements etc. The simulation of the real load conditions and interference generated during the rotation of the shaft was developed in Solidworks in order to determine the contact stresses and the contact areas resulting from these stresses of the teeth of the gear and satellites of cycloid profile planetary gear reducers. This simulation determines the values of the teeth involved in the contact, the interference of those teeth, the contact areas and the contact stresses generated in these areas, depending on the angle of rotation of the shaft. The profile of the proposed teeth allows to achieve the minimum size with the maximum transmission ratio. Keywords: cycloid profile, cycloid transmission, planetary reducer, interference, simulation, contact area.

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7

Nachimowicz, Jerzy, and Stanisław Rafałowski. "Modelling the Meshing of Cycloidal Gears." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2016-0022.

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Abstract Cycloidal drives belong to the group of planetary gear drives. The article presents the process of modelling a cycloidal gear. The full profile of the planetary gear is determined from the following parameters: ratio of the drive, eccentricity value, the equidistant (ring gear roller radius), epicycloid reduction ratio, roller placement diameter in the ring gear. Joong-Ho Shin’s and Soon-Man Kwon’s article (Shin and Know, 2006) was used to determine the profile outline of the cycloidal planetary gear lobes. The result was a scatter chart with smooth lines and markers, presenting the full outline of the cycloidal gear.

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Petrovskiy, A. N. "Increased efficiency of eccentric cycloidal engagement." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 9 (738) (September 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-9-3-14.

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Gears with eccentric cycloidal engagement have large gear ratios, small overall dimensions, low noise and vibration levels. A relatively low efficiency factor limits their use in transmissions mechanisms, where involute gearing with gear ratios up to 10 and high efficiency (over 0.98) are in demand. The power losses of the eccentric cycloidal engagement are caused by friction in the jointly working kinematic pairs, which are formed by the gear with at least half of the pins, and the latter form the pairs with axles or sockets in the housing. It is possible to reduce the power loss by reducing the number of jointly working kinematic gear-pin pairs, which is done by modifying the theoretical profile of the gear. The modified profile is obtained from the theoretical one by removing the tops of the protrusions so that the remaining parts of the profile provide a smooth transfer of the load to a given number of pins. The study introduces a method for calculating power losses and the efficiency of eccentric cycloidal gearing for theoretical and modified gear profiles. Findings of research show that the modification of the cycloidal gear makes it possible to reduce the power loss in the engagement by more than 60% and to increase the efficiency by 0.03 ... 0.04 without a significant decrease in the strength of the working surfaces. The obtained result confirmed the possibility of increasing the efficiency of eccentric cycloidal gearing for it to be used in transmissions of transport vehicles.

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OLEJARCZYK, Krzysztof, Marcin WIKŁO, Krzysztof KOŁODZIEJCZYK, Kazimierz KRÓL, and Renata NOWAK. "EXPERIMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES OF THE APPLICATION MINERAL OIL AND SYNTHETIC OIL ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SINGLE-GEAR CYCLOIDAL." Tribologia 271, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6365.

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The paper presents a study of the impact of oil mineral-based and synthetic-based oils on the efficiency of the single stage cycloidal gear. Experimental studies were carried out for different loads and input speeds of the gears. The reference levels were the results of theoretical calculations of efficiency of the cycloidal gear obtained at the corresponding values of loads and input speeds as in the experiment.

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10

Wang, Junzheng, and Hongzhan Lv. "Modification and Optimization of Cycloidal Gear Tooth Profile Based on Machining Error Compensation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042581.

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The rotary vector reducer presents high precision and load capacity characteristics. The shape of the cycloidal gear tooth profile in the rotary vector reducer significantly affects its performance. Meanwhile, the effect of the machining error on the error between the designed and theoretical tooth profiles cannot be ignored. Thus, this paper analyzes the machining error items that affect the shape of the cycloidal gear profile from the machining process perspective. Due to the random characteristics and different distribution rules inherent in various machining errors, this paper proposes a cycloidal gear machining error compensation and modification model based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, providing a new theoretical method for compensating cycloidal gear machining errors. While compensating for machining errors, considering the impact of cycloidal gear modification on the carrying capacity, the NSGA-Ⅱoptimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the cycloidal gear modification parameter and finally, to solve the modification parameters with a more comprehensive performance.

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11

Zhang, Chun Liang, and Yuan Yuan Wang. "Realization on Cycloid Tooth Profile for CNC Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.60.

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The machining difficulty of cycloid disk has limited the extensive application of Cycloidal-pin gear planetary mechanism. The conventional machining methods and devices are a main reason. A new method is provided through a 3D software simulation and CNC numerical machining to assure the machining precision of cycloid disk and reduce the machining difficulty. The detail comparisons with old methods are analysized. The modeling and path stimulation are expressed. The NC programs are output. The method can largely reduce the production difficulty of cycloid disk and make high precise cycloidal transmission more accessible.

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12

Xu, Lizhong, Shuang Li, and Wenping Wang. "Sliding ratio for novel cycloidal gear drive." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 21 (December 25, 2017): 3954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217743272.

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In this paper, for a novel spur cycloidal gear drive with a modified tooth profile, the equations of the sliding ratio are deduced from those of its tooth profile. Using the sliding ratio equations, the sliding ratio of the novel cycloidal gear drive is investigated and effects of the drive parameters on the sliding ratio are analysed. The sliding ratio of the novel cycloidal gear drive is then compared with that of an involute gear drive. The results show that the sliding ratio of the novel cycloidal gear drive is small and distributed evenly along its rotating angles, which makes the drive operate smoothly and have a long wear life.

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13

Sinitsyna, Y. V. "A Study of Influence of the Machining Accuracy on Reliability of Cycloidal Gears." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 09 (726) (September 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-9-9-17.

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Cycloidal gears are widely used in modern robotics, aircraft industry and other industries due to their compactness, high load bearing capacity, rigidity and accuracy. This paper examines a method for calculating stresses at the points of contact of the satellite gear and the pins taking into account manufacturing errors. Based on the Monte Carlo method, the probability of failure-free operation of the cycloid gear is determined by the criterion of contact endurance, taking into account the randomness of deviations of gear sizes from the nominal ones. Graphs showing the relationships between the probability of failure-free operation for a fixed period of time and the torque are presented. It is established that a 2kv gear has a higher reliability compared to the gear manufactured using the khv scheme. Based on the analysis of sensitivity of the failure-free operation probability to manufacturing errors, it is concluded that the positional error of the pin hole has the maximum effect on the gear performance.

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14

Li, Tianxing, Xiaotao An, Xiaozhong Deng, Jinfan Li, and Yulong Li. "A New Tooth Profile Modification Method of Cycloidal Gears in Precision Reducers for Robots." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041266.

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The tooth profile modification of cycloidal gears is important in the design and manufacture of precision reducers or rotary vector (RV) reducers for robots. The traditional modification design of cycloidal gears is mainly realized by setting various machining parameters, such as the size and center position of the grinding wheel. The traditional modification design has some disadvantages such as complex modification calculation, uncontrollable tooth profile curve shape and unstable meshing performance. Therefore, a new tooth profile modification method is proposed based on the consideration of the comprehensive influences of pressure angle distribution, meshing backlash, tooth tip and root clearance. Taking the pressure angle and modifications of tooth profile as the parameters of the modification function and the meshing backlash of gear teeth as constraints, the mathematical model for tooth profile modifications is built. The modifications are superimposed on the normal direction of the theoretical profile—the force transmission direction. The mathematical relationship between the modifications and the pressure angle distribution, which determines the force transmission performance, is established. Taking the straight line method, cycloid method and catenary method as examples, by means of the tooth contact analysis technology, the transmission error and minimum meshing backlash, which reflects the lost motion, of the newly modified profile are analyzed and verified. This proposed method can flexibly control the shape change of the modification profile and accurately pre-control the transmission accuracy of the cycloid-pin gear. It avoids the disadvantages of traditional modification methods, such as uncontrollable tooth profile shape and unstable meshing accuracy. The method allows good meshing characteristics, high force transmission performance and more precise tooth profile curve. The study provides a new design method of the modified profile of cycloidal gears.

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Ivanov, Viktor, Dimitar Karaivanov, Svitlana Ivanova, and Mariia Volkova. "Gear mesh geometry effect on performance improvement for external gear pumps." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928701007.

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The parameters of the involute and cycloidal gearing which influence on fluid volume at the tooth space are analysed. It is established that to a greater extent on the flow rate of the pump with involute gearing is influenced by the radial clearance coefficient and the profile shift coefficient. The radii ratio of the auxiliary and pitch circles, as well as the radial clearance coefficient, mainly affect the flow rate of the pump with cycloidal gearing. Since the gear module is determined for reasons of pump flow rate, the teeth has a significant safety factor for contact stress and especially bending stress. This allows a wide variation of the gearing parameters in greater limits than in transmissions. The dependences of the fluid volume at the tooth space in the cycloidal gearing on the radial clearance coefficient, on the radii ratio of the auxiliary and pitch circles, on the fillet radius coefficient, is found. The boundaries of the variation of the gearing parameters were established taking into account the bending strength of the teeth. The analysis is carried out using the finite element method. Recommendations for the use of cycloidal gearing in external gear pumps have been developed.

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Zhang, Xiu Yan, and Xiao Jun Dai. "Meshing Stiffness Analysis of Four Ring-Plate-Type Pin-Cycloidal Gear Planetary Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.499.

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The four ring-plate-type pin-cycloidal gear planetary drive is a new type of the cycloid. Use the new repair tooth profile gap mesh analysis method to Calculate the cycloid mesh stiffness. the mesh stiffness of the cycloid is solved, According to simulation results based on the ANSYS / LS-DYNA. and the results were compared with theoretical calculations, both mutual authentication. It can be use to improve the prototype program at last.

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Chicurel-Uziel, Ricardo. "Cycloidal Magnetic Gear Speed Reducer." Modern Mechanical Engineering 03, no. 04 (2013): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/mme.2013.34021.

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Biernacki, Krzysztof. "Selection of the optimum tooth profile for plastic cycloidal gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 18 (April 14, 2014): 3395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214531408.

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Cycloidal gears make up the main working unit of hydraulic gerotor machines. In the article, a question of a more efficient application of plastics in building the gears is discussed. The discussion is based on a numerical strain analysis which was done by means of the finite elements method. The stress and deformation values in the operating cycloidal gears were specified. The numerical analysis was carried out in two stages in order to determine the optimum gear tooth profile. The profile depends on the tooth height and on the tooth correction coefficient. At the first stage, the optimum tooth height coefficient λ was calculated. Having determined the optimum value λ, the analysis was continued, and at the second stage, the optimum correction coefficient v for the gears at an earlier selected constant value λ was defined. The analysis results were useful in selecting parameters for determining the geometrical characteristics of the cycloidal gears. The parameters were then used in defining the most suitable tooth profile for the hydraulic machine featuring the cycloidal gears.

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Xu, Li Xin. "A dynamic model to predict the number of pins to transmit load in a cycloidal reducer with assembling clearance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 12 (November 20, 2018): 4247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218809732.

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In the ideal design of a cycloidal reducer, the tooth profile of cycloidal gear can make contact with all pin teeth on the pinwheel, wherein half of the pin teeth participate in load transmission. Meanwhile, the output holes on a cycloidal gear can maintain contact with all pins on the output disc and half of the output pins deliver load. However, under the influence of the assembling clearance caused by tooth modification, manufacturing tolerance, or machining error, the numbers of pins that participate in force transmission on both pinwheel and output disc fails to reach half of the total available. The objective of this research is to present a dynamic model to precisely predict the number of pins used to transmit load in a cycloidal reducer with assembling clearance. The methods for contact detection among the transmitting components are given in detail. In modeling of the contacts, both normal contact, and tangential friction, forces are considered. Finally, a typical cycloidal reducer with a single cycloidal gear is modeled and used as an example to analyze the variation of the number of pins that take part in load-bearing work under the influences of assembling clearance and external torque.

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Hsieh, Chiu-Fan, and Wun-Si Jian. "The effect on dynamics of using various transmission designs for two-stage cycloidal speed reducers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 4 (November 29, 2015): 665–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215618984.

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This paper investigates different transmission methods for a two-stage speed reducer by analyzing component motion and stress conditions during reducer operation. First, an exemplar (set) speed-reducing ratio is used to develop four differently structured two-stage speed reducers: a traditional design using two serially connected single-stage speed reducers, an Rotate Vector (RV) reducer constructed by serially connecting a cycloid speed reducer and an involute planet gear reducer, and two new concept designs. The first new concept named “New design 1” has a pin component in which a cam pair and pins connect two-stage cycloidal gears having different tooth numbers. The second new concept named “New design 2” has a center disc component in which a cam pair symmetrically connects two-stage cycloid gears with different tooth numbers. These four structural types of two-stage speed reducer form the basis for a system dynamics analysis model used to analyze the main components’ motion and stress variation conditions. Besides, this study also carries out the cycloid internal gear (nonpinwheel design) to replace the pinwheel in these four-structured two-stage speed reducers. The results highlight the differences and shortcomings of the four transmissions with pinwheel and nonpinwheel designs, including the dynamic load imbalance and stress peaks phenomena caused by design inadequacies.

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WARDA, Bogdan, and Henryk DUDA. "A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS IN ROLLING PAIRS IN CYCLOIDAL PLANETARY GEAR." Tribologia 271, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6370.

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The power transmission system in the cycloidal planetary gear is created by a serial connection of three rolling pairs: central cylindrical roller bearings, a set of rolling pins in the straight-line mechanism, and cycloidal meshing. The paper presents the numerical method for determining the distribution of forces acting on each rolling pair of this gear. Unlike analytical methods, numerical methods allow one to find that distribution in corrected meshing. Geometrical dimensions used in the equations of balance for the planetary gear transmission Palmgren`s dependences for the deformation line contact were used to calculate forces between co-operating elements. Once the distribution of load is known, one can predict the fatigue life of Cyclo’s gears in rolling pairs. The fatigue of rolling pairs is a very good criterion to optimize geometrical parameters of the power transmission system.

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Liu, Ming Yong, Cai Chao Zhu, Chu Nai Yan, Xiang Yang Xu, and Xiao Rong Zhang. "Modification Analysis of the New Axis-Fixed Cycloid Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.82.

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Due to those disadvantages of the cycloidal-pin wheel transmission, such as complex structure, low efficiency and low bearing capacity, a new kind of axis-fixed cycloid transmission is proposed. A new method for optimum modification quantity of cycloid gear is put forward on the ground of its drive principle. Considering the influence of modification to tooth contact stress, finite element model of tooth contact for the drive is built.The analysis result indicates that there is no obvious edge contact of tooth profile and it is more reasonable for the contact stress to distribute along tooth width. Load test on gear drive bench verifies the correctness of theoretical analysis.

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Shih, A. J. "Kinematics of the Cycloidal Internal Combustion Engine Mechanism." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919293.

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The application of the characteristics of cycloidal curves for the four-stroke rotary internal combustion engine mechanism is introduced. The major components of the cycloidal engine mechanism include a flywheel, a stationary sun gear, planetary gears, rotary bars, and rotary pistons. The rotary pistons are fixed to bars driven by pins of the planetary gears, and these pins follow a common trajectory of epicyloidal or hypocycloidal curve. Several combustion chambers are created by the rotary pistons. As the flywheel makes a complete revolution, the relative motion between rotary pistons and the specially positioned intake ports, exhaust ports, and fuel injector generate four-stoke cycles within each of the combustion chambers. The constraint and classification of the application of different cycloidal curves for the rotary engine mechanism are then presented. Further, the mathematical modeling is developed. The position, velocity, and acceleration analyses of the rotary pistons of the cycloidal engine mechanisms are presented.

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Horodincă, Mihăiţă, Eduard Neculai Bumbu, Dragoş Florin Chitariu, Adriana Munteanu, Florin Chifan, and George Iulian Frigura. "A Study of 2D Profile for a Cycloidal Ring Used in a Cycloidal Reducer." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Machine constructions Section 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipcm-2022-0038.

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Abstract This paper intends to introduce a new approach in cycloidal reducers design. The usual design uses rotary pins as teeth on the ring gear (or stator as well) and an appropriate conjugate profile on the cycloidal disc (or rotor as well). This study proposes a new approach: to use rotary cylindrical pins as teeth on the rotor and an appropriate conjugate profile on the ring gear (or cycloidal ring) according with the rules of gearing. The main achievements of this paper focus on the synthesis of 2D internal profile of the cycloidal ring in transverse section. Some theoretical achievements and computer aided simulation results are briefly presented in this paper. This 2D profile is useful mainly for cycloidal reducer computer aided simulation and optimization but also for manufacturing purposes (by contour milling on CNC machines).

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Zhu, Cai Chao, Ming Yong Liu, Xue Song Du, Ning Xiao, and Bin Zhang. "Analysis on Transmission Characteristics of New Axis-Fixed Cycloid Gear." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.60.

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Due to those disadvantages of the cycloidal-pin wheel transmission, such as low efficiency, low bearing capacity and poor rigidity, a new kind of axis-fixed cycloid transmission is proposed after generalizing those advantages of axis-fixed drive, cycloid drive and oscillating-tooth drive. Special output mechanism is unnecessary here because the motion is exported directly by the cycloid gear. Thus, there are many advantages of this new transmission-simple structure, small size, high transmission efficiency and large torsional stiffness. The transmission theory and basic structure are analyzed and the formula for the transmission efficiency is derived. A prototype is manufactured and the efficiency experiment is carried out on the test bed. The experimental result verifies the correctness of the therotical analysis.

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Ermolaev, M. M., and Y. V. Sinitsyna. "A Study of the Influence of the Bearing’s Flexibility on the Operation of a Cycloidal Gear Drive." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 04 (721) (April 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-4-15-22.

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The paper presents a study of the influence of the bearing’s flexibility on the operation of a cycloidal gear drive and highlights the importance of taking the bearing’s flexibility into account when performing calculations. It shows how flexibility affects force distribution across the pins and the displacement of the most loaded pin from the pitch point towards the gear’s axis of symmetry. A method of force calculation for the KHV and 2KV type gears taking into account the bearing’s flexibility is considered. Schematic diagrams of force distribution across the pins with and without taking the bearing’s flexibility into account are presented for two types of gearing. An experiment is performed that confirms the necessity of taking the bearing’s flexibility into account. The applicability of the method for calculating various types of cycloidal gear drives is analyzed.

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Shan, Chang Ji, Yi Duo Bian, and Lin Li. "Part Design and Analysis of Cycloid Installation Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.51.

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Cycloidal gear requires rigidly a certain working environment, so its installation and part designing also calls for the greatest care. This paper intends to analyse and design the structure of system components and to conduct a feasibility study based on actual requirements. Three-dimensional drawing software is applied to aid to minimize any error in part designing and upgrade the designing efficiency. Cycloidal pin wheel is featured by compact structure, small volume, light weight, high efficiency, smooth operation, good load capacity and performance against impact and vibration. However, at the same time, owing to its complex structure, difficult manufacture, high demand of precision for processing and assembly, it is very important to design the cycloidal gear system

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Guan, Tian Min, Jiang Bo Li, and Lei Lei. "Tooth Surface Contact Fatigue Reliability Analysis of Cycloidal Gear Based on Monte-Carlo." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.811.

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All sorts of design variables and parameters are often regarded as fixed values in the traditional design, it cannot describe quantitatively how well the products are safe. It is necessary to make a reliability analysis of cycloidal gear, which is the key part of FA pin-cycloidal transmission, this paper uses Monte-Carlo method to simulate and test the distribution laws of the contact stress and the contact fatigue strength of cycloidal gear, which indicates that the contact stress obeys the normal distribution and the contact fatigue strength obeys the lognormal distribution, besides, makes a sensitivity analysis of the random parameters, all these work lay the foundation for the reliability analysis of the whole reducer.

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Shih, A. J. "Analysis and Comparison of Epicycloidal and Hypocycloidal Internal Combustion Engine Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919294.

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The analysis and comparison of epicycloidal and hypocycloidal mechanisms for the rotary four-stroke internal combustion engine are presented. The mathematical modeling for velocity and acceleration analyses of rotary pistons, based on the continuity of contact between the bar and the pin on the planetary gear, is developed. Expressions for the compression ratio and the transmission angle of cycloidal engine mechanisms are also derived. Two cycloidal engine mechanisms, one epicycloidal and the other hypocycloidal, with the same gear ratio and range of flywheel angle for the four-stroke cycle are analyzed and compared. The detailed kinematic analysis results identify the similarities and differences of these two cycloidal engine mechanisms. Several interesting features are observed and discussed.

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Zhang, Ying Hui, Wei Dong He, and Xiu Shuang Yang. "Dynamical Formulation and Analysis of Double Crank Ring-Plate-Type Pin-Cycloidal Gear Planetary Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1022.

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On the assumption that the ring-plate and gear case as rigid body, taken into account the influence of arm bearing and support bearing’s stiffness, and the distortion of gear at meshing, paper built a dynamical model for double crank ring-plate-type pin-cycloidal gear planetary drive, calculated the meshing stiffness for the involute gear and the pin-cycloid gear by program, based on Newton second law, a 33-DOF dynamical model include input and output shaft, ring-plate, involute gear and gear box was formulated by lumped-parameter method， obtained the natural frequency and vibration character for the system with bending and torsion coupling working condition, calculate results show that between 600-800Hz and some other frequency bands the system my easily cause resonance when input shaft turning at 1500r/min, which was approximately match with the prototype vibration test. For the problem that the first prototype has obvious oscillation and noise, improvement method about reinforce the gear case stiffness, increase the first transmission ratio and enlarge the output shaft stiffness was applied, theory analysis show that this measures may better decrease the vibration and noise for this kind of new drive.

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Wu, Yang Fang, Chun Lin Xia, and Yong Gang Shi. "Calculation Method for the Profile Curves of Cycloidal Pump." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.126.

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The calculation method for profile curves in a kind of cycloidal pump was proposed based on meshing principle. According to the relative motion of the rotors and coordinate transformation method, the profile coordinates of cycloidal gear were obtained. The profile coordinates of cylindrical ring gear were accurately calculated in accordance with the meshing region and the non-meshing region. The example of design and calculation was also given in this paper. According to the results, the profile curve of rotors was drawn.

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Dooner, D. B. "On the Invariance of Gear Tooth Curvature." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes208.

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A method is presented for the determination of the principal curvatures along with their principal directions of two gear teeth in direct contact. The procedure used to determine these extreme curvatures and directions is based on the nominal position of contact. Moreover, these extreme curvatures and directions are invariant with tooth type (viz. involute and cycloidal) and manufacturing process. Such curvatures and directions depend on the instantaneous pressure angle, spiral or helix angle, and position of contact. This generalized method is applicable to cylindrical gears (spur and helical), conical gears (straight and spiral), as well as hyperboloidal gears (hypoid and worm). Three examples are included to illustrate the determination of principal curvatures and directions. The first example is a helical gear pair, the second is a spiral bevel gear pair, and the third example is a hypoid gear pair.

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Vasic, Milan, Mirko Blagojevic, Miloš Matejic, and Ileana Ioana Cofaru. "The influence of the cycloid disc bearing type on the cycloidal speed reducer efficiency." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134301004.

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The robotics industry has experienced a rapid expansion in the last decade. As a result, the market of speed reducers with high gear ratios, high precision and a compact design is growing rapidly. In addition to these characteristics, it is very important for gear trains to have high efficiency. Because of their compact design, cycloidal speed reducers are not exposed to axial forces, which is their important characteristic. This means that radial bearings can be used in their supports. The bearing type has significant effects not only on the design and dimensions of the cycloid speed reducer but also on its efficiency. In this paper, an analysis of power losses for different types of rolling bearings of a cycloid disc has been performed. At the end of the paper, concrete conclusions are presented as well as directions for future research.

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Budzik, Grzegorz, Tadeusz Markowski, Michał Batsch, Jadwiga Pisula, Jacek Pacana, and Bogdan Kozik. "Stress Assessment of Gear Teeth in Epicyclic Gear Train for Radial Sedimentation Tank." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2020-0018.

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Abstract The paper presents the strength evaluation of planetary gear teeth designed for a radial sedimentation tank drive. A novel type of gear drive, composed of a closed epicyclic gear train and an open gear train with internal cycloidal gear mesh is proposed. Contact stress and root stress in the planetary gear train were determined by the finite element method and according to ISO 6336. The influence of the mesh load factor at planet gears on stress values was also established. A comparison of the results followed. It was observed that the mesh load factor on satellites depends mainly on the way the satellites and central wheels are mounted, the positioning accuracy in the carrier and the accuracy of teeth. Subsequently, a material was selected for the particular design of planetary gear and the assumed load. The analysis of the obtained results allowed assuming that in case of gears in class 7 and the rigid mounting of satellites and central wheels, gears should be made of steel for carburizing and hardening. In case of flexible satellites or flexible couplings in the central wheels and gears in class 4, gears can be made of nitriding steel.

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35

Blanche, J. G., and D. C. H. Yang. "Cycloid Drives With Machining Tolerances." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3259004.

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The cycloidal speed reducer, or cycloid drive, is an epicyclic gear train in which the profile of the planet gear is an epitrochoid and the annular sun gear has rollers as its teeth. The cycloid drive has very high efficiency and small size, in comparison with a conventional gear mechanism, making it an attractive candidate for limited space applications. On the other hand, in this type of transmissions there exist two major drawbacks, namely, backlash and torque ripple. Backlash, the angle through which the output shaft can rotate when the input shaft is held fixed, has a degrading effect on the output accuracy. Torque ripple, the variation in mechanical advantage as the input shaft rotates, causes vibrations and could lead to dynamic instability of the machinery. If the cycloid drive were manufactured to the ideal dimensions, there would be no backlash nor torque ripple. However, in reality, there will always be some machining tolerances. In this paper an analytical model is developed which models the cycloid drive with machining tolerances. Consequently, the effect of machining tolerances on backlash and torque ripple are investigated. It is found that both the backlash and the torque ripple are inherent periodic functions of the input crank angle.

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Horodincă, Mihăiţă, Eduard Neculai Bumbu, Adriana Munteanu, Dragoş Florin Chitariu, and Florin Chifan. "A Study on the Synthesis of 2D Profiles for Cycloidal Discs Used in Cycloidal Reducers." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Machine constructions Section 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipcm-2022-0037.

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Abstract This paper proposes a simple approach on the synthesis of the 2D profiles for the rotors of cycloidal reducers. A 2D rotor (or cycloidal disc) profile (as a complex closed curve) can be defined (as an alternative to the strictly mathematical definition) as the internal bordered envelope of the family of 2D profiles of the stator (or ring gear) obtained with the stator movable (for at least a completely rotation) around the fixed rotor (or planetary gear) by respecting the gearing conditions inside a cycloidal reducer. The more 2D profiles of the stator are used the more accurate definition of 2D rotor profile is obtained. The finding of x, and y-coordinates of the points involved in the description of this 2D rotor profile is by far the most complicated problem to solve in the manufacturing of this type of reducer, the behavior and performances of the cycloidal reducer drastically depends by the accuracy of this profile. The results of this study can be easy applied in practice.

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Qian, Xue Yi. "The Multi-Objective Optimization for Cycloidal Gear Drive Based on the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Theory." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.697.

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For improving the designed quality of the cycloidal gear planetary drive, the paper derives a calculation formula of the minimum film thickness, which is between cycloidal gear teeth, based on elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and gear geometry. A mathematical model for constrained multi-objective optimization is established and the model satisfies three constrains:maximize minimum film thickness between gear teeth( minimize the reciprocal ), minimize average value of m points’s absolute error value on active section that is between the tooth curves of positive shift optimal combination and tooth curves of rotated angle’s modification, minimize the total volume of gear drive. The paper abandons traditional designed method of the multi-objective optimization , improves two-objective particle swarm optimization and offers a new designed model for constrained three-objective optimization. The example is analyzed and the optimization program is complied using Matlab. The optimization’s process and result shows that the method of improved constrained multi-objective particle swarm optimization could effectively improve the products’ synthesize economical and technical indexes.

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Kormin, T. G., and J.-D. B. Tsumbu. "Cycloidal reducer with rotation external ring gear." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 971 (December 1, 2020): 042072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/971/4/042072.

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Ryazantsev, V. M. "Gear pump containing elements with cycloidal profile." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 30, no. 2 (February 1994): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01147796.

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Lyuminarsky, I. E., and S. E. Lyuminarsky. "Comparison of Involute and Cycloidal Engagement in Harmonic Drives." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 4 (745) (April 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-4-14-22.

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Harmonic drives with an involute tooth profile have such faults as noise effects, tooth skips, jamming, increased tooth wear, etc. One of the reasons for the appearance of these shortcomings is the interference of the teeth, which can be caused by an incorrect choice of gear parameters, errors in the manufacture and mounting transmission elements. Interference occurs due to small gaps at the entrance to the engagement of the teeth. To increase these gaps, it is proposed to use cycloidal tooth shapes. To determine the minimum clearance at the entrance to the teeth engagement in involute and cycloidal gears theoretical studies have been carried out. It is shown that in the cycloidal engagement the minimum gap at the entrance to the engagement is much larger than in the involute one. The influence of the moment of resistance on the output shaft and the radial displacement of the cam axis on the specified clearance has been studied.

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Matsuzaki, Yuki, Yoichi Kadota, Kazuo Uzuka, Hideyuki Suenaga, Ken Sasaki, and Takeshi Morita. "Non-Contact Actuation of Less-Invasive Bone Lengthening Device Using Embedded Cycloidal Motor Driven by Permanent Magnets from the outside." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.722.

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This report proposes a miniaturized non-contact actuation mechanism for a surgical device for bone extension operation. The device is embedded inside the body, and the device controls the gap between the bones cut by operation. A small permanent magnet is attached to the outer gear of a cycloidal reducer that rotates a screw of the screw-nut mechanism. This magnet is forced by the external magnetic flux density controlled by the outer permanent magnets’ position. In this research, two pairs of permanent magnet bar were rotated by stepping motors outside the device. The outer gear is constrained in As a result, ring gear of the cycloidal reducer is driven in translational wobbling motion the inner gear is connected to the screw and the output nut position is driven linearly with screw rotation. The dimensions of the fabricated device were 7 mm in diameter and 39.7 mm in length. The output thrust of this device was 2 N.

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42

Liu, Can, Shan Shan Shen, and Chun Liang Zhang. "Dynamics Influence of Joints with Clearance on Complex Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 681 (October 2014): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.681.15.

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The effects of joints with clearance between Crankshaft and cycloidal wheel on needle pendulum gear drive in 2K-V reducer are considered by Virtual Prototyping. A comparative analysis reveals angular velocity, acceleration change and the loading conditions of the input and output components. Joggle force between Crankshaft and cycloidal wheel are also analysized. It is a convenient way for stiffness design of 2K-V reducer.

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Chavan, Umesh, Atharv Joshi, Yash Kolambe, Harsh Gwalani, Harish Chaudhari, Aniket Khalate, and Pravin Hujare. "Magnification of energy transmission ratio using miniature cycloidal gear box for humanoids." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1272, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1272/1/012017.

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Design challenges arise in applications like humanoids where high torque is required to move and self-balance the bot. Present research focuses on development of a cycloidal gearbox for humanoid shoulder joints. Light weight gear box assembly was designed with mass of 360g. Structural design and analysis of cycloidal gearbox is carried out. A 3D printed prototype is developed to validate motion analysis. It was actuated by NEMA 17 step motor (0.45 N-m) which is controlled by A4988 motor driver module on the Arduino platform. The speed reduction ratio is achieved 20:1 in a very small space of 60 x 60 x 20mm. Motor torque 0.45Nm is magnified up to 8.82Nm. Result shows proposed cycloidal gearbox satisfies requirement of humanoid shoulder joints such as high torque, light weight and compact assembly. Additional features noticed are back drivable, vibration and noise free transmission which are highly desirable for humanoid shoulder joints.

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44

CHEN, Bingkui. "Manufacturing method for the conic cycloidal gear pair." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 01 (2007): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2007.01.147.

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45

Wikło, M., R. Król, K. Olejarczyk, and K. Kołodziejczyk. "Output torque ripple for a cycloidal gear train." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (April 11, 2019): 7270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219841656.

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The article discusses the problem of a torque ripple on the output shaft of a cycloidal gearbox. To investigate the phenomenon, numerical simulations were performed and compared with the experimental results. Simulations were performed with multibody dynamic software—one with rigid and second with flexible elements. The dynamic model of the gearbox for the determination of the amplitude of the torque change was introduced, where the model utilizes periodical change of the stiffness of gear components as well as geometrical parameters, which are the results of machining and assembly tolerances. The test was made on a gearbox that was calculated, designed, and tested by the authors of the article. To perform the test, a test bench was built. The bench included electric motors, torque meters, and a control application.

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Semjon, Ján, Mikuláš Hajduk, Rudolf Jánoš, and Peter Tuleja. "Procedure Selection Bearing Reducer TwinSpin for Robotic Arm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 245 (December 2012): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.245.261.

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The current mechanical engineering applications require the use of increasingly larger share precision reducers and special mechatronics units with a high degree of integration. High precision gearboxes is used for such applications with low backlash and high torsional stiffness (harmonic, cycloidal or planetary). Bearing reducers (cycloidal gear) meet the requirements of small built-in space in the implementation a high-precision change of transfers. Bearing reducers TwinSpin from company Spinea accurately fulfil all of these conflicting requirements.

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Höhn, Bernd Robert, K. Stahl, H. P. Otto, and H. Bauhoffer. "Precision Involute Gearboxes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.570.

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Industrial robots with middle or high loads are currently driven by gearboxes with cycloidal shaped gear toothing. The Gear Research Center (FZG) of the Technische Universität München analyzed in a project founded by the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, if it is possible to meet the high demands of mechanical drive trains with involute toothing. Prototypes of such a gearbox have been built and successfully tested.

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48

Gu, Inhoy. "Design of Antibacklash Pin-Gearing." Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826665.

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This paper draws attention to pin gearing for its antibacklash gear property. The gear tooth curve derived from a cycloidal curve furnishes the pin gearing with kinematic antibacklash, low pressure angle, and no interference among other features. The pins on one side of a centerline are contacting the forward faces of the mating tooth gear. Simultaneously the pins on the other side of the centerline are contacting the backward faces of the gear. The correct center distance can be maintained by applying a force directed to each other center for multiple contacts. A generating method of gear manufacture is also suggested. Contact and bending deformations as well as the gear stress are analyzed to help its engineering design.

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ISHIDA, Takeshi, Takahiro YOSHIDA, and Shuting LI. "Relationships Among Face Width, Amount of Gear Error, Gear Dimension, Applied Torque and Tooth Load in Cycloidal Gears." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 64, no. 623 (1998): 2711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.64.2711.

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Dankov, A. M. "PLANETARY CONTINUOUSLY ADJUSTABLE GEAR TRAIN WITH FORCE CLOSURE OF PLANET GEAR AND CENTRAL GEAR: FROM IDEA TO DESIGN." Science & Technique 17, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-3-228-237.

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One of the reasons constraining use of a continuously adjustable gear train with compound poly-sector gear wheels in general and its most perspective version that is a planetary continuously adjustable gear train in particular is its design complexity. For example, a complex design of the mechanism for regulation of transmission gear ratio is specified by the use of involute gearing that requires a presence of backlash and bottom clearances for normal functioning and, therefore, autonomous but synchronous movement of a planet gear, as well as sectors of a central gear. In order to simplify the design of especially this mechanism for continuously adjustable gear train the paper justifies a transition to a backlash-free gearing and during this process either a planet gear or sectors of central gear are forcibly moving for regulation of the transmission ratio without losing contact with the mating element. Contact constancy of interacting elements under load is ensured by their force closure which is meant to overcome an action of gearing forces. The paper describes options for implementation of backlash-free gearing as a result of planet gear and central gear force closure, each variant is characterized by selection of active (controlled) and passive (execution of force closure) gear element. In the case of gear transmission with planet pinion coaxial tooth rims it is appropriate to implement a version with involute gearing, passive planet gear and active gear sectors of central gears. In the case of gear transmission with planet pinion opposite tooth rims the most acceptable option is with the cycloidal pin wheel gear, active planet gear and passive gear sectors of central gears. The paper proposes to carry out the force closure for teeth of gear components by means of an elastic element (a spring). A method for determination of parameters for an elastic element has been described depending on a planet gear design and the paper also shows simplification level in the gear design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cycloidal gear'

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